EP1798340A1 - Geoplastics with transponder technology - Google Patents
Geoplastics with transponder technology Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1798340A1 EP1798340A1 EP05027723A EP05027723A EP1798340A1 EP 1798340 A1 EP1798340 A1 EP 1798340A1 EP 05027723 A EP05027723 A EP 05027723A EP 05027723 A EP05027723 A EP 05027723A EP 1798340 A1 EP1798340 A1 EP 1798340A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transponder
- geosynthetics
- material according
- geosynthetic material
- geosynthetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002799 BoPET Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009418 renovation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/16—Reinforcements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0241—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being reinforced earth elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to geosynthetics, such as geotextiles, geocomposite, geogrids (woven, rusted or monolithic tapes) and the like, which are used in the renovation or in the production of asphalt and concrete surfaces or in the production of earth reinforcements use and a function of storage to retrieve and track product, condition and project related data.
- geosynthetics such as geotextiles, geocomposite, geogrids (woven, rusted or monolithic tapes) and the like, which are used in the renovation or in the production of asphalt and concrete surfaces or in the production of earth reinforcements use and a function of storage to retrieve and track product, condition and project related data.
- Geosynthetics used for refurbishment and production of asphalt or concrete surfaces such as road construction, airport runways and the like are known.
- Such geosynthetics consist predominantly of polyolefins, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, their co-polymers or PVA mixtures, as well as polyester and glass. They are used in the form of geotextiles, geocomposite, geogrids and the like.
- the geosynthetics is used in the substructure in the construction of the asphalt or concrete driving surface, in particular for fixing the substrate and for drainage.
- the use of geosynthetics in the asphalt or concrete surface prevents the ingress of rainwater and reduces the bending tension between the ceiling and the substrate. Reflection cracks, as well as the crack propagation in the asphalt or concrete pavement is reduced.
- the use of geosynthetics causes a reinforcement of the entire construction.
- the object of the invention was to provide geosynthetics for use in the rehabilitation or production of asphalt or concrete surfaces, which additionally provide the opportunity to store product-related or condition-related data. This data should also be available.
- the invention therefore relates to geosynthetics, such as geotextiles, geocomposites or geogrids, characterized in that the geosynthetic material has a transponder applied thereto for storing and retrieving product and / or status-related data.
- the geosynthetic material preferably consists of thermoplastics, in particular polyolefins, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, their co-polymers or blends or blends or PVA, of polyester and glass and mixtures thereof.
- polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene, their co-polymers or blends or blends or PVA, of polyester and glass and mixtures thereof.
- nonwovens are used from endless thermoplastic threads.
- the thermoplastic threads are, for example, threads of polypropylene, polyamides or polyester.
- the nonwovens may be mechanically drawn and / or needled or thermally bonded.
- Commercially available products such as products from the Polyfelt® PGM group, Polyfelt TS, Polyfelt Rock PEC, Polyfelt Rock G and the like are particularly suitable, for example.
- the transponders are self-adhesive and at least 2 transponders per roll are applied.
- any data storage can be introduced, which are wireless, that is readable via an air interface.
- passive transponders are used, which have as electronic components an antenna, possibly with voting elements, and compact electronics, for example in the form of a chip.
- the electronics comprise an analogue receiving and transmitting circuit with a downstream digitizer and data processing unit. This relies on a memory that can contain immutable as well as changeable data.
- the electronics are fed with energy from the communication field, which is also picked up by the antenna. This eliminates the need for the passive transponder own battery supply. This has the particular advantage that the transponder consists of a minimum number of components, so that it is inexpensive to produce, robust for the application described here can be configured, ultimately in large numbers for the application described here is available.
- the transponder preferably used therefore comprises a base layer of preferably (but not necessarily) polyester film with thicknesses typically around 50 ⁇ m. Then a structured metallization is applied, which acts as an antenna. On the ends of the antenna is the electronic circuit, in this case a silicon RFID chip contacted. This contacting can be carried out in many ways. Preferably, the "flip-chip” technology is used. The chip is also adhesively bonded mechanically to the antenna structure / base material by means of a liquid or pasty adhesive called “underfiller", whereby the mechanical load capacity is also considerably increased after curing.
- underfiller a liquid or pasty adhesive
- the transponder assembly for the application described herein includes an adhesive beneath the base material and mechanical protection above the antenna / chip structure.
- the mechanical stress of the transponder when using the geosynthetics, as well as the later remaining in the rock are high for the transponder chip. Selective pressures can lead to decocking of the chip from the antenna or chip breakage.
- the mechanical protection has therefore the task to derive the loads over a large area of the chip. In general, rigid enclosures are conceivable. On the other hand, however, speak the elaborate production and the strong application of such transponders. Flat transponder labels are more suitable because they are specially designed for the application described here.
- any type can be used, which firmly bonds the polyester film with the geosynthetic and meets the mechanical and thermal requirements in the processing of geosynthetics.
- Special Adhesive adhesives have proven to be advantageous when contacting the Transponders with the geosynthetics immediately enter a solid bond without further hardening.
- acrylate adhesives come into consideration.
- a special resin modification allows the bonding on the above-mentioned low-energy Geobuchstaffobervid.
- a greater thickness of eg 200 ⁇ m compensates for the textile surface roughness and ensures full-surface bonding. Its suitability over a wide temperature range (eg from -40 ° C to 120 ° C for a short time up to 160 ° C) guarantees bonding in all weathers and also during processing of the geosynthetic material in the asphalting area.
- a further enhancement of the protection of the electronics can be achieved from combinations of this potting protective layer with underlying cover films. It shows that a PET film with a thickness of 50 ⁇ m already represents a good barrier for rock tips penetrating deep into the casting compound.
- An essential factor for the reading range is the antenna surface of an HF transponder. It determines the sensitivity and thus possible Reading distances.
- the latter are used in this application together with larger transponder antennas
- transponders of double credit card format 1 m read distances can be ensured.
- ranges for storage can fall about 10 to 20% to the previous values.
- the specified distances are still sufficient to detect transponders in the middle of asphalt or concrete floors.
- RF transponders have different memory scopes. Common to all is a mostly 8-byte long unique identification number, which is invariably programmed by the chip manufacturer. In addition, depending on the type of chip, users today have an additional 32 to 1024 bytes or more of user memory available.
- Product data and status data are then stored on a transponder. For example, data about the type and amount of geosynthetics and building materials used, layer thicknesses, traffic load, road conditions, climatic conditions, quality indicators and the like can be stored.
- the geosynthetics for the manufacture and / or remediation of damage such as cracks and the like installed in existing asphalt and concrete ceilings.
- the geosynthetics is also used in new constructions.
- a support layer usually a cement-stabilized gravel sanding layer is produced.
- the geosynthetics is laid and optionally applied a binder, or laid the geosynthetic material directly into the binder.
- the application of the new asphalt or concrete pavement can take place.
- the geosynthetic is laid so that between the webs of geosynthetics both an overlap, as well as no overlap occurs.
- the geosynthetics are applied in an analogous manner to the old surfacing, which may optionally be partially removed, and then the new surfacing is applied using the geosynthetic material as described above.
- the data stored on the transponder can now be queried in the course of inspection trips or checks, compared with the data determined during these journeys, and the newly determined data can be stored again on the transponder.
- the abrasion or wear of an asphalt or concrete pavement can be determined as a function of the load and the period of the load.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft Geokunststoffe, wie Geotextilien, Geoverbundstoff, Geogitter (gewebt, geraschelt oder aus monolithischen Bändern) und dergleichen, die bei der Sanierung bzw. bei der Herstellung von Asphalt- und Betonflächen oder bei Herstellung von Erdbewehrungen Verwendung finden und die eine Funktion zur Speicherung zum Abruf und Nachverfolgung von produkt-, zustands- und projektbezogene Daten aufweisen.The invention relates to geosynthetics, such as geotextiles, geocomposite, geogrids (woven, rusted or monolithic tapes) and the like, which are used in the renovation or in the production of asphalt and concrete surfaces or in the production of earth reinforcements use and a function of storage to retrieve and track product, condition and project related data.
Geokunststoffe, die zur Sanierung und zur Herstellung von Asphalt - oder Betonflächen, wie Straßenbauten, Flughafenpisten und dergleichen verwendet werden, sind bekannt.Geosynthetics used for refurbishment and production of asphalt or concrete surfaces such as road construction, airport runways and the like are known.
Derartige Geokunststoffe bestehen vorwiegend aus Polyolefinen, beispielsweise Polypropylen, Polyethylen, deren Co-polymeren oder PVA Mischungen, sowie aus Polyester und Glas.
Sie werden in Form von Geotextilien, Geoverbundstoff, Geogitter und dergleichen verwendet.Such geosynthetics consist predominantly of polyolefins, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, their co-polymers or PVA mixtures, as well as polyester and glass.
They are used in the form of geotextiles, geocomposite, geogrids and the like.
Der Geokunststoff wird dabei im Unterbau in die Konstruktion der Asphalt oder Betonfahrfläche, insbesondere zur Befestigung des Untergrunds und zur Drainagierung verwendet.
Durch die Verwendung des Geokunststoffs in der Asphalt- oder Betonfläche wird das Eindringen von Niederschlagswasser, verhindert, die Biegezugspannung zwischen Decke und Untergrund wird vermindert. Reflektionsrisse, sowie die Rissfortpflanzung in der Asphalt- oder Betondecke wird vermindert. Die Verwendung des Geokunststoffs bewirkt eine Bewehrung der gesamten Konstruktion.The geosynthetics is used in the substructure in the construction of the asphalt or concrete driving surface, in particular for fixing the substrate and for drainage.
The use of geosynthetics in the asphalt or concrete surface prevents the ingress of rainwater and reduces the bending tension between the ceiling and the substrate. Reflection cracks, as well as the crack propagation in the asphalt or concrete pavement is reduced. The use of geosynthetics causes a reinforcement of the entire construction.
Die Überprüfung des Straßenzustands oder des Zustands des Unterbaus kann jedoch bis her nur durch in Augenscheinnahme oder Entnahme von Probestücken erfolgen.However, verification of the road condition or condition of the substructure can heretofore only be done by eye inspection or removal of specimens.
Aufgabe der Erfindung war es, Geokunststoffe zur Verwendung bei der Sanierung oder Herstellung von Asphalt- oder Betonflächen bereitzustellen, die zusätzlich die Möglichkeit bieten produktbezogene oder zustandsbezogene Daten zu speichern. Diese Daten sollen auch abrufbar sein.The object of the invention was to provide geosynthetics for use in the rehabilitation or production of asphalt or concrete surfaces, which additionally provide the opportunity to store product-related or condition-related data. This data should also be available.
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind daher Geokunststoffe, wie Geotextilien, Geoverbundstoffe oder Geogitter, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Geokunststoff einen darauf applizierten Transponder zur Speicherung und zum Abruf von produkt- und/oder zustandsbezogene Daten aufweist.The invention therefore relates to geosynthetics, such as geotextiles, geocomposites or geogrids, characterized in that the geosynthetic material has a transponder applied thereto for storing and retrieving product and / or status-related data.
Der Geokunststoff besteht dabei vorzugsweise aus Thermoplasten, insbesondere Polyolefine, wie Polypropylen, Polyethylen, deren Co-polymeren oder Mischungen oder Blends oder PVA , aus Polyester und Glas und deren Mischungen.
Vorzugsweise werden Vliese aus endlosen Thermoplastfäden eingesetzt. Die Thermoplastfäden sind beispielsweise Fäden aus Polypropylen, Polyamiden oder Polyester.
Die Vliese können mechanisch verstreckt und/oder vemadelt oder thermisch verfestigt sein.
Besonders geeignet sind beispielsweise handelsübliche Produkte wie Produkte aus der Polyfelt® PGM - Gruppe, Polyfelt TS, Polyfelt Rock PEC, Polyfelt Rock G und dergleichen.The geosynthetic material preferably consists of thermoplastics, in particular polyolefins, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, their co-polymers or blends or blends or PVA, of polyester and glass and mixtures thereof.
Preferably, nonwovens are used from endless thermoplastic threads. The thermoplastic threads are, for example, threads of polypropylene, polyamides or polyester.
The nonwovens may be mechanically drawn and / or needled or thermally bonded.
Commercially available products such as products from the Polyfelt® PGM group, Polyfelt TS, Polyfelt Rock PEC, Polyfelt Rock G and the like are particularly suitable, for example.
Auf diesen Geokunststoff, vorzugsweise auf das Vlies werden nun in definierten Abständen Transponder appliziert.On this geosynthetics, preferably on the nonwoven transponder are now applied at defined intervals.
Die Transponder sind selbstklebend und es werden mindestens 2 Transponder pro Rolle appliziert.The transponders are self-adhesive and at least 2 transponders per roll are applied.
Als Transponder können beliebige Datenspeicher eingebracht werden, die drahtlos, d.h. über eine Luftschnittstelle auslesbar sind. Vorzugsweise werden passive Transponder eingesetzt, die als elektronische Komponenten eine Antenne, ggf. mit Abstimmungselementen, und eine kompakte Elektronik z.B. in Form eines Chips besitzen. Die Elektronik umfasst einen Analog-Empfangs- und -Sendekreis mit nachgeschaltetem Digitalisierer und Datenverarbeitungseinheit. Diese greift auf einen Speicher zurück, der unveränderliche wie veränderliche Daten enthalten kann.
Hierin werden z.B. eine unveränderliche, eindeutige Nummerierung des Transponders, wie auch ggf. zu aktualisierende Informationen über den Straßenzustand abgelegt.As a transponder any data storage can be introduced, which are wireless, that is readable via an air interface. Preferably, passive transponders are used, which have as electronic components an antenna, possibly with voting elements, and compact electronics, for example in the form of a chip. The electronics comprise an analogue receiving and transmitting circuit with a downstream digitizer and data processing unit. This relies on a memory that can contain immutable as well as changeable data.
Herein, for example, a fixed, unique numbering of the transponder, as well as possibly to be updated information about the road conditions stored.
Die Elektronik wird aus dem Kommunikationsfeld mit Energie gespeist, die ebenfalls über die Antenne aufgenommen wird. Damit erübrigt sich beim passiven Transponder eine eigene Batterieversorgung. Das hat insbesondere zum Vorteil, dass der Transponder aus einer minimalen Anzahl von Bauteilen besteht, damit günstig zu produzieren ist, robust für die hier beschrieben Anwendung ausgestaltet werden kann, letztendlich in großer Zahl für die hier beschrieben Anwendung zur Verfügung steht.The electronics are fed with energy from the communication field, which is also picked up by the antenna. This eliminates the need for the passive transponder own battery supply. This has the particular advantage that the transponder consists of a minimum number of components, so that it is inexpensive to produce, robust for the application described here can be configured, ultimately in large numbers for the application described here is available.
Als Kommunikationsfelder kommen alle physikalisch möglichen Felder in Frage, dies sind elektrische oder magnetische Wechselfelder, oder auch elektromagnetische Wellen. Aufgrund der einfachen Bauform bieten sich heute Transponder mit Arbeitsfrequenzen im Hochfrequenzbereich ("HF", z.B. 13,56 MHz) oder im Ultra Hochfrequenz-Bereich (UHF, z.B. um 866 MHz in Europa oder um 916 MHz in USA) an.
Während HF-Transponder heute mit magnetischen Wechselfeldern arbeiten, interagieren UHF-Transponder mit elektromagnetischen Wellen.
Beide Sorten von Transpondem können für die hier beschriebene Anwendung eingesetzt werden.
Bevorzugt sind aber HF-Transponder. Man findet, dass diese erheblich geringer auf äußere Umgebungseinflüsse reagieren und auch in tieferen Asphalt- und Betondecken und insbesondere bei Anwesenheit von Wasser noch gut les- und beschreibbar sind.
Der vorzugsweise verwendete Transponder umfasst daher eine Basisschicht aus vorzugsweise (aber nicht notwendigerweise) Polyester-Folie mit Dicken typisch um 50 µm.
Darauf ist eine strukturierte Metallisierung aufgebracht, die als Antenne fungiert. Auf die Enden der Antenne ist die elektronische Schaltung, in diesem Fall ein Silizium RFID-Chip kontaktiert. Diese Kontaktierung kann vielfältig ausgeführt werden.
Bevorzugt wird die "Flip-Chip"-Technologie eingesetzt. Dabei wird der Chip auch durch einen als "underfiller" bezeichneten, flüssigen oder pastösen Klebstoff mechanisch auf der Antennenstruktur / Basismaterial verklebt, wodurch nach dem Aushärten auch die mechanische Belastbarkeit erheblich gesteigert wird.As communication fields all physically possible fields come into question, these are electrical or magnetic alternating fields, or electromagnetic waves. Due to their simple design, today transponders with operating frequencies in the high frequency range ("HF", eg 13.56 MHz) or in the ultra high frequency range (UHF, eg around 866 MHz in Europe or around 916 MHz in the USA) are available.
While RF transponders today use magnetic alternating fields, UHF transponders interact with electromagnetic waves.
Both types of transponders can be used for the application described here.
However, HF transponders are preferred. One finds that these are significant react less on external environmental influences and even in deeper asphalt and concrete ceilings and especially in the presence of water are still easy to read and writeable.
The transponder preferably used therefore comprises a base layer of preferably (but not necessarily) polyester film with thicknesses typically around 50 μm.
Then a structured metallization is applied, which acts as an antenna. On the ends of the antenna is the electronic circuit, in this case a silicon RFID chip contacted. This contacting can be carried out in many ways.
Preferably, the "flip-chip" technology is used. The chip is also adhesively bonded mechanically to the antenna structure / base material by means of a liquid or pasty adhesive called "underfiller", whereby the mechanical load capacity is also considerably increased after curing.
Der Transponder-Aufbau für die hier beschriebene Anwendung umfasst einen Klebstoff unterhalb des Basismaterials und einen mechanischen Schutz oberhalb der Antennen / Chip-Struktur. Die mechanische Belastung des Transponders bei der Anwendung der Geokunststoffe, wie auch beim späteren Verbleib im Gestein sind für den Transponderchip hoch. Punktuelle Drücke können zur Dekontaktierung des Chips von der Antenne oder zum Chip-Bruch führen. Der mechanische Schutz hat daher zur Aufgabe, die Belastungen großflächig vom Chip abzuleiten. Generell sind rigide Gehäuse denkbar. Dagegen sprechen aber die aufwendige Herstellung und das starke Auftragen solcher Transponder. Besser geeignet sind flache Transponder-Etiketten, da sie speziell für die hier beschriebene Anwendung konzipiert sind.The transponder assembly for the application described herein includes an adhesive beneath the base material and mechanical protection above the antenna / chip structure. The mechanical stress of the transponder when using the geosynthetics, as well as the later remaining in the rock are high for the transponder chip. Selective pressures can lead to decocking of the chip from the antenna or chip breakage. The mechanical protection has therefore the task to derive the loads over a large area of the chip. In general, rigid enclosures are conceivable. On the other hand, however, speak the elaborate production and the strong application of such transponders. Flat transponder labels are more suitable because they are specially designed for the application described here.
Als Klebstoff kann jede Art eingesetzt werden, die die Polyesterfolie fest mit dem Geokunststoff verbindet und die mechanischen und thermischen Anforderungen bei der Verarbeitung der Geokunststoffe erfüllt. Als vorteilhaft haben sich Spezial-Adhesiv-Klebstoffe erwiesen, die bei Kontakt des Transponders mit dem Geokunststoff sofort eine feste Klebverbindung ohne weitere Härtung eingehen. Hier kommen insbesondere Acrylat-Klebstoffe in Betracht. Eine spezielle Harzmodifikation ermöglicht die Verklebung auf den oben zitierten niederenergetischen Geokunststaffoberflächen. Eine größere Dicke von z.B. 200 µm gleicht die textile Oberflächenrauhigkeit aus und sichert eine vollflächige Verklebung. Eine Eignung über einen weiten Temperaturbereich (z.B. von -40°C bis 120°C kurzzeitig bis 160°C) garantiert die Verklebung bei allen Witterungen und auch bei der Verarbeitung des Geokunststoffes im Asphaltierbereich.As an adhesive, any type can be used, which firmly bonds the polyester film with the geosynthetic and meets the mechanical and thermal requirements in the processing of geosynthetics. Special Adhesive adhesives have proven to be advantageous when contacting the Transponders with the geosynthetics immediately enter a solid bond without further hardening. In particular, acrylate adhesives come into consideration. A special resin modification allows the bonding on the above-mentioned low-energy Geokunststaffoberflächen. A greater thickness of eg 200 μm compensates for the textile surface roughness and ensures full-surface bonding. Its suitability over a wide temperature range (eg from -40 ° C to 120 ° C for a short time up to 160 ° C) guarantees bonding in all weathers and also during processing of the geosynthetic material in the asphalting area.
Für einen mechanischen Schutz kommen dickere Folienlagen in Betracht. Weiterhin hat überraschenderweise ein Kunststoff-Überguss die besten Resultate ergeben. Dabei zeigten Vergüsse mit einer mittleren Härte die sicherste Abdeckung. Der Überguss, z.B. aus Polyurethan, gleicht die punktförmigen Unebenheiten der belastenden Gesteinsschichten aus. Kräfte, die von einzelnen Gesteinsspitzen ausgehen und die den Chip durch punktuelles Einwirken mit einem sehr hohen Druck beaufschlagen und zerstören können, werden durch ein Benetzen mit der Gussschicht großflächig aufgefangen und gleichmäßig flächig auf den Transponder verteilt.
Eine somit allseitig auf den Chip wirkende Kraft zerstört diesen auch nicht bei der Verdichtung der Asphaltdecke. Als besonders geeignet haben sich Vergussdicken von 1 - 3 mm ergeben, die dann im Wesentlichen die GesamtDicke des Transponders bestimmen.For a mechanical protection thicker foil layers are considered. Furthermore, surprisingly, a plastic overflow has given the best results. Here grouts with a medium hardness showed the safest cover. The overflow, eg of polyurethane, compensates for the point-like unevenness of the incrusting rock layers. Forces, which emanate from individual rock peaks and which can act on the chip by punctiform exposure to a very high pressure and destroy, are collected over a large area by wetting with the casting layer and evenly distributed on the transponder.
A force acting on the chip on all sides does not destroy it during the compaction of the asphalt surface. Casting thicknesses of 1 to 3 mm have proven particularly suitable, which then essentially determine the overall thickness of the transponder.
Eine weitere Verstärkung des Schutzes der Elektronik lassen sich aus Kombinationen dieser Verguss-Schutzschicht mit darunter liegenden Abdeckfolien erreichen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass eine PET-Folie mit 50 µm Dicke bereits eine gute Barriere für tief in die Vergussmasse eindringende Gesteinspitzen darstellt.A further enhancement of the protection of the electronics can be achieved from combinations of this potting protective layer with underlying cover films. It shows that a PET film with a thickness of 50 μm already represents a good barrier for rock tips penetrating deep into the casting compound.
Eine wesentliche Größe für die Lesereichweite ist die Antennenfläche eines HF-Transponders. Sie bestimmt die Empfindlichkeit und damit auch möglichen Lesedistanzen. Daneben muss noch zwischen eher kurzreichweitigen Transponder-Chips für Geldkarten- oder Sicherheitsanwendungen und langreichweitigen Transponder-Chips für Logistik-Anwendungen unterschieden werden. Vorteilhafterweise werden in dieser Anwendung letztere zusammen mit größeren Transponder-Antennen eingesetztAn essential factor for the reading range is the antenna surface of an HF transponder. It determines the sensitivity and thus possible Reading distances. In addition, a distinction must be made between rather short-range transponder chips for debit card or security applications and long-range transponder chips for logistics applications. Advantageously, the latter are used in this application together with larger transponder antennas
So werden mit Scheckkarten großen Transponder-Antennen und Mid-Range-Lesegeräten Distanzen von bis zu 0,5 Meter und mit Long-Range-Lesegeräten Distanzen bis zu 0,8 Meter überbrückt. Mit Transpondem vom doppelten Scheckkarten-Format können auch 1 m Lesedistanzen sichergestellt werden. Bei der Speicherung wird etwas mehr Energie im Transponder benötigt, weshalb die Reichweiten für Speicherungen etwa 10 bis 20 % zu den vorangegangenen Werten abfallen können. Die angegebenen Distanzen reichen dann aber immer noch aus, Tranponder inmitten von Asphalt- oder Betondecken zu detektieren.
HF-Transponder weisen unterschiedliche Speicherumfänge auf. Allen gemein ist eine meist 8 Byte lange einzigartige Kennnummer, die vom Chip-Hersteller unveränderlich einprogrammiert wird. Daneben stehen dem Anwender heute je nach Chiptyp weitere 32 bis 1024 Byte oder mehr Nutzerspeicher zur Verfügung.With credit cards, large transponder antennas and mid-range readers are used to bridge distances of up to 0.5 meters and with long-range readers, distances of up to 0.8 meters are bridged. With transponders of double credit card format, 1 m read distances can be ensured. When storing a little more energy in the transponder is needed, which is why the ranges for storage can fall about 10 to 20% to the previous values. However, the specified distances are still sufficient to detect transponders in the middle of asphalt or concrete floors.
RF transponders have different memory scopes. Common to all is a mostly 8-byte long unique identification number, which is invariably programmed by the chip manufacturer. In addition, depending on the type of chip, users today have an additional 32 to 1024 bytes or more of user memory available.
Auf einem Transponder werden dann Produktdaten und Zustandsdaten gespeichert. So können beispielsweise Daten über verwendete Art und Menge von Geokunststoffen und Baumaterialen, Schichtdicken, Verkehrsbelastung, Straßenzustand, klimatische Bedingungen, Qualitätskennzahlen und dergleichen gespeichert werden.Product data and status data are then stored on a transponder. For example, data about the type and amount of geosynthetics and building materials used, layer thicknesses, traffic load, road conditions, climatic conditions, quality indicators and the like can be stored.
Anschließend wird der Geokunststoff zur Herstellung und/oder Sanierung von Schäden, wie Rissen und dergleichen in bereits bestehenden Asphalt- und Betondecken eingebaut.
Zudem wird der Geokunststoff auch bei Neukonstruktionen eingesetzt.Subsequently, the geosynthetics for the manufacture and / or remediation of damage, such as cracks and the like installed in existing asphalt and concrete ceilings.
In addition, the geosynthetics is also used in new constructions.
Dabei wird beispielsweise bei der Herstellung neuer Asphalt- oder Betondecken (Neukonstruktionen) eine Tragschicht, meistens eine zementstabilisierte Kiessandtragschicht hergestellt. Anschließend wird der Geokunststoff verlegt und gegebenenfalls ein Bindemittel aufgebracht, oder der Geokunststoff direkt in das Bindemittel verlegt. Anschließend kann die Aufbringung der neuen Asphalt- oder Betondecke erfolgen. Der Geokunststoff wird so verlegt, dass zwischen den Bahnen des Geokunststoffs sowohl eine Überlappung, als auch keine Überlappung erfolgt.In this case, for example, in the production of new asphalt or concrete slabs (new constructions) a support layer, usually a cement-stabilized gravel sanding layer is produced. Subsequently, the geosynthetics is laid and optionally applied a binder, or laid the geosynthetic material directly into the binder. Subsequently, the application of the new asphalt or concrete pavement can take place. The geosynthetic is laid so that between the webs of geosynthetics both an overlap, as well as no overlap occurs.
Bei der Sanierung von bestehenden Asphalt- oder Betonflächen wird der Geokunststoff in analoger Weise auf den alten Belag, der gegebenenfalls teilweise entfernt werden kann, aufgebracht und anschließend erfolgt die Aufbringung des neuen Belags unter Verwendung des Geokunststoffs wie oben beschrieben.
Gegebenenfalls kann es erforderlich sein vor der Aufbringung des Geokunststoffs etwaige Schlaglöcher oder tiefer gehende Risse und dergleichen mit einem Fugenfüller zu verfüllen oder bei stark zerstörter Fahrbahndecke einen Profilausgleich, beispielsweise kaltes oder heißes Mischgut aufzubringen.When rehabilitating existing asphalt or concrete surfaces, the geosynthetics are applied in an analogous manner to the old surfacing, which may optionally be partially removed, and then the new surfacing is applied using the geosynthetic material as described above.
Optionally, it may be necessary to fill any potholes or deeper cracks and the like with a joint filler prior to the application of geosynthetics or to apply a profile compensation, for example, cold or hot mix in heavily damaged road surface.
Nach der Installation des Geokunststoffs in der Asphaltschicht können nun im Zuge von Kontrollfahrten oder Überprüfungen die auf dem Transponder gespeicherten Daten abgefragt, mit den bei diesen Fahrten ermittelten Daten verglichen und die neu ermittelten Daten wieder auf dem Transponder gespeichert werden.Following the installation of the geosynthetics in the asphalt layer, the data stored on the transponder can now be queried in the course of inspection trips or checks, compared with the data determined during these journeys, and the newly determined data can be stored again on the transponder.
Somit kann beispielsweise der Abrieb oder der Verschleiß einer Asphalt- oder Betondecke in Abhängigkeit von der Belastung und dem Zeitraum der Belastung ermittelt werden.Thus, for example, the abrasion or wear of an asphalt or concrete pavement can be determined as a function of the load and the period of the load.
Diese Daten und deren Veränderung können dann als Entscheidungshilfe über die Sanierung oder neuerliche Sanierung der Straße verwendet werden.These data and their changes can then be used as decision-making aid for the rehabilitation or renewal of the road.
Claims (18)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05027723A EP1798340A1 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Geoplastics with transponder technology |
| CNA2006100639877A CN1986967A (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2006-12-15 | Geosynthetics with transponder technology |
| US11/640,908 US7872580B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2006-12-19 | Synthetic geomaterials with transponder technology |
| ZA200610692A ZA200610692B (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2006-12-19 | Geoplastics with transponder technology |
| AU2006252119A AU2006252119A1 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2006-12-19 | Geosynthetics with transponder technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05027723A EP1798340A1 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Geoplastics with transponder technology |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1798340A1 true EP1798340A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
Family
ID=36499882
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05027723A Withdrawn EP1798340A1 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2005-12-19 | Geoplastics with transponder technology |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7872580B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1798340A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1986967A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2006252119A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200610692B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008030954A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-14 | Kohlstadt, Hans-Peter | Water permeable, drivable multilayered flooring for applying on buildings, comprises covering layer based on mineral-bound aggregates, reinforcement mesh fabric, and base layer |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6943678B2 (en) * | 2000-01-24 | 2005-09-13 | Nextreme, L.L.C. | Thermoformed apparatus having a communications device |
| GB2440147B (en) * | 2006-07-15 | 2011-02-09 | Terram Ltd | Containment structure |
| US10866227B2 (en) * | 2014-02-03 | 2020-12-15 | Goldin-Rudahl Systems, Inc. | Early warning system for road, runway, and railway failures |
| EP3144858A1 (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-22 | Aberl Ingenieurbüro | Identifiable material and identifiable workpieces |
| US10479007B2 (en) | 2017-03-17 | 2019-11-19 | Rehrig Pacific Company | Injection molded component and method of injection molding |
| CN115573753B (en) * | 2022-10-25 | 2025-11-25 | 辽宁大学 | Method and System for Determining Anti-rockburst Parameters for Coal Mine Roadway Supports |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5464303A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-11-07 | D.W.T. Innovative Recycling Corp. | Method for repairing pavement |
| BE1010379A7 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-07-07 | Brousmiche Dominique | Permanent or temporary sound and visual alarm on a roadway |
| WO2000075906A1 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-12-14 | James Frederick Morris | Improvements in electromagnetic traffic signal detection |
| NL1020017C2 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-21 | Dura Vermeer Infra B V | Lane identification system, has road surface provided with identification devices for each lane |
| WO2005074071A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | ASTRA Gesellschaft für Asset Management mbH & Co. KG | Textile material with antenna components for an hf transponder |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5792337A (en) * | 1994-05-12 | 1998-08-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for detection of corrosion |
| US5996413A (en) * | 1997-10-31 | 1999-12-07 | The Metropolitan Water District Of Southern California | Method for testing a prestressed concrete conduit |
| US7034660B2 (en) * | 1999-02-26 | 2006-04-25 | Sri International | Sensor devices for structural health monitoring |
-
2005
- 2005-12-19 EP EP05027723A patent/EP1798340A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-12-15 CN CNA2006100639877A patent/CN1986967A/en active Pending
- 2006-12-19 US US11/640,908 patent/US7872580B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-12-19 AU AU2006252119A patent/AU2006252119A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-19 ZA ZA200610692A patent/ZA200610692B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5464303A (en) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-11-07 | D.W.T. Innovative Recycling Corp. | Method for repairing pavement |
| BE1010379A7 (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-07-07 | Brousmiche Dominique | Permanent or temporary sound and visual alarm on a roadway |
| WO2000075906A1 (en) * | 1999-06-08 | 2000-12-14 | James Frederick Morris | Improvements in electromagnetic traffic signal detection |
| NL1020017C2 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-21 | Dura Vermeer Infra B V | Lane identification system, has road surface provided with identification devices for each lane |
| WO2005074071A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2005-08-11 | ASTRA Gesellschaft für Asset Management mbH & Co. KG | Textile material with antenna components for an hf transponder |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008030954A1 (en) * | 2008-07-02 | 2010-01-14 | Kohlstadt, Hans-Peter | Water permeable, drivable multilayered flooring for applying on buildings, comprises covering layer based on mineral-bound aggregates, reinforcement mesh fabric, and base layer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200610692B (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| US20070138304A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
| AU2006252119A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
| CN1986967A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| US7872580B2 (en) | 2011-01-18 |
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