EP0743665B1 - Leistungsschalter - Google Patents
Leistungsschalter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0743665B1 EP0743665B1 EP96810265A EP96810265A EP0743665B1 EP 0743665 B1 EP0743665 B1 EP 0743665B1 EP 96810265 A EP96810265 A EP 96810265A EP 96810265 A EP96810265 A EP 96810265A EP 0743665 B1 EP0743665 B1 EP 0743665B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- circuit breaker
- erosion
- arc
- contact
- breaker according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/18—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/72—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid having stationary parts for directing the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid, e.g. arc-extinguishing chamber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/98—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
- H01H33/982—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit breaker according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- a gaseous insulating and extinguishing medium preferably sulfur hexafluoride, filled circuit breakers known that an arcing chamber with a power current path and have a nominal current path.
- the Power current path has at least one fixed and a moving contact.
- the arcing chamber can be used as single blown or double blown Chamber be formed.
- the quenching chamber as self-blown chamber be formed, in which the Arc energy required to extinguish it Blow pressure generated itself, which in a blow volume as long is saved until a promising inflation of the Arc is possible.
- a particularly quick build-up of pressure in the Blowing volume is reached when the arc through one of the known measures is set in rotation. Both known circuit breakers occurs a comparatively large Contact erosion.
- the advantages achieved by the invention are substantial to see that the arc is in an annular gap burns, so that stretching it out with great certainty is avoided, which has the consequence that the arc energy is limited to controllable values.
- the volume and also the dimensions of the arcing chamber can thus advantageously be small are kept, so that an advantageous space-saving and inexpensive circuit breaker is created.
- FIG. 1 shows a first, greatly simplified partial section through a first embodiment of a circuit breaker according to the invention.
- This circuit breaker has a quenching chamber 1 filled with an insulating medium, for example sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 gas).
- the quenching chamber 1 has a longitudinal axis 2, around which the quenching chamber contacts are arranged centrally symmetrically.
- a fixed contact arrangement 3 made of an electrically conductive metal is rigidly connected to a centrally arranged, cylindrical insulating part 4 made of an insulating material.
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has proven to be particularly suitable for the production of the guide part 4.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be adapted to the respective operating requirements of the circuit breaker using fillers.
- the guide part 4 is made of particularly erosion-resistant PTFE. However, it is possible to produce the guide part 4 from other insulating materials, which can also be filled.
- the guide part 4 extends to a contact arrangement 5 and is partially enclosed by the extinguishing chamber 1 when the latter is switched on.
- the fixed contact arrangement 3 is provided with an annular erosion contact 6 which is arranged concentrically with the guide part 4.
- the side of the erosion contact 6 facing the contact arrangement 5 is provided with a ring-shaped cover 7 made of an erosion-resistant, electrically conductive material, preferably graphite.
- the contact arrangement 5 has an inner contact basket 8, which an outer erosion contact 9 surrounds concentrically.
- the inner contact basket 8 is actuated in the axial direction by a drive, not shown.
- the outer erosion contact 9 is arranged in a fixed manner.
- the inner contact basket 8 and the erosion contact 9 are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner; they always have the same electrical potential.
- the side of the fixed erosion contact 9 facing the fixed contact arrangement 3 is provided with an annular cover 10 made of an erosion-resistant, electrically conductive material, preferably graphite.
- the inner contact basket 8 consists of individual contact fingers that run parallel to one another.
- the contact fingers each have a burn-off-resistant cap 11 made of electrically conductive material at the tip. Tungsten copper is preferably used for this cap 11.
- the caps 11 rest with their contact surface 11a on a cylindrical contact surface 3a of the fixed contact arrangement 3 and make electrical contact with this contact surface 3a.
- the contact surface 3a can be reinforced on the side facing the guide part 4 by means of an erosion ring 3b made of erosion-resistant, electrically conductive material.
- the current path for the through the closed quenching chamber 1 flowing alternating current leads when comparatively small Nominal currents are to be carried by the fixed Contact arrangement 3 into the caps 11, through the contact basket 8 and further through the part of the Contact arrangement 5. If the arcing chamber 1 for comparative large rated currents is designed, is parallel to that described current path one, usually outside and concentrically arranged to this, separate nominal current path intended.
- the current path described above is from one to one Insulated housing 12 enclosed.
- the housing 12 As has particularly suitable for the manufacture of the housing 12 proved to be polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be made using fillers the respective operating requirements of the circuit breaker be adjusted.
- the housing 12 can also be made of another electrically insulating plastic are made and then inside with an appropriate lining Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) can be provided. If comparatively high alternating currents are to be interrupted, so the housing 12 is made of particularly erosion-resistant PTFE manufactured. However, it is possible to make the housing 12 different Insulating materials, which can also be filled, manufacture.
- the housing 12 has one in the direction of Longitudinal axis 2 pointing paragraph 13, which is in the direction of Longitudinal axis 2 extends. It can also be beneficial to this Paragraph 13 made of a particularly fire-resistant insulating material produce, the paragraph 13 for example by a targeted doping during the manufacture of the housing is made. Paragraph 13 can also, for example, as separate ring made of particularly burn-resistant insulating material are manufactured, which is then poured into the housing 12 becomes. Paragraph 13 extends into the space between the two Burning contacts 6 and 9 into it. The inner surface 14 of the Paragraph 13 is sufficient when the fire chamber 1 is closed comparatively close to the outer surface 8a of the Contact basket 8, but it does not touch them.
- the Paragraph 13 fills the space between the two erosion contacts 6 and 9 are not completely open between the one flank 13a the paragraph 13 and the cover 7 remains an annular trained space 15 which is formed into an annular Channel 16 merges.
- the channel 16 opens into a concentric Longitudinal axis 2 arranged, not shown blowing volume on.
- Between the other edge 13b of paragraph 13 and the Cover 10 remains a ring-shaped Room 17, which in an annular channel 18th transforms.
- the channel 18 leads down here and opens into one exhaust volume, not shown.
- the contact basket 8 encloses the guide part 4.
- FIG 2 shows the arcing chamber 1 shown in FIG a first intermediate position shortly after the beginning of the Turn-off.
- An arrow 20 indicates the direction of movement of the Contact basket 8 when switching off.
- the one with the cover 10 provided erosion contact 9 does not move into this Direction.
- the contact surface 11a of the cap 11 of the contact fingers of the contact basket 8 is already on from the contact surface 3a the erosion ring 3b and then flush on it adjoining surface of the guide part 4 Insulated material slipped with a small arc between the edge of the guide part 4 facing the Abbrandrings 3b and the cap 11 has arisen. This However, the arc burns only briefly on this edge of the Burning rings 3b.
- the one arc base commutates from the Edge of the erosion ring 3b on the erosion-resistant cover 7 of the Burning contact 6.
- Arc 21 heats the gas in its environment, i.e. in the room 15, and brings it to a higher pressure level.
- the pressurized gas then flows like arrows 22 indicate through the channel 16 in the not shown Blow volume from where it is stored.
- the arc 21 can in this area of the opening movement, the contact surface 11a the cap 11 do not attack, since this contact surface 11a the surface of the guide part 4 rests, whereby it is protected.
- the current carrying capacity of the contact surface 11a the cap 11 is therefore fully preserved.
- FIG Off position shows the extinguishing chamber 1 shown in FIG Off position.
- the contact basket 8 has so far in Direction of arrow 20 moves that the covers 7 of the Contact fingers of the contact basket 8 now within the with the Cover 10 provided fixed erosion contact 9 lie so that the lower base point of the arc 21 from the Cap 11 commutates on the cover 10 of the erosion contact 9 is.
- the arc 21 now burns between the surface 14 of paragraph 13 and the surface of the guide part 4th formed annular gap 23 between the cover 7 and the Cover 10, so that in this area of the process of Switch-off movement the contact surface 11a of the cap 11 safely against harmful direct effects of the arc 21 is protected.
- the contact basket 8 is in this position the fixed erosion contact 9 is dielectrically shielded.
- the annular space 17 is now by the arc 21 also heated up, and the resulting there pressurized gas flows as an arrow 24 indicates through the channel 18 into a not shown exhaust volume below.
- a particularly favorable combustion behavior results if the Arc 21 rotates.
- an axial magnetic field acting on the arc 21 necessary.
- This magnetic field can pass through in a known manner expediently arranged magnetic coils or by appropriate Permanent magnets are generated.
- 4 is for example, a permanent magnet 27 inside the Guide part 4 arranged concentrically to the annular gap 23, which this magnetic field acting on the arc 21 generated so that the arc 21 in the annular gap 23 around the Longitudinal axis 2 rotates.
- the arc 21 is extinguished when the arc 21, as shown in Figure 3, between the covers 7 and 10 burns in the annular gap 23.
- the arc 21 burns in the Usually not stationary, the arc base points change, due to the acting electrodynamic forces, their Position running so that the burn-off of the covers 7 and 10 distributed over their periphery. Now the arc 21 by a magnetic field for rapid rotation in the annular gap 23 brought, so the burn-off of the covers 7 and 10 again.
- the arc 21 points, depending on the instantaneous value of the alternating current to be switched off, a different one Intensity so that the pressure in room 15 is different. If the arc current in the Area around a current zero crossing, so prevails in Room 15 has a lower gas pressure than in the blowing volume. This Pressure drop between the blowing volume and the room 15 causes a flow of the compressed gas from the Blow volume out through the channel 16 into the room 15 and from there further through the annular gap 23, the room 17 and the channel 18 in the exhaust volume. This gas flow is shown in FIG indicated by a dashed arrow 28. This gas flow cools the arc 21 and brings it in a current zero crossing to go out.
Landscapes
- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
Description
- 1
- Löschkammer
- 2
- Längsachse
- 3
- feststehende Kontaktanordnung
- 3a
- Kontaktfläche
- 3b
- Abbrandring
- 4
- Führungsteil
- 5
- bewegliche Kontaktanordnung
- 6
- Abbrandkontakt
- 7
- Abdeckung
- 8
- Kontaktkorb
- 8a
- Oberfläche
- 9
- Abbrandkontakt
- 10
- Abdeckung
- 11
- Kappe
- 11a
- Kontaktfläche
- 12
- Gehäuse
- 13
- Absatz
- 13a,b
- Flanke
- 14
- Oberfläche
- 15
- Raum
- 16
- Kanal
- 17
- Raum
- 18
- Kanal
- 20
- Pfeil
- 21
- Lichtbogen
- 22
- Pfeile
- 23
- Ringspalt
- 24
- Pfeil
- 27
- Permanentmagnet
- 28
- Pfeil
Claims (9)
- Leistungsschalter mit mindestens einer mit einem isolierenden Medium gefüllten, zylindrisch ausgebildeten Löschkammer (1), welche eine in einem isolierenden Gehäuse (12) angeordnete, entlang einer Längsachse (2) erstreckte Leistungsstrombahn aufweist, mit einer in der Leistungsstrombahn angeordneten feststehenden Kontaktanordnung (3) und mit einer einen beweglichen Kontaktkorb (8) aufweisenden Kontaktanordnung (5), wobei sowohl die feststehende Kontaktanordnung (3) als auch die Kontaktanordnung (5) mit jeweils einer feststehenden abbrandfesten Abdeckung (7,10) versehen ist, mit einem den bei einem Ausschaltvorgang auftretenden, erhöhten Druck des isolierenden Mediums speichernden Blasvolumen, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass der Kontaktkorb (8) in der Einschaltstellung ein elektrisch isolierend ausgebildetes Führungsteil (4) umgibt,dass das isolierende Gehäuse (12) einen Absatz (13) aufweist, der in den Bereich zwischen einer ersten abbrandfesten Abdeckung (7) und einer zweiten abbrandfesten Abdeckung (10) hineinragt, unddass die beiden abbrandfesten Abdeckungen (7,10) konzentrisch um den Bereich des beweglichen Kontaktkorbs (8) angeordnet sind.
- Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass das Führungsteil (4) und das Gehäuse (12) aus Polytetrafluoräthylen (PTFE) gefertigt sind.
- Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass Mittel vorgesehen sind, welche den Lichtbogen (21) in Rotation um die Längsachse (2) versetzen.
- Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass die Mittel, welche den Lichtbogen (21) in Rotation um die Längsachse (2) versetzen, im Bereich des Absatzes (13) angeordnet sind.
- Leistungsschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass für höhere Betriebsspannungen der Absatz (13) in axialer Richtung verlängert ausgebildet ist, unddass die abbrandfesten Abdeckungen (7,10) entsprechend der Verlängerung des Absatzes (13) grösser beabstandet sind.
- Leistungsschalter nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass beidseitig des Absatzes (13) jeweils ein ringförmig ausgebildeter Raum (15,17) vorgesehen ist, von denen ein nach der Kontakttrennung erster durch die Lichtbogenenergie beaufschlagter Raum (15) durch einen Kanal (16) mit dem Blasvolumen verbunden ist, während ein zweiter durch die Lichtbogenenergie beaufschlagter Raum (17) durch mindestens eine Verbindung mit einem Auspuffvolumen verbunden ist.
- Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass der Kanal (16) als ringförmiger Kanal ausgebildet ist, unddass die mindestens eine Verbindung zum Auspuffvolumen als ringförmiger Kanal (18) ausgebildet ist.
- Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass der Bereich zwischen der Oberflache des Führungsteils (4) und der Oberfläche (14) des Absatzes (13) als ein Ringspalt (23) ausgebildet ist, wenn der bewegliche Kontaktkorb (8) diesen Bereich verlassen hat.
- Leistungsschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass mindestens eine der beiden abbrandfesten Abdeckungen (7,10) aus Graphit gefertigt ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19517615A DE19517615A1 (de) | 1995-05-13 | 1995-05-13 | Leistungsschalter |
| DE19517615 | 1995-05-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0743665A2 EP0743665A2 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
| EP0743665A3 EP0743665A3 (de) | 1998-04-22 |
| EP0743665B1 true EP0743665B1 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
Family
ID=7761842
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP96810265A Expired - Lifetime EP0743665B1 (de) | 1995-05-13 | 1996-04-25 | Leistungsschalter |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5844189A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0743665B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JPH08321233A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR100409412B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN1076515C (de) |
| BR (1) | BR9602218A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2172352A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19517615A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19830232A1 (de) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-01-13 | Abb Research Ltd | Stromkontaktanordnungen eines Stromschalters |
| JP5389279B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-07 | 2014-01-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 開閉装置 |
| JP6157824B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-28 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社東芝 | ガス遮断器 |
| JP6289856B2 (ja) | 2013-10-16 | 2018-03-07 | 株式会社東芝 | ガス遮断器 |
| FR3028089B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-12-30 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Interrupteur ou disjoncteur a moyenne ou haute tension, pourvu de contacts fixes ameliores, et procede d'utilisation |
| EP3561840B1 (de) | 2016-12-16 | 2024-07-10 | Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation | Gasisolierte schaltvorrichtung |
| US11217408B2 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2022-01-04 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas circuit breaker |
| JP6456581B1 (ja) * | 2018-06-25 | 2019-01-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ガス遮断器 |
| CN110797217B (zh) * | 2018-08-02 | 2022-03-29 | 平高集团有限公司 | 一种快速机械开关及其开关断口 |
| CN110137810B (zh) * | 2019-05-26 | 2024-05-17 | 余姚市宏宇输变电工程有限公司舜能电气分公司 | 一种开关柜 |
| CN112038967B (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-04-08 | 国核电力规划设计研究院有限公司 | 一种用电设备及其开关设备 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE49131C (de) * | D. J. Reisz, M. Berkovits und J. Bichler in Budapest, Waitzner Boulevard 73 | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Nickelzinn - Legirung | ||
| DE758950C (de) * | 1940-02-09 | 1952-04-17 | Porzellanfabrik Kahla | Fuer Starkstromschalter bestimmter stift- und huelsenfoermiger Unterbrechungskontakt |
| BE467249A (de) * | 1940-04-15 | |||
| CH324323A (de) * | 1953-10-15 | 1957-09-15 | Sprecher & Schuh Ag | Kontaktvorrichtung, insbesondere für Hochleistungsschalter |
| DE1803973U (de) * | 1959-04-23 | 1960-01-14 | Siemens Ag | Elektrischer schalter. |
| DE1220927B (de) * | 1963-08-23 | 1966-07-14 | Siemens Ag | Elektrischer Schalter |
| DE2208035C3 (de) * | 1972-02-17 | 1979-07-26 | Siemens Ag, 000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Kontaktsystem für Druckgasschalter |
| CH594973A5 (de) * | 1975-05-28 | 1978-01-31 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| US4052577A (en) * | 1975-09-02 | 1977-10-04 | I-T-E Imperial Corporation | Magnetically driven ring arc runner for circuit interrupter |
| FR2368792A1 (fr) * | 1976-10-20 | 1978-05-19 | Cem Comp Electro Mec | Appareil electrique de coupure, notamment un disjoncteur, a auto-soufflage de l'arc de coupure par un gaz |
| CH612293A5 (de) * | 1977-04-29 | 1979-07-13 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | |
| DE3041083A1 (de) * | 1978-11-02 | 1982-06-03 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Kontaktanordnung fuer druckgasschalter mit einem rohrfoermigen bauelement aus ferromagnetischem material |
| DE8029069U1 (de) * | 1980-10-30 | 1988-05-26 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Druckgasschalter |
| FR2558299B1 (fr) * | 1984-01-13 | 1987-03-20 | Alsthom Atlantique | Disjoncteur a haute tension a soufflage d'arc |
| EP0270895A1 (de) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-06-15 | BBC Brown Boveri AG | Druckgasschalter |
| DE4111932A1 (de) * | 1991-04-12 | 1992-10-15 | Asea Brown Boveri | Isolierstoffduese und verwendung der isolierduese in einem druckgasschalter |
| DE4212740C2 (de) * | 1992-04-16 | 1997-02-27 | Asea Brown Boveri | Hochspannungsschalter |
| DE4221951A1 (de) * | 1992-07-02 | 1994-01-13 | Siemens Ag | Hochspannungs-Leistungsschalter |
-
1995
- 1995-05-13 DE DE19517615A patent/DE19517615A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1996
- 1996-03-21 CA CA002172352A patent/CA2172352A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-26 US US08/621,641 patent/US5844189A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-25 DE DE59609674T patent/DE59609674D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-04-25 EP EP96810265A patent/EP0743665B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-05-09 KR KR1019960015252A patent/KR100409412B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-05-10 BR BR9602218A patent/BR9602218A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-05-10 JP JP8116754A patent/JPH08321233A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-05-13 CN CN96104490A patent/CN1076515C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1137160A (zh) | 1996-12-04 |
| KR960042804A (ko) | 1996-12-21 |
| CA2172352A1 (en) | 1996-11-14 |
| DE59609674D1 (de) | 2002-10-24 |
| BR9602218A (pt) | 1998-04-07 |
| KR100409412B1 (ko) | 2004-04-09 |
| DE19517615A1 (de) | 1996-11-14 |
| JPH08321233A (ja) | 1996-12-03 |
| US5844189A (en) | 1998-12-01 |
| EP0743665A3 (de) | 1998-04-22 |
| CN1076515C (zh) | 2001-12-19 |
| EP0743665A2 (de) | 1996-11-20 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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