EP0930941B1 - Method and device for automatic machine monitoring, specially fragmentizing machines, preferably rotor blades - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for automatic monitoring machines, specially fragmentizing machines, preferably rotor blades, which ensure an effective and high efficient machine operation by measuring the machine load depending on at least one measurable variable (M1, M2) and subsequently controlling the kinematic machine sequence.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a method and a device for automatic Monitoring of shredding machines like rotor shears for shredding bulky waste with two stored parallel to each other in a housing, counter-rotating, intermeshing cutting rotors, each consisting of several lined up on a shaft with cutting teeth provided rotor disks are formed.

State of the art

Control devices for the protection of drives which are used for Overloading one of the drive elements generates signals that are sent via a control unit act on the drive. These monitoring controls usually record Drive values, e.g. Current, power, speed, torque or the like ..

Crushers of the type described above are in operation exposed to specifically high and changing loads, their high Extreme values due to the parts of the Feed good are caused. These are in size, shape or Material quality very different, but can ultimately be in Classify crushable and non-crushable parts. In order to use the rotor shears Shredding process blocking and especially the cutting tools Sorting out destructive materials, such as heavy iron parts, is after the Forward running through so-called reversing movements due to the design of the Cutting teeth and position of the rotor shear inevitably removed disruptive parts.

According to WO-PCT / JP95 / 01538, it was known for a rotor shear operating in this way that to coordinate the forward run and the reversing movement in time, but without the time for the forward run and the reversing movement Load data of the machine.

According to DE 34 12 306 C2, a control device for protecting an electromotive drive, in particular a document shredder, is known, which monitors the drive and generates a signal when it is overloaded, which acts on the drive via a control unit. In order to protect the electrical and mechanical drive parts as much as possible, the problem is solved by a control indicator element with a plurality of light-emitting diodes, which is controlled in stages depending on the drive values supplied to the control indicator element, the signal being generated depending on the control of one or more stages, which is a reverse run , the so-called reversing, or disengaging the drive. For document shredders, this is an effective and practical solution, but it is not generally transferable for load-dependent monitoring of machines and is particularly applicable for shredding machines of the type described above.
It is also known according to DE 29 37 846 to specify a run-up time to a minimum speed in a machine for comminuting bulky material, so that the respective speeds of the cutting mechanism drive are monitored and the same is switched off from the forward or reverse run when it is has not reached the relevant minimum speed within the specified times.

This means that load-dependent monitoring cannot be carried out by recognizing the type of load can be realized in order to reduce the size of feed material that cannot be shredded differentiate.

Further analysis of the relevant prior art shows the following Result without resulting in solutions for those to be disclosed below Invention can be adopted.

According to US 4,560,110 has a hydraulic drive device for one Shredder sensing means attached to the drive means upstream in the fluid circuit are connected and to an increase in the force supplied to the pumping means respond above a predetermined value by generating a reverse signal to finally reverse the direction of rotation of the rotor shaft and thus the Remove blockage.

With the likewise hydraulic drive device according to the same as the genus described above according to US 4,793,561 react Blocking tracer to a predetermined minimum speed, one Blocking condition in the shredder corresponds.

According to WO 80/00128, a switching unit in the power supply line to the motor, a reversal of the motor in response to an increase in the Torque above a predetermined value as a result of the occurrence of a increased resistance on the cutting devices.

The subject of the invention described in NL 83 03 051 is reduced to a pure overload cut-off, which does not solve the local problem can contribute.

Finally, there is no suggestion from US Pat. No. 4,034,918, which leads to Solution contributes to the task below.

Presentation of the invention

The invention is based, both from business and the task also constructive points of view when crushing in the forward run and in Reverse running, the so-called reversing movement, disruptive parts of the Comminution machines of the aforementioned type which separate out feed material Genus, despite the disruptive process of disruptive parts of the feed, which too shock-like, extremely high loads lead to the type of load on the machine recognize, continue the machine operation without interference and thereby distinguishable from comminutable and non-comminutable feed, whereby machine-related measurands are to be recorded and evaluated.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by the features of claims 1 to 22 solved.

• eine automatische Überwachung für einen wirkungsvollen, hocheffizienten Betrieb der Zerkleinerungsmaschine realisierbar ist und
• die Funktionsteile der Maschine optimal dimensionierbar werden, d.h. der konstruktionsbedingte Materialeinsatz minimiert werden kann.

The invention surprisingly showed in testing the advantageous effect that

• an automatic monitoring for an effective, highly efficient operation of the shredding machine can be implemented and
• the functional parts of the machine can be optimally dimensioned, ie the design-related use of materials can be minimized.

When using the invention for rotor shears, it is particularly advantageous that with the invention a control of the composition of the material to be crushed to protect and secure subsequent processes, e.g. the preparation and recycling shredded paper, shredded plastics and others Materials that are then free from disruptive materials such as heavy parts Ferrous metals are guaranteed.

Brief description of the drawings Show in the accompanying drawings

Fig. 1

the scheme of a process variant according to the invention for a Rotor shear, shown on the basis of the curves according to the machine load and the direction of rotation with a schematic representation removing a non-crushable part,

Fig. 2

the scheme of another process variant according to the invention for a rotor shear, shown based on analog conditions Fig. 1

Fig. 3

a device for performing the method for a rotor shear in a schematic representation,

Fig. 4

another facility for performing the procedure for a Rotor shear in a schematic representation and

Fig. 5

a third facility for performing the procedure for a Rotor shear in a schematic representation.

Best way to carry out the invention

The invention is illustrated using exemplary embodiments of a basic type.

1 and 2 show the method according to the invention on the basis of curve profiles in a coordinate system over the respective P-axis (pressure) and the respective t-axis (time) and the resulting kinematic processes with regard to the direction of rotation (arrows) of the cutting disks 8 (FIGS. 3, 4 and 5) one Rotor shear including the removal of heavy parts.

From Fig. 1 it can be seen that depending on an adjustable, time-differentiated Measured variable combination M1, M2 the amount of the slew rate the machine load is recorded as a gradient via the pressure increase. At shredded feed material runs the machine operation in the shredding Direction of rotation of the rotor shear. When crushable feed and the resulting amount of a relatively slow rate of increase Load (gradient) up to Pmax, the drive first reverses, after which the cutting disks 8 are opposite to those in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 directions (arrows), then turn back to the original To take direction for the crushing movement. Apparently non-crushable feed is a relatively high amount due to the amount Rate of increase of the load (gradient) - after a possible Reversing - first the crushing process is interrupted, the non-crushable Thrown out of the feed material and then the normal, crushing movement continued (Fig. 1a). The process can also be varied so that a Reversing is not absolutely necessary, but with one The hydraulic motor drive is static from a standstill and starts without pressure Pressure builds up again and the shredding process is slow or steady started up, in order to either crush the goods or (re) determine that it is ultimately not crushable (Fig. 1b). It is essential that the registration of the gradient is below the set value Pmax. With practical Experiments have shown that the one shown here in FIG. 1 at M2 Peak machine load can also be above Pmax.

2, the sequence is as follows in a further embodiment of the method controlled that when a first measured variable M1 is reached at Pmax and accumulation a reversible movement of the drive, then a subsequent further movement for comminution is initiated in order to then when an adjustable second measured variable is exceeded due to the Presence of non-crushable feed the crushing process - after a possible reversal - first of all to abort the non-crushable Remove feed material and then in normal operation of a shredding to continue.

3, 4 and 5 show three basic solution variants of devices for carrying out the method.
In these, the cutting rotors 8 of a rotor shear (not shown) with the hydraulic drive, such as the hydraulic motor 7 and the torque arm 1, are shown as effective elements for the decrease in the load data which are essential for the principle of the invention.

3, corresponding forces F1, F2, F3, F4 are derived, partly measured and evaluated or formed, according to one of the described embodiments of the rotor shear load. For this purpose, the torque arm 1 is articulated on a piston rod 2 of a hydraulic cylinder 3 to absorb the force F1 from the rotary movement of the rotor shears. Between the torque arm 1 and the hydraulic cylinder, a spring 4 is arranged to generate the force F2, which counteracts the force F1. A hydraulic connection 5 to a reservoir-like container 6 is connected downstream of the piston chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 3. This is optionally filled in order to ensure the required prestressing as the base pressure for ensuring the prestressing and generating a prestressing force F3 which overlaps the force F2 and counteracts the force F1. Sensors (not shown) are accommodated in the hydraulic connection 5 for the generation of the measured variables M1, M2, in order to control the process sequence of the comminution process of the rotor shears typical of the method according to the invention due to the temporal differentiation of these measured variables (Fig. 1).
In this device, the means for the forces F1, F2 and F3 described in this way form a damping system with damping forces F4 for generating a damping decrement.

Another variant of a device according to the invention according to FIG. 4 provides in the torque support 1, which acts as a bending beam, a measuring element 1.1 such as strain gauges for measuring the deflection of the torque support 1, which is connected to a measuring amplifier 1.2. Alternatively, the torque arm 1 can also be supported as a further measuring element 1.3 with the interposition of a piezo element connected to another measuring amplifier 1.4, which measuring elements 1.1, 1.3 measure the force F1 corresponding to the rotor shear load.
The first 1.2 or the second measuring amplifier 1.4 evaluates the machine load according to FIGS. 1 and 2 to generate the measured variables M1, M2 and / or the amount of the speed of the load increase as a gradient in order to determine the kinematic sequence of the operation of the rotor shears - in accordance with the method as above described - to control.

Finally, according to FIG. 5, a device according to the invention can also be used for implementation of the method lead when between the hydraulic motor 7 and a hydraulic pump 9 a pressure sensor 7.1 for recording the speed increase (Gradient) of the load is provided and a control 7.2 of the invention Process flow is influenced.

Industrial applicability

The process according to the invention and the corresponding process can be particularly effective Facilities used in practice with software installed ultimately to the shredding machine - like here the rotor shears - optimized comminution of bulky goods on the one hand and rejection on the other of non-crushable feed both highly efficient and gentle operate.

Reference list

1 =

Torque arm

1.1 =

first measuring element

1.2 =

first measuring amplifier

1.3 =

second measuring element / piezo element

1.4 =

second measuring amplifier

2 =

Piston rod

3 =

Hydraulic cylinder

4 =

feather

5 =

hydraulic connection

6 =

memory-like container

7 =

Hydraulic motor

7.1 =

Pressure sensor

7.2 =

control

8 =

Cutting disc

9 =

Hydraulic pump

F1 =

Force (reaction)

F2 =

Force (action)

F3 =

Preload

F4 =

Damping force

M1 =

first measurand

M2 =

second measurand

Pmax =

set load value

Claims (22)

1. A procedure for the automatic, load-dependent monitoring of rotor shears that comminute when running forward, and separate out disrupting parts of the charging material when running backwards, in reverse, to differentiate between comminutable and non-comminutable charging material, and generate information for the progression of the comminution process, characterized by the fact that, depending on the measured variables (M1, M2, Fig. 1), the machine load build-up rate is acquired as a gradient, a differentiation is made between charging material that can and cannot be comminuted from this gradient, and the machine is then operated further given comminutable charging material, wherein, given an accumulation of comminutable material, an initial reverse motion of the drive followed by another motion for comminution are initiated, with the comminution process first being terminated in the event of non-comminutable charging material (Fig. 1a).
2. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, without reversing from standstill, the machine is continuously operated in the forward mode with a growing load state to finally comminute the charging material or (again) determine that it cannot be comminuted and must be separated out (Fig. 1b).
3. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, upon reaching the first measured variable (Fig. 2, M1) at Pmax and given the accumulation of comminutable charging material, an initial reverse motion of the drive followed by an additional motion for comminution are initiated, after which, if the second measured variable (M2) is exceeded due to the presence of non-comminutable charging material, the comminution process is first terminated, the non-comminutable charging material is removed, and then operation is continued in the comminution mode.
4. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that

   a) at least one force corresponding to the machine load (Fig. 3, F1, F2, F3, F4) is derived from the machine, measured and evaluated.

   b) when adjustable measured values (M1, M2) are reached and/or exceeded, the kinematic sequence of the system is altered by elements of the machine, wherein

   c) the load of at least one machine element is ascertained.
5. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that

   a) a force (F1) corresponding to the rotor shear load is derived, wherein this load counteracts a load (F2) superposed by a pre-tensioning force (F3), and a dampening force (F4) is generated,

   b) depending on the measured variables (M1, M2, Fig. 1), the machine load build-up rate is acquired, a differentiation is made between charging material that can and cannot be comminuted from this gradient, and the machine is then operated further given comminutable charging material, wherein, given an accumulation of comminutable material, an initial reverse motion of the drive followed by another motion for comminution are initiated, with the comminution process first being terminated in the event of non-comminutable charging material,

   c) the load placed on at least one element of the comminution machine is diminished by damping a caused by a recoil/impact-type or oscillation-induced load caused by the non-comminutable charging material in the comminution process, while ensuring an initial tension adjustable in the dampening system, and

   d) the adjustable, pressure-dependent measured variables are influenced by dampening.
6. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, given non-comminutable charging material, the comminution process is initially terminated before the rated load is exceeded.
7. A procedure according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the initial tension is set depending on the shape, size or material constitution of the comminutable charging material.
8. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, after the drive is stopped to loosen the non-comminutable charging material, a reverse motion takes place as a function of a defined value for a defined third measured variable (not specified).
9. A procedure according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, after the reverse motion, at least one renewed motion is initiated for comminution, and the loosened charging material is again routed to the comminution process.
10. A procedure according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that at least one reversal of the drive followed by an additional comminution process takes place.
11. A procedure according to claim 8 or 10, characterized by the fact that the third measured variable is generated as a function of the rotational angle of the main shafts of the rotor shears (not specified).
12. A procedure according to claim 8 or 10, characterized by the fact that the third measured variable is generated as a function of one segment/path.
13. A procedure according to claim 8 or 10, characterized by the fact that the third measured variable is generated as a function of time.
14. A procedure according to claim 1 or 8, characterized by the fact that, after the non-comminutable charging material has been loosened, the non-comminutable charging material is removed from the comminution process as a function of a defined value for a fourth measured variable (not specified).
15. A procedure according to claim 10, characterized by the fact that, after several reversals of the drive given an unsuccessful comminution of the charging material, the charging material is removed from the comminution process as a function of an adjustable number of comminution attempts.
16. A procedure according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized by the use of a computer-assisted program for executing the procedural features as a function of the measured variables for machine load to control the kinematic sequence of the machine process and comminution process.
17. A device for executing the procedure according to claim 1 for the automatic, load-dependent monitoring of rotor shears that comminute when running forward, and separate out disrupting parts of the charging material when running backwards, in reverse, to differentiate between comminutable and non-comminutable charging material, with means to generate information for the progression of the comminution process, characterized by the fact that, depending on the measured variables (M1, M2), the means acquire the machine load build-up rate as a gradient, the means differentiate between charging material that can and cannot be comminuted, and influence the kinematic progression of rotor shear operation.
18. A device according to claim 17, characterized by

    a) initial means for transmitting a force (F1) derived from the machine that corresponds to the machine load,

    b) second means for generating a force (F2) that counteracts force (F1),

    c) third means for transmitting the pre-tensioning force (F3) derived from the initial tension, which overlaps force (F2) and counteracts force (F1), wherein

    d) these means constitute a dampening system with dampening forces (F4) to generate a dampening decrement, and

    e) fourth means for generating the measured variables (M1, M2) to influence the kinematic progression of machine operation.
19. A device according to claim 18 for monitoring the operation in particular of a hydraulic-drive comminution machine, preferably rotor shears, characterized by

    a) a torque support (1) to absorb forces (F1) from rotational motions of the comminution machine, which is hinged to a piston rod (2) of a hydraulic cylinder (3),

    b) a spring (4) to generate the force (F2),

    c) at least one hydraulic connection (5) between the piston room or piston and ring room of a hydraulic cylinder (3) to a storage container (6), which can be filled if desired to bring about the respectively required initial tension (base pressure) to ensure the initial tension,

    d) a hydraulic connection between the piston room or piston and ring room of the hydraulic cylinder (3) to a supply system (not shown) to set the initial tension (base pressure),

    e) at least one sensor (not shown) to generate signals for transmission to an evaluator (not shown) for at least one measured variable (M1), from which at least one value is generated to change the kinematic progression of the comminution machine, and at least one other measured variable (M2), which is independent of the first or chronologically differentiated in sequence, and initially interrupts the comminution process and indicates this.
20. A device to execute the procedure according to claim 19, characterized by the fact that, to execute the reverse motion, a hydraulic cylinder is connected with the torque support (1), the lift of the hydraulic cylinder is adjustable as a function of the magnitude of the reversing angle, e.g., 30° - 60°, of a rotor of the rotor shears, wherein the pressure and/or suction line of a hydraulic drive is blocked during the reversing process, and/or positively connected with the shaft (not shown) of the rotor shears.
21. A device according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that, in rotor shears driven by a hydraulic motor (7), a pressure sensor (7.1) that detects the pressure rise and generates chronologically differentiated measured variables (M1, M2) is provided for measuring the machine load build-up rate, which is associated with a controller (7.2) to influence the kinematic progression of rotor shear operation.
22. A device according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that at least one measuring element (1.1, 1.3) for measuring the machine load is arranged at a torque support (1) for rotor shears, and connected with a measuring amplifier (1.2, 1.4).

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