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EP1619751B1 - Antenne à large bande et à profil bas - Google Patents

Antenne à large bande et à profil bas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1619751B1
EP1619751B1 EP05012307A EP05012307A EP1619751B1 EP 1619751 B1 EP1619751 B1 EP 1619751B1 EP 05012307 A EP05012307 A EP 05012307A EP 05012307 A EP05012307 A EP 05012307A EP 1619751 B1 EP1619751 B1 EP 1619751B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
emission surface
antenna
max
base
antenna according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP05012307A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1619751A1 (fr
Inventor
Eugen Arnold
Ingo Dr. Walter
Ullrich Dr. Fuchs
Birgit Dr. Michael
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
EADS Deutschland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EADS Deutschland GmbH filed Critical EADS Deutschland GmbH
Publication of EP1619751A1 publication Critical patent/EP1619751A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1619751B1 publication Critical patent/EP1619751B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/0442—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular tuning means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/40—Element having extended radiating surface

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna comprising a radiating surface and a base surface.
  • Stripe antennas also referred to as patch antennas, are characterized by a low weight and a small cross section, which gives you an easy handling and a wide field of application.
  • Known strip antennas consist of a metal strip, which is arranged at a predeterminable distance parallel to a metallic base. Between the strip and the base is usually a homogeneous dielectric. The length of the metal strip is selected so that the electrical length of the line forming the strip with the base is about half a wavelength (in dielectric) long. The width of the metal surface essentially determines the impedance of the antenna, the distance of the strip to the base essentially determines the bandwidth. This distance is at the same time the height of the strip antenna. Typically, the height is between one-twentieth and one-fifth of the free space wavelength at mid-band, with a larger height has a higher bandwidth result.
  • a disadvantage of the strip antennas is the low bandwidth.
  • the shape of the metal strip is selected such that the resonance frequencies of two or more oscillation modes of the antenna have a relatively small frequency spacing.
  • bandwidth ratios of up to 1.6: 1 can be achieved.
  • the bandwidth ratio is defined as the ratio of the upper Frequency limit to the lower frequency limit.
  • Such strip antennas are eg off EP 0 989 628 B1 and WO 2004/021514 A1 known. Off at the strip antenna EP 0 989 628 B1 the base is connected by means of a coaxial cable with the radiating surface, wherein the coaxial cable is used to supply signals to the radiating surface.
  • the base surface in this case has a vertical edge, which extends perpendicularly from the base surface, so that an "L" or "U” -shaped cross-section results.
  • a disadvantage of this arrangement is that for certain applications too low bandwidth.
  • the objects of the documents FR 2 791 815 A1 and EP 1 052 723 A2 each relate to an object according to the preamble of claim 1. Aus US 2001/0050636 A1
  • an antenna is known with various embodiments of a radiating surface.
  • a slot perpendicular to the longitudinal extent L of the emission surface is embodied within the border of the emission surface, the slot being bridged by one or more discrete inductances.
  • taper here means that along the longitudinal extent L of the emission surface, the width B and the height H of the emission surface vary over the base surface.
  • the emission surface advantageously has a maximum length L max ⁇ 0.6 ⁇ max , a maximum width B max ⁇ ⁇ max and a maximum height H max ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ max with respect to the base area, where ⁇ max is the free space wavelength at the lower frequency limit f u is the frequency band of the antenna.
  • ⁇ max is the free space wavelength at the lower frequency limit f u is the frequency band of the antenna.
  • VSWR VSWR in a frequency range [f u , f o ] with f u and f o as the lower and upper frequency limit of the frequency band of the antenna is preferably VSWR ⁇ 3, where for the bandwidth f o / f u ⁇ 1.4 applies.
  • the radiating surface advantageously has a constant tapering.
  • the radiating surface has the shape of an isosceles triangle.
  • the radiating surface together with the base area forms a TEM waveguide with constant characteristic impedance.
  • the means for feeding electromagnetic energy to the antenna are preferably arranged in the region of the smallest distance between radiating surface and base surface. In the case of a triangular radiating surface, this may expediently be a corner of the radiating surface.
  • the feed is preferably a coaxial feed.
  • the coaxial inner conductor is galvanically connected to the radiating surface, while the outer conductor is galvanically connected to the base of the antenna.
  • the taping of the width of the radiating surface and the height of the radiating surface above the base is suitably chosen to match the impedance of the connected feeder cable, since then the resulting at the feed point higher vibration modes of the antenna are excited only with low amplitude.
  • the discrete components which are distributed below the radiating surface in predeterminable locations with predeterminable values, serve to improve the adaptation for the lower part of the frequency range. Values and locations can be selected according to the respective requirements for the adaptation and to the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • the discrete components may in particular be inductors and / or capacitors.
  • discrete component is to be understood functionally.
  • an embodiment of a printed on a substrate (not shown) line can be used.
  • the antenna according to the invention enables a very broadband radio method, e.g. Hopping operation.
  • a simultaneous feeding of the antenna with multiple transmission lines, which are distributed in a wide frequency range possible.
  • the antenna according to the invention it is possible to simultaneously receive a plurality of received signals lying in a wide frequency band.
  • Another advantage of the antenna according to the invention is the ability to use this broadband antenna directly in front of a metallic or non-metallic wall without degrading its adaptation or radiation pattern. This is also possible with conformal adaptation of the radiating surface to a possibly curved shape of the metallic wall.
  • the wall itself can be used as a base.
  • the wall could e.g. be a part of the surface of a vehicle, a ship or an airplane. Due to the low height of the antenna, the antenna towers only slightly above the vehicle surface. This applies to versions for the VHF, the UHF and of course for the microwave range.
  • the antenna element in a structure in a first preferred embodiment according to Fig. 1 to 3 comprises a radiating surface 1 and a metallic base 2.
  • a connection 7 - hereinafter referred to as signal terminal - for supplying signals to the radiating surface 1 is present.
  • the signal connection 7 by means of a coaxial cable can be effected by means of a person skilled in the known measures, wherein the inner conductor of the coaxial cable with the radiating surface 1 and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable to the base 2 is conductively connected.
  • the antenna element in a housing may be housed.
  • the region 5 of the signal terminal 7 may preferably means, such as pins (not shown) may be present, which allow a secure holding the radiating surface 1 in a fixed, separated from the base 2 position.
  • pins are suitably made of electrically non-conductive material, such as plastic.
  • B the filling of the space area between the base 2 and the radiating surface 1 with dielectric material matching dielectric constant.
  • Fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of an antenna according to the invention.
  • the parts of the radiating surface 1 in the region 4 of the discrete components 3 and / or in the region 5 of the signal terminal (not shown) are executed parallel to the base 2.
  • the handling of the emission surface 1 and in particular the attachment of the discrete components 3 and the signal connection to the emission surface 1 can be improved.
  • the radiating surface 1 has by way of example a distance value H max of 0.13 * ⁇ max to the base 2, where ⁇ max is the free space wavelength at the lower frequency limit f u of the frequency band of the antenna.
  • the distance H max is suitably determined as solder on the base 2.
  • the size L max is, for example, 0.25 * ⁇ max
  • the size B max is also 0.25 * ⁇ max by way of example.
  • the location and value of the discrete components are selected as a function of H max , L max and B max .
  • the distance H max between the radiating surface 1 and the base 2 in the region 4 of the discrete components 3 can be changed for reasons of improved adaptation.
  • the radiating surface 1 has a slot 11 which is perpendicular to its longitudinal extent L. Thereby, the radiating surface 1 is split into a rear part HT and a front part VT. According to the invention, this slot 11 is formed by discrete dummy elements (not shown), e.g. Inductors bridged. In addition to the large bandwidth, which causes the wiring with suitable reactive elements, can be influenced by the value and the location of the dummy elements and the radiation pattern of the antenna.
  • discrete dummy element is to be understood functionally.
  • an embodiment of a printed on a substrate (not shown) line can be used.
  • the base 2 can advantageously be flat, single curved or double curved and the radiating surface 1 can be made to conform to the curvature of the base 2. This makes it possible to attach the antenna assembly also on any desired carrier structures with low space requirements.
  • Fig. 5 shows the curve of the standing wave ratio VSWR at the feed point of the signal terminal of the in Fig. 4 illustrated embodiment as a function of frequency.
  • the underlying ratio of standing waves is based on the Scattering of the voltage is calculated, which are measured at the entrance of the connection of the feed means on the radiating surface 1.
  • VSWR is less than 2 in the frequency range 220-450 MHz. In the entire frequency band of 200-1050 MHz, the VSWR is less than 3.
  • antennas 9 are arranged on the circumference of a cylinder 8.
  • the shape of the cylinder 8 can be useful similar to a ship's mast.
  • the antennas 9 are placed on the outer surface of the cylinder 8 and are used as transmitting antennas for different frequency ranges. Possible transmission or reception ranges are eg 30-100 MHz, 100-200 MHz and 200-600 MHz.
  • the cylinder arrays are used in the transmission case for communication and electronic countermeasures to disturb opposing communication devices. In the reception case, the arrays are used for communication and for electronic support measures, ie, viewing, bearing, and classification of foreign communication devices.
  • the antennas 9 are distributed via so-called beamforming networks 10 (beamforming) both in sum diagrams and in individual radiator diagrams to the terminals, ie transmitters and receivers.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Antenne comprenant une surface radiante (1) et une surface métallique de base (2),
    un ou plusieurs composants distincts (3) raccordés entre la surface radiante (1) et la surface de base (2),
    la surface radiante (1) présentant une première partie dans laquelle la surface radiante (1) présente un rétrécissement de sa largeur B et de sa hauteur H par rapport à la surface de base (2),
    caractérisée en ce que
    une fente (11) est ménagée à l'intérieur de la bordure de la surface radiante (1) et perpendiculairement à l'extension longitudinale L de la surface radiante (1), la fente (11) étant traversée par une ou plusieurs inductances distinctes.
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la surface radiante (1) présente une longueur maximale Lmax ≤ 0,6 λmax, une largeur maximale Bmax ≤ λmax et une hauteur maximale Hmax de la surface de base (2) ≤ 0,4 λmax, λmax étant la longueur d'onde dans le vide de la limite inférieure de fréquence fu de la bande de fréquence de l'antenne.
  3. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la surface radiante (1) présente un rétrécissement constant de sa hauteur H et de sa largeur B.
  4. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la surface radiante (1) présente un rétrécissement non constant de sa hauteur H et de sa largeur B.
  5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, qui présente des moyens de maintien de la surface radiante (1) qui maintiennent la surface radiante (1) en une position fixe séparée de la surface de base (2).
  6. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle des moyens (7) d'introduction d'énergie électromagnétique dans l'antenne sont disposés dans la zone (5) où la distance entre la surface radiante (1) et la surface de base (2) est la plus petite.
  7. Antenne selon la revendication 8, dans laquelle dans la zone (4) occupée par les composants distincts (3) et/ou dans la zone (5) occupée par les moyens d'injection (7), la surface radiante (1) présente une autre zone (4, 5) dans laquelle la surface radiante est parallèle à la surface de base (2).
  8. Antenne selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la surface de base (2) est plane, à courbure simple ou double et la surface radiante (1) épouse la courbure de la surface de base (2).
  9. Système constitué de plusieurs antennes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, les antennes étant disposées à la périphérie d'une structure cylindrique de support (8).
  10. Système selon la revendication 9, dans lequel les antennes sont raccordées les unes aux autres par des réseaux (10) de façonnage du rayonnement.
EP05012307A 2004-07-23 2005-06-08 Antenne à large bande et à profil bas Expired - Lifetime EP1619751B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004036001A DE102004036001A1 (de) 2004-07-23 2004-07-23 Breitbandige Antenne mit geringer Bauhöhe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1619751A1 EP1619751A1 (fr) 2006-01-25
EP1619751B1 true EP1619751B1 (fr) 2010-10-06

Family

ID=34937310

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05012307A Expired - Lifetime EP1619751B1 (fr) 2004-07-23 2005-06-08 Antenne à large bande et à profil bas

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7548204B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1619751B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE484089T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102004036001A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2351191T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4982252B2 (ja) * 2007-05-30 2012-07-25 寛治 大塚 伝送線路開口型アンテナ装置
USD603384S1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2009-11-03 Nec Corporation Antenna
USD603385S1 (en) * 2008-10-14 2009-11-03 Nec Corporation Antenna
AU325814S (en) * 2008-12-26 2009-04-23 Nec Corp Antenna
USD619568S1 (en) * 2009-04-14 2010-07-13 Nec Corporation Antenna
US20140320364A1 (en) * 2013-04-26 2014-10-30 Research In Motion Limited Substrate integrated waveguide horn antenna
TWI528642B (zh) * 2013-09-05 2016-04-01 啟碁科技股份有限公司 天線及電子裝置
US10418693B2 (en) * 2017-04-11 2019-09-17 Fitbit, Inc. Band latch mechanism and housing with integrated antenna
US10809666B2 (en) 2018-05-22 2020-10-20 Fitbit, Inc. Low-profile band latch mechanism
US11033082B1 (en) 2020-04-14 2021-06-15 Fitbit, Inc. Wearable device straps and attachment hardware therefor
WO2022172313A1 (fr) * 2021-02-09 2022-08-18 三菱電機株式会社 Dispositif d'antenne

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE484089T1 (de) 2010-10-15
DE502005010330D1 (de) 2010-11-18
DE102004036001A1 (de) 2006-03-16
EP1619751A1 (fr) 2006-01-25
US20060044201A1 (en) 2006-03-02
US7548204B2 (en) 2009-06-16
ES2351191T3 (es) 2011-02-01

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