EP0319695B1 - Facing or like panels for buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

Starting from DE-GM 87 04 683, the invention is concerned with the problem of mechanically securing a panel construction (1), bonded to a support frame (2), for forming the facade or the like of a building, in such a manner that neither the panel construction (1) nor its outer sheet (3) can fall from the building in the event of failure of the adhesive layer (6). This is achieved by means of mechanical brackets (7, 28) which are anchored on the panel construction (1) and engage contactlessly behind a flange (12) of the support frame (2). Both in the case of factory production and in the case of assembly as well as in the normal use position, the mechanical brackets (7, 28) have no securing touch contact with the support frame (2). This contact arises only when, in the event of defectiveness of the adhesion (6), the panel construction (1) or its outer sheet (3) have become loose. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a plate construction for connection to a support structure for the formation of a facade or a roof in a building, consisting of a single or multi-pane plate, e.g. Insulating glass, and from a support frame that can be attached to the support structure and that extends along the edges of the panel facing the building and can be glued to it without protruding beyond its front outer surface, mechanical supports for connection to the support frame being provided in places on the panel structure are positively anchored.

Such an attachment is evident from DE-A-34 39 436 and DE-U-87 04 683. These prior publications deal with the problem of other previously known fastenings of plate structures, which are based solely on the fact that insulating glass is adhesively attached to frames and these frames are connected to the supporting structure of the building. (GB-A-2 167 784) With such known plate constructions there is a considerable risk that plates can detach from the facades and fall down over time, which would be due to different reactions of the plates and support constructions to changes in temperature.

This problem is solved in the subject of DE-U-87 04 683 in that mechanical supports which are positively connected to the plate construction are arranged in places and connected to the support frame.

In the case of DE-A-34 39 436, the mounting elements engage between the panes of the insulating glass and into a groove in the support structure with heads parallel to one another, which necessitates assembly and bonding at the construction site, specifically from the outside. Such methods have no prospect of building permit.

In both cases, the respective external pane is not gripped by the mechanical holding means, so that it can fall off the structure if the adhesive connection between the external pane and the adjacent pane is loosened.
The known holder means clamp the panes together with the support frame. As a result, mechanical and thermal loads cause forces to overlay, which can lead to constraints and glass breakage.

The invention is based on the object of developing a plate construction which can be produced at the factory and which also mechanically secures the outer pane from falling from the building, the mechanical securing means being so arranged that they do not lead to constraints or glass breakage in the case of thermally induced changes in the shape of the facade elements.
Starting from DE-U-87 04 683, the solution of the task according to the invention is that the brackets are firmly connected at the factory to the respective outer pane of the plate and engage behind a strap of the support frame facing the plate construction without contact with a leg or a stop.

With the object of the invention, the disadvantages of the prior art described are excluded, because the holder according to the invention has no contact with the support frame during assembly and in the normal position of use. Rather, it is essentially trusted in the perfect holding force of the adhesive connection between the plate structure and the support frame. However, should the adhesive connections be released due to special and unpredictable circumstances, not only the entire plate construction but also its outer pane is protected from falling off the building by the arrangement according to the invention. The legs of the brackets which engage behind the support frame without contact come into contact with the undercut leg of the support frame and prevent the pane from falling from the facade if the outer pane should pull away from the support frame. Such a plate construction reacting in this way has become unusable because of the elimination of the adhesive connection and must therefore be replaced. The type of mechanical mounting of such plate structures according to the invention prevents accidental damage.

This concept according to the invention presupposes that the brackets are firmly connected to the plate construction at the factory and form a physical unit with the latter.

The term "contact-free" is to be interpreted in the sense of the invention in such a way that the distance between the engaging parts of the brackets and the belt of the support frame is of an order of magnitude which excludes the transmission of mechanical forces if the adhesive connection between the plate construction and the frame is intact. As a precaution, the invention recommends dimensioning this distance on the order of about 5 mm.
Numerous embodiment variants of the invention are shown in the subclaims, which can also provide independent protection.

Fig. 1 bis 3:

Querschnitte durch Randbereiche von Plattenkonstruktionen und durch die mit ihnen befestigten Halterungen sowie berührungsfrei hintergriffene Stützrahmen in mehreren Ausführungsvarianten,

Fig. 4:

einen Querschnitt durch den Randbereich von zwei aneinandergrenzenden abgedichteten Plattenkonstruktionen in einem konstruktiven Ausführungsbeispiel,

Fig.5 bis 8:

Querschnitte und Teildraufsichten auf Alternativen zu den Figuren 1 bis 5 und

Fig. 9:

einen Querschnitt durch ein konstruktives Ausführungsbeispiel zur Variante der Fig. 7.

In the drawing, the invention is shown schematically and for example. Show it

1 to 3:

Cross-sections through edge areas of plate constructions and through the fasteners fastened with them as well as contact-free support frames in several versions,

Fig. 4:

2 shows a cross section through the edge area of two adjoining sealed plate constructions in one design embodiment,

Fig. 5 to 8:

Cross sections and partial top views of alternatives to Figures 1 to 5 and

Fig. 9:

6 shows a cross section through a structural embodiment for the variant of FIG. 7.

In the different variants of FIGS. 1 to 3, it is generally assumed that a plate structure (1) is to be connected to a support frame (2) which is part of a support structure (24) attached to the outer surface of a building or structure (cf. 4) should be. In principle, it is a matter of fastening plate constructions consisting primarily of glass in such a way as a facade or roof that no objects of the fastening projecting beyond the outer surface of the outer pane (3) should be recognizable. Consequently, the plate structure (1) must be able to be connected to the inside of the building, it being possible to initially leave open how the support frame (2) according to FIGS. 1 to 3 can be connected to the building.

In the examples of FIGS. 1 to 3 it is also assumed that the plate construction (1) consists, for example, of double-pane insulating glasses (3, 4) which are separated from one another by a spacer element (5) but form a physical unit with one another.

In the example of FIG. 1, the inner pane (4) is firmly connected to a belt of the support frame (2) via an adhesive layer (6). This adhesive connection (6) is mainly carried out in the factory, so that the plate structure (1) and the support frame (2) form a glued physical unit, which presupposes that the support frame (2) at the construction site with one located on the outer surface of the building Support structure (24) must be connected.

The adhesive connection (6) shown in Fig. (1) between the plate construction (1) and the support frame (2) is now mechanically secured by a holder (7), the leg (8) of which is firmly connected to the plate construction (1). If the plate construction (1) were manufactured and supplied as an independent unit, it would result from this that the brackets (7) would form a physical unit, that is to say an integral part of this plate construction (1).

This holder (7) encompasses the edge of the inner pane (4) and the edge of the belt (12) of the support frame (2) without having physical contact with the support frame (2). It is provided that the distance between the inner leg (10) of the holder (7) and the belt (12) of the support frame (2) is not insignificant, in any case has an order of magnitude that mechanical contact of the with normal temperature fluctuations and corresponding thermal expansions Exclude the leg (10) and the belt (12). In one example, this distance can be on the order of about 5 mm.

In the example of FIG. 1, the holder (7) is shown as an offset L-profile, the web (9) of which is also at a distance from the edges of the inner disc (4) and the belt (12).

It is important that the holder (7) does not protrude beyond the outer surface of the outer disk (3).

In the example of FIG. 1, it is also assumed that the disks (3, 4) of the plate construction (1) have approximately the same area, the edge of the outer disk (3) having a bevel (14) which extends from the outside inwards , based on the disc position, increases. This bevel (14) is encompassed by a correspondingly designed leg (8) of the holder (7). The leg (8) is firmly connected to the edge of the pane or the bevel (14) by an adhesive layer.

In the example of FIG. 2, the edge of the outer pane (3) is chamfered in steps (15), the gradation (15) expanding from the outside to the inside of the pane (3). The outer leg (8) of the holder (7) engages in this gradation (15). It should be noted that even in the case of Fig. 2, the brackets (7) do not protrude beyond the outer surface of the outer disc (3).

A preferred embodiment of the invention results from Fig. 3, in which the outer disc (3) has at its edge a parallel to the disc surface milled groove (16) into which the leg (8) of the bracket (7) engages and with the Adhesive layer (11) is fixed. It is advisable to design this outer pane (3) of the plate construction (1) as a thermally toughened glass pane, which enables the groove (16) to be machined before the pane is thermally hardened. Such a thermally toughened glass pane has the advantage of being able to be mechanically stressed and deformed to a much greater extent than other panes without causing damage. It mainly absorbs large wind pressure forces as well as suction forces without breaking. The Mechanical effort to mill or grind in the groove (16) before the pane (3) is thermally cured is negligible in terms of cost in view of the great advantages which such a thermally toughened glass pane has.

In the example of FIG. 4, a constructive embodiment variant of the invention is shown, which is based on the principle of FIG. 3. Then grooves (16) are milled into the outer disks (3) of the plate construction (1), into which the legs (8) engage and are firmly anchored there.

The inner pane (4) is set back in its edge area in relation to the outer pane (3), but it is essential that both panes (3, 4) are connected to the frame (2) via adhesive layers (6), as shown in FIG 3 emerges.

The support frame (2) according to FIG. 4 has the shape of an extruded hollow profile which has an undercut groove (26) into which a holding element (25) engages, which can be connected to the symbolically illustrated support structure (24), which in turn is attached to a building wall, not shown.

In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 4, the support frame (2) has two undercut grooves (19) into which a flexible sealing strip, each with barb-shaped projections (18), engages. Each sealing strip (17) is provided with outwardly projecting webs (21), which with the webs (21) of the opposite one Sealing strip (17) come into contact and form a labyrinth-like seal. At the same time, this design of the sealing strips (17) prevents the penetration of moisture into the space behind the plate structures (1).

The sealing strips (17) are preferably guided around the entire edge of the plate construction (1). They also enclose the brackets (7) arranged in places, as shown in section in the left part of FIG. 4. In the area of these holders (7), the sealing strips (17) are provided with openings (20) so that the lower leg (10) and the part of the web (9) of the individual holder (7) adjacent to it can reach through. The outer surfaces of the webs (9) are covered on the outside by the sealing lips (22) of the sealing strips (17). These sealing lips (22) of adjacent sealing strips (17) together with the adjoining webs (21) form a shadow gap (23), which makes it unnecessary to fill in a plastic mass, as is customary in the prior art.

5, a plate construction (1) with a single-pane plate (3) is shown. The edge of this plate (3) (or external disc) is connected via the adhesive connection (6) to a support frame (2), which can for example consist of light metal profiles. The support frame (2) is in turn attached to a symbolically represented support structure (24) which is firmly connected to a building.

Because the adhesive connection (6) appears risky as the sole holding means, the plate (3) is anchored to the support frame (2) in addition to the adhesive connection (6) with the aid of bolt-like mechanical holding elements (28).

In the left part of FIG. 5, an embodiment variant is shown, in which an undercut blind hole (32) is provided in the plate (3), specifically on the rear side (27) of the outer pane (3), into which a correspondingly designed head part (33) of the mechanical mounting element (28) engages. This head part (33) is surrounded by an adhesive (40), which prevents the material of the head part (33) from coming into direct contact with the material of the plate (3) or the outer pane.

This mechanical mounting element (28) passes through a through hole (38) of a belt (12) of the support frame (2) and is provided with a stop (39) behind this belt (12).

In the left-hand example of FIG. 5, the stop (39) is at a distance from the belt (12) of the support frame (2). This means that the stop (39) of the mounting element (28) can only come into contact with the belt (12) of the support frame (2) when the adhesive connection (6) between the plate (3) and the support frame (2) has solved. In this case, the stop (39) of the mounting element (28) only functions as a precautionary safeguard.

In the right embodiment of FIG. 5, the bracket element (28) is screwed to the belt (12) of the support frame (2) via the stop (39) designed as a nut. In this case, constraints between the plate (3) and the support frame (2) are not excluded because both parts are connected to one another both via the adhesive connection (6) and via the mounting elements (28). However, the invention does not want to exclude this embodiment variant.

The manner in which the individual mounting element (28) is designed and can be connected to the plate (3) can be varied in different ways. In the left example of FIG. 5 it is assumed that an undercut conical blind bore (32) is made in the rear (27) of the plate (3), which is problem-free according to the current state of the art. The insertion of the mounting element (28) into this undercut blind bore (32), however, requires special measures to enable the insertion on the one hand and on the other hand to require the positive engagement in the inserted state. The introduction of such undercut blind bores (32) is previously known. For example, you can make a cylindrical hole and then undercut this hole with additional oblique drilling or with laterally projecting drill tips.

It is also known to design mounting elements (28) so that they engage in such undercut blind bores (32) and can be held in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, reference is made to the previously known expansion anchors, expansion anchors and the like.

In any case, the invention assumes that it is possible to positively insert stud bolts into the back (27) of an outside washer (3), which can take over the function of the mounting elements (28).

The right side of FIG. 5 shows the milling of undercut grooves (34) starting from the edge of the plate (3), as shown in FIG. 8. With such millings (34), the undercut cross section can be designed as desired. The example of FIG. 5 shows a hammer-shaped cross-sectional design.

In the example in FIG. 6, a plate construction (1) is shown which starts from the connection of an insulating glass (29) to a support frame (2), the outer pane (3) and the inner pane (4) of the insulating glass (29) are graded to each other. This means that the inner disc (4) has a smaller circumference than the outer disc (3). Both disks (3, 4) are spaced apart from one another in the usual way via a spacer frame (41) and surrounded by a circumferential seal (42). These discs (3, 4) thus form a physical unit.

As a result, the support frame (2) is of stepped construction so that both the belt (12) and a recessed belt (43) of the support frame (2) can form an adhesive connection (6) with the individual disks (3, 4). In this exemplary embodiment, each pane (3, 4) is thus held on the support frame (2) by an adhesive connection (6).

In this exemplary embodiment, the external disc (3) is additionally mechanically secured by the aforementioned support elements (28). In the example of FIG. 6, a contact-free securing of the mounting element (28) is shown, after which the stop (39) is at a distance from the belt (12) of the support frame (2).

However, it is obvious that this type of mechanical connection can also be brought about in other ways without the invention being adversely affected thereby.

The shaft (37) of the mounting element (28) passes through the through hole (38) with play. In addition, the shaft (37) is embedded in the adhesive connection (6), so that relative movements between the mounting element (28) and the insulating glass (29) or the support frame (2) are not are to be assumed.

The step fold with which the inner pane (4) of the insulating glass (29) is set back relative to the outer pane (3) is designated by (31). The belt (12) of the support frame (2) engages in this recessed area.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show different variants of the arrangement of the mounting elements (28) according to the invention. In both cases, these mounting elements (28) are arranged in the corner area (30) of the individual plate construction (1), it being evident that the edge of the outer pane (3) overlaps the edge of the inner pane (4). The undercut blind bore (32) in the case of FIG. 7 or the undercut milling (34) in the case of FIG. 8 thus lie away from the edge of the inner pane (4) and thus do not hinder the adhesive-technical and mechanical connection of the plate construction (1). opposite the support frame (2).

(17) symbolically represents a seal between the adjacent plate constructions (1). This seal is preferably brought about by prefabricated sealing strips which can be connected to the support frame (2), as can be seen from FIG. 4.

9, which shows a structural embodiment of a support frame (2) with a stepped insulating glass (29), both of which are connected and glued together at the factory, shows the type of fastening of the individual support frames (2) to the support structure (24). shown in section. According to this, the support structure (24) and the support frame (2) have legs (44, 45) directed parallel to one another and perpendicular to the pane surface, in which undercut grooves (46) for receiving Fasteners are provided. These fasteners are sliding blocks that can be braced against one another by means of screws, for example.

In addition, Fig. 9 shows dotted the position of sealing elements (17), which are also held in undercut grooves of the support structure (24) and the support frame (2).

PARTS LIST

(1)

Panel construction

(2)

Support frame

(3)

external plate (disc)

(4)

internal plate (disc)

(5)

Spacer

(6)

Adhesive layer

(7)

bracket

(8th)

leg

(9)

web

(10)

leg

(11)

Adhesive layer

(12)

belt

(13)

U-rail

(14)

bevel

(15)

gradation

(16)

Groove

(17)

flexible sealing strip

(18)

barbed approach

(19)

undercut groove

(20)

Breakthrough

(21)

web

(22)

Sealing lip

(23)

Shadow gap

(24)

Girder construction

(25)

Holding element

(26)

undercut groove

(27)

rear platemark

(28)

bolt-like mounting element

(29)

tiered insulating glass

(30)

Corner area

(31)

Edge (step fold)

(32)

Blind hole

(33)

Headboard

(34)

undercut groove (milled)

(35)

Headboard

(36)

Bonding

(37)

shaft

(38)

Belt hole

(39)

attack

(40)

Bonding

(41)

Spacer frame

(42)

all-round sealing

(43)

set back belt

(44)

leg

(45)

leg

(46)

undercut groove

Claims (18)

1. Plate construction (1) for connecting to a bearer construction (24) for forming a cladding or a roof in a building, comprising a one- or multi-pane plate (3, 4), for example insulating glass, and a support frame (2) which may be secured to the bearer construction (24) and which, on the rear side of the plate (4) facing the building, extends along the edges of the plate and may be adhered thereto, without projecting beyond the front outer surface thereof, mechanical mountings (7) for connecting to the support frame (2) being anchored positively in places on the plate construction (1), characterized in that the mountings (7) are connected fixedly on the building side to the respectively outer pane (3) of the plate (4) and by means of a leg (10) or a stop (39) reach behind a flange (12) of the support frame (2) facing the plate construction (1) without contact.
2. Plate construction according to Claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the parts (10) of the mountings (7) and of the flange (12) of the support frame (2) reaching one behind the other is in the order of magnitude of approximately 5 mm.
3. Plate construction according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual mounting (7) comprises an approximately U-shaped profile, for example of chrome steel, one leg (8) of which is securely connected to the edge of the plate construction (1), the web (9) of which extends transversely beyond the edge of the plate construction (1) and the other leg (10) of which reaches behind the flange (12) of the support frame (2) without contact.
4. Plate construction according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the outer pane (3) of an insulating-glass plate construction (1) has grooves (16) which are milled into the edge region parallel to the pane surface and in which the leg (8) of the mounting (7) engages and is securely held chiefly by means of adhesive (11).
5. Plate construction according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the outer pane (3) of an insulating-glass plate construction (1) has an edge which is bevelled (14) or stepped (15) at least in places, the bevel or step of which runs upwards from the outer surface of the pane (3) towards the inner surface, and in that the leg (8) of the mounting (7) is adhered (11) to this bevelled section (14) or step (15).
6. Plate construction according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the mounting (7) and the edge of the individual plate construction (1) are covered by a flexible sealing strip (17) which is anchored by means of attachment pieces (18) of barb-type construction in undercut grooves (19) of the support frame (2).
7. Plate construction according to Claim 6, characterized in that the sealing strip (17) is breached (20), at the places in which the mountings (7) are located, for the penetration of the leg (10) reaching behind the flange (12) of the support frame (2).
8. Plate construction according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the sealing strip (17) is peripherally arranged along the edge of the plate construction (1).
9. Plate construction according to Claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the sealing strip (17) has webs (21) which project outwards parallel to the plate surface and which cooperate with similarly constructed webs (21) of sealing strips (17) of adjacent plate constructions (1) to form labyrinth-like seals.
10. Plate construction according to Claim 6 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the sealing strips (17) have sealing lips (22) which bear against the edge of the outer panes (3) of the plate construction (1) and which, together with the webs (21) of the sealing strips (17) closest to the outer surface of the plate construction (1), form a kind of sealed shadow join (23) between adjacent plate constructions (1), which shadow join (23) does not need to be filled with a special sealing means.
11. Plate construction according to Claim 1 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that there are anchored restrictedly to the rear side (27) of the outer pane (3) of the plate construction (1) a plurality of pin-like mounting elements (28) projecting in the direction of the support frame (2) and reaching behind a flange (12) of the support frame (2) facing the plate construction (1).
12. Plate construction according to Claim 11, characterized in that in the case of a plate construction (1) comprising a stepped insulating glass (29) the pin-like mounting elements (28) are arranged in the corner region (30) of the outer pane (3) such that they are guided past the edges (31) of the inner panes (4).
13. Plate construction according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the rear side (27) of the outer pane (3) is provided with undercut blind bores (32) in which fitting head parts (33) of the mounting elements (28) engage positively, for example in the manner of straddling bolts, straddling dowels or the like.
14. Plate construction according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the rear side (27) of the outer pane (3) is provided with undercut grooves (34) which are open towards the rear side, which go out from the pane edge, and in which fitting head parts (35) of the mounting elements (28) engage and for example are fixed in place by means of adhesive (36).
15. Plate construction according to Claim 11 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the head part (33, 35) of the mounting elements (28) is surrounded by a layer, for example adhesive, excluding direct contact with the pane (3).
16. Plate construction according to Claim 11 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the individual pin-like mounting element (28) reaches behind the flange (12) of the support frame (2) without contact.
17. Plate construction according to Claim 16, characterized in that the shaft (37) of the pin-like mounting element (28) penetrates through a flange bore (38) of the support frame (2) without contact and is provided behind this flange (12) with a stop (39), for example nut, cotter pin, attachment piece, or the like, which is located at a distance from the flange (12) and which provides a means of preventing the plate (3) from falling off in the case of unintentional detachment of the plate (3) from the support frame (2).
18. Plate construction according to Claim 11 or one of the subsequent claims, characterized in that the mounting element (28) is embedded with the support frame (2) in the adhesive (6) of the outer pane (3).

Images