SK11195A3 - Fixing of floor covering and element floor for its creating - Google Patents

Abstract

Element assembly for paving roads and the like, developing a filtering effect for flowing fluids and having at least two superimposed coatings (1, 2, 3 ...) in the direction of flow from the upper entry side to the lower exit side, in which the upper layer on the entry side is substantially thinner than each of the underlying layers (2, 3 ...) and the free through-flow sections (a) of the layer on the entry side are smaller than the free through-flow sections (b, c ...) of each of the underlying layers (2, 3 ...), whereby the dimensions of the free through-flow sections (a, b, c ...) increase in the successive layers in the direction of flow.

Description

FIXING OF FLOOR COVERINGS AND THE FLOOR CONSTRUCTION

Technical field

The invention relates to a floor covering fastening having filtering effects on the passing fluid and is preferably formed in a porous material, such as concrete or plastic, and a floor element to provide floor fastening.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Surface water entering the fixing points, walking areas or roads in the halls and the like shall be drained as quickly and quickly as possible. Typically, the surface water is led to a centrally located drainage point and from there it is fed through ducts located in the floor to a drain or sewage treatment plant.

In the case of large amounts of surface water, for example in showers, impurities or larger solids are entrained in the run-off water and can be forced into the waste manhole. These coarse fractions may be partially trapped on the channel grille, which may lead to a partial or complete closure of the drain grille and to blockage of the channel system. The inflowing surface water cannot then flow in sufficient quantity, other uncontrolled outflow paths accumulate or smooth. Unexpected and unsuitable surface water run-off creates the risk of aquaplaning, water film formation, water spraying and the like on the road.

The costs of cleaning and restoring drain systems are generally high. It must be assumed that after each collision the duct system must be inspected and cleaned as necessary.

Furthermore, the attachment of the floor covering or the floors themselves may be contaminated with hydrocarbon substances such as gasoline, oils and the like at attachment points, for example at service stations or in workshops. These substances must be removed immediately, as otherwise they continue through the mounting surfaces directly into the drain and must be separated, collected and later removed in the oil separator. In particular, contaminated surface water must be collected and cleaned. However, construction equipment as well as routine maintenance of the waste system are very expensive.

It is also known to drain the surface water entering the enclosed areas directly through the water-permeable floor elements to the substructure or to the drainage system. For this purpose, flooring elements made of porous materials are used, which consist, for example, of leached concrete or porous plastics and possibly fall outside the framework of increasing the strength for walking. These floor elements can be formed as blocks and placed in a bond. In practice, however, it has been shown that these porous floor elements have the disadvantage that, due to their homogeneous structure, impurities or solids ultimately lead to an airtight or liquid-tight closure which is irremovable so that the floor elements inevitably lose filtering effects due to porosity. in the lower structure, biological activity is lost. Although conventional oil floor contamination also enters conventional flooring elements, due to the low free pore volume, biodegradation occurs very slowly due to the low moisture content of the floor, or biological activity is achieved to a lesser extent with oxygen introduced in the rainwater.

Experience has shown that conventional water-permeable floor elements by abrasion on the street and various other surface water contamination lose their filtering effects and thus their biological activity over time. Therefore, after a specified period of time, conventional flooring elements do not provide surface water leakage.

Remediation of floor elements contaminated with dirt and oil contaminated can only be done by replacing them, while the cost is high and the optical image is also greatly impaired. Finally, these elements constitute a special waste. Also, no longer biological activity in the subsoil must be slowly regenerated only after the remediation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The task of the present invention is a create fixation floor surfaces and floor element in the introduction the type that

they are more fluidly permeable than filter bodies, do not clog or grow with the impurities introduced, and in which, as well as in the substructure, high biological activity is ensured which is maintained for a long time. The fastening of floor surfaces is characterized in that it has at least two superimposed layers in the direction of passage from the upper inlet side to the lower outlet side, of which the cover layer on the upper inlet side is substantially thinner than each of the underlying layers and a free cross section. in the cover layer, it is smaller than the free cross-section for passage in each of the underlying layers, wherein the dimension of the free cross-section for passage in layers of successive layers increases in the direction of passage.

Preferably, the free cross-sections for the passage are formed in all layers by the pores of the porous layer-forming material. In addition, the free cross-sections for the passage may be formed in all layers by channels formed by mandrels, which are preferably substantially continuously conical or stepped from layer to layer. Suitably the layers are made of concrete of different grain sizes.

The invention also relates to a floor element for forming a floor surface fastening, the features of which are given in connection with the floor surface fastening and have such a contour that it can be laid without joints.

It is achieved by the present invention that water entering the surface is discharged into the floor without obstruction. Contaminants contained in water, such as oils or petrol, are adsorbed to the floor to a specified degree and later regenerated by the biological degradation process itself. By the special structure of the free cross-sections for the passage in the direction of the passage, and thereby the conditional, increasing larger volume of air, the biological activity in the floor element is substantially improved and accelerated.

The solids contained in surface water can only penetrate the floor element up to the specified grain size when leaking, but are not retained in the floor element due to the increase in free cross-sectional area but are carried to the substructure. The aeration and ventilation of the subfloor under the floor covering remains after the floor surfaces have been fixed.

The solids retained on the surface of the fastening of the floor surface or the floor element can easily be separated. The pores on the surface as well as inside cannot deteriorate due to impurities, so that the drainage effect and biological degradation activity are retained both within the floor surface attachment and also under the floor covering. This minimizes cleaning and maintenance of the drainage duct and ducts. Yet amphibia does not enter the drain shaft.

The invention allows for the carrying and moving of floor coverings on sections of streets, streets and roads, as well as floor coverings, for example a bond, and the floor layer fastening may lie directly on a mechanically stable support layer, for example rubble, gravel or gravel a water-permeable floor covering, such as a gravel bed. The drainage of the floor elements may take place in the substructure or by means of a drainage pipe through which the soaked water or other liquid medium is fed to the central collector. However, through openings can also be provided in the individual floor elements, which are positioned so as to form channels oriented in the fastening of the floor surface perpendicular to the direction of the passage through which the soaked liquid which cannot be adsorbed flows.

The fastening of the floor surface according to the invention or the floor element are made of concrete or similar porous materials such as plastics, asphalt mixtures and the like. To ensure greater strength, the floor elements may be placed on a suitable substrate, or they may be manufactured as described in AT-PS 391 629 with a border. In this case it is also ensured that water penetrating into the surface of the floor element can be drained through free cavities in the substructure or in the duct system.

Description of the drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Here it shows:

Fig. 1a shows a cross-section of a floor element according to the invention consisting of a porous material, FIG. 1b shows a cross-section through an alternative embodiment of a floor element according to the invention, FIG. Fig. 2a is an enlarged, schematic, partial view of a fastening of a floor covering or a floor element of porous material, the free cross-sections for the passage existing due to the porosity being enlarged and shown in an ideal state; 2b shows an embodiment of a fastening of the floor covering, in which additional through ducts are also shown in enlarged form, FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the filtering effects of the fastening of the floor surface or floor elements, and FIG. 4 and 5 show a schematic plan view of the floor elements.

possible form of laying

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As shown in FIG. 1a, the cover layer 1, i.e. the first layer formed on the inlet upper side of the floor element or filter stone, has a thickness d in the first layer in the direction D of the passage, the free cross section and the passage in the first layer having a size defined or another porous material, such as plastic, forming the cover layer 1.

In FIG. 1b shows a floor element consisting of two layers with a frame body 4 to improve the static strength of the floor element.

In FIG. 2a and 2b is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a fastening of a floor covering or floor element, with more than two layers available. Each successive layer 2, 3 following the cover layer 1 in the direction D of the passage differs from the cover layer i in that their free cross-sections for the passage are larger than the free cross-sections for the passage of the previous layers 1, 2, For example, concrete with increasingly coarse grain size is used to produce layers 2, 3. In any case, it must be ensured that in the direction D of the passage there is an intermediate space between the grains of the increasing free cross section b, c for the passage. It is also important that the thickness d1 of the first layer is substantially smaller than the thickness d2 or d3 of each further layer 2, 2 ·

The free cross-sections a, b, c D of the passage may, as is mechanically formed, suitably with an increasing dimension in the direction shown in FIG. 2b, additionally by manufacturing processes, for example conical or stepped or corrugated mandrel.

In any case, as shown in FIG. 2a or 2b that the free cross-section a, b, c for the passage in the D direction of the passage increases, i.e. a <b <c, etc.

As already described, the floor element can be made to increase strength or load capacity, with a support body or frame body 4 as also described in AT-PS 391 629. For low strength requirements: as with the floor fixing of the floor covering For a suitable substructure, the frame body 4 can be omitted.

The contour of the individual elements of the floor is the simplest rectangular or square, but it may also be different, preferably shapes which can be assembled without a gap into the floor surface, as shown in FIG. 4 and 5 The size of the flooring elements is not limited and can be selected depending on the method of manufacture or the conveying and handling equipment.

The effect of the invention is illustrated by reference numerals in the embodiment of FIG. Ia. The surface water W entering in the direction D of the passage flows through the cover layer 1 because of the porosity of the concrete or other porous material used for its production, the pore size in the layers 1, 2 ^being chosen according to the desired filtering effects, i.e. each layer 1, 2 The floor element is made, for example, from specified concrete or similar materials. Depending on the free cross-section and for the passage in the first layer, solid bodies are maintained in the surface water that are larger than this free cross-section and for the passage in the first layer, on the surface of the floor element. In the second layer 2 following in the direction D of the passage, with a greater thickness d2 of the second layer 2, the free cross-section b for the passage in the second layer 2 is larger than in the previous cover layer 1. This ensures that solid particles which have already penetrated Layer 1 may not be retained in Layer 2.

The free cross-section and passage in the first layer of the floor element cannot be deposited by impurities because moisture and dry fluctuations result in a change in the volume of impurities and driving on the surface of the floor element causes pressure fluctuations. With these layers 2, 2, the impurity particles can move further without obstruction due to the larger free cross section b, c.

The cover layer 1 preferably has only a minimum thickness d1 of the first layer in the cover layer 1 in order to prevent the solid bodies penetrating. In theory, it is therefore impossible to block or overgrow the floor element.

In FIG. 3 is a simplified illustration of the adsorption of oil contaminants to the floor covering or floor element. For example, when oil is adsorbed into the pores of the topsheet 11, it is assured that only the specified pore volume will reach the specified thickness with respect to the useful thickness. The incoming hydrocarbon substances are adsorbed in fluid form only on the peripheral surfaces of the pores and on the surface of the body, e.g. Due to the low pore content, evaporation is also reduced on the surface of the fastening of the floor covering or the floor element, thus maintaining and accumulating moisture better in the underlying filter layer. Against this background, biological activity is improved and accelerated. The increase of the free cross-section b, c for flow in the floor element in the direction D of the passage causes improved ventilation of the substructure, thereby promoting biological activity in the underlying layers of fastening of the floor covering or floor element.

The invention may be varied within the general idea of the invention, in particular with respect to the shape and size of the floor elements or the fastening of the floor covering, which may be provided with a smooth, rough or otherwise structured surface. All the features of the floor element can also be used for large-area floor coverings.

Claims (10)

PATENT CLAIMS Fixing of a floor covering, which is preferably formed in a porous material, such as concrete or plastic, characterized in that it has at least two superimposed layers (1) in the direction of (D) passage from the inlet top side to the outlet bottom side, 2, 3), of which the cover layer (1) lying on the inlet side is thinner than any underlying layer (2, 3) and the free cross-sections (a) for the passage in the first layer are smaller than the free cross-sections (b, c) for passing in each of the underlying layers (2, 3), the free cross-sections (a, b, c) for passing in succession (D) in the passage of successive layers (2, 3). Floor covering fastening according to claim 1, characterized in that the free cross-sections (a, b, c) for passage in all the layers (1, 2, 3) are formed by pores of the porous material forming the layer (1, 2, 3). Floor covering fastening according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the free cross-sections (a, b, c) for the passage are formed by channels in all layers (1, 2, 3). Floor covering fastening according to claim 3, characterized in that the channels are conically continuous or stepped from the layer (1, 2, 3) to the next layer (2, 3). Fastening according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the layers (1, 2, 3) consist of concrete of different grain size, possibly of an asphalt mixture. A floor element for manufacturing a floor covering fastening, preferably comprising a porous material, such as concrete or plastic, characterized in that it has a passage (D) from the upper inlet side to the lower outlet side In \ J / Ι4Ί - at least two superimposed layers (1, 2, 3), of which the top cover layer (1) on the inlet side is thinner than any underlying layer (2, 3) and the free cross-sections (a) for passage in the first The cross-sectional layers (2, 3) are smaller than the free cross-sections (2, 3), wherein the free cross-sections (a, b, c) for passing in succession (D) pass through successive layers (2, 3). Floor element according to claim 6, free cross sections (a, b, c) for the passage characterized in that they are formed in each layer (1, 2, 3) by pores of the porous material forming the layer (1, 2, 3). Floor element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the free cross-sections (a, b, c) for the passage are free. all layers (1, 2, 3) formed by channels. Floor element according to claim 6, characterized in that the layers (1, 2, 3) are made of concrete of different grit or asphalt mixture. Floor element according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that channels are formed perpendicular to the passage direction (D) in the region of the underside of the floor element.