EP0588015B1 - Camouflage method and material and its application - Google Patents
Camouflage method and material and its application Download PDFInfo
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- EP0588015B1 EP0588015B1 EP93111388A EP93111388A EP0588015B1 EP 0588015 B1 EP0588015 B1 EP 0588015B1 EP 93111388 A EP93111388 A EP 93111388A EP 93111388 A EP93111388 A EP 93111388A EP 0588015 B1 EP0588015 B1 EP 0588015B1
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- camouflage
- particles
- tank
- imaging device
- thermal imaging
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F41—WEAPONS
- F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
- F41H9/00—Equipment for attack or defence by spreading flame, gas or smoke or leurres; Chemical warfare equipment
Definitions
- the invention relates to a camouflage method for protecting a military object equipped with a thermal imaging device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a camouflage particle for carrying it out.
- This preamble is disclosed in DE-C-2 359 758.
- camouflage mist is known from DE 30 12 405 A1, which contains particles of red phosphorus, which are burned off and thus emit strong infrared radiation which outshines the thermal image of the object to be protected on the thermal imaging device of the object to be protected.
- the crew of the tank B fires an infrared-effective mist in the close range, ie creates a camouflage wall with infrared rays absorbing or emitting particles at a distance of, for example, 50 m.
- This camouflage measure considerably impairs the view of the tank A, ie the infrared signature of the tank B can no longer be seen on the thermal imaging device of the tank A, but the visibility of the tank B is impaired to the same extent, ie the infrared signature of the attacking tank A is also no longer visible on the thermal imaging device of the tank B.
- the impairment for Panzer B is even greater than the impairment for Panzer A due to the viewing angle covered by the camouflage wall; on the drawing is the viewing angle of the thermal imager of tank A with ⁇ , that of the thermal imager of tank B with ⁇ .
- Claim 2 characterizes advantageous developments of the camouflage method according to the invention.
- camouflage particle according to the invention is the subject of claims 3 and 4.
- the tank B of FIG. 1 is in the situation already described, ie if a tank A is attacking 2000 m away, the tank B creates a camouflage wall T effective against infrared radiation at a distance of about 50 m large-area particles of an infrared radiation area of, for example, 1 cm are used, which are distributed discretely, such that the distribution density is between 10 and 30 particles per m of the camouflage wall area.
- the camouflage wall can be produced in a known manner, for example by a launcher unit located on the tank B, which shoots a missile filled with pyrotechnic active particles, the central disassembly charge of which after a missile flight of about 50 m, the active bodies at a predetermined height above the ground ejects already ignited active particles and distributes them.
- the throwing body can be a cylindrical active mass container with a length of 150 mm and a diameter of 76 mm. Phosphorus-coated paper strips or segments with a total area of about 4 to 10 cm are suitable as pyrotechnic active particles.
- an oxidizing agent e.g. 5 to 30% copper oxide
- a metal powder e.g.
- both the burn-up temperature and the burn-up rate are increased, the temperature above 600 ° C. and the area actually radiating during the entire burn-up should be approximately 1 cm.
- other active particles such as nitrocellulose strips or very coarsely granulated pyrotechnic compositions, can also be used.
- each pixel covers a comparatively large area of the camouflage wall, for example an area of at least 50 x 50 cm, with the result that at least one burning and thus infrared radiation-emitting camouflage particle is present in each of these areas 11 is located.
- Each pixel of the thermal imaging device of the tank B thus receives the infrared radiation of at least one camouflage particle, and this infrared radiation is so strong at the temperature of the particles above 600 ° C that the pixel is "outshone" with it;
- the thermal image of the tank B located behind the camouflage wall T can therefore no longer be seen on the image area of the thermal imaging device of the tank A.
- the situation on the image area of the thermal imaging device of the tank B is completely different, this situation being illustrated in FIG. 2B.
- these few “imperfections” are unable to significantly influence the thermal image of the device, ie the thermal imaging device of the tank B looks through the camouflage wall T.
- the crew of tank B now has the option of keeping the influence of the camouflage wall on their own thermal imaging device as small as possible.
- One possibility is to dazzle the device optics strongly, which achieves a large depth of field, and to focus so that both the tank A and the camouflage wall T are still in the depth of field.
- FIG. 3A in which the diaphragm is denoted by 12, the optics by 13 and the focal plane and thus the plane of the image of the thermal imaging device of the tank B by 14.
- Both the armor A and the camouflage particles 11 are thus imaged sharply on the image plane 14, ie the enemy armor A is clearly recognizable and there are only a few interference points due to overexposed pixels (FIG. 2B).
- a further improvement in the thermal image can be achieved by electronic measures, for example by using digital image processing using suitable real-time algorithms such as median filtering, window suppression, correlation and the like. It is also possible to invert the signals emitted by the overexposed pixels, so that instead of the white missing points, less disturbing black missing points occur in the thermal image.
- the second of the two possibilities mentioned is to open the aperture of the optics of the thermal imaging device of the tank B as far as possible, with the result of a small depth of field, and to focus the optics on the tank A.
- the thermal image of the tank A is thus shown sharply, whereas the camouflage particles are out of focus and are therefore much larger.
- the thermal image is therefore slightly “brightened up” or covered with a light gray veil without, however, covering up the sharp image of the enemy tank A.
- digital image evaluation can provide a high-contrast image of the A tank.
- This second option is to be preferred if the distance from tank B to camouflage wall T is very short, about 30 m, and very large, over 2000 m to enemy tank A, so that the device optics can no longer be dimmed so much, that camouflage wall T and tank A fall into the depth of field.
- camouflage particles can also be blown using gas generators or applied using pyrotechnic spray mechanisms.
- the above-mentioned paper strips coated with fire mass are advantageous because they have a comparatively low sinking speed, approximately less than 2 m / sec; in the event of higher sinking speeds or the need for longer camouflage times, the camouflage wall must be maintained by firing further missiles.
- red phosphorus as a fire mass also the advantage of smoke formation, i.e. camouflage in the visible spectral range.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
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- Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Tarnverfahren zum Schützen eines mit einem Wärmebildgerät ausgerüsteten militärischen Objekts nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 sowie ein Tarnpartikel zu dessen Durchführung. Dieser Oberbegriff ist im DE-C-2 359 758 offenbart.The invention relates to a camouflage method for protecting a military object equipped with a thermal imaging device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a camouflage particle for carrying it out. This preamble is disclosed in DE-C-2 359 758.
Künstliche Nebel stellen eine wichtige Maßnahme zur Tarnung militärischer Zeile dar. Die in jüngster Zeit erfolgte Realisierung und der Einsatz von leistungsfähigen Wärmebildgeräten, etwa bei Panzern, führte jedoch dazu, daß die bis dahin ausschließlich auf den sichtbaren Spektralbereich abgestellten künstlichen Nebel keine ausreichende Tarnwirkung mehr gewährleisten. Es wurden deshalb neue Tarnnebel entwickelt, die auch im infraroten Spektrum wirksam sind. So offenbart die DE 31 47 850 einen Breitband-Tarnnebel, der aus im sichtbaren und infraroten Spektralbereich absorbierenden pulver- oder tröpfchenförmigen Nebelstoffen besteht. Weiterhin ist aus der DE 30 12 405 A1 ein Tarnnebel bekannt, der Partikel aus rotem Phosphor enthält, die abgebrannt werden und somit eine starke Infrarotstrahlung emittieren, die auf dem Wärmebildgerät des angreifenden Objekts das Wärmebild des zu schützenden Objekts überstrahlt.Artificial nebulae represent an important measure for camouflaging military lines. However, the recent implementation and the use of powerful thermal imaging devices, for example in tanks, meant that the artificial nebulae, which until then had only focused on the visible spectral range, no longer guaranteed sufficient camouflage . New camouflage mists have therefore been developed which are also effective in the infrared spectrum. For example, DE 31 47 850 discloses a broadband camouflage fog, which consists of visible and infrared Spectral range absorbing powder or droplet-shaped fog substances. Furthermore, a camouflage mist is known from DE 30 12 405 A1, which contains particles of red phosphorus, which are burned off and thus emit strong infrared radiation which outshines the thermal image of the object to be protected on the thermal imaging device of the object to be protected.
Diesen bekannten Infrarot-Tarnnebeln ist jedoch, ob sie nun Infrarotstrahlen absorbierende oder emittierende Partikel aufweisen, der Nachteil gemeinsam, daß durch den eingesetzten Tarnnebel nicht nur die Sicht des Angreifers sondern auch, und zwar zumindest im gleichen Maße, die eigene Sicht desjenigen, der den Tarnnebel erzeugt hat, beeinträchtigt wird. In Fig. 1 ist eine typische derartige Situation skizziert. Dabei ist mit A ein angreifender Panzer bezeichnet. Es soll nun angenommen werden, daß der Richtschütze des Panzers A den Panzer B in einer typischen Entfernung von 2000 m mit seinem Wärmebildgerät erfaßt hat und Maßnahmen zu dessen Bekämpfung einleitet. Um dieser Bedrohung zu entgehen, verschießt die Besatzung des Panzers B im Nahbereich einen infrarotwirksamen Nebel, d.h., erzeugt in einer Entfernung von beispielsweise 50 m eine Tarnwand mit Infrarotstrahlen absorbierenden oder emittierenden Partikeln. Durch diese Tarnmaßnahme wird zwar die Sicht für den Panzer A beträchtlich beeinträchtigt, d.h., die Infrarot-Signatur des Panzers B ist auf dem Wärmebildgerät des Panzers A nicht mehr zu erkennen, jedoch wird damit die Sicht des Panzers B im gleichen Maße beeinträchtigt, d.h., auf dem Wärmebildgerät des Panzers B ist die Infrarot-Signatur des angreifenden Panzers A ebenfalls nicht mehr zu sehen. Insgesamt ist die Beeinträchtigung für den Panzer B aufgrund des durch die Tarnwand abgedeckten Sichtwinkels sogar größer als die Beeinträchtigung für den Panzer A; auf der Zeichnung ist der Sichtwinkel des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers A mit α, derjenige des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B mit β bezeichnet.These known infrared camouflage nebulas, however, whether they have infrared rays absorbing or emitting particles, have the disadvantage in common that not only the attacker's view but also, and at least to the same extent, the individual's view of the person using the camouflage mist Camouflage fog has been affected. A typical situation of this type is outlined in FIG. 1. A is an attacking tank. It should now be assumed that the gunner of tank A has captured tank B at a typical distance of 2000 m with his thermal imaging device and is taking measures to combat it. In order to avoid this threat, the crew of the tank B fires an infrared-effective mist in the close range, ie creates a camouflage wall with infrared rays absorbing or emitting particles at a distance of, for example, 50 m. This camouflage measure considerably impairs the view of the tank A, ie the infrared signature of the tank B can no longer be seen on the thermal imaging device of the tank A, but the visibility of the tank B is impaired to the same extent, ie the infrared signature of the attacking tank A is also no longer visible on the thermal imaging device of the tank B. Overall, the impairment for Panzer B is even greater than the impairment for Panzer A due to the viewing angle covered by the camouflage wall; on the drawing is the viewing angle of the thermal imager of tank A with α, that of the thermal imager of tank B with β.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es deshalb, die bekannten Infrarot-Tarnverfahren und die zum Aufbau einer Infrarot-Tarnwand dienenden Partikel so zu verbessern, daß unter Beibehaltung einer ausreichenden Tarnwirkung das eigene Wärmebildgerät nicht oder nur unwesentlich gestört wird; mit anderen Worten, es wird eine Tarnmaßnahme angestrebt, bei der die erzeugte Infrarot-Tarnwand für Wärmebildgeräte von der feindlichen Seite her möglichst undurchsichtig, von der eigenen Seite her möglichst durchsichtig ist.It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve the known infrared camouflage processes and the particles used to build up an infrared camouflage wall in such a way that, while maintaining a sufficient camouflage effect, one's own thermal imaging device is not or only insignificantly disturbed; in other words, a camouflage measure is sought in which the infrared camouflage wall generated for thermal imaging devices is as opaque as possible from the enemy side, and as transparent as possible from its own side.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe beim erfindungsgemäßen Tarnverfahren durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruches 1 genannten Merkmale gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved in the camouflage method according to the invention by the features mentioned in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.
Der Patentanspruch 2 kennzeichnet vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen des erfindungsgemäßen Tarnverfahrens.Claim 2 characterizes advantageous developments of the camouflage method according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Tarnpartikel ist Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 3 und 4.The camouflage particle according to the invention is the subject of claims 3 and 4.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- eine Skizze einer Gefechtssituation, wie sie in der Praxis häufig vorkommt,
- Fig. 2A und 2B
- Darstellungen der Abbildungen von Tarnwandpartikeln auf der Bildfläche des Wärmebildgeräts des feindlichen Objekts (2A) bzw. des zu schützenden Objekts (2B) und
- Fig. 3A und 3B
- Skizzen zur Erläuterung von zwei möglichen Arten von Einstellungen der Optik des Wärmebildgeräts des zu schützenden Objekts.
- Fig. 1
- a sketch of a combat situation like it occurs frequently in practice,
- 2A and 2B
- Representations of the images of camouflage wall particles on the image surface of the thermal imaging device of the enemy object (2A) or of the object to be protected (2B) and
- 3A and 3B
- Sketches to explain two possible types of settings for the optics of the thermal imager of the object to be protected.
Befindet sich der Panzer B von Fig. 1 in der bereits beschriebenen Situation, wird also von einem 2000 m entfernten Panzer A angegriffen, dann erstellt der Panzer B in einer Entfernung von etwa 50 m eine gegenüber Infrarotstrahlung wirksame Tarnwand T. Für diese Tarnwand werden vergleichsweise großflächige Partikel einer Infrarot-Strahlungsfläche von beispielsweise 1 cm verwendet, die diskret verteilt werden, derart, daß die Verteilungsdichte zwischen 10 und 30 Partikeln pro m der Tarnwandfläche beträgt. Die Erzeugung der Tarnwand kann auf bekannte Weise erfolgen, etwa durch eine am Panzer B befindliche Werfereinheit, die einen mit pyrotechnischen Wirkteilchen gefüllten Wurfkörper verschießt, dessen zentrale Zerlegerladung nach einem Flug des Wurfkörpers von etwa 50 m die Wirkkörper in einer vorgegebenen Höhe über dem Erdboden die bereits angezündeten Wirkpartikel ausstößt und verteilt. Der Wurfkörper kann ein zylindrischer Wirkmassenbehälter einer Länge von 150 mm und eines Durchmessers von 76 mm sein. Als pyrotechnische Wirkpartikel eignen sich phosphorbeschichtete Papierstreifen oder -segmente mit einer Gesamtfläche von etwa 4 bis 10 cm. Durch Hinzufügen eines Oxidationsmittels, beispielsweise 5 bis 30 % Kupferoxid, und eines Metallpulvers, beispielsweise 5 bis 20 % Magnesiumpulver, wird sowohl die Abbrandtemperatur als auch die Abbrandgeschwindigkeit erhöht, wobei die Temperatur über 600°C und die während des gesamten Abbrands jeweils tatsächlich strahlende Fläche etwa 1 cm betragen soll. Anstelle der phosphorbeschichteten Papierstreifen können auch andere Wirkpartikel, wie z.B. Nitrozellulosestreifen oder sehr grob granulierte pyrotechnische Sätze verwendet werden.If the tank B of FIG. 1 is in the situation already described, ie if a tank A is attacking 2000 m away, the tank B creates a camouflage wall T effective against infrared radiation at a distance of about 50 m large-area particles of an infrared radiation area of, for example, 1 cm are used, which are distributed discretely, such that the distribution density is between 10 and 30 particles per m of the camouflage wall area. The camouflage wall can be produced in a known manner, for example by a launcher unit located on the tank B, which shoots a missile filled with pyrotechnic active particles, the central disassembly charge of which after a missile flight of about 50 m, the active bodies at a predetermined height above the ground ejects already ignited active particles and distributes them. The throwing body can be a cylindrical active mass container with a length of 150 mm and a diameter of 76 mm. Phosphorus-coated paper strips or segments with a total area of about 4 to 10 cm are suitable as pyrotechnic active particles. By adding an oxidizing agent, e.g. 5 to 30% copper oxide, and a metal powder, e.g. 5 to 20% Magnesium powder, both the burn-up temperature and the burn-up rate are increased, the temperature above 600 ° C. and the area actually radiating during the entire burn-up should be approximately 1 cm. Instead of the phosphor-coated paper strips, other active particles, such as nitrocellulose strips or very coarsely granulated pyrotechnic compositions, can also be used.
Anhand der Fig. 2A und 2B soll nun erläutert werden, wie die beschriebene Tarnwand bzw. die die Tarnwand bildenden heißen Partikel die Wärmebildgeräte der beiden Panzer A und B beeinflussen. In Fig. 2A sollen die mit 10 bezeichneten Quadrate Bereiche der Tarnwand T darstellen, deren jeder von jeweils einem Pixel der Bildfläche des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers A erfaßt wird. Aufgrund der großen Entfernung von 1950 m zwischen Tarnwand und Panzer A erfaßt jedes Pixel einen vergleichsweise großen Flächenbereich der Tarnwand, beispielsweise einen Bereich von zumindest 50 · 50 cm, mit der Folge, daß sich in jedem dieser Bereiche zumindest ein abbrennendes und damit Infrarotstrahlen emittierendes Tarnpartikel 11 befindet. Jedes Pixel des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B empfängt also die Infrarotstrahlung zumindest eines Tarnpartikels, und diese Infrarotstrahlung ist bei der über 600°C liegenden Temperatur der Partikel so stark, daß damit das Pixel "überstrahlt" wird; auf der Bildfläche des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers A ist somit das Wärmebild des hinter der Tarnwand T befindlichen Panzers B nicht mehr zu erkennen. Völlig anders ist die Situation auf der Bildfläche des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B, wobei diese Situation in Fig. 2B dargestellt ist. Aufgrund der kurzen Entfernung von nur 50 m zwischen Tarnwand T und Wärmebildgerät des Panzers B erfaßt jedes Pixel nur einen sehr kleinen Bereich der Tarnwandfläche; bei dem gewählten Beispiel (1950 m/50 m) ist der von einem Pixel des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B erfaßte Bereich um etwa den Faktor 40 x 40 = 1600 kleiner als der von einem Pixel des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers A erfaßte Bereich. Dies bedeutet aber, daß nur ein geringer Prozentsatz der Pixel der Gesamtbildfläche des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B einen Tarnwandbereich mit strahlendem Tarnpartikel erfaßt und damit überstrahlt wird. Diese wenigen "Fehlstellen" vermögen aber das Wärmebild des Geräts nicht wesentlich zu beeinflussen, d.h., das Wärmebildgerät des Panzers B sieht durch die Tarnwand T hindurch.2A and 2B will now be used to explain how the camouflage wall described or the hot particles forming the camouflage wall influence the thermal imaging devices of the two tanks A and B. In FIG. 2A, the squares denoted by 10 are intended to represent regions of the camouflage wall T, each of which is covered by one pixel of the image area of the thermal imaging device of the tank A. Due to the large distance of 1950 m between the camouflage wall and Panzer A, each pixel covers a comparatively large area of the camouflage wall, for example an area of at least 50 x 50 cm, with the result that at least one burning and thus infrared radiation-emitting camouflage particle is present in each of these
Die Besatzung des Panzers B hat nun die Möglichkeit, den Einfluß der Tarnwand auf ihr eigenes Wärmebildgerät möglichst klein zu halten. Die eine Möglichkeit besteht darin, die Geräteoptik stark abzublenden, womit eine große Tiefenschärfe erreicht wird, und so zu fokussieren, daß sowohl der Panzer A als auch die Tarnwand T - noch - im Tiefenschärfebereich liegen. Verdeutlicht ist dies in Fig. 3A, in der mit 12 die Blende, mit 13 die Optik und mit 14 die Brennebene und damit Bildebene des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B bezeichnet ist. Auf der Bildebene 14 werden somit sowohl der Panzer A als auch die Tarnpartikel 11 scharf abgebildet, d.h., der feindliche Panzer A ist klar erkennbar, und es kommt nur zu wenigen Störpunkten aufgrund überstrahlter Pixel (Fig. 2B). Eine weitere Verbesserung des Wärmebildes kann durch elektronische Maßnahmen erreicht werden, etwa durch Einsatz digitaler Bildverarbeitung unter Verwendung geeigneter Echtzeit-Algorithmen wie Median-Filterung, Fensterausblendung, Korrelation und dergleichen. Auch ist es möglich, die von den überstrahlten Pixeln abgegebenen Signale zu invertieren, womit anstelle der weißen Fehlpunkte weniger störende schwarze Fehlpunkte im Wärmebild auftreten.The crew of tank B now has the option of keeping the influence of the camouflage wall on their own thermal imaging device as small as possible. One possibility is to dazzle the device optics strongly, which achieves a large depth of field, and to focus so that both the tank A and the camouflage wall T are still in the depth of field. This is illustrated in FIG. 3A, in which the diaphragm is denoted by 12, the optics by 13 and the focal plane and thus the plane of the image of the thermal imaging device of the tank B by 14. Both the armor A and the
Die zweite der erwähnten beiden Möglichkeiten besteht darin, die Blende der Optik des Wärmebildgeräts des Panzers B möglichst weit zu öffnen, mit der Folge einer kleinen Tiefenschärfe, und die Optik auf den Panzer A zu fokussieren. Das Wärmebild des Panzers A wird damit scharf abgebildet, wohingegen die Tarnpartikel unscharf und damit wesentlich größer sind. Auf diese Weise werden zwar beträchtlich mehr Pixel des Geräts des Panzers B von den Tarnpartikeln "bestrahlt", jedoch ist die Bestrahlungsenergie infolge der Unschärfe äußerst gering; das Wärmebild wird also im ganzen leicht "aufgehellt" bzw. mit einem leichten Grauschleier bedeckt, ohne dabei jedoch die scharfe Abbildung des feindlichen Panzers A zu überdecken. Auch hier vermag eine digitale Bildauswertung für ein kontrastreiches Bild des Panzers A zu sorgen. Zu bevorzugen ist diese zweite Möglichkeit dann, wenn die Entfernung vom Panzer B zur Tarnwand T sehr kurz, etwa unter 30 m, und zum feindlichen Panzer A sehr groß, über 2000 m, ist, die Geräteoptik also nicht mehr so stark abgeblendet werden kann, daß Tarnwand T und Panzer A in den Tiefenschärfebereich fallen.The second of the two possibilities mentioned is to open the aperture of the optics of the thermal imaging device of the tank B as far as possible, with the result of a small depth of field, and to focus the optics on the tank A. The thermal image of the tank A is thus shown sharply, whereas the camouflage particles are out of focus and are therefore much larger. In this way, considerably more pixels of the tank B device are "irradiated" by the camouflage particles, but the radiation energy is extremely low due to the blurring; the thermal image is therefore slightly "brightened up" or covered with a light gray veil without, however, covering up the sharp image of the enemy tank A. Here, too, digital image evaluation can provide a high-contrast image of the A tank. This second option is to be preferred if the distance from tank B to camouflage wall T is very short, about 30 m, and very large, over 2000 m to enemy tank A, so that the device optics can no longer be dimmed so much, that camouflage wall T and tank A fall into the depth of field.
Selbstverständlich kann das beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel zahlreiche Abwandlungen erfahren, ohne den Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Ausbildung und Verteilung der Tarnpartikel. So können beispielsweise wirksame Tarnpartikel auch mittels Gasgeneratoren verblasen oder mittels pyrotechnischer Sprühmechanismen ausgebracht werden. Die erwähnten, mit Brandmasse beschichteten Papierstreifen sind deshalb von Vorteil, weil sie eine vergleichsweise geringe Sinkgeschwindigkeit, etwa weniger als 2 m/sec, aufweisen; bei höheren Sinkgeschwindigkeiten oder der Erfordernis längerer Tarnzeiten, ist die Tarnwand durch das Verschießen weiterer Wurfkörper aufrechtzuerhalten. Roter Phosphor als Brandmasse erbringt außerdem noch den Vorteil einer Rauchbildung, also einer Tarnung auch im sichtbaren Spektralbereich. Freilich ist es auch möglich, in den die Infrarot-Tarnpartikel beinhaltenden Wurfkörper zusätzlich übliche Nebelsätze für den sichtbaren Spektralbereich und Tarnsätze für den Radarbereich unterzubringen, um so eine kombinierte Tarnwirkung zu erreichen.Of course, the exemplary embodiment described can undergo numerous modifications without departing from the scope of the invention. This applies in particular to the formation and distribution of the camouflage particles. For example, effective camouflage particles can also be blown using gas generators or applied using pyrotechnic spray mechanisms. The above-mentioned paper strips coated with fire mass are advantageous because they have a comparatively low sinking speed, approximately less than 2 m / sec; in the event of higher sinking speeds or the need for longer camouflage times, the camouflage wall must be maintained by firing further missiles. Provides red phosphorus as a fire mass also the advantage of smoke formation, i.e. camouflage in the visible spectral range. Of course, it is also possible to accommodate conventional mist sets for the visible spectral range and camouflage sets for the radar range in the throwing body containing the infrared camouflage particles in order to achieve a combined camouflage effect.
Claims (4)
- A camouflage process for protecting a military object, preferably an armoured vehicle, equipped with a thermal imaging device, against a hostile military target, more particularly an armoured vehicle, also equipped with a thermal imaging device, wherein the object to be protected produces a camouflage screen consisting of particles emitting infrared radiation at a distance from the article to be protected which is less by at least one power of 10 than the distance from the hostile target, characterised in that the camouflage screen consists of large-area particles which are distributed individually, as compared with smoke substances in powder or droplet form, and which have a radiating area between 1 and 4 cm, burn at a temperature above 600° C and emit infrared rays, and in that the distribution density of the particles is 10 to 30 particles/m of the camouflage screen area.
- A camouflage process according to claim 1, characterised in that the thermal image of the thermal imaging device of the object for protection is given electronic processing, more particularly digital image processing with relevant evaluation algorithms.
- A camouflage particle for practice of the process of any of the previous claims, characterised in that it consists of a paper strip or segment having an area of from 4 to 10 cm and a combustible layer on such strip or segment, the rate of fall in air being adjusted to < 2 m/sec.
- A camouflage particle according to claim 3, characterised in that the combustible layer consists of from 5 to 30% copper oxide and 5 to 20% of magnesium powder, the remainder being red phosphorus.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4230826A DE4230826C1 (en) | 1992-09-15 | 1992-09-15 | Camouflage method for protecting a military object and camouflage particles for its implementation |
| DE4230826 | 1992-09-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0588015A1 EP0588015A1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
| EP0588015B1 true EP0588015B1 (en) | 1996-01-03 |
Family
ID=6467996
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93111388A Expired - Lifetime EP0588015B1 (en) | 1992-09-15 | 1993-07-15 | Camouflage method and material and its application |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5401976A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0588015B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2103740C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4230826C1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2082561T3 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010036026A1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Smoke screen effectiveness determining device for protecting e.g. military platform, has measuring sensor system connected with data processing unit, and data processing algorithms provided for analysis of effectiveness of smoke screen |
| WO2012028257A1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-08 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud |
| DE102011106201A1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Device for producing multi-spectral fog walls and/or fog clouds for protection of e.g. land vehicle from threat, has sensor connected with computer, where fog walls/clouds are stabilized/expanded during evaluation of information in computer |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2930984A1 (en) * | 1994-03-15 | 2009-11-13 | Poudres Et Explosifs Snpe Sa S | METHOD AND AMMUNITION OF COUNTER-MEASUREMENT BY UNIDIRECTIONAL VISION SCREEN |
| DE19601506C2 (en) * | 1996-01-17 | 2000-05-18 | Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh | Method and device for generating a visual barrier using an artificial fog |
| SE507084C2 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1998-03-30 | Foersvarets Forskningsanstalt | Ways of spreading liquid mist |
| EP1104387A4 (en) * | 1998-08-15 | 2003-05-28 | Delta Thermal Systems Inc | Method of reducing infrared viewability of objects |
| DE19910074B4 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 2005-02-10 | Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh | Launcher for shooting a plurality of active bodies as well as litter plant using them |
| DE19914033A1 (en) * | 1999-03-27 | 2000-09-28 | Piepenbrock Pyrotechnik Gmbh | Process for generating a camouflage fog that is transparent on one side in the infrared spectral range |
| US6989525B2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2006-01-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Method for using very small particles as obscurants and taggants |
| US7170071B1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2007-01-30 | Broussard Richard D | Infrared emitter |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3975292A (en) * | 1960-06-10 | 1976-08-17 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Method of screening infra-red radiation |
| US3150848A (en) * | 1961-06-28 | 1964-09-29 | Samuel E Lager | Method of decoying a missile from its intended target |
| US4112300A (en) * | 1966-07-18 | 1978-09-05 | International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation | Infrared electronic countermeasures |
| US3444380A (en) * | 1966-10-26 | 1969-05-13 | Nasa | Electronic background suppression method and apparatus for a field scanning sensor |
| DE2359758C1 (en) * | 1973-11-30 | 1988-07-28 | Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke GmbH & Co, 7347 Bad Überkingen | Infrared interference emitters |
| GB1490473A (en) * | 1975-03-29 | 1977-11-02 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Infra-red radiation device |
| DE2619597A1 (en) * | 1976-05-04 | 1977-11-17 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | IGNITION DEVICE FOR INFRARED RADIATOR |
| DE2729055B2 (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-07-12 | Nico-Pyrotechnik Hanns-Juergen Diederichs Kg, 2077 Trittau | Method of creating dense clouds for military purposes |
| DE2930936C1 (en) * | 1979-07-31 | 1985-07-25 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Sham target for the deception of radar and infrared search devices |
| DE3012405A1 (en) * | 1980-03-29 | 1981-10-01 | Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH + Co KG, 6719 Göllheim | COMBINATION FOG |
| DE3022460A1 (en) * | 1980-06-14 | 1981-12-24 | Precitronic Gesellschaft für Feinmechanik und Electronic mbH, 2000 Hamburg | Method for laying smoke screen using carrier projectiles - with first screen laid in close proximity to protected position, and further screens at increasing distances and heights |
| DE3147850C2 (en) * | 1981-12-03 | 1984-06-14 | Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm GmbH, 8000 München | Broadband camouflage nebula |
| FR2583037B1 (en) * | 1985-06-07 | 1987-11-13 | France Etat Armement | EFFICIENT FLOWABLE SMOKING COMPOSITIONS IN INFRARED |
| DD299752A7 (en) * | 1988-04-29 | 1992-05-07 | Silberhuette Pyrotechnik Veb | ELEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE |
| US5093574A (en) * | 1990-12-14 | 1992-03-03 | Honeywell Inc. | Infrared sensor for short range detection wherein the sun may be in the field of view of the detector |
-
1992
- 1992-09-15 DE DE4230826A patent/DE4230826C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-07-15 DE DE59301315T patent/DE59301315D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-15 EP EP93111388A patent/EP0588015B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-15 ES ES93111388T patent/ES2082561T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-10 CA CA002103740A patent/CA2103740C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-15 US US08/121,197 patent/US5401976A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010036026A1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-01 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Smoke screen effectiveness determining device for protecting e.g. military platform, has measuring sensor system connected with data processing unit, and data processing algorithms provided for analysis of effectiveness of smoke screen |
| WO2012028257A1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2012-03-08 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Device and method for producing an effective fog wall or fog cloud |
| DE102011106201A1 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-12-13 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Device for producing multi-spectral fog walls and/or fog clouds for protection of e.g. land vehicle from threat, has sensor connected with computer, where fog walls/clouds are stabilized/expanded during evaluation of information in computer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2103740C (en) | 1997-06-10 |
| DE4230826C1 (en) | 1994-03-03 |
| DE59301315D1 (en) | 1996-02-15 |
| ES2082561T3 (en) | 1996-03-16 |
| CA2103740A1 (en) | 1994-03-16 |
| US5401976A (en) | 1995-03-28 |
| EP0588015A1 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
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