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EP0878015B1 - Procede de determination de la duree de vie residuelle de contacts dans des appareils de commutation et systeme associe - Google Patents

Procede de determination de la duree de vie residuelle de contacts dans des appareils de commutation et systeme associe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0878015B1
EP0878015B1 EP97907032A EP97907032A EP0878015B1 EP 0878015 B1 EP0878015 B1 EP 0878015B1 EP 97907032 A EP97907032 A EP 97907032A EP 97907032 A EP97907032 A EP 97907032A EP 0878015 B1 EP0878015 B1 EP 0878015B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
contactor
signal
voltage
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97907032A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0878015A1 (fr
Inventor
Fritz Pohl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0878015A1 publication Critical patent/EP0878015A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0878015B1 publication Critical patent/EP0878015B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/002—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/0015—Means for testing or for inspecting contacts, e.g. wear indicator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
    • H01H71/04—Means for indicating condition of the switching device
    • H01H2071/044—Monitoring, detection or measuring systems to establish the end of life of the switching device, can also contain other on-line monitoring systems, e.g. for detecting mechanical failures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determination the remaining life of contacts in switchgear, in particular of contactor contacts, whereby as a replacement criterion for the erosion of the so-called contact pressure on the switching path is detected and used to determine the erosion the contact pieces each the change in pressure during Switch-off process measured and converted as the remaining service life is what for the contactor drive from armature with solenoid and associated yoke and a time measurement of the anchor path from Beginning of the armature movement up to the beginning of the contact opening he follows.
  • the invention also relates to the associated one Device with an evaluation device for determination and display of remaining life.
  • the time signals required for this are on the one hand Interruption of an auxiliary current path via the anchor and yoke of the Magnet drive and via the contact voltage on the main contact pieces detected and in defined voltage pulses reshaped.
  • opening the contact especially in the three-phase network by monitoring the voltage especially at an artificial star point. This allows the device to determine the remaining life as an independent additional device in the load circuit between the contactor and the electrical consumer too switch, which only with a communication line connected to the contactor to open the armature-yoke contact is.
  • the object of the invention is a possibility with which the remaining service life detection of one Modification on the contactor, such as in particular an armature-yoke contact, made independently and used by any shooter can be.
  • the object of the invention is in a method of type mentioned solved in that from the tension the time at which the armature is separated from the magnet coil Yoke of the contactor magnet drive is detected.
  • Advantageously will increase the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit when lifting the magnet armature. This is due to the change in flow over time Magnetic coil induced voltage signal used for time measurement.
  • the evaluation device has means for detection and detection of the voltage on the solenoid.
  • These means are preferably units for signal rectification, for signal limitation and shaping, as well as for Hiding and enabling signals.
  • the invention is based on the following physical behavior when a contactor magnet drive is switched off: To generate the necessary armature closing force, a current of a predetermined magnitude is built up in the iron circuit by the current of the magnet coil. When the control circuit is switched off, the magnet coil is de-energized and the magnetic flux decays in the closed iron circuit a few milliseconds later due to the remanence. The magnetic armature now begins to open at the moment when the magnetic closing force falls below the opening force, ie the sum of the spring forces of contacts and bridge girders. When the magnet armature is lifted, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit increases suddenly, the remaining magnetic flux ⁇ (Kmagn ⁇ ⁇ 2 ) rapidly decaying and the change in flux over time induces a voltage signal on the magnet coil.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the structure and arrangement of a device 100 for detecting the remaining service life of the main contacts of a contactor 1 in the three-phase network.
  • This device is arranged on the load side between the protection 1 and a consumer 20, for example a three-phase motor. It contains a first evaluation module 101, preferably for detecting the contact opening time t k of the first main contacts, or alternatively for detecting the contact opening times of each main contact. It also contains a second evaluation module 102 for detecting the start of the armature movement, which is also referred to as time t A of the armature opening.
  • the contact pressure and therefrom the remaining service life are determined by an evaluation unit, for example a microprocessor 105, and this is shown on a display 106 and / or output via a data bus or further evaluation.
  • an evaluation unit for example a microprocessor 105
  • the second evaluation module 102 is connected with its two measuring inputs to the connections of the contactor magnet coil and determines the point in time at which the armature movement begins t A from the signal curve of the coil voltage during the switch-off process.
  • the device 100 for detecting the remaining service life of the Main contacts is advantageously on the load side of the monitored switching device arranged to with little technical Effort to open the monitored switchgear to monitor how it is in a parallel application in individual is described.
  • the device 100 can also arranged on the infeed side of the monitored switching device and in various facilities (e.g. overload relays) be integrated on the infeed or load side.
  • the capture of contact opening can be done by measuring the contact voltages via measuring connections at the terminals of the individual switching poles.
  • wire contactor coils It is common to wire contactor coils to avoid switching overvoltages to be avoided when the stream of arcs is interrupted (chopping).
  • Examples of wiring elements are R-C elements, Varistors and in the DC case Zener diodes intended.
  • a detection of the anchor opening time the coil voltage when using R-C suppressors not possible because when the coil current is switched off an excited one R-C-L resonant circuit is created and the coil voltage as decaying sine wave no significant waveform for assignment to the anchor opening time.
  • FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a device for determination the anchor opening time from the switch-off voltage on the solenoid 5 of a contactor 1.
  • the control of the Contactor magnet system can expediently by an auxiliary contactor 2 take place, which the control supply voltage to the Contactor coil 5 turns on or off in two poles. The coil voltage is then at the potential at the time the anchor is opened the control supply voltage separately.
  • 3 is the evaluation module 102 from the series connection of a unit 110 for signal rectification, a unit 120 for signal limitation and formation, a unit 130 for signal suppression and a Unit 140 for signal release.
  • the output signals of the Units 120 and 140 are placed on an AND gate 150, that exactly outputs the desired anchor opening time. Especially because of the necessary exact determination of the small time intervals is a corresponding interpretation of the Units 110 to 140 thanks to problem-adapted components necessary.
  • an output pulse is generated with the characteristic voltage pulse, for example pulse width ⁇ 2 ms, pulse height ⁇ 50 V, in FIG 2, which at the Separation of the anchor from the yoke occurs, coinciding in time.
  • the output pulse for example with an optocoupler not shown in FIG. 3 an output signal can be derived from the supply network of the contactor magnet drive galvanically isolated is.
  • FIG 4 shows a specific wiring example of an evaluation circuit to record the anchor opening time with Components 111 to 136, which are used to assemble the units 110, 120, 130, 140 are self-explanatory.
  • the circuit connects to the Test leads for voltage monitoring of solenoid 6, 6 ' of the contactor drive 5 of FIG 1. Both measuring connections included the same series resistor 9 for voltage division of the Measurement signal to a free pin assignment on the contactor coil 5 to get.
  • the measuring earth is connected to the protective earth and is practically at zero potential, so that during the The auxiliary contactor is only switched on by the outer conductor L a measuring current flows into the evaluation circuit.
  • a characteristic measurement signal is generated.
  • This contains short voltage pulses when the contactor magnet drive is switched on of, for example, 300 ⁇ s width and at 50 Hz AC voltage 10 ms interval during the switch-off process two approximately 2 ms long voltage pulses with a few milliseconds Time interval arise, of which the first pulse is the Induction waste in the iron core marks during the second pulse by lifting the anchor from the yoke and the associated induction change is generated.
  • FIG. 5 shows measurement oscillograms of the evaluation circuit according to FIG. 4.
  • the armature-yoke auxiliary contact of the modified contactor was used to record the time at which the armature opening began electrically and mechanically and to be able to compare it with the output signal of the evaluation circuit.
  • time fluctuations which are caused by mechanical tolerances influenced contact separation of the main contactor contacts and different magnetization state of the contactor magnetic drive, can be largely eliminated, so that the averaged time difference between the beginning of the The armature opening movement and the start of the contact opening are recorded with a measuring accuracy of +/- 100 ... 200 ⁇ s.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further evaluation circuit for detecting the Anchor opening time. It differs from that Circuit in FIG. 4 only through the circuit part of the signal limitation and shaping, especially due to the high input resistance of comparators 128 and 129.
  • the evaluation circuit therefore processes the measurement signal from the contactor coil in the same way, regardless of whether the ground connection of the Electronics supply voltage is at ground potential, or Not. Furthermore, the detection of the anchor opening time even with single-pole interruption of the coil voltage enables.
  • the circuit of FIG. 6 can therefore be used for earthed and ungrounded Networks with both AC and DC voltage be used.
  • signal processing e.g. with an optocoupler galvanic isolation of the output signal to be provided by the supply network of the contactor magnet drive.
  • the exact time assignment of the armature opening time t A to the 'armature opening pulse' of the evaluation circuit according to FIG. 4 and 5 can be done by taking into account a contactor and circuit-specific time offset, calculated from the rising edge of the 'armature opening pulse', for example 0.7 ms for the above type of contactor. Depending on the size of the contactor and the voltage level of the control supply voltage, it may be necessary to adapt the circuit section for signal limitation.
  • FIG. 8 shows the signal curve of the armature opening time t A of the evaluation circuit according to FIG. 6 and the contact opening time of a standard contactor, again using the averaging.
  • the mean time interval from the beginning of the armature opening t A to the beginning of the contact opening t k can be specified in the measured example as 4.6 ms ⁇ 0.2 ms.
  • the evaluation circuit described for detecting the armature opening time can be part of an evaluation device for determining the remaining service life of contactor main contacts.
  • the evaluation device is located on the load side between the contactor and the electrical consumer and is contacted with the outer conductors L1, L2, L3 via a first monitoring module to detect the opening of the contact from the change in voltage at an artificial star point.
  • An in particular two-wire signal line connects the contacts of the contactor coil to a second monitoring module for the detection of the armature opening. From the time signals of the armature opening t A and the contact opening t K supplied by the monitoring modules, the microprocessor determines the current contact pressure and from this the electrical remaining service life of the main contact pieces.

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  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)

Abstract

Pour déterminer la durée de vie résiduelle de contacts de mise à la terre, en tant que critère de remplacement en cas d'usure, il a d'ores et déjà été proposé de détecter la pression de contact exercée au niveau de l'écartement entre contacts et de mesurer la modification de la pression de contact pendant le processus de mise hors service, afin de déterminer l'usure des plots de contact et de convertir ces données en durée de vie résiduelle. A cet effet, il est nécessaire de mesurer le temps que met l'induit pour se déplacer, du début de son mouvement jusqu'au début de l'ouverture du contact. Selon l'invention, l'instant où l'induit est séparé de la culasse de la commande magnétique de mise à la terre, est détecté à partir de la tension présente au niveau de la bobine d'excitation. L'augmentation de la résistance magnétique du circuit magnétique du circuit magnétique est détectée au moment où l'induit se soulève. Le système associé comprend un appareil d'évaluation servant à déterminer et à afficher la durée de vie résiduelle. L'appareil d'évaluation servant à déterminer et à afficher la durée de vie résiduelle. L'appareil d'évaluation (100) comporte des éléments (110 à 150) permettant de déterminer et de détecter la tension présente au niveau de la bobine d'excitation (5).

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour la détermination de la durée de vie restante de contacts dans des appareils de commutation, notamment des contacteurs-disjoncteurs, dans lequel on détecte ce que l'on appelle la pression de contact sur la section de commutation comme critère de remplacement pour l'usure, on mesure la variation de pression pendant l'opération de coupure pour la détermination de l'usure des pièces de contact et on la transforme par le calcul en durée de vie restante et dans lequel on effectue dans le cas d'une commande magnétique de contacteur constituée d'une culasse et d'un induit ayant une bobine d'excitation une mesure de temps de la course d'induit du début du mouvement d'induit au début de l'ouverture de contact, caractérisé par le fait que l'on détecte à partir de la tension à la bobine d'excitation l'instant de la séparation entre l'induit et la culasse de la commande magnétique de contacteur.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'on détecte l'augmentation de la résistance magnétique du circuit magnétique lors du décollement de l'induit.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'on exploite pour la mesure de temps le signal de tension induit par la variation dans le temps du flux à la bobine.
  4. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1 ou l'une des revendications 2 et 3, comportant un appareil d'évaluation pour la détermination et l'affichage de la durée de vie restante, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil d'évaluation (100) comporte des moyens (110 à 150) pour la détection de la tension à la bobine (5).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que les moyens pour la détection de la tension de signal sont une unité (110) pour le redressement du signal, une unité (120) pour la limitation et la mise en forme du signal, une unité (130) pour la suppression du signal et une unité (140) pour la libération du signal.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que les unités (110, 120, 130, 140) sont constituées de circuits discrets destinés à la production d'un signal temporel pour l'instant d'ouverture d'induit.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait que l'unité (130) destinée à la suppression du signal pour l'instant d'ouverture d'induit contient plusieurs étages temporels (131, 132, 133).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que les étages temporels (131, 132, 133) sont reliés entre eux par l'intermédiaire d'au moins un étage ET (135).
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil d'évaluation (100) est intégré en tant que composant supplémentaire dans le contacteur (1) à surveiller.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil d'évaluation (100) est raccordé au contacteur (1) à surveiller.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil d'évaluation (100) est monté dans un relais de surcharge du côté de charge du contacteur (1) à surveiller.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil d'évaluation (100) est monté en tant qu'appareil supplémentaire indépendant du côté de charge du contacteur (1) à surveiller.
EP97907032A 1996-01-31 1997-01-29 Procede de determination de la duree de vie residuelle de contacts dans des appareils de commutation et systeme associe Expired - Lifetime EP0878015B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19603319 1996-01-31
DE19603319A DE19603319A1 (de) 1996-01-31 1996-01-31 Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer von Kontakten in Schaltgeräten und zugehörige Anordnung
PCT/DE1997/000174 WO1997028549A1 (fr) 1996-01-31 1997-01-29 Procede de determination de la duree de vie residuelle de contacts dans des appareils de commutation et systeme associe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0878015A1 EP0878015A1 (fr) 1998-11-18
EP0878015B1 true EP0878015B1 (fr) 1999-10-20

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US (1) US6225807B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0878015B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1065352C (fr)
DE (2) DE19603319A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997028549A1 (fr)

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LU93350B1 (de) 2016-12-12 2018-07-03 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co Kg Intellectual Property Licenses & Standards Verfahren zur Überwachung einer elektromechanischen Komponente eines Automatisierungssystems
CN106842013A (zh) * 2017-02-10 2017-06-13 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 基于电磁波的断路器触头烧蚀程度的带电检测方法及装置
DE102017003755B4 (de) 2017-03-10 2019-01-03 Plättner Elektronik GmbH Schaltung zur internen und externen Funktionsprüfung eines elektrischen Relais und /oder Schützes
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US5668693A (en) * 1996-06-25 1997-09-16 Eaton Corporation Method of monitoring a contactor

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10260248A1 (de) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-22 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes und zugehörige Anordnung
DE10260258A1 (de) * 2002-12-20 2004-07-22 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes
DE10260249A1 (de) * 2002-12-20 2004-08-12 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes
DE10260258B4 (de) * 2002-12-20 2005-02-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes
DE10260248B4 (de) * 2002-12-20 2005-07-21 Siemens Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes und zugehörige Anordnung
DE10260249B4 (de) * 2002-12-20 2005-07-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Restlebensdauer eines Schaltgerätes
DE102005045095A1 (de) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Bestimmen des Abbrandes von Kontakten eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgerätes und elektromagnetisches Schaltgerät mit einer nach diesem Verfahren arbeitenden Einrichtung
FR2952222A1 (fr) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-06 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de determination de l'usure des contacts d'appareils de commutation electrique
EP2320443A3 (fr) * 2009-11-05 2012-08-29 Schneider Electric Industries SAS Dispositif de détermination de l'usure des contacts d'appareils de commutation éléctrique

Also Published As

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US6225807B1 (en) 2001-05-01
DE59700585D1 (de) 1999-11-25
CN1207200A (zh) 1999-02-03
EP0878015A1 (fr) 1998-11-18
CN1065352C (zh) 2001-05-02
WO1997028549A1 (fr) 1997-08-07
DE19603319A1 (de) 1997-08-07

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