EP0651835B1 - Element assembly for paving roads and the like - Google Patents

Abstract

Element assembly for paving roads and the like, developing a filtering effect for flowing fluids and having at least two superimposed coatings (1, 2, 3 ...) in the direction of flow from the upper entry side to the lower exit side, in which the upper layer on the entry side is substantially thinner than each of the underlying layers (2, 3 ...) and the free through-flow sections (a) of the layer on the entry side are smaller than the free through-flow sections (b, c ...) of each of the underlying layers (2, 3 ...), whereby the dimensions of the free through-flow sections (a, b, c ...) increase in the successive layers in the direction of flow.

Description

The invention relates to a floor surface attachment, which develops a filter effect for flowing fluids and is formed from porous material, such as concrete or plastic, and has at least two superimposed layers in the flow direction from the inlet top to the outlet underside, of which the top layer on the inlet side is much thinner than each of the layers below is and the free flow cross-section of the inlet-side layer formed by the pores of the porous material is smaller than the free flow cross-sections of each of the layers below, the dimensions of the free flow cross-sections increasing in the layers successive in the flow direction.

Such a floor mounting is known from Van Gelder: "Wegenbouwers Beperken Verkeerslawaii", de Volkskrant, June 8, 1991, Amsterdam (NL). This article discloses a sound-absorbing road surface made of "highly open asphalt concrete" (ZOAB), in which a two-layer structure ("TWINLAY") is proposed to avoid clogging of the pores due to sludge formation, etc. The covering consists of a 1.5 cm thick surface layer with a grain size of 4 to 8 mm and an underlying 5 cm thick layer with a grain size of 11 to 16 mm.

EP-A-0 471 978 also discloses a water-permeable surface fastening element made of mineral grains bonded with binders with the release of continuous pores. The element has a two-layer structure with a thinner facing layer and an underlying thicker layer. The mean free passage cross section of the facing layer is smaller than the mean free passage cross section of the layer below.

Although with these known floor surface fastenings or elements a permanent laying of the pores is largely neglected due to the free passage cross-section widening towards the bottom, on the other hand they have the disadvantage that due to the small-pore structure, in particular in the upper area, a sufficiently rapid drainage of the water is not guaranteed is. The invention therefore aims to provide a floor surface fastening of the type mentioned, which has an improved throughput in terms of water permeability, but at the same time retains the advantages of the known constructions with regard to avoiding a laying of the pores.

This goal is achieved in that additional free flow cross-sections in all layers by means of mandrels and the like. formed channels are formed, which are essentially conical or stepped from layer to layer, and that the additional flow cross sections in the successive layers in the flow direction increase.

With the present invention it is achieved that even large amounts of water accumulating on the surface are discharged into the soil unhindered in this way. Contamination contained in the water, e.g. Oils or petrol are adsorbed to a certain degree in the pavement and regenerated in it later even in a biological degradation process. Due to the special structure of the free flow cross-sections and channels in the flow direction and the resulting increasingly larger air volume, the biological activity in the soil element is significantly improved and accelerated.

The solids contained in the surface waters can only penetrate into the soil element up to a certain grain size; however, due to the increase in the free flow cross-section, they are not retained in the base element, but are carried into the substructure. The ventilation of the sub-floor is retained after the floor surface has been fixed.

The solids retained on the surface of the floor surface fastening or the floor element can be easily picked up and removed. The pores on the surface as well as inside cannot become overgrown due to dirt particles, so that the drainage effect and the biological degradation activity are retained within the surface fastening and also in the sub-floor. The cleaning and maintenance of the sewage shafts and sewers is reduced to a minimum. In addition, amphibians no longer get into the sewage shafts.

The invention enables the execution and erection of walkable and passable surface fastenings for squares, streets and road sections as well as for converted surfaces, e.g. to form a bandage, this surface fastening directly on a mechanically stable base layer, e.g. Split, inclined concrete or water-permeable floor substructure (e.g. ballast bed) can rest. The floor elements can be drained into the substructure or via drainage pipes, in which the leachate or other liquid media are fed to a central collector. However, openings can also be formed in the individual floor elements, which are arranged in such a way that in the surface fastening they result in channels oriented transversely to the flow direction, in which the infiltrating liquid, insofar as it cannot be adsorbed, flows away.

The invention also relates to a floor element for producing a floor surface fastening, which has the features described in connection with the floor surface fastening and has such an outline shape that it can be used e.g. can be laid seamlessly.

The floor surface fastening or the floor element according to the invention can be made of single-grain or multigrain concrete or similar porous materials, such as e.g. Plastics, asphalt mixtures, etc. To ensure greater strength, the floor elements can be placed on a corresponding sub-floor. In the case of the floor elements, the porous material is preferably surrounded and held by a frame body, the frame opening of which tapers from top to bottom, as is known per se from AT-PS 391 629 in connection with other floor elements. In this variant, there is the special combinatorial effect that the additionally molded, downwardly widening channels compensate for, or even outweigh, the decrease in the free flow cross section in the downward direction, which is due to the frame opening tapering downwards.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Show it:

• Fig. 1b einen Querschnitt durch ein alternatives Bodenelement mit einem Rahmenkörper;
• Fig. 2a eine vergrößerte idealisierte Teildarstellung einer mehrschichtigen Bodenflächenbefestigung bzw. eines mehrschichtigen Bodenelementes aus porösem Material, wobei die in den einzelnen Schichten abgestuft vorhandenen freien Durchströmquerschnitte ersichtlich sind;
• Fig. 2b eine Ausführungsform der Bodenflächenbefestigung, wobei einer von zusätzlich vorhandenen, durch Formgebung ausgebildeten Durchströmkanälen ebenfalls vergrößert dargestellt ist;
• Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Filterwirksamkeit der Bodenflächenbefestigung bzw. des Bodenelementes, und die
• Fig. 4 und 5 schematische Draufsichten auf mögliche Verlegeformen von Bodenelementen.

1a shows a cross section of a floor element, which consists of porous material, to explain the layer structure;

• 1b shows a cross section through an alternative floor element with a frame body;
• 2a shows an enlarged, idealized partial representation of a multilayer floor surface fastening or a multilayer floor element made of porous material, the free flow cross sections present in the individual layers being shown in a graduated manner;
• 2b shows an embodiment of the floor surface fastening, one of the additional throughflow channels formed by shaping also being shown enlarged;
• Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the filter effectiveness of the floor surface attachment or the floor element, and the
• 4 and 5 are schematic plan views of possible forms of laying floor elements.

As can be seen from Fig. 1a, the cover layer 1, i.e. the first layer forming the inlet upper side of the floor element or filter stone has only a limited layer thickness d1 in the flow direction, the idealized free flow cross section a of layer 1 (see FIG. 2a) depending on the composition of the inlet or the layer forming the layer Multigrain concrete or another porous material, such as plastic, also has a defined size.

In Fig. 1b, a two-layer floor element with a frame body 4 is shown to improve the static strength properties of the floor element.

2a and 2b schematically show a partial section of a floor surface fastening or a floor element, with more than two layers being present. Each of the following layer 1 in the flow direction D Layer (s) 2, 3 ... differs from the first layer 1 in that the free flow cross-sections are each larger than the free flow cross-sections of the previous layer, which is achieved in that for the production of layers 2, 3. .. for example, an increasingly coarse-grained one- or multi-grain concrete is used. In any case, it must be ensured that in the flow direction D the spaces between the grains produce increasingly larger free flow cross sections b, c ... It is also essential that the thickness d1 of the first layer 1 is significantly smaller than the thickness d2 or d3 ... of each further layer 2, 3 ...

Free flow cross-sections a, b, c ... with increasing dimensions in the flow direction D, as shown in Fig. 2b, are additionally mechanically formed using suitable manufacturing processes, e.g. through conical or stepped or corrugated mandrels etc.

In any case, as shown in Fig. 2a or 2b, it must be ensured that the free flow cross section increases in the flow direction D, i.e. a <b <c etc.

As already described, the floor element can be produced with a support or frame body 4 according to FIG. 1b to increase the strength or load-bearing capacity, as is also described in AT-PS 391 629. With lower strength requirements, such as walk-in surface fastenings with a corresponding substructure, the frame body can be omitted.

The outline of the individual floor elements is the simplest rectangular or square, but other shapes, which can preferably be assembled without gaps to form a floor surface, can also be used, as are shown by way of example in FIGS. 4 and 5. The size of the floor elements is not restricted and can be selected depending on the manufacturing process or also on the transport and insertion devices.

The operation of the porous material will now be explained with reference to Fig. 1a. The surface water W penetrating in the flow direction D flows through the layer 1 due to the porosity of the concrete or another porous material used to produce it. the pore size of the layers 1, 2 being selected with regard to the desired filter effect, ie each layer of the floor element is made, for example, from a predetermined single-grain or multigrain concrete or similar materials. Depending on the free flow cross-sections a of layer 1, those solids in surface water that are larger than this flow cross-section a are retained on the surface of the base element. In the subsequent layer 2 with the greater layer thickness d2, the free flow cross-section b in the flow direction D is larger than in the previous layer 1. This ensures that solid particles which have already penetrated into layer 1 are no longer retained in layer 2 can.

The free flow cross-sections a in the first layer 1 of the floor element cannot be blocked by dirt parts, because due to the fluctuations in moisture and dryness, the dirt particles experience volume changes and are subject to pressure fluctuations due to driving on the surface of the floor element, which the dirt particles penetrate into the underlying (n) Promote shift (s). Because of the larger free flow cross sections, the particles can be transported from this layer or these layers without hindrance.

Layer 1 expediently has only a minimal layer thickness d1 in order to avoid penetrating solids already being deposited in layer 1. In theory, therefore, it is not possible to lay or overgrow the floor element.

3 also shows the idealization of the adsorption of oil contamination in the floor surface fastening or in the floor element. If, for example, oils are adsorbed into the pores of layer 1, it is ensured that only a certain layer thickness in the pore volume is achieved due to the wetting thickness. Entered "hydrocarbons" are adsorbed in fluid form on the marginal surfaces of the pores and on the surface of the body, for example single-grain or multigrain concrete, where they are biodegraded more quickly due to the larger pore volume and the increased air volume. Because of the small pore volume, evaporation also occurs on the surface of the floor surface fastening or the floor element reduced, whereby the moisture in the deeper filter layers is better retained and stored. Because of these relationships, biological activity is improved and accelerated. The increase in the free flow cross-section in the floor element in the flow direction ultimately also results in improved ventilation of the substructure, as a result of which the biological activity in the deeper layers of the floor surface fastening or the floor element is strongly promoted and favored.

The invention can be modified in various ways, in particular with regard to the shape and size of the floor elements or the floor surface fastening, which can be provided with a smooth, rough or otherwise structured surface, as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. Ground-surfacing assembly, which exhibits a filter action for fluids flowing through it and is formed from porous material, such as concrete or plastic, having at least two superposed layers (1, 2, 3 ...) in the direction of flow from the inlet upper side to the outlet underside, the inlet-side upper layer (1) of which is significantly thinner than each of the layers (2, 3 ...) underneath it, and the free flow cross-section (a), formed by the pores of the porous material, of the inlet-side layer (1) of which is smaller than the free flow cross-sections (b, c ...) of each of the layers (2, 3 ...) underneath it, the dimensions of the free flow cross-sections (a, b, c ...) increasing in the layers which follow one another in the direction of flow, characterized in that additional free flow cross-sections (a, b, c ...) are formed in all the layers (1, 2, 3 ...) by ducts formed by means of taper plugs and the like, which ducts are essentially continuously conical or are stepped from layer to layer, and in that the additional flow cross-sections (a, b, c ...) also increase in the layers (1, 2, 3 ...) which follow one another in the direction of flow (D).
2. Ground-surfacing element, which can be laid in bond form to produce a ground-surfacing assembly, contains porous material, such as concrete or plastic, and exhibits a filter action for fluids flowing through it, the porous material having at least two superposed layers (1, 2, 3 ...) in the direction of flow from the inlet upper side to the outlet underside, the inlet-side layer (1) of which is significantly thinner than each of the layers (2, 3 ...) underneath it, and the free flow cross-sections (a, b, c ...), formed by the pores of the porous material, of each layer (1, 2, 3 ...) of which increase from layer to layer in the direction of flow, characterized in that additional free flow cross-sections (a, b, c ...) are formed in all the layers (1, 2, 3 ...) by ducts formed by means of taper plugs and the like, which ducts are essentially continuously conical or are stepped from layer to layer, and in that the additional flow cross-sections (a, b, c ...) also increase in the layers (1, 2, 3 ...) which follow one another in the direction of flow (D).
3. Ground-surfacing element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the porous material is surrounded and held by a frame body (4), the frame orifice of which tapers from the top downwards.

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