EP0110037A1 - Combat vehicle, particularly a combat tank - Google Patents

Abstract

A combat vehicle, in particular a battle tank, with a rotating tower (6) arranged on a vehicle trough (5 - FIG. 1) and a hatch (2) arranged on the top of the vehicle trough and closable with a lid for getting in and out. In order to achieve the smallest possible hatch, which enables an exit in all positions of the tower, the hatch is made movable by the part of the wall in the area of the hatch (2) covering the top of the vehicle pan as rounder around a wall perpendicular to this wall standing axis of rotation (D) rotatable plate (1) is formed and the hatch (2) and optionally at least some of the viewing devices (3) in the plate (1) are arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation (D).

Description

The invention relates to a combat vehicle, in particular a battle tank, with a rotatable turret arranged on a vehicle trough and a hatch arranged on the top of the vehicle trough and closable with a lid for getting in and out.

In known combat vehicles with a tower, the hatch for getting in and out of the driver was arranged in such a way that both the hatch and the viewing devices for the driver were outside the rotating range of the tower.

Due to the strengthening of the armor protection in the chassis and in the tower, it became necessary to move the hatch to such an extent that it at least partially got into the overlap area of the tower. As a result, when the hatch was opened, the cover had to be moved out of the overlapping area of the tower in a suitable form.

Another problem was the arrangement of the viewing devices, which are generally angle mirrors. In the first known, known combat vehicles, the viewing devices could be arranged in front of the hatch. Since in later designs the driver's seat was located very far back, the viewing devices had to be arranged behind the hatch in order to achieve sufficient visibility. However, the arrangement of the viewing devices behind the hatch opening leads to obstacles when getting in and out. To these disabilities when entering and To switch off getting out, it would be necessary to remove the viewing devices from the driver's movement space.

These problems led to the fact that, in the case of known combat vehicles, the viewing devices were partially integrated into the hatch covers and these hatch covers were designed to be liftable and pivotable, or to be lifted and displaceable. These solutions have the disadvantage that they require large hatches and thus large hatch covers and thus also large masses to be moved. This led to complicated opening and closing mechanisms for the hatch cover. Another disadvantage was the large seal lengths of these hatch covers.

The arrangement of the viewing devices was the most difficult with the known solutions, which led to unsatisfactory visibility due to the possible hatch shape, the free space between the chassis and the tower and the only partially possible accommodation in the hatch. The spatial conditions only allow the viewing devices to be moved or swiveled in the existing plane. Removing the viewing devices from the driver's movement space could only be carried out internally, but cannot be realized due to the spatial conditions.

The object on which the invention was based was to design the arrangement and design of the hatch for the driver to get in and out of a combat vehicle of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that getting in and out is possible at any position of the tower, and so are the viewing devices can be arranged that on the one hand they do not hinder getting on and off and on the other hand they allow satisfactory visibility in operation. The hatch should be kept as small as possible.

This object is achieved according to the invention with the features from the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

The arrangement of the hatch within a rotatable plate, which is mounted in the top of the vehicle pan, gives the driver the opportunity to move the hatch into his working area and into a convenient exit position by rotating the plate. If at least some of the viewing devices are also arranged on the rotatable plate, it is possible to simultaneously remove the viewing devices from the movement space of the driver with the rotation of the plate.

No lifting swivel mechanism is required to move the relatively heavy plate, since the plate can be moved in one plane. This considerably simplifies the handling of the device.

The hatch size is designed for the ergonomically necessary dimensions. This reduces the length of the seal and increases the tightness and, combined with the smaller shape, results in a smaller mass to be moved. The hatch cover can now be opened or closed using all known and less complex mechanisms.

In order to exploit a further advantage of the rotatable plate, the hatch cover can be designed according to claim 5. In this embodiment, the hatch cover can be raised in the opening direction to such an extent that the driver can use the hatch cover as splinter protection and can still drive with a direct view.

• a) es können bekannte Lukenkonstruktionen verschiedenster Ausbildungsart verwendet werden;
• b) es können bekannte Sichtgeräte verschiedenster Bauart verwendet werden;
• c) es ist möglich, weitere spezielle Bauteile, die im Arbeitsbereich positioniert werden müssen, am drehbaren Teller anzuordnen;
• d) es können kleinstmögliche Luken und damit sehr kleine zu bewegende Massen verwendet werden;
• e) die Dichtheit der Luken kann erhöht werden;
• f) die Handhabung der Öffnungs- und Schließmechanismen kann stark vereinfacht werden;
• g) die Sichtmöglichkeiten können verbessert werden;
• h) es wird eine Notausstiegsmöglichkeit geschaffen, beispielsweise für den Fall, daß der Turm selbst nicht mehr bewegbar ist, wobei auch eine Fremdrettungsmöglichkeit von außen vorgesehen werden kann.

In summary, the following advantages can be achieved with the design of the hatch according to the invention:

• a) known hatch constructions of various types of training can be used;
• b) known display devices of various designs can be used;
• c) it is possible to arrange other special components that must be positioned in the work area on the rotating plate;
• d) the smallest possible hatches and thus very small masses to be moved can be used;
• e) the tightness of the hatches can be increased;
• f) the handling of the opening and closing mechanisms can be greatly simplified;
• g) the visibility can be improved;
• h) an emergency exit option is created, for example in the event that the tower itself is no longer movable, and an external rescue option can also be provided from the outside.

An exemplary embodiment of a combat vehicle according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, only the part in the vicinity of the hatch for getting in and out of the driver is shown with the details of a battle tank that are essential for the invention.

• Fig. 1 eine Aufsicht auf die Fahrzeugwanne eines Kampfpanzers im Bereich der Luke in einer ersten Stellung des drehbaren Tellers;
• Fig. 2 eine Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 eine Aufsicht analog Fig. 1 in einer zweiten Stellung des drehbaren Tellers;
• Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3.
• Fig. 5 einen Antrieb des drehbaren Tellers.

The drawings show in detail:

• Figure 1 is a plan view of the vehicle trough of a battle tank in the area of the hatch in a first position of the rotating plate.
• Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in Fig. 1;
• Fig. 3 is a plan view analogous to Figure 1 in a second position of the rotatable plate.
• 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3rd
• Fig. 5 shows a drive of the rotatable plate.

As can be seen from the FIG., A round plate 1, which can be rotated about an axis of rotation D, is inserted into the roof plate of the vehicle trough 5 in the battle tank shown. The connection between the rotatable plate 1 and the roof plate takes place via a rotating ring 4 sealed according to known methods. The rotating plate 1 can be rotated, for example, as shown in FIG. 5, by hand or motor drive. The rotatable plate 1 is provided with a ring gear in which a pinion 11 engages. The pinion 11 is driven via a gear 12, for example a planetary gear, by an electric motor 13 which is connected to the gear via a clutch 14. In the event that the electric motor fails, a hand crank 15 is provided so that the rotatable plate can also be rotated by hand into the desired position.

In the rotatable plate 1, a hatch 2 is arranged so that it is eccentric to the axis of rotation D. 1 and 3, the hatch, which is designed from an ergonomic point of view, has essentially a triangular shape with rounded corners. It is arranged on the rotatable plate 1 so that a corner 2a of the triangle is close to the outer edge of the plate 1, while another corner 2b is closer to the axis of rotation D. The hatch cover 16 is arranged in such a way that it can be raised and pivoted outwards in the raised state about a pivot axis S arranged near the edge of the cover at the corner 2a of the triangle. The hatch cover moves in two stages. In the first stage, it is raised using a convenient spring-assisted lifting swivel mechanism. This first step can be unlocked from the inside and outside. After unlocking, the cover is lifted by the spring force to such an extent that it can be pivoted laterally by the lifting swivel mechanism. In a second stage, which is also appropriately locked, the cover is lifted for driving under splinter protection. In the rotatable plate 1, viewing devices 3, for example angle mirrors, are also arranged, specifically at a point on the plate which is opposite the hatch 2 with respect to the axis of rotation D. The turret 6 of the main battle tank with the weapon 10, and the longitudinal center line 9 of the vehicle hull are indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIGS. 1 and 3.

In Fig. L the rotatable plate 1 is shown in a position as it corresponds to the driving operation of the main battle tank with the hatch closed. Here, the driver sits relatively far back in a position 7, which is in the area of coverage of the tower 6, and the viewing possibilities are determined by the viewing devices 3. This situation can also be seen in FIG. 2. If the driver wants to get out or continue the journey with the hatch cover open with a direct view, he rotates the rotatable plate 1 into a position as shown in FIG. 3. As a result of this rotation by approximately 110 °, the viewing devices 3 are moved out of the driver's working area into position 7 and the hatch 2 moves toward the driver's working area. The viewing devices are moved out of the tower cover in the position shown in FIG. 3 and the hatch opening 2 is not yet in the tower cover, so that the driver raises the hatch cover 16 in a somewhat advanced working position 7 ′ and, as in FIG. 4 shown, the main battle tank can continue with limited direct view. In this position of the hatch cover, it is still protected against splintering or against rain and snow.

If the driver wants to get out, the hatch cover 16, after lifting about the pivot axis S, is brought into the position shown in dash-dotted lines in FIG. 3, and the driver can get out of the advanced position 7 ′ through the hatch opening 2.

From the illustrated embodiment it can also be seen that the hatch can be used as an emergency exit at any time, regardless of the tower position. Even in a turret position with the weapon 10 lowered (shown in FIG. 2 by item number 8), it is always possible to turn the plate 1 to bring the hatch 2 into a position in which an exit is possible. Appropriate measures can also be used to make external rescue possible by rotating the plate 1 from the outside and opening the hatch cover 16.

Claims (8)

1. combat vehicle, in particular battle tank with a rotating tower arranged on a vehicle trough and a arranged on the top of the vehicle trough, with a lid closable hatch for getting in and out, characterized in that the part located in the area of the hatch (2) Vehicle trough (5) on its wall covering the top is designed as a round plate (1) which can be rotated about an axis of rotation (D) perpendicular to this wall and the hatch (2) in the plate (1) is arranged eccentrically to the axis of rotation (D). 2. Combat vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotatable plate (1) is mounted in a rotating ring provided with a sealing device (4). 3. Combat vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least a part of the driver's seat (7) assigned viewing devices (3) on the rotatable plate (1) is arranged. 4. Combat vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that hatch (2) and viewing devices (3) are arranged substantially on opposite sides of the rotatable plate (1) with respect to the axis of rotation (D). 5. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the hatch cover (16) can be raised to a partially open position and then pivotally or displaceably arranged in a fully open position. 6. Combat vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the pivot axis (S) is arranged in the vicinity of the edge of the rotatable plate (1) in a pivotable hatch cover (16). 7. Combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the hatch (2) has a substantially triangular shape with rounded corners and is arranged on the rotatable plate that a corner (2a) of the triangle near the Edge of the plate (1) is arranged, while another corner (2b) of the triangle is arranged in the vicinity of the axis of rotation (D). 8. combat vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the hatch (2) and the plate (1) are arranged so that the hatch (2) upon rotation of the plate (1) a working position (7 ') of Driver reached before entering the overlap area of the tower (6).

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