EP1431031B1 - Method for modifying the wetting characteristics of a printing form - Google Patents
Method for modifying the wetting characteristics of a printing form Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1431031B1 EP1431031B1 EP03027825A EP03027825A EP1431031B1 EP 1431031 B1 EP1431031 B1 EP 1431031B1 EP 03027825 A EP03027825 A EP 03027825A EP 03027825 A EP03027825 A EP 03027825A EP 1431031 B1 EP1431031 B1 EP 1431031B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- groups
- silicon
- hydrophobic
- reaction
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodoform Chemical compound IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisiloxane Chemical group C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C UQEAIHBTYFGYIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- MUPYMRJBEZFVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-dimethoxyphosphorylsulfanylbenzene Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)SC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 MUPYMRJBEZFVMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- XSGHLZBESSREDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenecyclopropane Chemical compound C=C1CC1 XSGHLZBESSREDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001337 aliphatic alkines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 10
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 trimethylene methane derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical group [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroethanol Chemical compound OCC(F)(F)F RHQDFWAXVIIEBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001345 alkine derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007645 offset printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004216 fluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(F)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012713 reactive precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002094 self assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013545 self-assembled monolayer Substances 0.000 description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical group [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018557 Si O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004965 chloroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular fluorine Chemical group C.FF QLOAVXSYZAJECW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-trimethylsilylmethanamine Chemical compound CN(C)[Si](C)(C)C KAHVZNKZQFSBFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021423 nanocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002186 photoactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC(F)(F)F JLGNHOJUQFHYEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003258 trimethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
- B41C1/00—Forme preparation
- B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
- B41C1/1041—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by modification of the lithographic properties without removal or addition of material, e.g. by the mere generation of a lithographic pattern
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
- B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
- B41N1/006—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor made entirely of inorganic materials other than natural stone or metals, e.g. ceramics, carbide materials, ferroelectric materials
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for changing the wetting properties of a printing plate having a surface comprising inorganically bound silicon, wherein the surface is brought into a first chemical state with first wetting property and a subset of all areas of the surface in a second chemical state with second wetting property Changing the chemical end groups of the surface is brought.
- a printing form coated with an amorphous semiconductor is known.
- the disordered amorphous state of the semiconductor can be changed by means of a laser beam into a higher ordered crystalline state.
- the semiconductor surface is rougher, so that rearrangement of the semiconductor surface causes liquids to adhere better in the region of the rougher surface than in the amorphous smooth regions.
- a printing plate produced according to this method is limited by the minimum size of the crystalline regions.
- a printing forme in hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas by means of a hydrophobic organic reagent and heat energy can be structured by fixing an organic compound by reaction on the surface.
- the surface of the printing form may contain silicates, a silicone resin or organosilanes in a coating layer, and the compound may be an organosilane derivative.
- a silicone resin can be used as a binder in a layer which accommodates a photocatalyst, so that the printing plate can be patterned into hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas by exposure in a pattern.
- a printing plate having a surface comprising silicon can be brought into a first chemical state with a first wetting property and into a second chemical state with a second wetting property.
- the local wetting property ie the local hydrophilic or hydrophobic wetting property of the printing form, can be controlled by changing the chemical end groups of the surface with correspondingly different electronic properties.
- a surface having a first chemical structure is generated, which one preferably in the has substantial uniform hydrophilic or hydrophobic wetting property. This surface is then converted in locally limited areas by a localized change in the chemical structure (end groups) in the other state of the wetting property, ie from hydrophilic to hydrophobic or hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
- Silicon is chosen as the semiconductor.
- the surface is first rendered into a hydrophobic state, with SiH, SiH 2 and / or SiH 3 groups being present on the surface, for example.
- the hydrophobic end group is then locally replaced by a hydrophilic end group or converted into a hydrophobic end group, so that, for example, SiOH, SiOSi and / or SiO end groups replace the hydrophobic end groups.
- the object of the present invention is to specify a method for locally and repeatedly changing its wetting properties.
- the inventive method can be carried out with particular advantage with a printing plate whose surface consists of amorphous, nanocrystalline, polycrystalline or crystalline silicon or is a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric silicon ceramic, which has oxygen and / or nitrogen.
- unsubstituted and / or halogenated for example partially and / or completely chlorinated and / or partially fluorinated and / or fully fluorinated end groups, especially arylene end groups or alkyl end groups, can be attached as organic end groups in hydrophobic areas of the printing form.
- the organic end groups in the hydrophobic regions may be CH 3 end groups and / or CF 3 end groups.
- the chain molecules may have CH 3 end groups and / or CF 3 end groups.
- the method according to the invention for changing the wetting properties of a printing form serves to create a structure of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions on the printing form, so that in an offset printing process duplications the structure can be generated.
- the second chemical state may be performed by localized processing with a controlled light source such that the second chemical state is generated to correspond to image information to be printed or its negative (image information not to be printed).
- a direct attachment of alkyl groups or fluoroalkyl groups to the surface of the printing plate via Si-C bonds can be effected by photoinitiation of halosilanes, for example Cl-Si (CH 3 ) 3 , alcohols, alkenes and / or alkynes.
- halosilanes for example Cl-Si (CH 3 ) 3
- alcohols for example alcohols, alkenes and / or alkynes.
- reactive halogen-containing molecules such as iodoform is possible.
- Alkoxyl monolayers in other words alkyl groups which are fixed via surface Si-O-C bonds, can react via reactions of alcohols (R-OH), preferably with four or five carbon atoms in a chain, since these substances are less hazardous to humans and the environment , or aldehydes (R-CHO) having a hydrogen-terminated, halo-terminated or oxide-terminated surface comprising silicon.
- R is an unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group or a partially or completely fluorinated alkyl group or aryl group.
- the hydrocarbon group can be chain-like or ring-shaped, in particular aromatic, for example a phenyl ring (C 6 H 5 -) or a substituted phenyl ring.
- the reaction can be initiated and / or accelerated.
- the chain or ring aromatic unsubstituted or fluorinated carbon end groups may have a different number of carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- alkyl groups may alternatively be via Si-O-Si-C bonds by siloxane chemistry with alkylchlorosilanes, alkylalkoxysilanes, and / or alkylaminosilanes on an oxide-covered surface comprising silicon.
- the unsubstituted or fluorinated alkyl group may have a chain of several carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, having one CH 3 or one CF 3 end group or more CH 3 or CF 3 end groups.
- the organic end groups each have a chain of several carbon atoms at which CH 3 or CF 3 groups are located.
- the hydrophobic behavior is only slightly influenced by the length of the carbon chain.
- long chains up to 20 carbon atoms
- additional stabilization can advantageously be achieved by lateral van der Waals interactions take place, it can form a self-assembling monolayer (self assembled monolayer, SAM).
- SAM self assembled monolayer
- a short carbon chain and an arrangement in which not every surface atom possesses an organic end group is sufficient for the printing process.
- the arrangement may have a relatively low surface density of the organic end groups. Typical concentrations are between 10 14 and 10 11 end groups per cm 2 .
- a higher reaction rate in the binding of methyl- and / or methylene-containing and / or fluorine-containing hydrophobic organic end groups on the surface of a printing plate can be achieved in a reaction with much more reactive, especially radical, starting molecules.
- an organic end group may be attached by reaction with iodoform and / or with trimethylene methane derivatives, which may occur in a triplet and / or a singlet dipolar state.
- DMCP 1,1-dialkoxy-2-methylenecyclopropane
- From methylenecyclopropane derivatives can be generated thermally or by irradiation dipolar trimethylene derivatives.
- the first example relates to a bond of a hydrophobic layer with alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups by means of Si-C bonds.
- the Si-C bonds have a relatively high stability.
- Reactive hydrocarbons such as alkenes and / or alkynes
- Si-C bonds ⁇ Si-R
- R end groups are formed or attached, where R is an aryl or alkyl group.
- the starting point for such a connection can be particularly advantageously a hydrogen-terminated silicon surface.
- a method of obtaining such a hydrogen-terminated silicon surface is disclosed in the document WO 00/21753 described.
- the problem of the relatively slow course of the reaction in which under normal conditions a partial oxidation of the silicon surface can simultaneously be used, can be counteracted by using pure chemicals and reactive precursor molecules, for example radicals. The use of such reactive precursor molecules results in a considerable acceleration of the alkylation process.
- the surface can be spatially selectively, ie in some areas, oxidized and thus hydrophilized for imaging with laser radiation.
- deletion of the image can be accomplished by oxidizing and / or rehydrogenating the entire surface so that the initial state is recovered.
- a method for imaging with hydrophilic domains that is, for changing the wetting property of hydrophobic in the wetting property hydrophilic, with a laser in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet spectral region in the atmosphere are aryl or alkyl end groups, especially methyl or fluoromethyl end groups
- radiation power and wavelength with increasing number of carbon atoms in the organic end group may not always be complete, but only partially oxidized and removed.
- the remaining methylene, methyl or fluoromethyl end groups are oxidized in this case to aldehyde or carboxyl groups and thus also hydrophilic.
- a circuit from hydrophobic to hydrophilic also possible by the organic end group, such as CH 3 , the organic chain is converted without removing the organic chain completely.
- alkyl groups In the case of a surface made of a silicon nitride ceramic silylamine groups may additionally arise. For easy removal it is therefore appropriate to choose the alkyl groups as short as possible. Preferred are chain lengths of 1 to 5 carbon atoms. For a new imaging, the alkyl groups are completely removed. A distance can be achieved photochemically with UV or VUV light sources, in particular lasers, or photothermally with infrared or visible light sources, in particular lasers.
- a second example relates to the attachment of a hydrophobic layer having aryl or alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups by means of Si-O-C bonds.
- aryl radical or alkyl radical is attached or fluoroalkyl radical to the surface via an oxygen bridge to the carbon (Si-OR). This results in a hydrophobic surface with aryl or alkyl end groups or fluorinated alkyl end groups, which can be imaged as described in the first example with hydrophilic areas.
- Secondary alcohols having 3 or 4 carbon atoms are preferred.
- the secondary alcohols may, under certain conditions, form O-bonds between two organic end groups, thereby imparting additional stability to the modified surface. According to the processes described in the first example, the initial termination can be restored.
- the third example relates to a connection of a hydrophobic layer with aryl or alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups by means of Si-O-Si-C bonds.
- the starting point is an oxidized hydrophilic silicon, silicon oxide or silicon nitride surface which is at least partially covered with silanol and / or silylamine groups.
- molecules with hydrophobic alkyl end groups or fluorinated alkyl end groups are chemisorbed (Si-O-Si-R).
- This hydrophobic surface can be prepared with alkyltrimethoxysilanes, for example CH 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -Si- (OCH 3 ) 3 , or fluoroalkylmethoxysilanes, for example CF 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -Si- (OCH 3 ) 3 .
- the silicon atoms of the Si-O-Si anchor group can additionally be crosslinked to one another via oxygen bridges.
- halogen atoms or NR 2 , OH or OR groups of mono-, di- or trifunctional alkyldimethylsilanes react, for example to form alkyldimethylsilyl groups (Si-O-Si (CH 3 ) 2 -R, in particular Si-O- Si (CH 3 ) 3 ).
- the surface density of the anchor or the terminating organic end group molecules does not have to correspond to the density of the silicon surface atoms, but may be lower.
- a higher reaction rate for the hydrophobing of the surface can be achieved with unsaturated compounds, such as trimethylenemethane derivatives.
- Imaging of the hydrophobic printing form into hydrophilic subregions or domains can be achieved by means of a laser, as already described in the first example.
- the hydrophilic starting state is restored by a light-induced, in particular laser-induced oxidation of the entire surface.
- FIG. 1 schematically the method of the invention is shown.
- a printing form 10 is plate-shaped and can be received by a printing form cylinder, in particular in a printing press.
- the printing form 10 has a surface 12 which has inorganically bound silicon.
- This printing form 10 is usually covered in the initial state, in particular after its manufacturing process with a native, a few nanometers thick oxide layer.
- the printing form 10 is provided with a defined substantially hydrophobic surface.
- the surface 12 of the printing plate 10 is terminated for this purpose with organic end groups or fluorinated organic end groups.
- the free valences of the silicon surface atoms with the corresponding end groups, in particular aryl end groups, alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups, are saturated.
- the hydrophobic region 14 of the printing form 10 is then hydrophilized in subsections in a further method step.
- This can be done, for example, with one of the abovementioned chemical reactions, in particular according to Examples 1 to 3.
- two methods have been found to be particularly suitable.
- energy can be supplied locally by means of a laser 16, so that the chemical conversion process is triggered.
- lasers in continuous wave mode or pulsed
- a fluorine laser produces VUV light at a wavelength of about 157 nm.
- Short wavelength light in this spectral range may alternatively be generated by nonlinear optical processes from longer wavelength light.
- a photochemical surface modification can be achieved.
- a photothermal modification as mentioned above, a plurality of wavelengths of light in question, for example, gas laser (excimer laser) or solid-state laser (for example, frequency-multiplied Nd laser) or diode laser can be used.
- the laser 16 is driven.
- Means for generating a relative movement between the laser 16 and the printing forme 10 are provided such that the light beam 20 emitted by the laser 16 can be scanned or reached at least once over all points of the surface of the printing form 10 which constitute the printing surface.
- the printing form 10 may be applied or received on a printing form cylinder in a printing press, so that the rotation of the cylinder about its axis of symmetry and a translation of the laser 16 substantially parallel to the axis of symmetry of the cylinder, the light beam 20 can sweep the entire surface of the printing plate 10 ,
- the light beam 20 or the laser 16 is switched on and off or faded in and out as it passes over the printing form so that a pattern 22 to be printed or the negative of the pattern is introduced as a hydrophilic image in the hydrophobic surface can.
- this change in molecular properties on the surface of the printing plate 10 is not visible to the naked eye, since it is a microscopic modification of the surface.
- the applied pattern 22 to be printed corresponds to an original image 21, which can be produced in different ways.
- an original image 21 can be generated with a digitizing method or directly, for example with the aid of a graphics program or a digital camera.
- the original images 21 are processed and stored in a so-called RIP (raster imaging processor).
- the memory may be inside or outside the control unit 18. Based on those identified in the RIP and stored data is then the light beam 20 is controlled so that the pattern to be printed 22 is applied to the printing plate 10.
- all the other points of the hydrophobic surface 14 can be locally supplied with energy by means of the laser 16, so that finally the whole Surface of the printing form 14 hydrophilized and thus modified, in particular uniformly hydrophilized or unstructured, is.
- energy can be supplied over a wide area, for example with a lamp, for example a UV lamp, in particular commercially available excimer lamps with different UV wavelengths.
- the starting point is a surface 12 with inorganically bonded silicon, which comprises silicon (di) oxide (partial image I).
- silicon (di) oxide it should be pointed out that with ultrathin oxide layers, below 1 nanometer, suboxides SiO x , with x ⁇ 2, exist and only with thicker oxide layers silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) is present.
- the surface has an oxidized surface layer 26 at the surface line, the thickness of which is typically in the nanometer range.
- OH groups hydroxyl groups
- the surface 12 is hydrophilic. Such a surface 12 can be obtained in different ways.
- the surface 12 is obtainable by forming a native oxide layer (spontaneous surface oxidation) of an amorphous silicon layer deposited on a substrate. From a liquid phase or gas phase, a silicon (di) oxide film can be deposited on a carrier material. It is also possible to use silica as glass.
- the carrier material or the glass can be shaped as a plate, cylinder or sleeve, in particular for use in a printing machine. The steps described below can be carried out in particular in the printing press, when the printing form is recorded in a printing unit.
- the surface 12 is cleaned prior to hydrophobic termination. This is preferably done by large-area irradiation with the VUV light of a lamp below 200 nm wavelength, preferably 172 nm wavelength.
- the process is self-limiting; at room temperature, the surface is coated with a few monolayer thick oxide skin.
- cleaning may be performed by treatment with ozone (O 3 ) or other oxidizing agent such as concentrated nitric acid (HNO 3 ), hydrogen peroxide solution (H 2 O 2 ) or the like. Further alternatively, plasma treatment is effective.
- An oxidative purification can typically be completed in about 10 minutes.
- the surface preferably the entire surface, becomes hydrophobic, ie water-repellent.
- the termination is carried out with trimethylsilyl derivatives, for example hexamethyldisiloxane, chlorotrimethylsilane, hexamethyldisilazane, ethoxytrimethylsilane or dimethylaminotrimethylsilane.
- Such a termination reaction can proceed according to a general reaction scheme as follows: Si - O - H + Y - Si ⁇ C ⁇ H 3 3 ⁇ Si - O - Si ⁇ C ⁇ H 3 3 + HY .
- Y is a suitable leaving group.
- Y may be an OH group, a halogen atom, an NH 2 group or the like.
- the non-methyl-bearing Si atom is located in or on the surface 12th
- Particularly preferred is a mixture of 1.0 to 1.6 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, 4.5 to 8.0 g of trifluoroethanol and 0.8 to 1.5 g of 90% sulfuric acid, in particular 1.3 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, 6.0 g Trifluoroethanol and 1.2 g of 90% sulfuric acid.
- the trifluoroethanol concentration should be minimized.
- the mixing ratio it should be noted that at too high a concentration of hexamethyldisiloxane and too little of the other components, phase separation occurs. Too much sulfuric acid can cause unwanted side reactions.
- the liquid mixture is placed on the cleaned oxidized silicon surface for termination.
- the mixture can be painted on the surface with a plastic scraper.
- the surface may be slowly bathed in the preparation mixture, passed through a bath filled with the preparation mixture. The reaction time is about 10 seconds. From the terminated surface, the preparation solution flows independently or collects to small droplets, which are rinsed with water or can be sucked by the wick principle of the surface.
- hexamethyldisilazane can also be used with particular advantage.
- This substance can be applied directly, ie without any further component. It can be well supplied as a vapor of the surface, however, a suction device is advantageous because it ammonia gas (NH 3 ) is released. Since hexamethyldisilazane has a high vapor pressure, subsequent rinsing of the surface is not necessary. The reaction time is also about 10 seconds.
- a surface 12 comprising inorganic bound silicon and an oxidized surface layer 26 (silicon (di) oxide) on which hydroxyl groups have been replaced by trimethysiloxy groups to the extent that the surface as a whole has hydrophobic properties.
- oxidized surface layer 26 silicon (di) oxide
- trimethysiloxy groups to the extent that the surface as a whole has hydrophobic properties.
- the organic end groups 30 are shown roughly schematically in part II.
- the hydrophobic termination is locally removed by imaging or energy input, so that again a hydrophilic silicon (di) oxide surface is formed at the imaged areas (structuring step 34, part image III of the Fig. 2 ).
- imaging takes place by means of a laser, wherein IR, NIR, visible or UV radiation can be used.
- a material such as a metallic or ceramic layer having a high absorption coefficient may be used to absorb the radiation in a small volume with high efficiency.
- amorphous silicon can act as an absorption layer.
- the printing form can be printed in an offset printing process with conventional printing ink. After completion of printing residues of the ink can be removed with conventional detergents or solvents for printing. For a rough cleaning about 5 minutes are required.
- the structuring can be erased: during the erasing process, both organic impurities, such as residues of paint or solvent residues, and the hydrophobic termination of the surface are eliminated (extinguishing step 36 in FIG Fig. 2 ).
- the erase process thus serves to restore an unstructured hydrophilic surface.
- the field corresponds to the IV Fig. 2 the drawing I the Fig. 2 , if the organic end groups 30 have been removed over a large area and the surface 12 again carries OH groups at the valences 28.
- the Si-O portion of the organic end group may remain on the oxidized surface layer 26 of the surface 12, so that the surface line 24 is replaced by a new surface line 38.
- silicon (di) oxide can slowly grow on the surface 12, without changing the composition in principle or the wetting properties.
- the erasing can preferably take place by the action of energy by means of a laser, in other words a large-area imaging or a cleaning by means of UV light, as already described above, is carried out.
- a hydrophobic surface 14 of the printing form 10 can be converted by local photoinduced reaction processes into partial regions into an altered, second chemical state, in particular a hydrophilic state.
- the surface of the printing form 10 can also be placed over a large area in either the first chemical state or the second chemical state, so that a pattern to be printed 22 is removed again and a re-structuring can be made.
- the printing form 10 may also be referred to as a rewritable printing form or reusable printing form.
- the printing form according to the invention is in particular an offset printing plate.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Ändern der Benetzungseigenschaften einer Druckform mit einer Oberfläche, welche anorganisch gebundenes Silizium aufweist, wobei die Oberfläche in einen ersten chemischen Zustand mit erster Benetzungseigenschaft gebracht wird und eine Teilmenge aller Bereiche der Oberfläche in einen zweiten chemischen Zustand mit zweiter Benetzungseigenschaft durch Änderung der chemischen Endgruppen der Oberfläche gebracht wird.The invention relates to a method for changing the wetting properties of a printing plate having a surface comprising inorganically bound silicon, wherein the surface is brought into a first chemical state with first wetting property and a subset of all areas of the surface in a second chemical state with second wetting property Changing the chemical end groups of the surface is brought.
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Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren zum lokalen und wiederholten Ändern ihrer Benetzungseigenschaften anzugeben.The object of the present invention is to specify a method for locally and repeatedly changing its wetting properties.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen charakterisiert.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims.
Ein erfndungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Ändern der Benetzungseigenschaften einer Druckform mit einer Oberfläche, welche anorganisch gebundenes Silizium aufweist, ist ein Verfahren, bei welchem die Oberfläche (bevorzugt alle Bereiche der Oberfläche, welche eine Druckfläche bilden) in einen ersten chemischen Zustand mit einer ersten Benetzungseigenschaft gebracht wird und eine Teilmenge, insbesondere eine Teilmenge aller Bereiche, der Oberfläche in einen zweiten chemischen Zustand mit zweiter Benetzungseigenschaft durch Änderung der chemischen Endgruppe der Oberfläche gebracht wird. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass an Siliziumatomen in den hydrophoben Bereichen der Oberfläche (12) organische Endgruppen derart angebunden werden, dass die Siliziumatome entweder mit mehr als einer CH3-Gruppe oder mit mehr als einer OCH3-Gruppe substituiert oder mit wenigstens einer organischen Endgruppe, die von der CH3-Gruppe oder der OCH3-Gruppe verschieden ist, substituiert sind und dass wie folgt angebunden wird:
- dass Arylgruppen und/oder Alkylgruppen und/oder Fluoralkylgruppen und/oder Chlorakylgruppen über eine Si-C-Bindung durch Photoinitiierung mit Halogensilanen, Alkoholen, Alkenen oder Alkinen angebunden werden; oder
- - dass organische Endgruppen durch Reaktion mit Iodoform und/oder Trimethylenmethan-Derivaten und/oder Methylencyclopropan-Derivaten und/oder 1,1-Dialkoxy-2-Methylencyclopropan (DMCP) und/oder Trimethylsilyl-Derivaten angebunden werden; oder
- - dass Arylgruppen und/oder Alkylgruppen über eine Si-O-C-Bindung durch Reaktion von primären Alkoholen und/oder sekundären Alkoholen und/oder Aldehyden angebunden werden; oder
- - dass Alkylgruppen über eine Si-O-Si-C-Bindung durch Reaktion mit Alkylalkoxysilanen, Alkylalkaminosilanen und/oder Alkylchlorsilanen angebunden werden.
- that aryl groups and / or alkyl groups and / or fluoroalkyl groups and / or chloroalkyl groups via a Si-C bond by photo-initiation with halosilanes, alcohols, alkenes or alkynes are attached; or
- - That organic end groups are attached by reaction with iodoform and / or trimethylene methane derivatives and / or Methylencyclopropan derivatives and / or 1,1-dialkoxy-2-Methylencyclopropan (DMCP) and / or trimethylsilyl derivatives; or
- - That aryl groups and / or alkyl groups are attached via a Si-OC bond by reaction of primary alcohols and / or secondary alcohols and / or aldehydes; or
- - That alkyl groups are attached via a Si-O-Si-C bond by reaction with alkylalkoxysilanes, Alkylalkaminosilanen and / or Alkylchlorsilanen.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann mit besonderem Vorteil mit einer Druckform durchgeführt werden, deren Oberfläche aus amorphem, nanokristallinem, polykristallinem oder kristallinem Silizium besteht oder eine stöchiometrische oder nicht stöchiometrische Siliziumkeramik ist, welche Sauerstoff und/oder Stickstoff aufweist. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren können in hydrophoben Bereichen der Druckform unsubstituierte und/oder halogenierte, beispielsweise teilweise und/oder vollständig chlorierte und/oder teilweise fluorierte und/oder vollständig fluorierte Endgruppen, insbesondere Arylendgruppen oder Alkylendgruppen, als organische Endgruppen angebunden werden. Insbesondere können die organischen Endgruppen in den hydrophoben Bereichen CH3-Endgruppen und/oder CF3-Endgruppen sein. Insbesondere können die Kettenmoleküle CH3-Endgruppen und/oder CF3-Endgruppen besitzen.The inventive method can be carried out with particular advantage with a printing plate whose surface consists of amorphous, nanocrystalline, polycrystalline or crystalline silicon or is a stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric silicon ceramic, which has oxygen and / or nitrogen. By means of the process according to the invention, unsubstituted and / or halogenated, for example partially and / or completely chlorinated and / or partially fluorinated and / or fully fluorinated end groups, especially arylene end groups or alkyl end groups, can be attached as organic end groups in hydrophobic areas of the printing form. In particular, the organic end groups in the hydrophobic regions may be CH 3 end groups and / or CF 3 end groups. In particular, the chain molecules may have CH 3 end groups and / or CF 3 end groups.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Ändern der Benetzungseigenschaften einer Druckform dient der Erzeugung einer Struktur von hydrophilen und hydrophoben Bereichen auf der Druckform, so dass in einem Offsetdruckverfahren Vervielfältigungen der Struktur erzeugt werden können. Erfindungsgemäß kann im Verfahren zum Ändern der Benetzungseigenschaften der zweite chemische Zustand durch lokalisierte Prozessierung mit einer gesteuerten Lichtquelle derart erfolgen, dass der zweite chemische Zustand so erzeugt wird, dass er einer zu druckenden Bildinformation oder deren Negativ (nicht zu druckende Bildinformation) entspricht.The method according to the invention for changing the wetting properties of a printing form serves to create a structure of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions on the printing form, so that in an offset printing process duplications the structure can be generated. According to the invention, in the method for changing the wetting properties, the second chemical state may be performed by localized processing with a controlled light source such that the second chemical state is generated to correspond to image information to be printed or its negative (image information not to be printed).
Eine direkte Anbindung von Alkylgruppen oder Fluoralkylgruppen an die Oberfläche der Druckform über Si-C-Bindungen kann durch Photoinitiierung von Halogensilanen, beispielsweise Cl-Si(CH3)3, Alkoholen, Alkenen und/oder Alkinen erfolgen. In Lösung ist eine Anbindung mit reaktiven halogenhaltigen Molekülen wie Iodoform möglich.A direct attachment of alkyl groups or fluoroalkyl groups to the surface of the printing plate via Si-C bonds can be effected by photoinitiation of halosilanes, for example Cl-Si (CH 3 ) 3 , alcohols, alkenes and / or alkynes. In solution, a connection with reactive halogen-containing molecules such as iodoform is possible.
Alkoxylmonolagen, anders ausgedrückt Alkylgruppen, welche über Si-O-C-Bindungen an der Oberfläche fixiert sind, können über Reaktionen von Alkoholen (R-OH), bevorzugt mit vier oder fünf Kohlenstoffatomen in einer Kette, da diese Substanzen wenig gefährlich für Mensch und Umwelt sind, oder Aldehyden (R-CHO) mit einer wasserstoffterminierten, halogenterminierten oder oxidterminierten Oberfläche, welche Silizium aufweist, erhalten werden. Hierbei ist R eine unsubstituierte Alkylgruppe oder Arylgruppe oder eine teilweise oder vollständig fluorierte Alkylgruppe oder Arylgruppe. Die Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe kann kettenförmig oder ringförmig, insbesondere aromatisch, beispielsweise ein Phenylring (C6H5-) oder ein substituierter Phenylring, sein. Mittels Lichteinwirkung, bevorzugt mit UV-Licht, zur photochemischen Aktivierung kann die Reaktion initiiert und/oder beschleunigt werden. Die kettenförmigen oder ringförmigen aromatischen unsubstituierten oder fluorierten Kohlenstoffendgruppen können eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatome, aufweisen.Alkoxyl monolayers, in other words alkyl groups which are fixed via surface Si-O-C bonds, can react via reactions of alcohols (R-OH), preferably with four or five carbon atoms in a chain, since these substances are less hazardous to humans and the environment , or aldehydes (R-CHO) having a hydrogen-terminated, halo-terminated or oxide-terminated surface comprising silicon. Here, R is an unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group or a partially or completely fluorinated alkyl group or aryl group. The hydrocarbon group can be chain-like or ring-shaped, in particular aromatic, for example a phenyl ring (C 6 H 5 -) or a substituted phenyl ring. By means of exposure to light, preferably with UV light, for photochemical activation, the reaction can be initiated and / or accelerated. The chain or ring aromatic unsubstituted or fluorinated carbon end groups may have a different number of carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
Eine Anbindung von Alkylgruppen kann alternativ dazu über Si-O-Si-C-Bindungen durch Siloxanchemie mit Alkylchlorsilanen, Alkylalkoxysilanen, und/oder Alkylaminosilanen an einer oxidbedeckten Oberfläche, welche Silizium aufweist, erfolgen. Die unsubstituierte oder fluorierte Alkylgruppe kann eine Kette von mehreren Kohlenstoffatomen, bevorzugt 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatome, aufweisen, an der sich eine CH3- oder eine CF3-Endgruppe oder mehrere CH3- oder CF3-Endgruppen befinden. Anders ausgedrückt, in wenigstens einem der hydrophoben Bereiche weisen die organischen Endgruppen jeweils eine Kette von mehreren Kohlenstoffatomen auf, an der sich CH3- oder CF3-Gruppen befinden. Das hydrophobe Verhalten wird durch die Länge der Kohlenstoffkette nur wenig beeinflusst. Bei langen Ketten (bis zu 20 Kohlenstoffatomen) kann bei genügend hoher Oberflächendichte der organischen Endgruppen und einer geeigneten Kettenstruktur in vorteilhafter Weise eine zusätzliche Stabilisierung durch laterale van der Waals-Wechselwirkungen stattfinden, es kann sich eine selbstorganisierende Monolage (self assembled monolayer, SAM) ausbilden. Für den Druckprozess ist aber schon eine kurze Kohlenstoffkette und eine Anordnung, bei der nicht jedes Oberflächenatom eine organische Endgruppe besitzt, ausreichend. Anders ausgedrückt, die Anordnung kann eine relativ geringe Oberflächendichte der organischen Endgruppen aufweisen. Typische Konzentrationen liegen zwischen 1014 und 1011 Endgruppen pro cm2. Abhängig von der Kettenlänge muss eine ausreichend hohe Konzentration erreicht werden, um eine hinreichend starke Hydrophobie zu erzielen, gleichzeitig soll die Konzentration so gering wie möglich beziehungsweise notwendig sein, da in vorteilhafter Weise eine nachfolgende Entfernung der organischen Endgruppen bei kleinen Endgruppenmolekülen und/oder niedriger Oberflächendichte erleichtert wird.An attachment of alkyl groups may alternatively be via Si-O-Si-C bonds by siloxane chemistry with alkylchlorosilanes, alkylalkoxysilanes, and / or alkylaminosilanes on an oxide-covered surface comprising silicon. The unsubstituted or fluorinated alkyl group may have a chain of several carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, having one CH 3 or one CF 3 end group or more CH 3 or CF 3 end groups. In other words, in at least one of the hydrophobic regions, the organic end groups each have a chain of several carbon atoms at which CH 3 or CF 3 groups are located. The hydrophobic behavior is only slightly influenced by the length of the carbon chain. With long chains (up to 20 carbon atoms), with sufficiently high surface density of the organic end groups and a suitable chain structure, additional stabilization can advantageously be achieved by lateral van der Waals interactions take place, it can form a self-assembling monolayer (self assembled monolayer, SAM). However, a short carbon chain and an arrangement in which not every surface atom possesses an organic end group is sufficient for the printing process. In other words, the arrangement may have a relatively low surface density of the organic end groups. Typical concentrations are between 10 14 and 10 11 end groups per cm 2 . Depending on the chain length, a sufficiently high concentration must be achieved in order to achieve a sufficiently strong hydrophobicity, at the same time the concentration should be as low as possible or necessary, since advantageously a subsequent removal of the organic end groups with small end group molecules and / or low surface density is relieved.
Eine höhere Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit bei der Anbindung von methyl- und/oder methylenhaltigen und/oder fluorhaltigen hydrophoben organischen Endgruppen an der Oberfläche einer Druckform kann in einer Reaktion mit wesentlich reaktiveren, insbesondere radikalischen, Ausgangsmolekülen erreicht werden. Beispielsweise kann eine organische Endgruppe durch Reaktion mit Iodoform und/oder mit Trimethylenmethan-Derivaten, welche in einem Triplett und/oder einem dipolaren Singulett-Zustand auftreten können, angebunden werden. Für die praktische Handhabung derart reaktiver Substanzen ist es vorteilhaft, ein stabiles Precursor-Molekül einzusetzen. In vorteilhafter Weise ist dieses das 1,1-Dialkoxy-2-Methylencyclopropan (DMCP). Aus Methylencyclopropan-Derivaten können auf thermischem Wege oder durch Bestrahlung dipolare Trimethylen-Derivate erzeugt werden. Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden anhand der nachfolgenden Beispiele dargestellt.A higher reaction rate in the binding of methyl- and / or methylene-containing and / or fluorine-containing hydrophobic organic end groups on the surface of a printing plate can be achieved in a reaction with much more reactive, especially radical, starting molecules. For example, an organic end group may be attached by reaction with iodoform and / or with trimethylene methane derivatives, which may occur in a triplet and / or a singlet dipolar state. For the practical handling of such reactive substances, it is advantageous to use a stable precursor molecule. This is advantageously the 1,1-dialkoxy-2-methylenecyclopropane (DMCP). From methylenecyclopropane derivatives can be generated thermally or by irradiation dipolar trimethylene derivatives. Further advantages and advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are illustrated by the following examples.
Das erste Beispiel betrifft eine Anbindung einer hydrophoben Schicht mit Alkylendgruppen bzw. Fluoralkylendgruppen mittels Si-C-Bindungen. Die Si-C-Bindungen weisen eine relativ hohe Stabilität auf.The first example relates to a bond of a hydrophobic layer with alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups by means of Si-C bonds. The Si-C bonds have a relatively high stability.
Reaktive Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie beispielsweise Alkene und/oder Alkine, können mittels Photoaktivierung direkt an Silizium unter Bildung von Si-C-Bindungen angelagert werden (≡ Si-R). In anderen Worten ausgedrückt, an Siliziumoberflächenatomen werden R-Endgruppen gebildet oder angebunden, wobei R eine Aryl- oder Alkylgruppe bedeutet. Der Ausgangspunkt für eine solche Anbindung kann besonders vorteilhaft eine wasserstoffterminierte Siliziumoberfläche sein. Ein Verfahren, wie eine derartige wasserstoffterminierte Siliziumoberfläche erhalten werden kann, ist im Dokument
Ausgehend von einer im Wesentlichen gleichmäßigen stabilen Terminierung der Oberfläche mit Aryl- oder Alkylgruppen bzw. fluorierten Aryl- oder Alkylgruppen kann zur Bebilderung mit Laserstrahlung die Oberfläche räumlich selektiv, das heißt in Teilbereichen, oxidiert und damit hydrophiliert werden. Schließlich kann eine Löschung des Bildes erreicht werden, indem die gesamte Oberfläche oxidiert und/oder wieder wasserstoffterminiert wird, so dass der Ausgangszustand zurückerhalten wird.Starting from a substantially uniform, stable termination of the surface with aryl or alkyl groups or fluorinated aryl or alkyl groups, the surface can be spatially selectively, ie in some areas, oxidized and thus hydrophilized for imaging with laser radiation. Finally, deletion of the image can be accomplished by oxidizing and / or rehydrogenating the entire surface so that the initial state is recovered.
In einer ersten Ausführungsform eines Verfahrens zur Bebilderung mit hydrophilen Domänen, das heißt zur Änderung der Benetzungseigenschaft von hydrophob in die Benetzungseigenschaft hydrophil, mit einem Laser im infraroten, sichtbaren oder ultravioletten Spektralbereich in der Atmosphäre werden Aryl- beziehungsweise Alkylendgruppen, insbesondere Methyl- bzw. Fluormethylendgruppen, je nach Bestrahlungszeit, Strahlungsleistung und Wellenlänge mit zunehmender Zahl der Kohlenstoffatome in der organischen Endgruppe möglicherweise nicht immer vollständig, sondern nur teilweise oxidiert und abgetragen. Die verbleibenden Methylen-, Methyl- bzw. Fluormethylendgruppen werden in diesem Fall zu Aldehyd- bzw. Carboxyl-Gruppen oxidiert und damit ebenfalls hydrophil. Eine Schaltung von hydrophob auf hydrophil ist auch möglich, indem die organische Endgruppe, beispielsweise CH3, der organischen Kette umgewandelt wird, ohne die organische Kette ganz abzutragen.In a first embodiment of a method for imaging with hydrophilic domains, that is, for changing the wetting property of hydrophobic in the wetting property hydrophilic, with a laser in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet spectral region in the atmosphere are aryl or alkyl end groups, especially methyl or fluoromethyl end groups Depending on the irradiation time, radiation power and wavelength with increasing number of carbon atoms in the organic end group may not always be complete, but only partially oxidized and removed. The remaining methylene, methyl or fluoromethyl end groups are oxidized in this case to aldehyde or carboxyl groups and thus also hydrophilic. A circuit from hydrophobic to hydrophilic also possible by the organic end group, such as CH 3 , the organic chain is converted without removing the organic chain completely.
Werden sehr einfache Endgruppenmoleküle und/oder ein UV-Laser oder ein VUV-Laser (Vakuum UV, also insbesondere mit einer Wellenlänge kürzer als 200 nm) verwendet, so kann in einer alternativen zweiten, effektiven Ausführungsform des Verfahrens zur Bebilderung beim Bebilderungsschritt mit hydrophilen Domänen oder Teilbereichen die gesamte Endgruppe bis zum Silizium oder zu den Si-O-Si-Bindungen sehr schnell entfernt werden, indem bei der Photodegradierung alle C-C- und C-H-Bindungen dissoziiert und oxidiert werden. Wegen der Mitwirkung von Sauerstoff fallen als flüchtige Reaktionsprodukte der induzierten Radikalreaktionen hauptsächlich H2O und CO2 und eventuell auch CO an. An der derart von organischen Endgruppen befreiten Siliziumoberfläche entstehen hydrophile Gruppen, wie beispielsweise Silanolgruppen. Für den Fall einer Oberfläche aus einer Siliziumnitrid-Keramik können zusätzlich Silylamin-Gruppen entstehen. Für eine leichte Entfernung ist es somit sinnvoll, die Alkylgruppen möglichst kurzkettig zu wählen. Bevorzugt sind Kettenlängen von 1 bis 5 Kohlenstoffatomen. Für eine neue Bebilderung werden die Alkylgruppen vollständig entfernt. Eine Entfernung kann photochemisch mit UV- oder VUV-Lichtquellen, insbesondere Lasern, oder photothermisch mit infraroten oder sichtbaren Lichtquellen, insbesondere Lasern, erreicht werden.If very simple end group molecules and / or a UV laser or a VUV laser (vacuum UV, ie in particular with a wavelength shorter than 200 nm) are used, then in an alternative, second, effective embodiment of the method for imaging in the imaging step with hydrophilic domains or partial regions, the entire end group to the silicon or to the Si-O-Si bonds are removed very rapidly by dissociating and oxidizing all CC and CH bonds in the photodegradation. Due to the involvement of oxygen, the volatile reaction products of the induced radical reactions are mainly H 2 O and CO 2 and possibly also CO. Hydrophilic groups, such as silanol groups, are formed on the silicon surface thus freed from organic end groups. In the case of a surface made of a silicon nitride ceramic silylamine groups may additionally arise. For easy removal it is therefore appropriate to choose the alkyl groups as short as possible. Preferred are chain lengths of 1 to 5 carbon atoms. For a new imaging, the alkyl groups are completely removed. A distance can be achieved photochemically with UV or VUV light sources, in particular lasers, or photothermally with infrared or visible light sources, in particular lasers.
Ein zweites Beispiel bezieht sich auf die Anbindung einer hydrophoben Schicht mit Aryloder Alkylendgruppen bzw. Fluoralkylendgruppen mittels Si-O-C-Bindungen.A second example relates to the attachment of a hydrophobic layer having aryl or alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups by means of Si-O-C bonds.
Auf der Basis von Reaktionen von primären Alkoholen (R-OH) und/oder sekundären Alkoholen (R-(OH)2) und/oder Aldehyden (R-CHO) mit einer wasserstoffterminierten, halogenterminierten oder oxidterminierten Siliziumoberfläche erfolgt die Anbindung des Arylrestes oder Alkylrestes bzw. Fluoralkylrestes an die Oberfläche über eine Sauerstoffbrücke an den Kohlenstoff (Si-O-R). Es entsteht damit eine hydrophobe Oberfläche mit Aryl- oder Alkylendgruppen bzw. fluorierten Alkylendgruppen, welche wie bereits beim ersten Beispiel beschrieben mit hydrophilen Bereichen bebildert werden kann.On the basis of reactions of primary alcohols (R-OH) and / or secondary alcohols (R- (OH) 2 ) and / or aldehydes (R-CHO) with a hydrogen-terminated, haloterminated or oxide-terminated silicon surface, the aryl radical or alkyl radical is attached or fluoroalkyl radical to the surface via an oxygen bridge to the carbon (Si-OR). This results in a hydrophobic surface with aryl or alkyl end groups or fluorinated alkyl end groups, which can be imaged as described in the first example with hydrophilic areas.
Sekundäre Alkohole mit 3 oder 4 Kohlenstoffatomen sind bevorzugt. Die sekundären Alkohole können unter bestimmten Bedingungen O-Brückenbindungen zwischen zwei organischen Endgruppen bilden, so dass der modifizierten Oberfläche zusätzliche Stabilität verliehen wird. Entsprechend den im ersten Beispiel beschriebenen Prozessen kann die Ausgangsterminierung wieder hergestellt werden.Secondary alcohols having 3 or 4 carbon atoms are preferred. The secondary alcohols may, under certain conditions, form O-bonds between two organic end groups, thereby imparting additional stability to the modified surface. According to the processes described in the first example, the initial termination can be restored.
Das dritte Beispiel bezieht sich auf eine Anbindung einer hydrophoben Schicht mit Aryloder Alkylendgruppen bzw. Fluoralkylendgruppen mittels Si-O-Si-C-Bindungen.The third example relates to a connection of a hydrophobic layer with aryl or alkyl end groups or fluoroalkyl end groups by means of Si-O-Si-C bonds.
Ausgangspunkt ist eine oxidierte hydrophile Silizium-, Siliziumoxid- oder Siliziumnitrid-Oberfläche, welche zumindest teilweise mit Silanol- und/oder Silylamin-Gruppen bedeckt ist. Auf dieser Oberfläche werden Moleküle mit hydrophoben Alkylendgruppen bzw. fluorierten Alkylendgruppen chemisorbiert (Si-O-Si-R). Diese hydrophobe Oberfläche kann mit Alkyltrimethoxisilanen, beispielsweise CH3-(CH2)2-Si-(OCH3)3, oder Fluoralkylmethoxisilanen, beispielsweise CF3-(CH2)2-Si-(OCH3)3, hergestellt werden. Dabei können die Siliziumatome der Si-O-Si-Ankergruppe zusätzlich über Sauerstoffbrücken untereinander vernetzt sein. Alternativ dazu reagieren Halogenatome oder NR2-, OH- oder OR-Gruppen von mono-, di- oder trifunktionalen Alkyldimethylsilanen, beispielsweise unter Bildung von Alkyldimethylsilylgruppen (Si-O-Si-(CH3)2-R, insbesondere Si-O-Si-(CH3)3). Die Oberflächendichte der Anker- bzw. der terminierenden organischen Endgruppenmoleküle muss dabei nicht der Dichte der Siliziumoberflächenatome entsprechen, sondern kann geringer sein. Eine höhere Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit für die Hydrophobierung der Oberfläche kann mit ungesättigten Verbindungen, wie beispielsweise Trimethylenmethan-Derivaten erreicht werden. Eine Bebilderung der hydrophoben Druckform in hydrophile Teilbereiche oder Domänen kann mittels Laser, wie bereits beim ersten Beispiel beschrieben, erreicht werden. Der hydrophile Ausgangszustand wird durch eine lichtinduzierte, insbesondere laserinduzierte Oxidation der gesamten Oberfläche zurückerhalten.The starting point is an oxidized hydrophilic silicon, silicon oxide or silicon nitride surface which is at least partially covered with silanol and / or silylamine groups. On this surface molecules with hydrophobic alkyl end groups or fluorinated alkyl end groups are chemisorbed (Si-O-Si-R). This hydrophobic surface can be prepared with alkyltrimethoxysilanes, for example CH 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -Si- (OCH 3 ) 3 , or fluoroalkylmethoxysilanes, for example CF 3 - (CH 2 ) 2 -Si- (OCH 3 ) 3 . The silicon atoms of the Si-O-Si anchor group can additionally be crosslinked to one another via oxygen bridges. Alternatively, halogen atoms or NR 2 , OH or OR groups of mono-, di- or trifunctional alkyldimethylsilanes react, for example to form alkyldimethylsilyl groups (Si-O-Si (CH 3 ) 2 -R, in particular Si-O- Si (CH 3 ) 3 ). The surface density of the anchor or the terminating organic end group molecules does not have to correspond to the density of the silicon surface atoms, but may be lower. A higher reaction rate for the hydrophobing of the surface can be achieved with unsaturated compounds, such as trimethylenemethane derivatives. Imaging of the hydrophobic printing form into hydrophilic subregions or domains can be achieved by means of a laser, as already described in the first example. The hydrophilic starting state is restored by a light-induced, in particular laser-induced oxidation of the entire surface.
Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren sowie deren Beschreibungen dargestellt.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention will be described with reference to the following figures and their descriptions.
Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- die schematische Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens, und
- Fig. 2
- eine schematisches Illustration einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform des Verfahrens.
- Fig. 1
- the schematic representation of the method according to the invention, and
- Fig. 2
- a schematic illustration of a particularly preferred embodiment of the method.
In
In einem ersten erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensschritt wird die Druckform 10 mit einer definierten im Wesentlichen hydrophoben Oberfläche versehen. Die Oberfläche 12 der Druckform 10 wird zu diesem Zweck mit organischen Endgruppen oder fluorierten organischen Endgruppen terminiert. Es werden die freien Valenzen der Siliziumoberflächenatome mit den entsprechenden Endgruppen, insbesondere Arylendgruppen, Alkylendgruppen oder Fluoralkyl-Endgruppen, abgesättigt.In a first method step according to the invention, the
Der hydrophobe Bereich 14 der Druckform 10 wird nun in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt in Teilbereichen hydrophiliert. Dieses kann beispielsweise mit einer der oben angegebenen chemischen Reaktionen, insbesondere gemäß den Beispielen 1 bis 3, erfolgen. Für eine lokale Modifizierung der hydrophoben Oberfläche 14 haben sich zwei Verfahren als besonders geeignet herausgestellt. Wie in
Durch eine Steuerungseinheit 18 wird der Laser 16 angesteuert. Es sind Mittel zur Erzeugung einer Relativbewegung zwischen Laser 16 und Druckform 10 derart vorgesehen, dass der vom Laser 16 emittierte Lichtstrahl 20 alle Punkte der Oberfläche der Druckform 10, welche die Druckfläche darstellen, wenigstens einmal überstrichen werden oder erreicht werden können. Beispielsweise kann die Druckform 10 auf einem Druckformzylinder in einer Druckmaschine aufgebracht oder aufgenommen sein, so dass durch die Rotation des Zylinders um seine Symmetrieachse und eine Translation des Lasers 16 im Wesentlichen parallel zur Symmetrieachse des Zylinders der Lichtstrahl 20 die gesamte Oberfläche der Druckform 10 überstreichen kann. Der Lichtstrahl 20 bzw. der Laser 16 wird, während er über die Druckform geführt wird, ein- und ausgeschaltet oder ein- und ausgeblendet, so dass ein zu druckendes Muster 22 oder das Negativ des Musters als ein hydrophiles Bild in der hydrophoben Oberfläche eingebracht werden kann. Normalerweise ist diese molekulare Eigenschaftsänderung auf der Oberfläche der Druckform 10 mit bloßem Auge nicht zu erkennen, da es sich um eine mikroskopische Modifikation der Oberfläche handelt. Das aufgebrachte zu druckende Muster 22 entspricht einem Vorlagenbild 21, welches auf unterschiedliche Weise erzeugt werden kann. Beispielsweise kann ein Vorlagenbild 21 mit einem Digitalisierungsverfahren oder direkt, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Graphikprogramms oder einer digitalen Kamera, erzeugt werden. Üblicherweise werden die Vorlagenbilder 21 in einem sogenannten RIP (raster imaging processor) verarbeitet und gespeichert. Der Speicher kann innerhalb oder außerhalb der Steuerungseinheit 18 liegen. Basierend auf den im RIP ermittelten und gespeicherten Daten wird dann der Lichtstrahl 20 so gesteuert, dass das zu druckende Muster 22 auf der Druckform 10 aufgebracht wird.By a
Um ein auf diese Art und Weise erzeugtes hydrophiles Bild in einer strukturierten Oberfläche 14 zu löschen, kann in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt in einer ersten Ausführungsform auf alle weiteren Punkte der hydrophoben Oberfläche 14 lokal Energie mit Hilfe des Lasers 16 zugeführt werden, so dass schließlich die gesamte Oberfläche der Druckform 14 hydrophiliert und damit modifiziert, insbesondere einheitlich hydrophiliert oder unstrukturiert, ist. In einer zweiten Ausführungsform kann Energie breitflächig etwa mit einer Lampe, beispielsweise einer UV-Lampe, insbesondere kommerziell verfügbaren Excimer-Lampen mit verschiedenen UV-Wellenlängen, zugeführt werden.In order to erase a hydrophilic image generated in this way in a
Anhand der
In einem folgenden Schritt wird die Oberfläche 12 vor der hydrophoben Terminierung gereinigt. Bevorzugt geschieht dieses durch großflächige Bestrahlung mit dem VUV-Licht einer Lampe unter 200 nm Wellenlänge, bevorzugt 172 nm Wellenlänge. Der Vorgang ist selbstlimitierend; bei Zimmertemperatur überzieht sich die Oberfläche mit einer wenige Monolagen starken Oxidhaut. Alternativ zur Bestrahlung mit UV-Licht kann eine Reinigung durch Behandlung mit Ozon (O3) oder eines anderen Oxidationsmittels, wie zum Beispiel konzentrierter Salpetersäure (HNO3), Wasserstoffperoxid-Lösung (H2O2) oder dergleichen erfolgen. Weiterhin alternativ ist eine Plasmabehandlung wirkungsvoll. Eine oxidative Reinigung kann typischerweise in etwa 10 Minuten abgeschlossen sein.In a subsequent step, the
Durch die im unmittelbar anschließenden Schritt 32 folgenden Terminierung wird die Oberfläche, bevorzugt die gesamte Oberfläche hydrophob, also wasserabweisend. Die Terminierung erfolgt mit Trimethylsilyl-Derivaten, beispielsweise Hexamethyldisiloxan, Chlortrimethylsilan, Hexamethyldisilazan, Ethoxytrimethylsilan oder Dimethylaminotrimethylsilan.As a result of the termination occurring in the immediately following
Eine derartige Terminierungsreaktion kann nach einem allgemeinen Reaktionsschema wie folgt ablaufen:
Bevorzugt ist eine Präparationsmischung aus Hexamethyldisiloxan, einem vollständig am zweiten C-Atom halogenierten Ethanol und konzentrierter Schwefelsäure (ungefähr 90%ig). Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Mischung aus 1,0 bis 1,6 g Hexamethyldisiloxan, 4,5 bis 8,0 g Trifluorethanol und 0,8 bis 1,5 g 90%ige Schwefelsäure, insbesondere 1,3 g Hexamethyldisiloxan, 6,0 g Trifluorethanol und 1,2 g 90%ige Schwefelsäure. Schon aus finanziellen Gründen ist die Trifluorethanolkonzentration zu minimieren. Für die Variation des Mischungsverhältnisses ist zu beachten, dass bei einer zu hohen Konzentration von Hexamethyldisiloxan und zu wenig der anderen Komponenten eine Phasentrennung erfolgt. Bei zu viel Schwefelsäure können unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen auftreten.Preference is given to a preparation mixture of hexamethyldisiloxane, a completely halogenated on the second carbon atom of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid (about 90% pure). Particularly preferred is a mixture of 1.0 to 1.6 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, 4.5 to 8.0 g of trifluoroethanol and 0.8 to 1.5 g of 90% sulfuric acid, in particular 1.3 g of hexamethyldisiloxane, 6.0 g Trifluoroethanol and 1.2 g of 90% sulfuric acid. Already off For financial reasons, the trifluoroethanol concentration should be minimized. For the variation of the mixing ratio, it should be noted that at too high a concentration of hexamethyldisiloxane and too little of the other components, phase separation occurs. Too much sulfuric acid can cause unwanted side reactions.
Die flüssige Mischung wird zur Terminierung auf die gereinigte oxidierte Siliziumoberfläche gebracht. Beispielsweise kann die Mischung mit einem Schaber aus Kunststoff auf die Oberfläche gestrichen werden. Alternativ dazu kann die Oberfläche langsam in der Präparationsmischung gebadet, durch ein mit der Präparationsmischung gefülltes Bad geführt werden. Die Reaktionszeit liegt bei etwa 10 Sekunden. Von der terminierten Oberfläche fließt die Präparationslösung selbständig ab beziehungsweise sammelt sich zu kleinen Tröpfchen, welche mit Wasser abgespült werden oder mittels des Dochtprinzips von der Oberfläche abgesaugt werden können.The liquid mixture is placed on the cleaned oxidized silicon surface for termination. For example, the mixture can be painted on the surface with a plastic scraper. Alternatively, the surface may be slowly bathed in the preparation mixture, passed through a bath filled with the preparation mixture. The reaction time is about 10 seconds. From the terminated surface, the preparation solution flows independently or collects to small droplets, which are rinsed with water or can be sucked by the wick principle of the surface.
Alternativ zu der beschriebenen Präparationsmischung kann auch besonders vorteilhaft Hexamethyldisilazan eingesetzt werden. Diese Substanz kann direkt, also ohne weitere Komponente, angewendet werden. Es kann gut als Dampf der Oberfläche zugeführt werden, allerdings ist eine Absaugvorrichtung vorteilhaft, da dabei Ammoniakgas (NH3) freigesetzt wird. Da Hexamethyldisilazan einen hohen Dampfdruck besitzt, ist ein anschließendes Abspülen der Oberfläche nicht notwendig. Die Reaktionszeit liegt ebenfalls bei etwa 10 Sekunden.As an alternative to the preparation mixture described, hexamethyldisilazane can also be used with particular advantage. This substance can be applied directly, ie without any further component. It can be well supplied as a vapor of the surface, however, a suction device is advantageous because it ammonia gas (NH 3 ) is released. Since hexamethyldisilazane has a high vapor pressure, subsequent rinsing of the surface is not necessary. The reaction time is also about 10 seconds.
Das Ergebnis der Terminierung ist eine Oberfläche 12, welche anorganische gebundenes Silizium und eine oxidierte Oberflächenschicht 26 (Silizium(di)oxid) aufweist, auf der Hydroxylgruppen durch Trimethysiloxygruppen in einem Umfang ersetzt worden sind, dass die Oberfläche als ganzes hydrophobe Eigenschaften aufweist. In
Im unmittelbar anschließenden Schritt wird die hydrophobe Terminierung durch Bebilderung oder Energieeintrag lokal entfernt, so dass an den bebilderten Stellen wieder eine hydrophile Silizium(di)oxidoberfläche entsteht (Strukturierungsschritt 34, Teilbild III der
Nach erfolgter Strukturierung in hydrophile und hydrophobe Bereiche, einem zu vervielfältigenden Bild oder Farbauszug entsprechend, kann die Druckform in einem Offsetdruckverfahren mit konventioneller Druckfarbe abgedruckt werden. Nach Beendigung des Druckens können Reste der Druckfarbe mit für den Druckereibetrieb üblichen Waschmitteln oder Lösungsmitteln entfernt werden. Für eine Grobreinigung sind etwa 5 Minuten erforderlich.After structuring into hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas, corresponding to a picture or color separation to be duplicated, the printing form can be printed in an offset printing process with conventional printing ink. After completion of printing residues of the ink can be removed with conventional detergents or solvents for printing. For a rough cleaning about 5 minutes are required.
Schließlich kann die Strukturierung gelöscht werden: Beim Löschvorgang werden sowohl organische Verunreinigungen, wie Farbreste oder Lösungsmittelreste, als auch die hydrophobe Terminierung der Oberfläche beseitigt (Löschschritt 36 in
Mit Hilfe des beschriebenen Verfahrens, in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen, lässt sich eine hydrophobe Oberfläche 14 der Druckform 10 durch lokale photoinduzierte Reaktionsprozesse in Teilbereichen in einen veränderten, zweiten chemischen Zustand, insbesondere hydrophilen Zustand überführen. Die Oberfläche der Druckform 10 kann auch großflächig in entweder den ersten chemischen Zustand oder den zweiten chemischen Zustand versetzt werden, so dass ein zu druckendes Muster 22 wieder entfernt wird und eine erneute Strukturierung vorgenommen werden kann. Die Druckform 10 kann auch als wiederbeschreibbare Druckform oder wiederverwendbare Druckform bezeichnet werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Druckform ist insbesondere eine Offset-Druckform.With the aid of the described method, in various embodiments, a
- 1010
- Druckformprinting form
- 1212
- Oberflächesurface
- 1414
- hydrophober Bereichhydrophobic area
- 1616
- Laserlaser
- 1818
- Steuereinheitcontrol unit
- 2020
- Lichtstrahlbeam of light
- 2121
- Vorlagetemplate
- 2222
- zu druckendes Musterpattern to be printed
- 2424
- Oberflächenliniesurface line
- 2626
- oxidierte Oberflächenschichtoxidized surface layer
- 2828
- Valenzvalence
- 3030
- organische Endgruppeorganic end group
- 3232
- Terminierungsschritttermination step
- 3434
- Strukturierungsschrittpatterning step
- 3636
- Löschschritterasure step
- 3838
- neue Oberflächenlinienew surface line
Claims (4)
- Method of changing the wetting properties of a printing forme (10) having a surface (12) which includes amorphous, crystalline, oxide-ceramic or nitride-ceramic silicon, wherein silicon atoms in the surface (12) are brought to a first chemical state with first terminal groups including silanol groups and with a hydrophilic wetting property and wherein silicon atoms in a subset of the surface (12) are brought to a second chemical state different from the first state and including second terminal groups and having a hydrophobic wetting property by modifying the chemical terminal groups of the surface (12),
characterized by the fact
that in the hydrophobic regions of the surface (12), organic terminal groups are bound to silicon atoms in such a way that the silicon atoms are substituted either with more than one CH3 group or with more than one OCH3 group or are substituted with at least one organic terminal group different from the CH3 group or from the OCH3 group and that the binding is done as follows:- that aryl groups and/or alkyl groups and/or fluoroalkyl groups and/or chlorakyl groups are bound via an Si-C bond by photoinitiation with halogenosilanes, alcohols, alkenes, or alkines; or- that organic terminal groups are bound by reaction with iodoform and/or trimethylenemethane derivates and/or methylenecyclopropane derivates and/or 1.1-dialkoxy-2-methylenecyclopropane (DMCP) and/or trimethylsilyl derivates; or- that aryl groups and/or alkyl groups are bound via an Si-O-C bond by reaction of primary alcohols and/or secondary alcohols and/or aldehydes; or- that alkyl groups are bound via an Si-O-Si-C bond by reaction with alkylalkoxysilanes, alkylalkaminosilanes and/or alkylchlorsilanes. - Method of changing the wetting properties of a printing forme (10) according to Claim 1,
characterized by
the fact that the trimethylsilyl derivate is hexamethyldisiloxane or hexamethyldisilazane. - Method of changing the wetting properties of a printing forme (10) according to Claim 1,
characterized by
the fact that the reaction is initiated and/or accelerated by means of exposure to light. - Method of changing the wetting properties of a printing forme (10) according to Claim 1,
characterized by
the fact that alkyl groups are bound via an Si-O-Si-C bond by reaction with alkyltrimethoxysilanes and/or fluoroalkylmethoxysilanes.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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| JP (1) | JP2004195979A (en) |
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| EP1995060A1 (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-11-26 | Ernst-Rudolf Dr. Weidlich | Method for influencing the colour content and/or colour dispensing ability of printing plates and printing device |
| DE102012013302A1 (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | printing form |
| JP6130147B2 (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2017-05-17 | 太陽誘電ケミカルテクノロジー株式会社 | Structure and manufacturing method of structure |
| TWI797640B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2023-04-01 | 法商液態空氣喬治斯克勞帝方法研究開發股份有限公司 | Silicon-based self-assembling monolayer compositions and surface preparation using the same |
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| US4718340A (en) * | 1982-08-09 | 1988-01-12 | Milliken Research Corporation | Printing method |
| US6321652B1 (en) * | 1997-02-06 | 2001-11-27 | Star Micronics Co., Ltd. | Image forming and plate making method and apparatus |
| DE69841944D1 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 2010-11-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Structure for patterning, patterning and their application |
| JP3384544B2 (en) * | 1997-08-08 | 2003-03-10 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Pattern forming body and pattern forming method |
| CZ296102B6 (en) * | 1998-10-10 | 2006-01-11 | Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag | Method for modifying printing mould wetting characteristics and printing mould per se |
| JP2000181071A (en) * | 1998-12-15 | 2000-06-30 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | Original plate for planographic printing plate |
| JP3534697B2 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2004-06-07 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Method for producing printing plate material, method for recycling, and printing machine |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| FADEEV A.Y.; MCCARTHY T.J.: "TRIALKYLSILANE MONOLAYERS COVALENTLY ATTACHED TO SILICON SURFACES: WETTABILITY STUDIES INDICATING THAT MOLECULAR TOPOGRAPHY CONTRIBUTES TO CONTACT ANGLE HYSTERESIS", LANGMUIR, vol. 15, no. 15, 30 April 1999 (1999-04-30), AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, DC, US, pages 3759 - 3766, XP001053741 * |
| WASSERMAN S.R. ET AL: "STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF ALKYLSILOXANE MONOLAYERS FORMED BY REACTION OF ALKYLTICHLOROSILANES ON SILICON SUBSTRATES", LANGMUIR, vol. 5, no. 4, 1 July 1989 (1989-07-01), AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, DC, US, pages 1074 - 1087, XP001006225 * |
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| DE10356600A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 |
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| ATE486718T1 (en) | 2010-11-15 |
| EP1431031A3 (en) | 2004-09-22 |
| EP1431031A2 (en) | 2004-06-23 |
| JP2004195979A (en) | 2004-07-15 |
| CN1508010A (en) | 2004-06-30 |
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