EP1080377A1 - Computer und verfahren zum auswerten von daten aus der kernmagnetischen resonanztomographie (turbo-pepsi) - Google Patents
Computer und verfahren zum auswerten von daten aus der kernmagnetischen resonanztomographie (turbo-pepsi)Info
- Publication number
- EP1080377A1 EP1080377A1 EP99926256A EP99926256A EP1080377A1 EP 1080377 A1 EP1080377 A1 EP 1080377A1 EP 99926256 A EP99926256 A EP 99926256A EP 99926256 A EP99926256 A EP 99926256A EP 1080377 A1 EP1080377 A1 EP 1080377A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- computer
- time
- relaxation
- signals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/44—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance using nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]
- G01R33/48—NMR imaging systems
- G01R33/50—NMR imaging systems based on the determination of relaxation times, e.g. T1 measurement by IR sequences; T2 measurement by multiple-echo sequences
Definitions
- the invention relates to a computer for evaluating
- Data from nuclear magnetic resonance tomography the data containing at least two different relaxation signals from a sample.
- the invention further relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph and a method for evaluating data from nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, relaxation signals from at least two different states of a sample being determined.
- DOH Deoxyhamoglobin
- the neuronal activation manifests itself in an increase in blood flow in activated brain areas, whereby there is a decrease in blood Deoxyhamoglobm concentration comes.
- Deoxyhamoglobin (DOH) is a paramagnetic substance that reduces magnetic field homogeneity and thus accelerates signal relaxation. If the DOH concentration drops due to brain activity that triggers blood flow, the signal relaxation is modulated in the active areas of the brain. The protons of hydrogen in water are primarily excited.
- NMR imaging methods are used to select layers or volumes which, under the appropriate irradiation of high-frequency pulses and the application of magnetic gradient fields, provide a measurement signal which is digitized and stored in a two- or three-dimensional field in the measuring computer.
- the desired image information is obtained (reconstructed) from the raw data recorded by a two- or three-dimensional Fou ⁇ er transformation.
- a reconstructed slice image consists of pixels, a volume data set consists of voxels.
- a pixel is a two-dimensional picture element, for example a square. The image is composed of the pixels.
- a voxel is a three-dimensional volume element, for example a cuboid, which - due to measurement technology - does not have any sharp boundaries having.
- the dimensions of a pixel are of the order of 1 mm ', those of a voxel of 1 mm 3 .
- the geometries and dimensions can be variable.
- a stimulus-specific neuronal activation can be detected and spatially localized.
- An stimulus can be, for example, a somatosensory, acoustic, visual or olfactory stimulus as well as a mental or motor task.
- the model function, or the model time series describes the expected signal change in the magnetic resonance signal as a result of neuronal activation. These can be derived, for example, from the paradigm of the respective experiment using empirical rules. It is important to consider a time delay of the model function compared to the paradigm (slow response of blood flow to neuronal activation).
- brain activation can be represented by activation images obtained from nuclear tomography data.
- the activation images can even be calculated and reproduced in real time, which means that a data record can be converted into an image before the next data record is measured.
- the time interval is typically 1 to 3 seconds.
- the invention has for its object to further develop the known methods in such a way that the highest possible signal-to-noise ratio is achieved.
- this object is achieved by designing a generic computer in such a way that the computer works with at least one evaluation means which forms the difference signal from at least two different relaxation signals, the course of the difference signal over time being determined as a function U (t), that the computer works with at least one means for selecting two times, the times being selectable in such a way that the time interval between them is less than the temporal profile of the difference signal and that within the time interval t x between times ti and t 2 em quotient of the difference signal and one or more noise signals has a higher value than other time intervals and that the computer has a computing unit by which the value of the function U (t) is approximated within the time interval t x .
- the invention provides to create a computer with which a fast spectroscopic imaging method can be implemented, the changes in the NMR signal relaxation with a
- Time constant T 2 —- at several points in time after one
- the spectroscopic imaging method is preferably a spectroscopic echo planar imaging method, in particular a repeated two-dimensional echo imaging method, which consists of a repeated application of a two-dimensional echo planar image coding. Spatial coding takes place in the shortest possible period of time, which is repeated several times during a signal drop and is preferably 20 to 100 ms.
- Echo-planar coding during a signal drop is shown in the course of the signal drop in the sequence of reconstructed individual images.
- the number of images which are encoded during the signal drop depends on the relaxation time and the encoding time ⁇ t for a single image.
- Detecting sensitivity was found as a criterion for an optimal choice of the measurement time window as a function of the relaxation time constant, the coding time for a single image and the type of data post-processing.
- the criterion consists in considering a difference signal between different relaxation states.
- Fig. 5 shows a number of activated pixels with a
- the table shows a summary of experimental sample data.
- the invention provides in particular for detecting a difference signal at different times. These points in time lie within a time interval t_.
- it is a difference signal between a relaxation curve in an excited state and a relaxation curve in a ground state.
- An example is a difference signal (vertical axis) between a functional relaxation time change in the human brain in a selected image element in the visual cortex during visual stimulation as a function of the measurement time after signal excitation (horizontal axis) measured by means of fast spectroscopic imaging m Fig. 1.
- This is a particularly simple case in which the
- Difference signal by em difference signal from a relaxation signal during activation and a Relaxation signal is formed during an idle state.
- difference signal is in no way limited to difference signals, but, like the term “difference function”, includes all cases in which differences between measurement curves are detected or evaluated.
- T ⁇ (a) and T 2 * (b) are relaxation time constants in an activated state (a) and in a basic state (Baseline State - b) and where S 0 denotes an output signal intensity.
- T- * denotes the relaxation time in the basic state
- a preferred embodiment of the invention provides that it is assumed that the noise effects are so-called white, thermal noise with a mean value close to zero and a standard deviation ⁇ .
- the invention proposes various preferred forms of implementation for the evaluation method in order to achieve an increased signal-to-noise ratio compared to a single point measurement.
- a maximum contrast-to-noise ratio can be achieved if the measurements are made up to the time
- the contrast-to-noise ratio is maximum and is according to the formula:
- a weighting factor w (t N ) according to formula 15 is preferably used in formula 14.
- the weighting factor w (t N ) is an expected relaxation rate in a sample to be examined. This is preferably the average relaxation rate in the sample examined.
- the increase in the signal-to-noise ratio in the multi-point measurement takes a particularly high value of 1.4 em.
- the measurement time is again preferably 3.2 T 2.
- Another variant of the evaluation method is that an adaptation procedure (fit method) is carried out by adapting the relaxation curve to exponentially falling curves.
- the index r assumes values from 1 to NR and means the number of repetitions of the relaxation measurements; the index n takes values from 1 to N and pays the number of echo signals during a relaxation measurement.
- Another method is a fit method, as shown by the following formula:
- CNR contrast-to-noise ratio
- a correlation analysis is carried out for each individual echo signal over a plurality of relaxation measurements taking place successively in time.
- the correlation analysis is carried out in a known manner, an implementation according to the article by Peter A. Vandettmi et al. in: Magnetic Reonance in Medecme, vol. 30, pp. 161-173, 1993, to which full reference is made, is particularly expedient.
- An experimental check of the evaluation method according to the invention was carried out on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the brains of test subjects.
- a light source in particular a matrix of luminescent diodes (light emitting diode LED), was positioned in the immediate vicinity of the test subjects' faces and stimulated to produce signal flashes.
- the excitation frequency is 8 Hz.
- the action of the signal flashes takes place via a time interval of several seconds, for example 5 seconds, synchronized with a carrier signal of a scanner, which is followed by an approximately equally long idle interval.
- the scanner is a Vision 1.5 Tesla total body scanner from Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, in standard equipment with a magnetic field gradient of 25 mT / m. Such a scanner is able to switch gradient fields within approximately 300 ⁇ s.
- TURBO-PEPSI Proton-Echo-Planar-Spetroscopic-Imagmg was used as the spectroscopic imaging method.
- Correlation coefficients of at least 0.7 m as a function of the number of averaged echo signals are shown.
- the invention provides a computer for evaluating data from nuclear magnetic resonance tomography, a nuclear magnetic resonance tomograph equipped with the computer, and a method for evaluating data from nuclear magnetic resonance tomography.
- the invention has a number of advantages. This includes optimizing the measurement sensitivity for a quantitative measurement of the relaxation time and the qualitative change in relaxation time. This makes it possible to use imaging with the highest possible bandwidth (shortest coding time) for the least possible spatial distortion and to achieve maximum measurement sensitivity by measuring an optimal number of codings after signal excitation.
- the evaluation method can be used in real-time measurements and analyze the relaxation changes there.
- evaluation methods according to the invention are particularly versatile. It has proven to be expedient to use a summation or, what is even more advantageous, a weighted summation, which can be done at a higher speed and without loss of sensitivity compared to curve fitting.
- Summation or a weighted summation have the advantage that they represent a particularly robust evaluation method.
- the measuring sensitivity especially with measuring field strengths of 0.1 Tesla to 15 Tesla, for example by selecting the number of echo signals as a function of the relaxation time, the number preferably being chosen according to formula 12.
- TURBO-PEPSI measured functional signal ranged from 3 to 20% depending on the echo time, the location and the respective subject.
- TE 72.5 ms
- Correlation coefficients obtained than in measurements with shorter excitation times result - see FIGS. 4 and 5. It can be seen that a particularly high sensitivity is achieved by summing the first, preferably the first 6 to 10, in particular the first 8 echo signals corresponding to the plateau of the CNR curve m Fig. 2 can be achieved.
- the sensitivity gain is particularly advantageous for real-time measurements, because a change in relaxation can be effectively determined even with a few measured values.
- the invention is both in echo planar imaging (echo planar imaging EPI) and in phase-coded
- Imaging methods as well as spectroscopic imaging methods can be used.
- An increase in the sensitivity to measurement by about 40% to 140% according to the invention results in a significant increase in the sensitivity to measurement in a large number of application areas, for example in the cognitive or visual activation of the human brain.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19817228 | 1998-04-17 | ||
| DE1998117228 DE19817228C1 (de) | 1998-04-17 | 1998-04-17 | Computer und Verfahren zur Auswertung von Daten aus der kernmagnetischen Resonanztomographie |
| PCT/DE1999/001148 WO1999054748A1 (de) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-04-16 | Computer und verfahren zum auswerten von daten aus der kernmagnetischen resonanztomographie (turbo-pepsi) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1080377A1 true EP1080377A1 (de) | 2001-03-07 |
Family
ID=7864945
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99926256A Withdrawn EP1080377A1 (de) | 1998-04-17 | 1999-04-16 | Computer und verfahren zum auswerten von daten aus der kernmagnetischen resonanztomographie (turbo-pepsi) |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1080377A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2002512099A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19817228C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO1999054748A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19923588C2 (de) * | 1999-05-22 | 2001-04-19 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Verfahren zur Erfassung und Auswertung von Messdaten und zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeigneter Computer sowie Logikbaustein |
| DE19962850B4 (de) * | 1999-12-24 | 2006-12-07 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Spektroskopisches Bildgebungsverfahren |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4514691A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1985-04-30 | Southwest Research Institute | Baggage inspection apparatus and method for determining presences of explosives |
| US5657758A (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 1997-08-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services | Method and system for multidimensional localization and for rapid magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging |
| DE19511791C1 (de) * | 1995-03-30 | 1996-08-22 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Shimmung eines Magnetsystems eines Kernspintomographen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
-
1998
- 1998-04-17 DE DE1998117228 patent/DE19817228C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-16 EP EP99926256A patent/EP1080377A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-16 JP JP2000545038A patent/JP2002512099A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-16 WO PCT/DE1999/001148 patent/WO1999054748A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO9954748A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1999054748A1 (de) | 1999-10-28 |
| JP2002512099A (ja) | 2002-04-23 |
| DE19817228C1 (de) | 1999-09-09 |
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| RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: KISELEV, VALERI Inventor name: POSSE, STEFAN |
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