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EP1392481B1 - Method for the production of a three-dimensional, flexibly deformable surface element - Google Patents

Method for the production of a three-dimensional, flexibly deformable surface element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1392481B1
EP1392481B1 EP02747171A EP02747171A EP1392481B1 EP 1392481 B1 EP1392481 B1 EP 1392481B1 EP 02747171 A EP02747171 A EP 02747171A EP 02747171 A EP02747171 A EP 02747171A EP 1392481 B1 EP1392481 B1 EP 1392481B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surface element
grooves
workpiece
wood
thickness
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP02747171A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1392481A1 (en
Inventor
Achim Möller
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Padana AG
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27DWORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
    • B27D1/08Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27HBENDING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; COOPERAGE; MAKING WHEELS FROM WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL
    • B27H1/00Bending wood stock, e.g. boards

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional bend-deformable surface element made of wood or wood composite material (3D surface element), which is used for the production of layered, three-dimensional shaped, preferably cupped parts or for coating other, three-dimensionally shaped components of different Materials is suitable.
  • a surface element such as a wood veneer passed through a scoring knife gate and thereby cut across the entire thickness of the veneer in strips to allow their required for a three-dimensional deformation displacement in the area. This cut produces very high cutting forces, which quickly tear the wood veneer when it passes through the gate. This risk of breakage becomes extremely high if the wood fibers do not run exactly parallel to the strip direction. Thus, this method is unreliable.
  • a surface element is cut into strips by means of a punch cut or roll cut, but comparable problems arise as with cutting by means of scribe measuring gate.
  • two surface elements are glued crosswise together and then cut by means of roller blades from both outer sides in strips, wherein the resulting surface element is three-dimensionally deformable. While cutting does not break the strips during the processing phase because the strips are supported by the underlying surface element, this type of cut relies on doubling two surface elements, which is desirable only in certain cases for processing three-dimensionally deformable surface elements becomes. The resulting at the intersection V-shaped grooves are open towards the outside and thereby mark what is undesirable for molded parts made from it. Finally, the cutting with closely spaced roller knives as well as the above-mentioned scoring knife gate leads to extreme cutting forces.
  • DD 271 670 envisages the metering of surface elements from a veneer block consisting of superimposed veneers.
  • the surface element does not have any usual and for viewing surfaces usually desired wood image, but shows a layer structure.
  • the width of the surface element produced is procedurally limited.
  • DE 32 09 300 A1 describes the introduction of notched cuts by means of special saws into a veneer edge.
  • the task here is merely to improve the 2D bending ability (bendability) across the kerf and not the displaceability of parts of the veneer, which would not be possible in this way.
  • DE 31 18 996 A1 such notches, possibly proposed in cooperation with a not-notched support layer, whereby the folding of the veneer to be facilitated.
  • films or layers of paint are applied to the veneer.
  • DE 27 43 231 A1 is called, where a support layer of high tensile strength is applied to the veneer.
  • the task in all proposed solutions is the stabilization of the continuous veneer surface and not the simultaneous guarantee of a shear deformation capability.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a Three-dimensionally bendable surface element made of wood or Wood composite material for the production of layered, three-dimensional Moldings or for coating of three-dimensional moldings, in which the Surface element during and after its production and further processing insensitive to the risk of damage or destruction Reason of limited material properties (danger of breakage, cracking tendency) is.
  • the technological reliability problems in the Production of a three-dimensional bendable surface element Wood or wood composite material according to DD 271 670 B5 eliminated and at simultaneous perfect quality of the product a high effectiveness of Production to be ensured.
  • Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent Claims.
  • the method for producing a three-dimensional bendable Surface element made of wood or wood composite material is in the following Steps realized:
  • Starting material is a workpiece made of wood, layered wood (Laminated wood) or a composite of wood and one or more others Surface materials consists and this workpiece at least 5% thicker than the 3D surface element to be produced is.
  • this workpiece are preferably longitudinal to the wood fiber direction in Distance from 0.1 to 10mm, in special cases up to 100mm, narrow grooves brought in.
  • the groove depth is in each case greater than or equal to the thickness of the 3D surface element and smaller than the thickness of the workpiece.
  • the proportion of the workpiece that exceeds the thickness of the 3D surface element to be produced is separated from the thus remaining 3D surface element or treated so that, at least temporarily no solid cohesion of grooves separated areas (strips of the future 3D surface element) more is available.
  • the areas of the workpiece which are divided by grooves from one another are glued together by a cross-bond, preferably before the 3D surface element is separated off.
  • the 3D surface element in strips of a width of 0.1 divided to 10mm (100mm) and is thus according to DD 271 670 B5 after the Relaxation of the reversible composite 3D-deformable.
  • the grooves according to the invention are preferably V-shaped and have an opening angle ⁇ of up to 15 degrees, and are introduced by means of scoring knives or roller knives preferably moving longitudinally to the fiber direction.
  • the relative movement knife - workpiece is decisive.
  • the reasons of stability in the thickness down limited knives are arranged to achieve the slight groove intervals in two or more rows one behind the other. This offset also brings the advantage that the displacement of the material to be machined can be distributed over the multiple groove width when dipping the knife, which reduces the cutting forces of the knife.
  • scoring or roller knives it is also possible to use moving punching blades which are inserted into the material transversely to the surface of the workpiece in a temporally and / or locally offset manner for introducing a number of grooves.
  • the grooves may also have a different profile from the V-shape.
  • the production of the cross-connection of the grooved areas takes place.
  • Particularly advantageous is the pressing of a filling and optionally offset with other substances such as fire retardant or UV stabilizing substances adhesive in the V-shaped grooves, which ensures the material cohesion in the groove area until further processing after the partial or complete, but reversible solidification.
  • the cross-connection may also preferably be made prior to separation of the material by application of a shear-deformable and / or reversibly-consolidating substance such as individual threads, a woven fabric, a non-woven, a film or an adhesive layer, either instead of the pressed-in adhesive or in addition, such as a Partial reinforcement of the 3D surface element on areas of extreme stress during the subsequent 3D deformation.
  • a shear-deformable and / or reversibly-consolidating substance such as individual threads, a woven fabric, a non-woven, a film or an adhesive layer, either instead of the pressed-in adhesive or in addition, such as a Partial reinforcement of the 3D surface element on areas of extreme stress during the subsequent 3D deformation.
  • the mentioned variants of the cross-connection can also be realized after the separation of the described material, wherein between the phase of the separation and the application of the cross-connection a space-maintaining guidance of the strips must take place.
  • the cross-linking by adhesive in the V-grooves allows the 3D element during the phase of the subsequent 3D deformation a shear deformation of the strips, without causing the joints between the strips open.
  • This Schubverform stresses is achieved by under standard conditions according to elastically-plastically adjusted binder, by re-softening (reactivation) as a result of targeted actions or timed so 3D deformation that the cross-bond finally solidifies after this deformation by an appropriate reaction of the binder.
  • a cross-bond by means of a coated substance allows the shear deformation the strip by its material-related Schubverform sheep and / or the deformability of the adhesive layer.
  • the stability of the strips of the separated 3D surface element in addition to the described cross-bond is increased by the barrier effect of the layers so that even extremely schrägfasriges or brittle starting material such as mahogany or wood grain can be processed safely to a 3D surface element .
  • This barrier effect arises in deliberately transversely layered layers of wood (veneer), but also with respect to the wood fiber direction parallel layered layers, as practically always a deviation from the assumed fiber direction and thus a certain crossover occurs.
  • the same barrier effect arises when using a further used for stratification sheet material such as a plastic film or a nonwoven.
  • the production of the 3D surface element by separation from the rest of the material takes place if the starting workpiece is only slightly thicker than the 3D surface element (eg a piece of veneer), preferably by grinding the remaining material.
  • the grooves are continuous, and the desired 3D deformability is achieved.
  • a grinding of the surface is anyway required for 3D surface elements made of knife or rotary veneer when used as a cover layer in a molded part, so that this operation means no additional effort.
  • other removal and thereby smoothing methods such as planing by means of scrapers or longitudinal blades (finishing) are possible.
  • the already established cross-connection between the strips stabilizes the workpiece during the separation and makes it possible to handle the finished 3D surface element as well as conventional wood veneer.
  • the separation of beyond the thickness of the 3D surface element beyond Materials can also be torn off by one, with only one Pressure-bonding layer attached.
  • Such a layer exists preferably made of plastic and may possibly after a corresponding Reprocessing be reused several times. But you can also as protective film during subsequent transport and storage remain on the 3D surface element until further processing particularly valuable materials such as maser veneer is advantageous.
  • a plastic film can also soften it by e.g. Melting be made, which is also a desired Displaceability of the strips leads. This softening becomes parallel to reverse the possibly additionally used cross-connection made.
  • the particular advantage here lies in the possibility of this plastic film equal to the bonding of the 3D surface element with e.g. a carrier molding or for surface treatment on the later outer surface of the molding to be able to use.
  • the 3D surface element may preferably be brought to a wood moisture of over 10%, preferably to about 15% to 22% before its inventive production, wherein in addition to the not in moisture equilibrium water content, a fungus-inhibiting substance such as formaldehyde introduced becomes. In this state, the 3D surface element is storable without being attacked by fungi.
  • a fungus-inhibiting substance such as formaldehyde introduced becomes.
  • formaldehyde introduced becomes.
  • the 3D surface element is storable without being attacked by fungi.
  • Another advantage is that the 3D surface element is significantly better 3D deformable, since the individual strips are bendable in smaller radii than with normal compensation moisture. This effect can be further increased if additional heating takes place before 3D-forming.
  • a fire-retardant substance is added to the additionally introduced water.
  • the 3D surface element can also be pretreated with wood-plasticizing substances such as ammonia. This results in comparable advantages as in the described moisture treatment.
  • the 3D surface element is a treated known impregnating resin.
  • a resin penetrates into the interior of the Wood texture, but also wets the surface of the stripes of the 3D surface element.
  • the resin is adjusted so that it is in the before 3D-forming liquefied to take place heating and thus the shift the strip of 3D surface element allows.
  • impregnated for Wood known improvement in water resistance is the one with the Impregnation, reversible bonding of the strips of the 3D surface element advantageous.
  • the grooved and abraded Veneer are preferably found as a decorative cover layer veneer in the production of plywood moldings for chairs, armchairs, Interior fittings for caravans or ships, cases, containers such as suitcases, Bags or cans, musical instruments, cases for e.g. electronic equipment such as speakers or televisions, toys, sports equipment.
  • Such Surface elements are also made as a coating material of molded parts other materials suitable for the applications mentioned.
  • Furniture front parts made of e.g. Chipboard or fiberboard like 3D doors or circumferential tabletop profiles (3D "edges"), of car interior trim or operating parts such as steering wheels made of plastic or metal parts or of Aircraft interior linings made of lightweight plastic elements.
  • a beech veneer of thickness 1.2 mm (1) passes through a scoring knife gate, the knife (2) 1 mm far out of the knife carrier (3) protrude.
  • Position (4) is the lateral knife spacing with 1.0 mm, position (5) the knife offset in the working direction of 6 mm.
  • 1 mm deep grooves (6) are cut into the veneer (1) at a distance of 1 mm. The remaining 0.2 mm form the temporary connection (7) of the grooved areas.
  • the wood fibers running obliquely relative to the grooves (6) act to strengthen the connection (7) for the entire workpiece (1), so that a fracture of the obliquely chamfered sections between the parts Grooves (8), the later strip, is avoided by the action of the high cutting forces.
  • the blade offset (5) causes the blades (2) immersed in the workpiece (1) to be laterally separated from each other by 2 mm and thus sufficient material from the workpiece (1) to pass through the volume displaced by the blades (2) To absorb compaction.
  • the now grooved veneer passes through a heat zone (9), where it is brought to a temperature of 95 ° C and then a glue roller (10), a hot melt adhesive (11) with a temperature of 160 ° C in the grooves (6). einpresst. While passing through a cooling zone (12), the hot melt adhesive (11) solidifies. Thereafter, the above temporary connection (7) including a safety allowance of 0.1 mm is ground by means of a grinding roller (13), leaving a 0.9 mm thick, three-dimensionally bendable surface element (14) whose strip (15) through the hot melt adhesive held together. After its reactivation (heating), the hot-melt adhesive (11) allows the displacement (16) of the strips (15) and thus the 3D deformation of the entire surface element (17).
  • the hot melt sealant seals the joints between the strips on the molded part made from the 3D sheet, thereby preventing ingress of liquid surface material, thereby avoiding optical highlighting of the joints. Furthermore, so the strength and rigidity of the molded part is increased.
  • the 3D surface element is used to make a musical instrument molding.
  • a chamois made of cherry wood (18) with the dimensions 100 x 250 x 1500 mm 3 passes through four pulley shafts, which each contain roller blade (19) at a distance of 1.2 mm, the roller blades are laterally offset by 0.3 mm, so that the grooves (20) produced therewith have a spacing of 0.3 mm.
  • the roller knives dip 0.4 mm deep, so that 0.4 mm deep grooves are cut into the shroud. Subsequently, the injection of PU adhesive dispersion (21) into the grooves (20), which quickly solidifies due to the small adhesive volume in the grooves.
  • the shroud passes through a finishing machine (22) in which a 0.3 mm thick, three-dimensionally deformable surface element (23) is cut from the grooved side. This process is repeated until the Kantel is worked up.
  • a lateral stop ruler as well as pressure rollers on the opposite side ensure that the grooves are congruent when repeating the diameters.
  • the 3D surface element is processed to produce a heavily three-dimensionally shaped case.
  • a walnut burl veneer (24) of thickness 0.6 mm is made by means of a polyurethane adhesive on a beech-peeled veneer (25) of thickness 0.6 mm glued. Further processing of the resulting 1.2 mm thick Layer wood is analogous to Example 1, but instead of the Ritzmessergatters a multi-blade circular saw with 1 mm thick and at an angle of 7 ° ground circular saw blades for introducing the grooves (27) in the im Example 1 mentioned other dimensions is used. The saws burden the plywood little, leaving a destruction of the maser veneer is avoided during the cut.
  • the beech veneer stabilizes the otherwise very brittle Maserfurnier also during and after the further Processing as in the pressing of the hot melt adhesive and the Grinding to a thickness of 0.9 mm.
  • the surface element is used to produce a strongly profiled front component a container furniture used.
  • a composite material consists of a 0,5 mm thick birch maser veneer, on the top of a 0.5 mm thick soft PVC film by means of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is glued on.
  • On the underside of the birch maser veneer is a 0.4 mm thick polyacrylate film by means of a fully cured Polyurethane adhesive glued.
  • This composite is used by the Bottom of analogous example 1 using scoring blades 1 mm deep and at a distance grooved by 0.8 mm.
  • the polyacrylate film blocks the birch maser veneer and stabilizes it.
  • the grooves then filled by means of hot melt adhesive. Thereafter, the PVC film of subtracted from the composite.
  • the contact adhesive is adjusted so that it only causes a tack gluing that can be released with moderate force, wherein the contact adhesive dissolves completely from the veneer.
  • the contact adhesive dissolves completely from the veneer.
  • the surface elements can optionally be stored.
  • the PVC film assumes the function of a protective film. The PVC film may be cleaned and reused by the adhesive as needed become.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)

Abstract

A method of producing a three-dimensionally, flexibly deformable surface element of wood or wood composite material is provided. A workpiece is used having a thickness at least 5% greater than the thickness of a three-dimensional surface element that is to be produced. Narrow, spaced-apart grooves are introduced into the workpiece and have a depth greater than or the same as the thickness of the three-dimensional surface element yet less than the thickness of the workpiece. The portion of the workpiece that is greater than the thickness of the surface element is separated or otherwise processed from the remainder of surface element in such a way that at least temporarily no fixed cohesion of portions separated by the grooves exist. Prior to, during of after separation from the workpiece the portions thereof separated from one another by the grooves are fixed to one another and/or to a substrate by a transverse connection or bond.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächenelementes aus Holz oder Holzverbundwerkstoff (3D-Flächenelement), welches zur Herstellung von geschichteten, dreidimensional geformten, vorzugsweise schalenförmigen Teilen oder zum Beschichten von anderen, dreidimensional geformten Bauelementen aus verschiedenen Werkstoffen geeignet ist.The invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional bend-deformable surface element made of wood or wood composite material (3D surface element), which is used for the production of layered, three-dimensional shaped, preferably cupped parts or for coating other, three-dimensionally shaped components of different Materials is suitable.

Die Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächenelementes wird in DD 271 670 B5 beschrieben. Danach wird ein Flächenelement, wie z. B. ein Holzfurnier durch ein Ritzmesser-Gatter geleitet und dabei über die gesamte Dicke des Furnieres in Streifen geschnitten, um deren für eine dreidimensionale Verformung erforderliche Verschiebbarkeit in der Fläche zu ermöglichen. Bei diesem Schnitt entstehen sehr hohe Schnittkräfte, die das Holzfurnier beim Hindurchziehen durch das Gatter schnell zerreißen lassen. Diese Bruchgefahr wird extrem hoch, wenn die Holzfasern nicht genau parallel zur Streifenrichtung verlaufen. Somit ist dieses Verfahren unzuverlässig. Nach einer weiteren Variante wird ein Flächenelement mittels Stanzschnitt oder Rollenschnitt in Streifen geschnitten, wobei jedoch vergleichbare Probleme wie beim Schneiden mittels Ritzmesssergattern entstehen.
Nach einer Variante werden zwei Flächenelemente kreuzweise miteinander verklebt und danach mittels Rollenmessern jeweils von beiden Außenseiten in Streifen geschnitten, wobei das so entstandene Flächenelement dreidimensional verformbar ist. Das Schneiden führt zwar nicht zum Brechen der Streifen während der Bearbeitungsphase, da die Streifen durch das darunter liegende Flächenelement gestützt werden, jedoch ist diese Art des Schnittes auf das Doppeln von zwei Flächenelementen angewiesen, was nur in bestimmten Fällen der Verarbeitung von dreidimensional verformbaren Flächenelementen gewünscht wird. Die beim Schnitt entstehenden V-förmigen Nuten sind nach der Außenseite hin offen und markieren sich dadurch, was für daraus hergestellt Formteile unerwünscht ist. Schließlich führt das Schneiden mit dicht nebeneinander angeordneten Rollenmessern wie auch beim o.g. Ritzmesser-gatter zu extremen Schnittkräften.
Eine weitere Variante in DD 271 670 sieht das Abmessern von Flächenelementen von einem aus übereinandergelegten Furnieren bestehenden Furnierblock vor. Hierbei entstehen zwar keine der genannten Zuverlässigkeitsprobleme, das Flächenelement hat jedoch kein übliches und für Sichtflächen meist gewünschtes Holzbild, sondern zeigt eine Schichtstruktur. Außerdem ist die Breite des hergestellten Flächenelementes verfahrensbedingt eng begrenzt.
The production of a three-dimensionally bendable surface element is described in DD 271 670 B5. Thereafter, a surface element, such. As a wood veneer passed through a scoring knife gate and thereby cut across the entire thickness of the veneer in strips to allow their required for a three-dimensional deformation displacement in the area. This cut produces very high cutting forces, which quickly tear the wood veneer when it passes through the gate. This risk of breakage becomes extremely high if the wood fibers do not run exactly parallel to the strip direction. Thus, this method is unreliable. According to another variant, a surface element is cut into strips by means of a punch cut or roll cut, but comparable problems arise as with cutting by means of scribe measuring gate.
According to a variant, two surface elements are glued crosswise together and then cut by means of roller blades from both outer sides in strips, wherein the resulting surface element is three-dimensionally deformable. While cutting does not break the strips during the processing phase because the strips are supported by the underlying surface element, this type of cut relies on doubling two surface elements, which is desirable only in certain cases for processing three-dimensionally deformable surface elements becomes. The resulting at the intersection V-shaped grooves are open towards the outside and thereby mark what is undesirable for molded parts made from it. Finally, the cutting with closely spaced roller knives as well as the above-mentioned scoring knife gate leads to extreme cutting forces.
Another variant in DD 271 670 envisages the metering of surface elements from a veneer block consisting of superimposed veneers. Although none of the above-mentioned reliability problems arise, the surface element does not have any usual and for viewing surfaces usually desired wood image, but shows a layer structure. In addition, the width of the surface element produced is procedurally limited.

In DE 32 09 300 A1 wird das Einbringen von Kerbschnitten mittels spezieller Sägen in eine Furnierkante beschrieben. Aufgabe ist hier lediglich die Verbesserung der 2D-Biegefähigkeit (Abwinkelbarkeit) quer zum Kerbschnitt und nicht die Verschiebbarkeit von Teilen des Furniers, welche auf diese Weise auch nicht möglich wäre. Ebenso werden in DE 31 18 996 A1 solche Kerbschnitte, ggf. in Zusammenwirken mit einer nicht mit gekerbten Trägerschicht vorgeschlagen, wodurch das Falten des Furnieres erleichtert werden soll.
Zum Stabilisieren von Furnieren, die auf ein Trägermaterial aufgepresst werden sollen, wird eine Reihe von Lösungen angeboten, bei denen Folien oder Lackschichten auf das Furnier aufgetragen werden. Als Beispiel sei DE 27 43 231 A1 genannt, wo eine Stützschicht hoher Zugfestigkeit auf das Furnier aufgetragen wird. Aufgabe ist jedoch bei allen Lösungsvorschlägen die Stabilisierung der durchgängigen Furnierfläche und nicht die gleichzeitige Gewährleistung einer Schubverformungsfähigkeit.
DE 32 09 300 A1 describes the introduction of notched cuts by means of special saws into a veneer edge. The task here is merely to improve the 2D bending ability (bendability) across the kerf and not the displaceability of parts of the veneer, which would not be possible in this way. Likewise, in DE 31 18 996 A1 such notches, possibly proposed in cooperation with a not-notched support layer, whereby the folding of the veneer to be facilitated.
To stabilize veneers that are to be pressed onto a carrier material, a number of solutions are offered in which films or layers of paint are applied to the veneer. As an example, DE 27 43 231 A1 is called, where a support layer of high tensile strength is applied to the veneer. However, the task in all proposed solutions is the stabilization of the continuous veneer surface and not the simultaneous guarantee of a shear deformation capability.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächenelementes aus Holz oder Holzverbundwerkstoff zur Herstellung von geschichteten, dreidimensionalen Formteilen oder zu Beschichten von dreidimensionalen Formteilen, bei dem das Flächenelement während und nach seiner Herstellung und Weiterverarbeitung unempfindlich gegenüber der Gefahr der Beschädigung oder Zerstörung auf Grund von begrenzten Werkstoffeigenschaften (Bruchgefahr, Rissneigung) ist. insbesondere sollen die technologischen Zuverlässigkeitsprobleme bei der Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächenelementes aus Holz oder Holzverbundwerkstoff gemäß DD 271 670 B5 beseitigt und bei gleichzeitiger einwandfreier Qualität des Produktes eine hohe Effektivität der Fertigung sichergestellt werden.The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a Three-dimensionally bendable surface element made of wood or Wood composite material for the production of layered, three-dimensional Moldings or for coating of three-dimensional moldings, in which the Surface element during and after its production and further processing insensitive to the risk of damage or destruction Reason of limited material properties (danger of breakage, cracking tendency) is. In particular, the technological reliability problems in the Production of a three-dimensional bendable surface element Wood or wood composite material according to DD 271 670 B5 eliminated and at simultaneous perfect quality of the product a high effectiveness of Production to be ensured.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs. Vorzugsweise Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der rückbezogenen Ansprüche.The object is solved by the features of the main claim. Preferably Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent Claims.

Das Verfahren zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächen-elementes aus Holz oder Holzverbundwerkstoff wird in folgenden Schritten realisiert:The method for producing a three-dimensional bendable Surface element made of wood or wood composite material is in the following Steps realized:

Ausgangsmaterial ist ein Werkstück, das aus Holz, geschichtetem Holz (Lagenholz) oder einem Verbund aus Holz und einem oder mehreren weiteren Flächenmaterialien besteht und dieses Werkstück mindestens 5% dicker als das herzustellende 3D-Flächenelement ist.Starting material is a workpiece made of wood, layered wood (Laminated wood) or a composite of wood and one or more others Surface materials consists and this workpiece at least 5% thicker than the 3D surface element to be produced is.

In dieses Werkstück werden vorzugsweise längs zur Holzfaserrichtung im Abstand von 0,1 bis 10mm, in besonderen Fällen bis 100 mm, schmale Nuten eingebracht. Die Nuttiefe ist jeweils größer oder gleich der Dicke des 3D-Flächenelementes und kleiner als die Dicke des Werkstückes.In this workpiece are preferably longitudinal to the wood fiber direction in Distance from 0.1 to 10mm, in special cases up to 100mm, narrow grooves brought in. The groove depth is in each case greater than or equal to the thickness of the 3D surface element and smaller than the thickness of the workpiece.

Nachfolgend wird der Anteil des Werkstückes, der über die Dicke des herzustellenden 3D-Flächenelementes hinausgeht, von dem somit verbleibenden 3D-Flächenelement abgetrennt oder so behandelt, dass zumindest zeitweise kein fester Zusammenhalt der durch Nuten getrennten Bereiche (Streifen des künftigen 3D-Flächenelementes) mehr vorhanden ist.
Die durch Nuten voneinander geteilten Bereiche des Werkstückes werden nachfolgend und vorzugsweise vor dem Abtrennen des 3D-Flächenelementes durch einen Querverbund zusammengeklebt.
Subsequently, the proportion of the workpiece that exceeds the thickness of the 3D surface element to be produced is separated from the thus remaining 3D surface element or treated so that, at least temporarily no solid cohesion of grooves separated areas (strips of the future 3D surface element) more is available.
The areas of the workpiece which are divided by grooves from one another are glued together by a cross-bond, preferably before the 3D surface element is separated off.

Durch die Nuten wird das 3D-Flächenelement in Streifen einer Breite von 0,1 bis 10mm (100mm) aufgeteilt und ist somit gemäß DD 271 670 B5 nach der Lockerung des reversierbaren Querverbundes 3D-verformbar.Through the grooves, the 3D surface element in strips of a width of 0.1 divided to 10mm (100mm) and is thus according to DD 271 670 B5 after the Relaxation of the reversible composite 3D-deformable.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Nuten sind vorzugsweise V-förmig ausgebildet und weisen einen Öffnungswinkel α von bis zu 15 Grad auf und werden mittels vorzugsweise längs zur Faserrichtung bewegten Ritzmessern oder Rollenmessern eingebracht. Dabei ist die Relativbewegung Messer - Werkstück maßgebend. Die aus Stabilitätsgründen in der Dicke nach unten begrenzten Messer sind zum Erreichen der geringen Nutabstände in zwei oder mehreren Reihen hintereinander versetzt angeordnet. Dieser Versatz bringt außerdem den Vorteil, dass die Verdrängung des zu bearbeitenden Materials beim Eintauchen der Messer über jeweils die mehrfache Nutbreite verteilt werden kann, wodurch sich die Schnittkräfte der Messer verringern.
Anstatt Ritz- oder Rollenmesser können auch quer zur Fläche des Werkstückes bewegte Stanzmesser verwendet werden, die zum Einbringen einer Anzahl Nuten zeitlich und/oder örtlich versetzt in das Material eintauchen.
The grooves according to the invention are preferably V-shaped and have an opening angle α of up to 15 degrees, and are introduced by means of scoring knives or roller knives preferably moving longitudinally to the fiber direction. The relative movement knife - workpiece is decisive. The reasons of stability in the thickness down limited knives are arranged to achieve the slight groove intervals in two or more rows one behind the other. This offset also brings the advantage that the displacement of the material to be machined can be distributed over the multiple groove width when dipping the knife, which reduces the cutting forces of the knife.
Instead of scoring or roller knives, it is also possible to use moving punching blades which are inserted into the material transversely to the surface of the workpiece in a temporally and / or locally offset manner for introducing a number of grooves.

Alternativ können die Nuten ab einem Winkel von α = 5 Grad auch mittels entsprechender Sägen bzw. Fräswerkzeuge spanend eingearbeitet werden. Dies ist besonders bei brüchigen Materialien vorteilhaft, da hier die Schnittkräfte geringer als beim oben beschriebenen spanlosen Schnitt sind. Die Nuten können auch ein von der V-Form abweichendes Profil aufweisen.Alternatively, the grooves from an angle of α = 5 degrees by means of appropriate saws or milling tools are machined. This is particularly advantageous for brittle materials, since here are the cutting forces less than the non-cutting cut described above. The grooves may also have a different profile from the V-shape.

Zum Einbringen der Nuten sind auch Trennverfahren wie der Laser- oder Wasserstrahlschnitt möglich. Die besonderen Vorteile sind hier die hohe Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Wegfall von Nachschärfarbeiten an Schneidwerkzeugen.
Der entscheidende Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Nutens im Vergleich zu dem nach DD 271 670 beschriebenen durchgängigen Trennen der Streifen liegt in der durch den verbleibenden Zusammenhalt der Streifen erreichten Stabilität des Werkstückes insbesondere in der Phase des Streifenschnittes, so dass auch schrägfasriges Holzproblemlos verarbeitet werden kann.
For introducing the grooves and separation methods such as laser or water jet cutting are possible. The special advantages here are the high working speed and the elimination of re-sharpening work on cutting tools.
The key advantage of Nutens invention compared to the described in DD 271 670 continuous separation of the strip lies in the achieved by the remaining cohesion of the strip stability of the workpiece, especially in the phase of the strip cut, so that schrägfasriges wood can be processed without problems.

Nachdem die Nuten in das Werkstück eingearbeitet sind, vorzugsweise jedoch vor dem Abtrennen des Materials, welches über die Dicke des herzustellenden 3D-Flächenelementes hinausgeht, erfolgt die Herstellung des Querverbundes der genuteten Bereiche.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist das Einpressen eines füllenden und ggf. mit weiteren Stoffen wie feuerhemmenden oder UV-stabilisierenden Substanzen versetzten Klebstoffes in die V-förmigen Nuten, der nach der teilweisen oder vollständigen, jedoch reversiblen Verfestigung den Werkstoffzusammenhalt im Nutbereich bis zur weiteren Verarbeitung gewährleistet. Der Querverbund kann auch vorzugsweise vor dem Abtrennen des Materials durch Auftragen eines schubverformungsfähigen und/oder reversibel verfestigenden Stoffes wie einzelne Fäden, ein Gewebe, ein Vlies, eine Folie oder eine Klebstoffschicht hergestellt werden, entweder anstatt des eingepressten Klebstoffes oder zusätzlich, wie z.B. als eine partielle Verstärkung des 3D-Flächenelementes an während der späteren 3D-Verformung extrem belasteten Bereichen.
After the grooves are incorporated into the workpiece, but preferably before the separation of the material, which goes beyond the thickness of the 3D surface element to be produced, the production of the cross-connection of the grooved areas takes place.
Particularly advantageous is the pressing of a filling and optionally offset with other substances such as fire retardant or UV stabilizing substances adhesive in the V-shaped grooves, which ensures the material cohesion in the groove area until further processing after the partial or complete, but reversible solidification. The cross-connection may also preferably be made prior to separation of the material by application of a shear-deformable and / or reversibly-consolidating substance such as individual threads, a woven fabric, a non-woven, a film or an adhesive layer, either instead of the pressed-in adhesive or in addition, such as a Partial reinforcement of the 3D surface element on areas of extreme stress during the subsequent 3D deformation.

Die genannten Varianten des Querverbundes können auch nach dem Abtrennen des beschriebenen Materials realisiert werden, wobei zwischen der Phase des Abtrennens und der Aufbringung des Querverbundes eine flächenerhaltende Führung der Streifen erfolgen muss.
Der Querverbund durch Klebstoff in den V-Nuten erlaubt beim 3D-Element während der Phase der späteren 3D-Verformung eine Schubverformung der Streifen, ohne dass sich dabei die Fugen zwischen den Streifen öffnen. Diese Schubverformbarkeit wird erzielt durch bei Normbedingungen entsprechend elastisch-plastisch eingestellte Bindemittel, durch Wiedererweichung (Reaktivierung) infolge gezielter Einwirkungen oder durch zeitlich so abgestimmte 3D-Verformung, dass sich der Querverbund erst nach dieser Verformung durch eine entsprechende Reaktion des Bindemittels endgültig verfestigt.
The mentioned variants of the cross-connection can also be realized after the separation of the described material, wherein between the phase of the separation and the application of the cross-connection a space-maintaining guidance of the strips must take place.
The cross-linking by adhesive in the V-grooves allows the 3D element during the phase of the subsequent 3D deformation a shear deformation of the strips, without causing the joints between the strips open. This Schubverformbarkeit is achieved by under standard conditions according to elastically-plastically adjusted binder, by re-softening (reactivation) as a result of targeted actions or timed so 3D deformation that the cross-bond finally solidifies after this deformation by an appropriate reaction of the binder.

Ein Querverbund mittels eines aufgetragenen Stoffes ermöglicht die Schubverformung der Streifen durch dessen materialbedingte Schubverformbarkeit und/oder die Verformbarkeit der Klebschicht.A cross-bond by means of a coated substance allows the shear deformation the strip by its material-related Schubverformbarkeit and / or the deformability of the adhesive layer.

Besteht das Werkstück aus geschichtetem Holz, so wird die Stabilität der Streifen des abgetrennten 3D-Flächenelementes neben dem beschriebenen Querverbund durch die Absperrwirkung der Schichten so erhöht, dass selbst extrem schrägfasriges oder brüchiges Ausgangsmaterial wie Mahagoni oder Maserholz sicher zu einem 3D-Flächenelement verarbeitet werden kann. Diese Absperrwirkung entsteht bei gezielt quer zueinander geschichteten Holzlagen (Furnieren), aber auch bei bezüglich der Holzfaserrichtung parallelen geschichteten Lagen, da praktisch immer eine Abweichung von der angenommenen Faserrichtung und damit eine gewisse Überkreuzung auftritt.
Die gleiche Absperrwirkung entsteht bei Verwendung eines weiteren zur Schichtung verwendeten Flächenmaterials wie einer Plastfolie oder eines Vlieses.
If the workpiece consists of layered wood, the stability of the strips of the separated 3D surface element in addition to the described cross-bond is increased by the barrier effect of the layers so that even extremely schrägfasriges or brittle starting material such as mahogany or wood grain can be processed safely to a 3D surface element , This barrier effect arises in deliberately transversely layered layers of wood (veneer), but also with respect to the wood fiber direction parallel layered layers, as practically always a deviation from the assumed fiber direction and thus a certain crossover occurs.
The same barrier effect arises when using a further used for stratification sheet material such as a plastic film or a nonwoven.

Die Herstellung des 3D-Flächenelementes durch Trennen vom übrigen Material erfolgt, falls das Ausgangs-Werkstück nur wenig dicker als das 3D-Flächenelement (z.B. ein Furnierstück) ist, vorzugsweise durch Abschleifen des übrigen Materials. Dadurch werden die Nuten durchgängig, und die gewünschte 3D-Verformbarkeit ist erreicht. Ein Schleifen der Oberfläche ist bei 3D-Flächenelementen aus Messer- oder Schälfurnier bei Verwendung als Decklage in einem Formteil ohnehin erforderlich, so dass dieser Arbeitsgang keinen zusätzlichen Aufwand bedeutet. Anstatt des Schleifens sind auch andere abtragende und dabei glättende Verfahren, wie z.B. das Hobeln mittels Ziehklingen oder das Längsmessern (Finieren) möglich. Der bereits hergestellte Querverbund zwischen den Streifen stabilisiert das Werkstück während des Abtrennens und ermöglicht es, das fertige 3D-Flächenelement so wie übliches Holzfurnier zu handhaben.
Beim Verfüllen der Nuten mit Klebstoff ergibt sich ein Versiegelungseffekt, wodurch die Gefahr des Leimdurchschlages beim späteren Lagenverkleben sowie des kapillaren Eindringens von flüssigen Oberflächen-Vergütungsmaterialien wie Lacken und Beizen in die nach der 3D-Verformung verfestigten Fugen am fertigen Formteil vermieden wird. Dadurch wird die unerwünschte optische Hervorhebung der Fugen ausgeschlossen. Die verfestigten Fugen erhöhen außerdem die Festigkeit und insbesondere die Drillsteifigkeit des fertigen Formteils.
The production of the 3D surface element by separation from the rest of the material takes place if the starting workpiece is only slightly thicker than the 3D surface element (eg a piece of veneer), preferably by grinding the remaining material. As a result, the grooves are continuous, and the desired 3D deformability is achieved. A grinding of the surface is anyway required for 3D surface elements made of knife or rotary veneer when used as a cover layer in a molded part, so that this operation means no additional effort. Instead of grinding, other removal and thereby smoothing methods, such as planing by means of scrapers or longitudinal blades (finishing) are possible. The already established cross-connection between the strips stabilizes the workpiece during the separation and makes it possible to handle the finished 3D surface element as well as conventional wood veneer.
When filling the grooves with adhesive results in a sealing effect, whereby the risk of glue puncture during subsequent layer bonding and the capillary penetration of liquid surface-coating materials such as paints and stains in the solidified after 3D deformation joints on the finished molded part is avoided. This eliminates the unwanted visual highlighting of the joints. The solidified joints also increase the strength and in particular the rigidity of the finished molded part.

Ist das Werkstück wesentlich dicker als das herzustellende 3D-Flächenelement (z.B. eine Massivholzkantel), so ist das Abtrennen des übrigen Materials als Block vorgesehen. Zum besseren Verständnis sollte man hier vom Abtrennen des 3D-Flächenelementes vom Block sprechen, das Wirkprinzip bleibt das gleiche. Dies kann durch herkömmliche Trennverfahren wie Sägen, vorteilhaft aber durch spanloses Abtrennen wie z.B. durch Längs-Messern in der Art der Furnierherstellung, z.B. mit einer Finiermaschine erfolgen. Das Abtrennen von 3D-Flächenelementen von diesem Block kann bei jeweiligem erneuten Nuten solange wiederholt werden, bis der Block aufgearbeitet ist. Beim wiederholten Nuten ist darauf zu achten, dass die Nutwerkzeuge deckungsgleich zum jeweils vorangegangenen Arbeitsgang in die Teile der Nut eingreifen, die außerhalb des 3D-Flächenelementes liegen. Da beim Finieren eine sehr glatte Oberfläche entsteht, ist hier ein Schleifen nicht mehr erforderlich. Der Querverbund der Streifen bringt hier die gleichen Vorteile wie beim Abtrennen durch Schleifen.If the workpiece is much thicker than the 3D surface element to be produced (e.g., a solid wood skirt), separation of the remaining material is considered Block provided. For a better understanding, you should disconnect here speak of the 3D surface element of the block, the operating principle remains that same. This can be advantageous by conventional separation techniques such as sawing but by non-cutting separation such. by longitudinal knives in the way of Veneer production, e.g. done with a finishing machine. The separation of 3D surface elements of this block can be re-grooved at each be repeated until the block is worked up. When repeated Grooves must be ensured that the groove tools are congruent to each previous operation in the parts of the groove intervene outside of the 3D surface element lie. Because when finishing a very smooth surface arises, a grinding is no longer necessary here. The cross-linking of the Strip brings here the same advantages as when cutting by grinding.

Das Abtrennen des über die Dicke des 3D-Flächenelementes hinausgehenden Materials kann auch durch Abreißen einer dafür vorgesehenen, nur mit einer Haftklebung befestigten Schicht erfolgen. Eine solche Schicht besteht vorzugsweise aus Kunststoff und kann ggf. nach einer entsprechenden Aufarbeitung mehrfach wiederverwendet werden. Sie kann aber auch als schützende Folie während des anschließenden Transportes und der Lagerung bis zur weiteren Verarbeitung auf dem 3D-Flächenelement verbleiben, was bei besonders wertvollen Materialien wie Maserfurnier vorteilhaft ist.The separation of beyond the thickness of the 3D surface element beyond Materials can also be torn off by one, with only one Pressure-bonding layer attached. Such a layer exists preferably made of plastic and may possibly after a corresponding Reprocessing be reused several times. But you can also as protective film during subsequent transport and storage remain on the 3D surface element until further processing particularly valuable materials such as maser veneer is advantageous.

Anstatt des Abtrennens des über die Dicke des 3D-Flächenelementes hinausgehenden Materials, z.B. einer Kunststofffolie, kann auch dessen Erweichung durch z.B. Schmelzen vorgenommen werden, was ebenfalls zu einer gewünschten Verschiebbarkeit der Streifen führt. Diese Erweichung wird parallel zum Reversieren des ggf. zusätzlich verwendeten Querverbundes vorgenommen. Der besondere Vorteil liegt hier in der Möglichkeit, diese Kunststofffolie gleich zur Verklebung des 3D-Flächenelementes mit z.B. einem Trägerformteil oder zur Oberflächenvergütung an der späteren Aussenfläche des Formteils benutzen zu können.Instead of separating the beyond the thickness of the 3D surface element Materials, e.g. A plastic film can also soften it by e.g. Melting be made, which is also a desired Displaceability of the strips leads. This softening becomes parallel to reverse the possibly additionally used cross-connection made. The particular advantage here lies in the possibility of this plastic film equal to the bonding of the 3D surface element with e.g. a carrier molding or for surface treatment on the later outer surface of the molding to be able to use.

Als vorteilhaft hat sich die Einstellung der Holzfeuchtigkeit des Werkstoffes bzw. des 3D-Flächenelement erwiesen. So kann das 3D-Flächenelement vorzugsweise vor seiner erfindungsgemässen Herstellung, auf eine Holzfeuchtigkeit von über 10%, bevorzugt auf etwa 15% - 22% gebracht, wobei zusätzlich zu dem nicht im Feuchtigkeits-Gleichgewicht liegenden Wasseranteil ein pilzhemmender Stoff, wie z.B. Formaldehyd, eingebracht wird. In diesem Zustand ist das 3D-Flächenelement lagerfähig, ohne von Pilzen befallen zu werden.
Ein weiterer Vorteil besteht darin, dass das 3D-Flächenelement so wesentlich besser 3D-verformbar ist, da die einzelnen Streifen in kleineren Radien biegbar sind als bei normaler Ausgleichsfeuchte. Dieser Effekt kann weiter gesteigert werden, wenn vor der 3D-Umformung zusätzlich eine Erwärmung stattfindet.
The adjustment of the wood moisture of the material or of the 3D surface element has proved to be advantageous. Thus, the 3D surface element may preferably be brought to a wood moisture of over 10%, preferably to about 15% to 22% before its inventive production, wherein in addition to the not in moisture equilibrium water content, a fungus-inhibiting substance such as formaldehyde introduced becomes. In this state, the 3D surface element is storable without being attacked by fungi.
Another advantage is that the 3D surface element is significantly better 3D deformable, since the individual strips are bendable in smaller radii than with normal compensation moisture. This effect can be further increased if additional heating takes place before 3D-forming.

Der hohe Wasseranteil wird während einer folgenden Heißverpressung zum 3D-Formteil auf das übliche Maß reduziert. Ebenso wird dabei der Formaldehydanteil auf ein zulässiges Maß verringert. Durch die so erreichte verbesserte Fliessfähigkeit des 3D-Flächenelementes werden während des Pressvorganges ggf. auftretende Risse, Fugen echt. geschlossen.
Besteht die erhöhte Holzfeuchtigkeit bereits vor der Herstellung des 3D-Flächenelementes, reduzieren sich die dafür erforderlichen Schnittkräfte, verbunden mit einem verringerter Maschinenverschleiß.
The high water content is reduced to the usual level during a subsequent hot pressing to the 3D molded part. Likewise, the formaldehyde content is reduced to an acceptable level. As a result of the improved flowability of the 3D surface element achieved in this way, any cracks or joints which may occur during the pressing process become real. closed.
If the increased wood moisture already exists before the production of the 3D surface element, the cutting forces required for it are reduced, combined with a reduced machine wear.

Nach einer weiteren, vorteilhaften Variante wird dem zusätzlich eingebrachten Wasser ein brandhemmender Stoff beigefügt.
Anstatt der erhöhten Holzfeuchtigkeit kann das 3D-Flächenelement auch mit holzplastifizierenden Stoffen wie Ammoniak vorbehandelt sein. Dadurch ergeben sich vergleichbare Vorteile wie bei der beschriebenen Feuchtebehandlung.
According to a further advantageous variant, a fire-retardant substance is added to the additionally introduced water.
Instead of increased wood moisture, the 3D surface element can also be pretreated with wood-plasticizing substances such as ammonia. This results in comparable advantages as in the described moisture treatment.

Für ausgewählte Anwendungsgebiete ist das 3D-Flächenelement mit einem bekannten Imprägnierharz behandelt. Ein solches Harz dringt in das Innere des Holzgefüges ein, benetzt aber auch die Oberfläche der Streifen des 3D-Flächenelementes. Das Harz ist so eingestellt, dass es sich bei der vor der 3D-Umformung zu erfolgenden Erwärmung verflüssigt und damit die Verschiebung der Streifen des 3D-Flächenelementes ermöglicht. Neben der für imprägniertes Holz bekannten Verbesserung der Wasserbeständigkeit ist die mit der Imprägnierung erfolgende, reversible Verklebung der Streifen des 3D-Flächenelementes vorteilhaft.For selected applications, the 3D surface element is a treated known impregnating resin. Such a resin penetrates into the interior of the Wood texture, but also wets the surface of the stripes of the 3D surface element. The resin is adjusted so that it is in the before 3D-forming liquefied to take place heating and thus the shift the strip of 3D surface element allows. In addition to impregnated for Wood known improvement in water resistance is the one with the Impregnation, reversible bonding of the strips of the 3D surface element advantageous.

Erfindungsgemäße Flächenelemente, die aus genutetem und abgeschliffenem Furnier hergestellt wurden, finden vorzugsweise als dekoratives Decklagenfurnier bei der Herstellung von Lagenholzformteilen für Stühle, Sesselschalen, Innenausbauten für Caravans oder Schiffen, Etuis, Behältnissen wie Koffer, Taschen oder Dosen, Musikinstrumente, Gehäuse für z.B. elektronische Geräte wie Lautsprecher oder Fernsehgeräte, Spielzeug, Sportgeräte. Solche Flächenelemente sind ebenso als Beschichtungsmaterial von Formteilen aus anderen Materialien für die genannten Anwendungsbereiche geeignet. Darüber hinaus ergeben sich weitere Einsatzmöglichkeiten zur Beschichtung von Möbelfrontteilen aus z.B. Span- oder Faserplatten wie 3D-Türen oder umlaufende Tischplattenprofile (3D-"Kanten"), von Auto-Innenverkleidungen oder Bedienteilen wie Lenkrädern aus Plast- oder Metallteilen oder von Flugzeug-Innenverkleidungen aus Plast-Leichtbauelementen. Für besonders brandgefährdete Bereiche im Fahrzeugbau, insbesondere im Schiffs-und Flugzeugbau, ist die Anwendung von feuerhemmenden Stoffen im Querverbund-Klebstoff oder auch in einer zur Schichtung verwendeten Plastfolie vorteilhaft. Flächenelemente mit einer abreißbaren oder auch einer als Klebstoff verwendbaren Folie sind außerdem für die gelegentliche Verarbeitung insbesondere im Handwerk günstig einsetzbar.Inventive surface elements, the grooved and abraded Veneer are preferably found as a decorative cover layer veneer in the production of plywood moldings for chairs, armchairs, Interior fittings for caravans or ships, cases, containers such as suitcases, Bags or cans, musical instruments, cases for e.g. electronic equipment such as speakers or televisions, toys, sports equipment. Such Surface elements are also made as a coating material of molded parts other materials suitable for the applications mentioned. About that In addition, there are other uses for the coating of Furniture front parts made of e.g. Chipboard or fiberboard like 3D doors or circumferential tabletop profiles (3D "edges"), of car interior trim or operating parts such as steering wheels made of plastic or metal parts or of Aircraft interior linings made of lightweight plastic elements. For special Fire endangered areas in vehicle construction, especially in ship and Aircraft construction, is the application of fire-retardant substances in cross-adhesive or in a plastic film used for stratification advantageous. Surface elements with a tearable or as an adhesive In addition, usable foil are for occasional processing especially for use in handicraft.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand ausgewählter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert und in den zugehörigen Zeichnungen illustriert.The invention will be described below with reference to selected embodiments explained in more detail and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1:
Eine Anordnung zur Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächenelementes aus Buchen-Furnier
Fig. 2:
Eine Anordnung gem. Fig. 1 in einer vereinfachten Draufsicht ohne Darstellung der Funktionselemente oberhalb des Flächenelementes
Fig. 3:
Ein 3D-verformtes Flächenelement zur Herstellung eines Musikinstru menten-Formteils
Fig. 4:
Eine Anordnung zur teilweisen Herstellung eines dreidimensional biegeverformbaren Flächenelementes aus einer Kantel
Fig. 5:
Einen Ausschnitt einer Finiermaschine zur Weiterverarbeitung einer nach Fig. 3 bearbeiteten Kantel
Fig. 6:
Ein 3D-Flächenelement aus Lagenholz mit Glasfaser-Schmelzfaden-Verstärkung
Show it:
Fig. 1:
An arrangement for producing a three-dimensionally bendable surface element made of beech veneer
Fig. 2:
An arrangement gem. Fig. 1 in a simplified plan view without showing the functional elements above the surface element
3:
A 3D-deformed surface element for producing a Musikinstru elements molding
4:
An arrangement for the partial production of a three-dimensionally bendable surface element from a Kantel
Fig. 5:
A section of a finishing machine for further processing of a processed according to FIG. 3 Kantel
Fig. 6:
A 3D sheet of plywood with fiberglass fusion thread reinforcement

Ausführungsbeispiel 1 (Fig. 1 - 3):Embodiment 1 (FIGS. 1-3):

Ein Buchen-Furnier der Dicke 1,2 mm (1) durchläuft ein Ritzmesser-Gatter, dessen Messer (2) 1 mm weit aus dem Messerträger (3) hervorstehen. Position (4) ist der seitliche Messerabstand mit 1,0 mm, Position (5) der Messerversatz in Arbeitsrichtung von 6 mm. Dabei werden 1 mm tiefe Nuten (6) im Abstand von 1 mm in das Furnier (1) geschnitten. Die verbleibenden 0,2 mm bilden die zeitweilige Verbindung (7) der genuteten Bereiche. Weicht die Faserrichtung des Furniers (1) von der Nutrichtung ab, so wirken die damit schräg zu den Nuten (6) verlaufenden Holzfasern der Verbindung (7) für das gesamte Werkstück (1) verfestigend, so dass ein Bruch der schrägfasrig angeschnittenen Bereiche zwischen den Nuten (8), der späteren Streifen, durch die Einwirkung der doch hohen Schnittkräfte vermieden wird.
Der Messerversatz (5) bewirkt, dass die in das Werkstück (1) eingetauchten Messer (2) seitlich jeweils 2 mm voneinander entfernt sind und damit genügend Material vom Werkstück (1) vorhanden ist, um das von den Messern (2) verdrängte Volumen durch Verdichtung aufzunehmen.
A beech veneer of thickness 1.2 mm (1) passes through a scoring knife gate, the knife (2) 1 mm far out of the knife carrier (3) protrude. Position (4) is the lateral knife spacing with 1.0 mm, position (5) the knife offset in the working direction of 6 mm. 1 mm deep grooves (6) are cut into the veneer (1) at a distance of 1 mm. The remaining 0.2 mm form the temporary connection (7) of the grooved areas. If the fiber direction of the veneer (1) deviates from the groove direction, the wood fibers running obliquely relative to the grooves (6) act to strengthen the connection (7) for the entire workpiece (1), so that a fracture of the obliquely chamfered sections between the parts Grooves (8), the later strip, is avoided by the action of the high cutting forces.
The blade offset (5) causes the blades (2) immersed in the workpiece (1) to be laterally separated from each other by 2 mm and thus sufficient material from the workpiece (1) to pass through the volume displaced by the blades (2) To absorb compaction.

Anschließend durchläuft das nun genutete Furnier eine Wärmezone (9), wo es auf eine Temperatur von 95°C gebracht wird und danach eine Leimwalze (10), die einen Schmelzklebstoff (11) mit einer Temperatur von 160°C in die Nuten (6) einpresst. Während des Durchlaufens einer Kühlzone (12) erstarrt der Schmelzklebstoff (11).
Danach wird die o. g. zeitweilige Verbindung (7) einschließlich einer Sicherheitszugabe von 0,1 mm mittels einer Schleifwalze (13) abgeschliffen, und es verbleibt ein 0,9 mm dickes, dreidimensional biegeverformbares Flächenelement (14), dessen Streifen (15) durch den Schmelzklebstoff zusammengehalten werden. Der Schmelzklebstoff (11) erlaubt nach seiner Reaktivierung (Erwärmung) die Verschiebung (16) der Streifen (15) und damit die 3D-Verformung des gesamten Flächenelementes (17). Der Schmelzklebstoff versiegelt nach seiner Verfestigung die Fugen zwischen den Streifen beim aus dem 3D-Flächenelement hergestellten Formteil und verhindert damit das Eindringen von flüssigem Oberflächenmaterial, wodurch das optische Hervorheben der Fugen vermieden wird. Weiterhin wird so die Festigkeit und Steifigkeit des Formteils erhöht.
Das 3D-Flächenelement wird zur Herstellung eines Musikinstrumenten-Formteiles verwendet.
Subsequently, the now grooved veneer passes through a heat zone (9), where it is brought to a temperature of 95 ° C and then a glue roller (10), a hot melt adhesive (11) with a temperature of 160 ° C in the grooves (6). einpresst. While passing through a cooling zone (12), the hot melt adhesive (11) solidifies.
Thereafter, the above temporary connection (7) including a safety allowance of 0.1 mm is ground by means of a grinding roller (13), leaving a 0.9 mm thick, three-dimensionally bendable surface element (14) whose strip (15) through the hot melt adhesive held together. After its reactivation (heating), the hot-melt adhesive (11) allows the displacement (16) of the strips (15) and thus the 3D deformation of the entire surface element (17). Once solidified, the hot melt sealant seals the joints between the strips on the molded part made from the 3D sheet, thereby preventing ingress of liquid surface material, thereby avoiding optical highlighting of the joints. Furthermore, so the strength and rigidity of the molded part is increased.
The 3D surface element is used to make a musical instrument molding.

Ausführungsbeispiel 2 (Fig. 4 und 5):Embodiment 2 (Figures 4 and 5):

Eine Kantel aus Kirschbaum-Holz (18) mit den Abmessungen 100 x 250 x 1500mm3 durchläuft vier Rollenmesserwellen, welche jeweils Rollenmesser (19) im Abstand von 1,2 mm enthalten, wobei die Rollenmesser jeweils um 0,3 mm seitlich versetzt sind, so dass die damit erzeugten Nuten (20) einen Abstand von 0,3 mm aufweisen. Die Rollenmesser tauchen 0,4 mm tief ein, damit werden 0,4 mm tiefe Nuten in die Kantel geschnitten. Anschließend erfolgt das Einpressen von PU-Klebstoffdispersion (21) in die Nuten (20), die sich auf Grund des geringen Klebstoffvolumens in den Nuten schnell verfestigt. Danach durchläuft die Kantel eine Finiermaschine (22), in der von der genuteten Seite ein 0,3 mm dickes, dreidimensional verformbares Flächenelement (23) abgemessert wird. Dieser Vorgang wird so oft wiederholt, bis die Kantel aufgearbeitet ist. Ein seitliches Anschlaglineal sowie Andrückrollen auf der Gegenseite sorgen beim wiederholten Abmessern dafür, dass die Nuten jeweils deckungsgleich verlaufen.
Das 3D-Flächenelement wird zur Herstellung eines stark dreidimensional verformten Etuis weiterverarbeitet.
A chamois made of cherry wood (18) with the dimensions 100 x 250 x 1500 mm 3 passes through four pulley shafts, which each contain roller blade (19) at a distance of 1.2 mm, the roller blades are laterally offset by 0.3 mm, so that the grooves (20) produced therewith have a spacing of 0.3 mm. The roller knives dip 0.4 mm deep, so that 0.4 mm deep grooves are cut into the shroud. Subsequently, the injection of PU adhesive dispersion (21) into the grooves (20), which quickly solidifies due to the small adhesive volume in the grooves. Thereafter, the shroud passes through a finishing machine (22) in which a 0.3 mm thick, three-dimensionally deformable surface element (23) is cut from the grooved side. This process is repeated until the Kantel is worked up. A lateral stop ruler as well as pressure rollers on the opposite side ensure that the grooves are congruent when repeating the diameters.
The 3D surface element is processed to produce a heavily three-dimensionally shaped case.

Ausführungsbeispiel 3 (Fig. 6):Embodiment 3 (Fig. 6):

Ein Nußbaum-Maserfurnier (24) der Dicke 0,6 mm wird mittels eines Polyurethan-Klebstoffes auf ein Buchen-Schälfurnier (25) der Dicke 0,6 mm aufgeklebt. Die weitere Verarbeitung des so entstandenen 1,2 mm dicken Lagenholzes erfolgt analog Beispiel 1, wobei aber statt des Ritzmessergatters eine Vielblatt-Kreissäge mit 1 mm dicken und in einem Winkel von 7° angeschliffenen Kreissägeblättern zum Einbringen der Nuten (27) in den im Beispiel 1 genannten sonstigen Abmessungen verwendet wird. Die Sägen belasten das Lagenholz wenig, so dass eine Zerstörung des Maserfurniers während des Schnittes vermieden wird. Außerdem stabilisiert das Buchenfurnier das sonst sehr brüchige Maserfurnier auch während und nach der weiteren Bearbeitung wie beim das Einpressen des Schmelzklebstoffes und dem das Schleifen auf eine Dicke von 0,9 mm. Schließlich werden im Mittelbereich des so entstandenen 3D-Flächenelementes bekannte Glasfaser-Schmelzfäden (28) im Abstand von 20 mm quer zur Streifenrichtung auf das Buchenfurnier aufgeklebt. Diese verhindern beim späteren dreidimensionalen Verformen ein eventuelles Aufreißen der Fugen zwischen den Streifen im Bereich von verformungsbedingt extremen Querzugspannungen. Weitere Vorteile entsprechen denen von Beispiel 1. A walnut burl veneer (24) of thickness 0.6 mm is made by means of a polyurethane adhesive on a beech-peeled veneer (25) of thickness 0.6 mm glued. Further processing of the resulting 1.2 mm thick Layer wood is analogous to Example 1, but instead of the Ritzmessergatters a multi-blade circular saw with 1 mm thick and at an angle of 7 ° ground circular saw blades for introducing the grooves (27) in the im Example 1 mentioned other dimensions is used. The saws burden the plywood little, leaving a destruction of the maser veneer is avoided during the cut. In addition, the beech veneer stabilizes the otherwise very brittle Maserfurnier also during and after the further Processing as in the pressing of the hot melt adhesive and the Grinding to a thickness of 0.9 mm. Finally, in the middle of the so-called 3D surface element known fiberglass enamel threads (28) at a distance of 20 mm across the strip direction on the beech veneer glued. These prevent the subsequent three-dimensional deformation possible tearing of the joints between the strips in the range of deformation-induced extreme transverse tensile stresses. Other advantages correspond to those of Example 1.

Das Flächenelement wird zur Herstellung eines stark profilierten Frontbauteils eines Behältnismöbels verwendet.The surface element is used to produce a strongly profiled front component a container furniture used.

Ausführungsbeispiel 4:Embodiment 4

Ein Verbundwerkstoff besteht aus einem 0,5 mm dicken Birken-Maserfurnier, auf dessen Oberseite eine 0,5 mm dicke Weich-PVC-Folie mittels Acrylat-Haftklebstoff aufgeklebten ist. Auf die Unterseite des Birken-Maserfurniers ist eine 0,4 mm dicke Polyacrylatfolie mittels eines vollständig ausgehärteten Polyurethanklebstoffes aufgeklebt. Dieser Verbundwerkstoff wird von der Unterseite aus analog Beispiel 1 mittels Ritzmessern 1 mm tief und im Abstand von 0,8 mm genutet. Analog Beispiel 3 sperrt die Polyacrylatfolie das Birken-Maserfurnier ab und stabilisiert es damit. Wie bei Beispiel 1 werden die Nuten anschließend mittels Schmelzklebstoff gefüllt. Danach wird die PVC-Folie von dem Verbund abgezogen. Der Kontaktklebstoff ist so eingestellt, dass er lediglich eine Heft-Klebung bewirkt, die mit mäßiger Kraft gelöst werden kann, wobei sich der Kontaktklebstoff vollständig vom Furnier löst. Somit ist ein dreidimensional verformbares Flächenelement entstanden. Zwischen dem Nuten und dem Abziehen der PVC-Folie können die Flächenelemente optional gelagert werden. Dabei übernimmt die PVC-Folie die Funktion einer Schutzfolie. Die PVC-Folie kann bedarfsweise vom Klebstoff gesäubert und wiederverwendet werden.A composite material consists of a 0,5 mm thick birch maser veneer, on the top of a 0.5 mm thick soft PVC film by means of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is glued on. On the underside of the birch maser veneer is a 0.4 mm thick polyacrylate film by means of a fully cured Polyurethane adhesive glued. This composite is used by the Bottom of analogous example 1 using scoring blades 1 mm deep and at a distance grooved by 0.8 mm. Analogously to Example 3, the polyacrylate film blocks the birch maser veneer and stabilizes it. As in Example 1, the grooves then filled by means of hot melt adhesive. Thereafter, the PVC film of subtracted from the composite. The contact adhesive is adjusted so that it only causes a tack gluing that can be released with moderate force, wherein the contact adhesive dissolves completely from the veneer. Thus, one is created three-dimensionally deformable surface element. Between the Grooves and the removal of the PVC film, the surface elements can optionally be stored. The PVC film assumes the function of a protective film. The PVC film may be cleaned and reused by the adhesive as needed become.

Claims (28)

  1. Method for the production of a three-dimensionally flexural-formable surface element (14) (3D-surface element) made of wood or a wood composite material for the manufacture of laminated three-dimensional formed components or for coating of three-dimensional formed components,
    whereby a workpiece (1) of wood, laminated wood (24, 25) or a composite of wood and one or several further surface materials is used, characterized in that the thickness of the workpiece is thicker by at least 5% compared to the thickness of the surface element to be manufactured, whereby narrow grooves (6) distanced to each other are made into the workpiece (1) with the groove depths each bigger than or equal to the thickness of the 3D-surface element and smaller than the thickness of the workpiece,
    that subsequently the portion (7) of the workpiece extending the thickness of the 3D-surface element to be manufactured is separated from the remaining 3D-surface element or treated in such a way that at least temporarily, there is no solid coherence of the regions (8) separated by grooves (6), and that the regions (8) separated by grooves (6) of the workpiece prior to, during or after the separation from the workpiece are fixed to each other and/or to a carrier by a transverse bond.
  2. Method to claim 1 characterized in that the grooves (6) are made in longitudinal direction of the grain.
  3. Method to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the grooves (6) are made with distances from 0.1 mm to 100 mm.
  4. Method to any of the claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the grooves (6) are made V-shaped.
  5. Method to claim 4 characterized in that the groove angle of the V-shaped grooves (6) made is 0° < α <= 15°.
  6. Method to any of the claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the grooves (6) are made using grooving knives or roller knives moved longitudinally to the grain direction.
  7. Method to any of the claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the grooves (6) are made using stamping knives moved transversally to the surface of the workpiece.
  8. Method to any of the claims 1 to 5 characterized in that grooves (6) with a groove angle of 5° <= α <= 15° are made using a circular saw or side milling cutter or profile cutter.
  9. Method to any of the claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the grooves (6) are made using a laser or water jet cutting device.
  10. Method to claim 1 characterized in that the regions of the workpiece separated by grooves (6) are fixed by a transverse bond prior to the separation of the 3D-surface element.
  11. Method to claim 10 characterized in that the transverse bond is created by application of a material capable of shear deformation and/or reversibly setting such as single threads, a fabric, a non-woven or an adhesive coating.
  12. Method to claim 11 characterized in that a heat-reactivated adhesive (hot melt adhesive) is used as adhesive.
  13. Method to claim 12 characterized in that light-resistant adhesive is used.
  14. Method to claim 11 characterized in that a fire-retardant adhesive is used.
  15. Method to claim 1 characterized in that the separation of that portion of the workpiece that extends the thickness of the 3D-surface element to be manufactured is carried out by grinding off, planing or brush finishing.
  16. Method to claim 1 characterized in that the separation of that portion of the workpiece that extends the thickness of the 3D-surface element to be manufactured is carried out by tearing off or softening (remelting) of a carrier layer provided with a pressure-sensitive adhesive bond.
  17. Method to claim 1 characterized in that a reusable carrier layer resistant to tearing is used.
  18. Method to claim 16 characterized in that a plastic foil is used as remeltable carrier layer.
  19. Method to any of the claims 1 to 18 characterized in that the three-dimensionally flexural-formable surface elements consisting of grooved and ground veneer are used as decorative face veneer for the manufacture of multi-ply formed components for chairs, armchair seats, components of the interior of vehicles, cases, receptacels such as suitcases, bags or cans, musical instruments, housings for electronic devices, loudspeakers, toys or pieces of sports apparatuses.
  20. Method to any of the claims 1 to 18 characterized in that the three-dimensionally flexural-formable surface elements are used for the coating of furniture front components consisting of chipboard or fibreboard or full-perimeter tabletop sections, of motor vehicle trim components or control elements such as steering wheels consisting of plastic or metal workpieces or of aircraft trim components consisting of plastic lightweight elements.
  21. Method to claim 1 characterized in that the wood humidity of the material or the 3D-surface element prior to the manufacture thereof is set to a wood humidity of more than 10%.
  22. Method to claim 21 characterized in that the wood humidity is set to approximately 15% to 22%.
  23. Method to claim 21 or 22 characterized in that when the material or the 3D-surface element is moistened a fungus-retardant substance is applied.
  24. Method to any of the claims 1 to 23 characterized in that the 3D-surface element is heated prior to the 3D-deformation.
  25. Method to any of the claims 21 to 24 characterized in that when the material or the 3D-surface element is moistened a fire-retardant substance is applied.
  26. Method to claim 1 characterized in that prior to its manufacture the 3D-surface element is pretreated with wood-plasticising substances.
  27. Method to claim 26 characterized in that ammonia is used as a wood-plasticising substance.
  28. Method to any of the claims 1 to 27 characterized in that the 3D-surface element is treated with an impregnating resin.
EP02747171A 2001-05-17 2002-05-17 Method for the production of a three-dimensional, flexibly deformable surface element Expired - Lifetime EP1392481B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10124913A DE10124913C1 (en) 2001-05-17 2001-05-17 Process for the production of a three-dimensionally bendable surface element
DE10124913 2001-05-17
PCT/DE2002/001892 WO2002092302A1 (en) 2001-05-17 2002-05-17 Method for the production of a three-dimensional, flexibly deformable surface element

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EP1392481A1 EP1392481A1 (en) 2004-03-03
EP1392481B1 true EP1392481B1 (en) 2005-10-12

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US (1) US7131472B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1392481B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3887604B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1297376C (en)
AT (1) ATE306378T1 (en)
DE (2) DE10124913C1 (en)
DK (1) DK1392481T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2251603T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2259271C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2002092302A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200309027B (en)

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JP2004525010A (en) 2004-08-19
JP3887604B2 (en) 2007-02-28
US20040144448A1 (en) 2004-07-29
WO2002092302A1 (en) 2002-11-21
DE50204542D1 (en) 2006-02-23
RU2003134360A (en) 2005-05-10
DE10124913C1 (en) 2002-12-05
EP1392481A1 (en) 2004-03-03
ES2251603T3 (en) 2006-05-01
ZA200309027B (en) 2005-02-28
CN1297376C (en) 2007-01-31
RU2259271C2 (en) 2005-08-27
DK1392481T3 (en) 2006-02-27
US7131472B2 (en) 2006-11-07
CN1509225A (en) 2004-06-30
ATE306378T1 (en) 2005-10-15

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