DE102004005105A1 - Object protection system and method for protecting objects - Google Patents

Abstract

The The invention relates to an object protection system having a plurality of Mist grenade launchers with Wirkmassen, whereby by the object protection system by a plurality of mist areas created by individual fog grenades in the essential tubular Protective smoke sleeve is formed. The invention further relates to a method for forming a fog protection cover for a to be protected Object.

Description

The The present invention relates to an object protection system that a to be protected Object enveloped by nebulization and therefore blocks the view of this object. The invention relates further to a corresponding method for protecting Objects.

A Nebulization is in the military Area used to make an area by means of fog grenades, mist mortars or also distributed mist pots or misting by means of fog generators. Military applications affect both the privacy of persons and the privacy of vehicles. The fog bodies disassemble during use at the site of action and distribute the fog effective mass, which lit at the same time is used, wherein partially used as Nebelwirkmassen so-called pellets be distributed and lit at the site of action and then fired from the ground out of the fog.

These However, type of fog protection is only for the fogging of objects with very low altitude, such as a person or a vehicle, suitable and remains largely at ground level.

Especially with regard to the political development of recent years and it is the rising dangers of terrorist attacks Therefore, an object of the present invention is an object protection system and to provide a corresponding method, which also larger objects, such as buildings, Industrial plants or even nuclear power plants, especially from terrorist Attacks, for example, using an aircraft that targeted on such an object should be crashed, or under Use of a remote-controlled aircraft effective by nebulization protects.

These The object is achieved by an object protection system according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 15 solved, the requirements 2 to 14 relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the object protection system according to the invention, the requirements 16 to 24 relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention to protect of objects.

According to the invention comprises an object protection system a variety of launcher devices for fog grenades with active masses. The launcher for the Fog grenades are in the vicinity of an object to be protected, for example a building, a Indu strieanlage or a nuclear power plant, arranged, wherein the launcher are designed so that the Effective masses in height are feasible, that is, the mist effect mass is ignited in height. The launcher are preferably designed so that the fog grenades substantially at the same time, in particular in salvoes, can be fired. By the ignition of Effective masses in height each fog grenade creates a set, limited fog area.

According to the invention launchers and the fog grenades are designed so that the multiplicity of generated Mist areas in combination form a substantially tubular protective mist cover, the one to be protected Object in lateral directions substantially completely surrounds and a minimum height that has at least the height to be protected Object corresponds.

Thereby will ensure that the to be protected Object is shielded from all sides by the fog protection cover and the View from all directions is blocked on the object to be protected. At the same time, however, it is not necessary to have a very large volume, the one to protect Partially occupy objects, completely fog up what the crowd the required fog grenades and the required effective masses significantly lower and further above addition, has the advantage that the Object itself not completely exposed to the possibly disturbing fog is.

On This way can be an object to be protected quickly and easily effectively protected be because a possibly approaching aircraft the view of the Object from the outside is blocked, for example, a targeted approach and a targeted crash on the protected Object prevented.

Alternatively, the launcher devices and the fog grenades according to the invention are designed so that the plurality of generated mist areas in combination at least one sector of such a tubular protective smoke cover ( 20 ), wherein said at least one sector surrounding the object to be protected in lateral directions over an angular range of at least 90 °, more preferably over an angular range of at least 180 °, wherein the height of the sector has a minimum height, the at least the height corresponds to the object to be protected. For an object to be protected, the is not formed substantially circular, the angular range of the sector is determined by the smallest possible circle is placed around the outline of the object to be protected, which completely surrounds the object to be protected, the angle range is determined at this surrounding the object circle.

In Context of this invention should be pointed out that fog Particles (particles or droplets) contains these particles at least partially having a diameter, the size range the wavelength the electromagnetic radiation is in the visible range, so that passing through electromagnetic radiation due to the physical effects of Mie and Rayleigh scattering is significantly reduced. Farther it also comes to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.

objects behind the fog are not with sufficient damping by the fog to make out more. According to the Koschmieder criterion, the transmission should fall below 2% in all cases sustainably prevent object recognition.

In general, the transmitted radiation and concentration of the mists are linked by the law of Lambert and Beer: τ = e -α (λ) · c · x

In this case, τ is the transmission and x is the optical path length through the irradiated medium. α is the so-called mass extinction coefficient. It is a material immanent size and depends on the wavelength. The mass extinction coefficient thus indicates the ability of the transmission damping for the respective smoke material system. c denotes the concentration of mists, more precisely the number of scattering and absorbing particles in the mists per unit volume: c = number of particles / volume

With Help this equation can be given knowledge of the mass extinction coefficient the required concentration of mists are calculated.

Calculation example:

• Mass extinction coefficient of a fog system α = 2.6 m ² / g
• Optical path length x = cut radius d _n1 = 40 m
• Transmission to be achieved τ <= 0.02
• Then c> = 0.0376 g / m ³ ,

The fog areas that are generated by individual fog grenades are dependent on the cutting radius on the one hand and the rate of descent of the active mass and the burning time of the active mass on the other hand. If, for example, the decomposition _radius d _n1 = 40 m, then the mist area generated by this grenade has a width of 40 m per grenade. If the effective mass also has a sinking rate of, for example, 4 m / s and a burning time of, for example, 15 seconds, the height of the fog area is approximately 60 m per grenade, so that a fog area of 40 m × 60 m is generated.

The individual fog areas are in the object protection system according to the invention in the form of a mosaic created side by side and on top of each other so that one in the essential tubular Smoke protection cover formed in which the object to be protected is located.

It should be noted at this point that very different Fog grenades with different fragmentation radii and effective masses used with different sinking rates and burning times can be. It is possible to use substantially identical fog grenades so that all are generated Mist areas substantially the same size, but it is at another embodiment just as possible different fog grenades with different splitting radii and sinking rates and burning times. For example Is it possible, for fog grenades, which implemented at a higher altitude be to choose smaller decomposition radii.

It is also possible in one embodiment of the invention that the generated mist areas are generated in the fog protection sheath substantially directly adjacent to each other, but it is also possible to form the object protection system and in particular the launcher and the fog grenades or to select the effective masses so that the generated fog areas whose size be described as above overlap, in order to produce a dense hose-like protection envelope as possible with sufficiently low transmission in all areas, for example a transmission τ below 4% or below 2%.

When Nebelwirkmasse thereby preferably very light elements are used, like platelets, thin tablets, coated carriers or pellets, coarse-grained Granules or dragees that are capable of several Seconds, preferably between 3 to 15 seconds, to produce fog, these very light elements preferably have a low rate of descent have, so that the burning and fog-producing pieces do not fall to the ground and there a fire hazard cause. Preferred sinking speeds are within a range from about 2 m / s to 10 m / s, in particular at 4 m / s to 6 m / s.

at a further preferred embodiment be additional Irritation effects through the selection of fog substance as well as the in a certain frame, staggered firing sequence realized. The effects are through disassembly flashes and through produced the visible burn (flame effect) of the active mass. Thereby become the eyes of a potential enemy observer, for example in an airplane, distracted by the exact location of the target and the orientation additionally difficult.

Around To understand the effect of irritation, one must first understand the operation of the Look closer at the human eye as a detector. It reacts to physical stimuli electromagnetic radiation of about 400 - 800 nm with the sensation of light or color. It represents a good picture System with the possibility the distance and aperture setting. The receiver layer is constantly highly sensitive and has a corresponding resolution. The is all the more surprising, as no high accuracies in the imaging surfaces and the optical centering of the eye are present. aberrations are not resolved by combining optical elements. Farther is the luminance range that suffices when seeing with a sufficient exact difference perception are bridged has to do a lot greater than the luminance range of physical devices with similar accuracy. Nevertheless To achieve the high efficiency cited above has the human visual system biological compensation and control mechanisms via sensory cells, Sehleitung; Visual center in the brain Switching stations, efferent neural pathways and eye muscles built in, which compensate for the structural weaknesses. Some of these mechanisms can be explained by the optional emissive Influence effects.

The Retina represents the light-sensitive detector and has a complicated structure. The brightness control of this detector happens by aperture control of the pupil and sensitivity change of sensory cells through photochemical processes. Furthermore, the retina able to connect several sensory cells together and to one Pair nerve fiber. All these effects are through the optional Emission effects affected.

A further influence happens over operations in the visual center of the brain: At the edge of the field of vision, movements become or abrupt brightness changes better perceived as in the center to better recognize approaching threats to be able to. Automatic and unconscious becomes the area of optimal vision on the edge threat directed. This mechanism is also due to the emissive effects caused.

When launchers for the Fog grenades can different devices, for example stationary launcher batteries, be used. The launcher batteries will be at a preferred embodiment so fanned out, that she cover different positions both in height and width. The individual launch tubes aim at different Directions, so that too the fog grenades fired in different directions be that theirs Decomposition and effect takes place at the planned site of action, namely the planned location of the smoke protection cover to be produced.

By The type of installation and alignment can take many forms produced by smoke covers are, for example, cylinders, cones, cuboids, ellipsoids, etc. It can both symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes are formed, depending on the protected Object shape and structure.

In addition to the degrees of freedom of the firing direction, the firing energies of the fog grenades can be used as setting and control variables. It is possible to use different charges to achieve different distances as well as different delay times between firing and actuation of the bursting charge by means of a delay element. It should be noted that with the degrees of freedom launcher, shot energy (and thus launch speed) and delay time any location in the room can be achieved, so that the desired shape of the fog Protective cover can be produced by a mosaic composition of individual fog areas of the individual fog grenades.

to Optimization of the object protection system are at a preferred embodiment as many as possible Battery lorries grouped together to minimize the number of places to need. Are preferred for the all-round protection numerous smaller throwing units (10 to 15) or concentrated 4 to 6 litter groups and installation sites realized. With a small number of installation sites is thus also the Effort for Energy supply, cabling, paths and weather protection minimized, which significantly lowers the total cost of the system.

launcher assemblies can be positioned differently depending on infrastructure and needs, for example on buildings or roofs, but also on the ground. Preference is given to the site so selected that the needed Firing energy and the firing shock remains in reasonable dimensions, avoiding any possible dud may represent a source of danger.

Prefers In this case, the object protection system is also formed so that the weft direction not in the direction of buildings, used paths or roads, including escape routes, or on valuable facilities and buildings aims. Preferably, certain security zones are defined, in whose directions no fog grenades are fired.

Prefers are the launcher or Dispensereinheiten designed so that an exchange and a test of Ammunition possible is. For Dispenser units installed on the floor are preferred precautions provided against unauthorized access. Preference is given to devices for protection against splinters in the form of, for example, 2.3 m high barriers provided, which can be designed to be open at the top. It should be considered when designing dispenser units, that the Disassembly of ammunition in the dispenser does not endanger personnel outside causes the dispenser unit by splinters.

at According to various preferred embodiments, the nebula can have different shapes have, in particular, a cross section of the protective mist cover in horizontal Direction different shapes, for example, the horizontal cross section to be substantially circular or oval, it is but also possible that the horizontal cross-section is essentially a rectangular or polygonal Form, or as needed any other shape. The Cross-sectional shape can be adapted to the shape and structure of the Object adapted become, but also conscious deviate from this, to the shape of the smoke cover no Conclusions on the one to be protected To allow object.

Of the Horizontal cross-section of the smoke cover can be in different Heights in have substantially the same shape, but it is also possible that the horizontal Cross section in different heights also different forms has, for example, in a lower area substantially has a rectangular shape that is slow in a higher range turns into an oval cross-sectional shape.

Also is in one embodiment possible, that the horizontal cross section at different heights one substantially the same size area includes, in a particularly preferred embodiment, however, it is provided that yourself the fog protection cover tapered upwards in a vertical direction. In particular, it is advantageous that yourself the fog protection cover in a height range tapered, the above the height to be protected Object lies.

at a usual one embodiment is the substantially tubular smoke protection cover open at the top, though maybe tapered, in another embodiment However, it is also possible that the tubular protective mist cover in addition to a lid is provided so that the fog protection cover the to be protected Object also completely upwards shields. A complete closed tubular Protective smoke sleeve can also be realized, for example, that the Protective smoke sleeve tapered so far in the vertical direction that the walls of the fog protection cover substantially converge and thereby complete the fog protection cover.

In addition to the pure form of the smoke protection cover per se, which, as already mentioned, may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in particular, in one embodiment the smoke protection cover can be designed such that the object to be protected forms substantially centrally within the smoke protection cover However, it is also possible to arrange the object to be protected decentrally within the smoke protection cover. The decentralized arrangement of the object to be protected in the protective mist cover has the advantage that in particular in the cases in which a not very large volume is detected by the smoke cover, a potential attacker also can not assume that the object to be protected is located in the middle of the space formed by the fog protection envelope, so that a Zielfindung on is difficult.

The Protective smoke sleeve can in one embodiment to be generated essentially in the immediate vicinity of the object, in a preferred embodiment However, it is envisaged that the Anti-fog cover with an intended distance from the object is generated, so that between Protective smoke sleeve and the one to protect Object creates a free space. This space has in particular the Advantage that that from the fog protection cover enclosed volume is increased, a location of the protected Object therefore additionally difficult and thus the probability of hit is reduced.

The Provide a free space in addition to the advantages described above Furthermore, the advantage that in the case of wind influences, the generated smoke protection cover put that to be protected Object over a longer one Period remains within the generated smoke cover.

Prefers is therefore the size of the free space dependent on a required total protection time for the object and in dependence chosen from a given wind speed. As wind speed are in preferred embodiments statistical values for uses the place where the object to be protected stands, where as wind speed, for example, an average wind speed or even a maximum wind speed can be assumed can. In a preferred embodiment is taken as the wind speed a value chosen so that, for example in 80% or 90% of all cases the wind the assumed wind strength does not exceed.

Next of pure strength the wind speed from which the clearance and the structure of the Protective smoke sleeve as well as the positioning of the object to be protected within the to be generated smoke cover can be determined, the preferred wind direction can also be considered in a preferred embodiment, the clearance in the direction from which the wind is preferred is greater as on the leeward side of the object to be protected.

Of the Free space can be chosen in a preferred embodiment so that at the predetermined wind speeds and the required total protection time a one-time generation of the smoke protection cover is sufficient. At a For example, required protection time of 180 seconds and a maximum wind speed of 10 m / s would therefore have a free space of 1800 m.

at a further embodiment but it is also possible the object protection system in such a way that at certain intervals several times, at least twice, a mist cover is produced.

In such an object protection system, free space and frequency or time intervals between the individual generation of the smoke protection envelopes are preferably matched to the desired total protection duration, the total required guard time t _{ges being} an integer multiple of the so-called postnutrition sequence time t _n , in order to optimize the required fog usage is minimized. If the required guard time were not an integer multiple of the post-nourishment sequence time, it could be necessary, for example shortly before the end of the entire protection period, to produce a new nebula casing, which then lasts longer than the required guard time, which would lead to an increased use amount of the active agent. The Nachnähren can take place in a slightly different place central or decentralized, to further complicate the orientation and goal setting.

The height of Protective smoke sleeve corresponds to at least the maximum height of the protected Object, preferably, the smoke cover is higher than the one to be protected Object, for example, to ensure that even when approaching a Aircraft of greater height the object longer remains hidden, which is particularly important if the fog protection cover above is not closed.

at a preferred embodiment depends on this additional, over the Height of building exceeding height the fog protection cover on the one hand from the free space, that is from the distance of the smoke protection cover to the Side boundaries of the protected Object, as well as a maximum assumed approach angle of a Aircraft or a flying object, so that preferably ensured Will that be free space and total height the fog protection cover are coordinated so that the object to be protected for example, from an aircraft only then over the upper edge of the fog protection shell an upper opening can be seen when the then required approach angle of the Aircraft on the object is too high to the plane or the flying object still to be protected Control object.

Preferably, the tubular protective mist cover is designed so that a free space .DELTA.r of the following formula Δr ≥ t ges · v w where t _{tot is} the desired total protection duration and v _{w is} the assumed wind speed.

The total height H of the smoke protection cover is also preferably selected as a function of the object height h _Obj and as a function of the free space Δ r and a maximum assumed approach angle β to the horizontal of an aircraft or a flying object, so that the overall height H preferably satisfies the following formula: H ≥ h obj + Δr · tanβ, wherein as approach angle β is preferably assumed a value of 5 °, in another embodiment of 10 ° or 20 ° to the horizontal.

To the above values for the free space Δ r and the overall height H of the fog protection cover can at a preferred embodiment also considers possible "safety premiums" can, for example, be the above values for Δr and H increased by 50% or even by 100% to increase the safety factor or unexpected external influences, such as for example, a higher wind speed or a wind from an unexpected direction, to compensate.

The greater the clearance .DELTA.r is chosen, the greater must therefore, depending on the maximum approach angle β, and the total height H are selected so that with an increase in the free space .DELTA.r not only the extent of the protective mist cover, but also the height and Thus, the total area of the smoke protection cover rise, so that a higher number of active agents is required to produce such a protective cover. On the other hand, an increase in clearance Δr also increases the overall protection period or, in the case of a multiple generation of mist cover, the post-nourishment time t _n , so that a mist cover has to be produced less frequently, which in turn reduces the amount of mist used.

For example, assume a maximum approach angle β of 20 °, a maximum wind speed of 10 m / s, an object with a radius r of 50 m and a height h _obj of 30 m, and also fog grenades with a disintegration radius d _n1 = 40 m , A rate of descent of the active mass of about 4 m / s and a burning time of 15 seconds, ie a fog height per fog grenade of 60 m assumed, with a required protection time of 180 seconds at a free space .DELTA.r of 1800 m only once a fog protection shell generated be recharged twice, with a free space of 600 m, so a total of three times a fog protection cover must be generated. With a free space Δ r of 200 m, a total of nine times a fog protection cover must be generated.

at The above data and assumptions therefore result for the total amount of fog used Values shown in the table below:

table

Out The table above shows that the total amount of mist required at a clearance Δ r = 200 m is the lowest. This applies to the case of a 20 ° approach angle, change at other approach angles the conditions, so that at larger open spaces lower Fog amounts can be sufficient.

Prefers be, depending the situation and the object size, in particular Free spaces Δ r are provided, the bigger than 150 m, preferably greater than 200 m, particularly preferably greater than 250 m or even 300 m are.

at a particular preferred embodiment, the object protection system and the launchers and the fog grenades designed so that at a required total protection time a total of three to four times the fog protection must be generated, ie re-fed two to three times becomes. Therefor have to in the launcher enough fog grenades are available, so in a relatively short time Time without manual reloading several times fired grenades can be.

The entire system may preferably be designed so that several Attacks can be fought off prefers at least two to three attacks.

The object protection system and the launcher devices are preferably designed so that a Nachnähren the fog protection shell after a first generation of the fog protection shell takes place at predetermined intervals, which, as explained above, depending on the assumed wind speed v _w and the free space .DELTA.r.

• – Auslösen der Abschußvorrichtungen zur Erzeugung der Nebelschutzhülle, insbesondere Abschuß aller erforderlichen Munition für eine komplette Nebelschutzhülle,
• – Taktung von Irritationseffekten für zeitversetzte Zerlegung aller Munitionen einer Nebelschutzhülle, wobei bevorzugt der Tarnschutz mit 5 zeitversetzten Zerlegungen innerhalb von 10 Sekunden erzeugt werden kann,
• – Taktung der Nachnährungen für die Erhaltung des Tarnschutzes,
• – Erzeugung einer Summenstörmeldung und Weiterleiten an eine LWL-Steuerleitung (Lichtwellenleiter-Steuerleitung),
• – Anzeige aller Fehlermeldungen des Systems, wie zum Beispiel Fehler bei der manuellen Zündkreisprüfung (einzelne Zündkreise) und der Summenstörmeldung,
• – Erzeugen der Zündspannung für den Abschuß der einzelnen Munitionen aus den jeweiligen Abschußvorrichtungen bzw. Dispensern,
• – Manuelle Auslösung der Zündkreisprüfung,
• – wobei bevorzugt eine Sicherung gegen Fehlauslösung vorzusehen ist.

In a preferred embodiment, a controller is also provided, which may be provided in particular as part of the launcher or the dispenser units. Such a controller preferably has the following tasks:

• Triggering of the launcher devices for generating the smoke protection cover, in particular firing all necessary ammunition for a complete protective cover,
• - Timing of irritation effects for delayed disassembly of all ammunition of a nebula, wherein preferably the camouflage with 5 time-shifted decompositions can be generated within 10 seconds,
• - Timing of the Nachnährungen for the preservation of the camouflage,
• Generation of a summation fault message and forwarding to an optical fiber control line (optical waveguide control line),
• - Display of all system error messages, such as errors in the manual ignition circuit test (single ignition circuits) and the total fault message,
• Generating the ignition voltage for the firing of the individual ammunition from the respective launcher or dispenser,
• - Manual triggering of the ignition circuit test,
• - In which preferably a fuse against false triggering is provided.

Prefers is in the controller a protection against power failure / voltage recovery integrated.

at a further embodiment of the object protection system, this is further provided with a wind measuring device provided during the and after the first generation of a smoke cover, the actually prevailing one Wind measures, So that the Nachnährzeit dependent on from the measurements of the wind measuring devices automatically selected becomes. The intervals between the Nachnähren are therefore not dependent on the assumed statistics, but from the real wind speed and, if necessary, direction.

A another embodiment with knowledge of approach direction by sensors or computer science concerns the sectoral triggering the smoke screen. This is especially beneficial in military Applications where compared to civil applications with more common Threats can be expected.

The invention further relates to a method for protecting objects, in which in the vicinity of an object to be protected by means of a plurality of fog grenades, the effective mass are implemented in height, so that each fog grenade generates a predetermined fog area, a fog protection shell is generated, wherein the plurality of fog grenades and the plurality of generated mist areas in combination form a substantially tubular protective mist cover substantially completely surrounding the object to be protected in lateral directions and having a minimum height at least equal to the height corresponds to the object to be protected. In order to avoid repetition, reference is also made to the above description with regard to the special features of the method and with regard to the advantages of the method.

These and further features and advantages of the invention are further illustrated the attached, schematic illustrations even more clearly. Show it:

1 an object to be protected with and without fog protection cover in a perspective view obliquely from above and in a plan view;

2 a partial section of a fog protection sleeve according to the invention;

3 schematically a partial cross-section of a smoke protection cover to an object to be protected;

4 a cross-sectional view schematically showing an object to be protected and a cross-sectional shape of the mistschützhülle; and

5 a representation showing a possible relative arrangement of Zerlegungskreisen according to the invention.

1 schematically shows an object to be protected 10 , in this case a nuclear power plant, being the object to be protected 10 in the upper part of the 1 is shown from a substantially side view and in a plan view.

In the lower part of 1 is the object to be protected 10 shown by an inventive object protection system with a fog protection cover 20 surrounded, with the fog protection cover 20 in 1 is shown only very schematically, in particular the fog areas generated by the fog grenades are shown only circular or spherical, wherein the circles or balls represent the respective disassembly circle of a fog grenade.

In the lower left-hand area, the object shielded by the protective mist cover is shown schematically as it would be seen, for example, from the perspective of an approaching aircraft. The smoke protection cover is higher than the maximum height of the building 10 , only by the oblique angle is the highest elevation of the building 10 through the opening of the fog protection cover 20 to recognize.

In the lower right part of the 1 is a schematic plan view of the through the fog protection cover 20 protected object 10 from which it can be seen, in particular, that the illustrated embodiment of the smoke protection cover 20 has a substantially circular cross section in the horizontal direction, wherein this cross-section tapers with increasing height.

In 2 is shown schematically a partial section of a smoke protection cover, as it is produced with the object protection system according to the invention or according to the inventive method. The fog protection cover 20 will, as well in 2 can be seen, produced by the interaction of a plurality of fog grenades, which are implemented in height at superior positions, so that in the manner of a mosaic, a substantially closed fog protection cover ( 20 , s. 1 ) is produced.

In the implementation or decomposition of the fog grenades creates a decomposition circle 22 having a decomposition diameter d _n1 . Due to the decrease in the reacted fog effective mass, in which preferably very light elements are used, depending on the rate of descent and the duration of the mist generation, ie, the duration of the burning time of the mist active mass, a mist carpet 24 generated, so that a total of fog area 26 is formed with an extension in the horizontal direction of d _n1 and a height in the vertical direction of h _n1 per fog grenade. The variety of fog areas 26 produces in combination the fog protection cover ( 20 ).

It should be noted at this point that the 2 the decomposition circles 22 and the foggy rugs 24 or the fog areas 26 merely, schematically represents. Also are in 2 However, it is also possible that the object protection system according to the invention and the launcher devices and the fog grenades are designed so that the mist circles are arranged so that they are slightly spaced apart 22 at least in the horizontal direction directly adjacent to each other or preferably even slightly overlap.

The 3 schematically shows an object to be protected 10 with a height h _obj that by means of an object protection system _according to the invention with a fog protection _cover 20 is surrounded. The fog protection cover 20 is spaced from the object with a clearance Δ r and has a total height H corresponding to the height of the object h _obj plus an additional height Δ h.

The additional height Δ h is dependent on a maximum possible approach angle β to the horizontal of a flying object 40 and the selected clearance .DELTA.r are chosen so that at the moment in which the aircraft to be protected object 10 above the upper limit of the fog protection cover 20 is visible, the maximum approach angle β is already exceeded, so that the aircraft, as soon as the object is visible, no longer on the object 10 can be controlled. The overall height H therefore satisfies the following formula in the embodiment shown here: H ≥ h obj + Δr · tanβ

In one embodiment, a safety factor is preferably included, so that the total height H satisfies, for example, the following formula: H ≥ 1.5 × (h obj + Δr · tanβ)

4 shows schematically and in cross-sectional view of a substantially elliptical mist cover 20 according to the invention, a rectangular object to be protected 10 has been generated. The ratios of the two semi-major axis a, b each have the same ratio as the lengths of the side dimensions of the object x _0, y _0, wherein the elliptical cross section of the protective smoke sleeve 20 the following formula is sufficient: x 2 / a 2 + y 2 / b 2 = 1

It is possible that the fog protection cover 20 maintains this elliptical cross section over the entire height, but it is also possible that the shape of the smoke protection cover changes in a vertical upward direction. It is also possible that the smoke protection sheath tapers upwards in the vertical direction.

5 shows schematically a relative positioning of two decomposition circles 22 of fog grenades having a decomposition _diameter d _n1 of 40 m. As in 5 clearly visible, the cutting circles have been positioned in the embodiment shown here so that they overlap over a partial area of about 10 m, so that the centers of the cutting circles are about 30 m apart.

5 also shows an example of the values for the transmission caused by the decomposition circuits, wherein it should be taken into account that the concentration c in the overlap has twice the value as in the remainder of the nebulizer.

The in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims disclosed features of the invention can both individually and also in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments be essential.

Claims (24)

Object protection system comprising a plurality of launcher devices with active masses which are located in the vicinity of an object to be protected ( 10 ) are arranged, wherein the effective masses of the fog grenades are implemented in height, so that each fog grenade in the implementation of a fog area ( 22 . 24 ; 26 ) and wherein the launcher and the fog grenade are formed so that the plurality of generated mist areas ( 22 . 24 ; 26 ) in combination a substantially tubular protective mist cover ( 20 ) forming the object to be protected ( 10 ) substantially completely surrounds in lateral directions, or at least one sector of such a tubular protective smoke cover ( 20 ), wherein this at least one sector is the object to be protected ( 10 ) in lateral directions over an angular range of at least 90 °, wherein the fog protection sheath ( 20 ) has a minimum height H that is at least the height h _{obj of} the object to be protected ( 10 ) corresponds. Object protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular protective mist cover ( 20 ) has a substantially circular cross section in the horizontal direction. Object protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular protective mist cover ( 20 ) has a substantially oval cross section in the horizontal direction. Object protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular protective mist cover ( 20 ) has a substantially rectangular or polygonal cross-section in the horizontal direction. Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular protective smoke cover ( 20 ) tapers upwards in the vertical direction. Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the smoke protection cover ( 20 ) in the immediate vicinity of the object to be protected ( 10 ) is produced. Object protection device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the smoke protection cover ( 20 ) at a distance from the object to be protected ( 10 ) is generated, so that between the fog protection cover ( 20 ) and the object to be protected ( 10 ) creates a free space Δ r. Object protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that the size of the free space Δ r is selected as a function of a required total protection time t _ges and a predetermined wind speed v _w . Object protection device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the selected free space Δ r satisfies the formula Δ r ≥ t _ges · v _w . Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height of the protective mist cover ( 20 ) the height h _{obj of} the object ( 10 ) plus an additional height Δ h, which depends on the selected clearance Δ r and an assumed maximum approach angle β of a flying object ( 40 ). Object protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that the height H of the protective mist cover ( 20 ) of the formula H ≥ h _obj + Δr · tanβ is sufficient. Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the launcher and the fog grenades are designed in such a way and as many fog grenades are provided in the launcher ready for firing, that at least twice a fog protection sheath ( 20 ) can be generated. Object protection device according to claim 12, characterized in that the object protection system ( 12 ) is formed so that the fog protection cover ( 20 ) can be generated at least twice at fixed intervals. Object protection system according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that it further a wind measuring device includes. Method for protecting an object, in which a multiplicity of fog grenades with effective masses are converted in height, so that each fog grenade during the conversion has a fog area ( 22 . 24 ; 26 ), wherein the fog grenades are spatially and geometrically implemented so that the plurality of generated fog areas ( 20 . 24 ; 26 ) in combination a substantially tubular protective mist cover ( 20 ) forming the object to be protected ( 10 ) substantially completely surrounds in lateral directions, or at least one sector of such a tubular protective smoke cover ( 20 ), wherein this at least one sector is the object to be protected ( 10 ) in lateral directions over an angular range of at least 90 °, wherein the fog protection sheath ( 20 ) has a minimum height H that is at least the height h _{obj of} the object to be protected ( 10 ) corresponds. Process according to claim 15, characterized in that a substantially tubular protective smoke cover ( 20 ) having a substantially circular, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross-section in the horizontal direction. Method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the smoke protection envelope ( 20 ) in the immediate vicinity of the object to be protected ( 10 ) is produced. Method according to one of Claims 15 or 16, characterized in that the smoke protection envelope ( 20 ) at a distance from the object to be protected ( 10 ) is generated, so that between the fog protection cover ( 20 ) and the object to be protected ( 10 ) creates a free space Δ r. Method according to one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that a smoke protection envelope ( 20 ) _having a height H which corresponds to the height h _{obj of} the object plus an additional height Δ h which depends on the selected clearance Δ r and an assumed maximum approach angle β of a flying object ( 40 ). Method according to one of Claims 15 to 18, characterized in that the smoke protection envelope ( 20 ) is generated exactly once for a required total protection period. Method according to one of Claims 15 to 19, characterized in that, in order to achieve a required total protection period, a protective mist cover ( 20 ) is generated at least twice in succession at intervals. Method according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterized that this Generating the fog protection cover is started manually. Method according to one of Claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the generation of the protective cover ( 20 ) is started automatically by a sensor device. Method according to claim 23, characterized that it the sensor device is a radar system.