EP0051101B1 - Plaque en ciment et procédé et dispositif pour sa fabrication - Google Patents
Plaque en ciment et procédé et dispositif pour sa fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0051101B1 EP0051101B1 EP80730083A EP80730083A EP0051101B1 EP 0051101 B1 EP0051101 B1 EP 0051101B1 EP 80730083 A EP80730083 A EP 80730083A EP 80730083 A EP80730083 A EP 80730083A EP 0051101 B1 EP0051101 B1 EP 0051101B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grid
- baseplate
- grids
- mortar
- structural element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/0006—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects the reinforcement consisting of aligned, non-metal reinforcing elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
- E04C2/06—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres reinforced
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plate-shaped component on a cement basis with grids embedded near the plate surfaces in the form of intersecting glass fiber bundles made of continuous fibers arranged in the longitudinal direction and possibly coated with plastic.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing this component and a device for carrying out the method.
- Typical of the first category are the asbestos cement boards, in which asbestos fibers are embedded in the cement mortar. Even if the fibers contribute to an increase in bending strength. Asbestos-cement boards have a serious disadvantage in that their breaking strength and impact resistance are not sufficient, which makes these boards very sensitive to dynamic loads. Asbestos fibers are also known to be harmful to health, and inhalation of these fibers can lead to serious lung diseases. The production of asbestos cement slabs is therefore extremely problematic.
- the second category includes the plate according to CH-PS 590 379 (in particular column 3, lines 40-50), in which a cement matrix is reinforced by reinforcing inserts in the form of mats made of short mineral fibers together with parallel bundles of continuous glass fibers.
- a surface-covering reinforcement mat is provided near the two surfaces of the cement board, which is impregnated with cement glue or mortar.
- the second category also includes the building plate made of gas concrete known from DE-OS 28 54 228, which is superficially reinforced with at least one glass fiber mat or a grid in the form of intersecting glass fiber bundles made of continuous fibers arranged in the longitudinal direction, the bundle optionally with plastic are encased.
- the glass fiber mats or grids are in this plate in a separate mortar layer, for. B. embedded cement mortar, which in turn is applied to the surfaces of the gas concrete part of the plate.
- a plate-shaped component is now to be created, which is reinforced with reinforcement inserts made of glass fiber grids located near both plate surfaces and in which the reinforcement inserts are used and designed such that the plate has a desired high bending tensile strength with a low fiber content, a comparison to asbestos cement slabs has significantly better impact resistance and can also be easily manufactured and processed as desired, for example nailed.
- the invention achieves this goal in that the component has a matrix formed from a highly flowable grouting mortar, which completely encases the grids and, in cooperation with the grids, results in a plate-shaped body, the flexural strength of which is at least 18 MN / m 2 at 1 cm plate thickness.
- the basic idea of the invention is therefore to provide a self-contained cement matrix made of a highly flowable grout and to embed the grids directly in this cement matrix.
- the grout must be free-flowing on the one hand, on the other hand it must not separate during the flow.
- This can be achieved by choosing an appropriate grain size distribution of the aggregate, by adding liquefiers (e.g. a sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde resin) and by adjusting the water-solids value, whereby both normal sand (e.g. quartz sand) as well as light aggregates (e.g. expanded vermiculite) or a mixture of both can be used and if necessary cement paste can also be used.
- liquefiers e.g. a sulfonated melamine-formaldehyde resin
- water-solids value whereby both normal sand (e.g. quartz sand) as well as light aggregates (e.g. expanded vermiculite) or a mixture of
- Such grout is known per se, they are usually used for the subsequent filling of openings in concrete parts or for under-pouring of supports. In the invention, however, a highly flowable grout is used to manufacture the entire component. In cooperation with the grids, this results in the desired advantages and also enables the manufacturing process described below, through which an economical production of fiber-reinforced panels with infinite fibers is only possible.
- the invention makes use of the knowledge that in the known plates of the second category the reinforcing insert is not or not optimally embedded in the actual plate matrix, so that the finished plate - consisting of the cement mortar and the reinforcement inlays embedded near the surfaces - cannot be regarded as a coherent system if it bends due to a load.
- the insert located in the tensile zone is only able to absorb the existing tensile forces to a limited extent and ensure the stability of the plate under bending tensile stress.
- the invention ensures a safe and complete embedding of the reinforcement insert in the cement matrix.
- the individual glass fiber bundles are completely covered by the cement mortar, so that a good bond is ensured.
- the cement board with the reinforcing inserts is therefore to be regarded as a single unit. It therefore acts as an isotropic plate with constant plate rigidity in the entire plate area, which means excellent load-bearing capacity.
- the cement board according to the invention bends under stress as a uniform system.
- the embedded reinforcement inserts are not to be regarded as independent elements, rather they are in a secure bond with the cement mortar. Therefore, the desired effect of the reinforcement inserts - namely the absorption of tensile forces - is retained in any case.
- the deformations occurring in the state of use are also small in the plate according to the invention according to the elasticity theory, assuming homogeneous and isotropic cross sections.
- Another important aspect of the invention is the fact that short fibers are not used. If the known cement plates based on short fibers break, it can be observed that the fibers are “pulled out” of the cement mortar. So there is no tearing of the short fibers, i. H. their strength remains largely unused. In contrast, in the invention, continuous fibers are used, each of which forms a bundle of glass fibers. With a plate constructed in this way, the fibers cannot be pulled out of the matrix, and the plate does not break until the tensile strength of the fibers is overcome and the fibers tear. This means that the tensile strength of the fibers is fully exploited here.
- the lattice structure with the intersecting endless glass fiber bundles has the advantage that the tensile strength is increased in all directions of the plate plane, which is not the case, for example, with the asbestos-cement plates mentioned at the beginning.
- Another advantage of using infinite fibers is the fact that this gives the panel optimum elasticity and increases its impact resistance considerably.
- the glass fiber bundles used in the invention from continuous fibers arranged in the longitudinal direction or the grids formed therefrom can be produced in a simple manner and are thus available as a mass product. They meet the requirement that their modulus of elasticity be greater than the modulus of elasticity of the cement matrix, and they allow this fact to be used optimally.
- the glass fiber bundles can be made of normal glass, but then, as is known per se, must be protected against corrosion due to the high pH value of the cement stone by coating the bundles with synthetic resin, in particular polyester resin .
- the glass fiber bundles can also consist of a special glass that is resistant to cement.
- sheathing of the bundles can be omitted, which has the further advantage that the glass fiber bundles can also be biased in the direction of one or both axes of the grid.
- This is not possible with coated bundles, because the glass can hardly be preloaded into the cement matrix due to the coating.
- the prestressing of the glass can be transferred almost completely to the cement matrix, which results in a considerable additional increase in strength (analogous to prestressed concrete).
- the component according to the invention also has the advantageous property that it can be nailed. This means that it can be assembled and the cut panels can be easily attached to ceilings, walls, etc. with nails.
- the component according to the invention can be a simple plate, but also spatial elements can advantageously be constructed ⁇
- the plate-shaped body forms the first base plate of a rib element and is provided with a plurality of vertical ribs, whereby Another grid is embedded in the ribs near its two side surfaces and near its edge facing away from the base plate, the ends of which extend in the base plate close to and approximately parallel to one of the grid plates of the base plate.
- the rib element can also be constructed so that the ribs are connected at their edges facing away from the first base plate to a second base plate, which runs parallel to the first base plate and in which the ends of the grid of the ribs are arranged in the same way as in the first base plate.
- This construction of a double-walled plate is characterized by a particularly high stability.
- the invention also provides a method for its production, which is based on the method steps of first laying a first (prestressed or non-prestressed) grid on a horizontal base, then pouring highly flowable grouting mortar onto this grid , and then the pad is shaken.
- the first of the two grids is embedded in the matrix and at the same time is placed correctly spatially (i.e. close to the surface) and at the same time receives a sufficient cement matrix coverage. Due to the shaking movements, the grid lying on the surface before the mortar is poured in is slightly raised, in order to assume the desired position close to the surface, but already in the matrix, ie in the plate. It is also achieved by the shaking movements that any trapped air can escape, so that the finished plate has a smooth and closed surface.
- the second grid is inserted into the mortar from above.
- This grid can be pressed in a little by hand or using an appropriate tool (e.g. a rubber-coated roller). However, it is also possible to cause the penetration of this grid by the shaking movements that lift the first grid.
- the two grids When the mortar has solidified, the two grids have their desired position near the two surfaces of the plate, with sufficient coverage.
- the invention therefore not only enables particularly good values for the bending tensile strength and impact resistance of the component, but also the problem-free and rapid production of the component is also characterized by great simplicity.
- the length of time during which the underlay is exposed to the shaking movements depends, of course, within certain limits on the thickness of the slab to be produced and the consistency of the mortar. It has been shown that with thin plates, the thickness of which is between 0.5 and 1 cm, a short period of time of only about 30 seconds is completely sufficient. The actual manufacturing process of a plate therefore requires surprisingly little time.
- the rib elements already mentioned can be produced easily and simply, for. B. by prefabricated rib body, from the edge of the base plate facing the ends of the rib-side mesh protrude, are used in the not yet solidified grout of the base plate to about the height of the second mesh and the ends of the rib-side mesh close and approximately parallel to the second mesh in the grout of the base plate are embedded.
- the invention is characterized in that a vibrating shape is provided which comprises a table surface and a frame connected to it and has a vibration drive.
- a vibrating shape which comprises a table surface and a frame connected to it and has a vibration drive.
- the table top and the inner surfaces of the frame are covered with a hydrophobic layer, e.g. B. in the form of a PVC plate or coating.
- the frame it is advantageous to design the frame as a plug-in frame for the purpose of producing different dimensions of the component, the side walls of which can be detachably inserted into openings provided on the table surface.
- the plate-shaped component 1 which is shown in FIG. 1 in a partial side view and is also referred to below as “plate,” has a matrix 2 made of highly flowable casting mortar, into which a grid 4 ′ and 4 ′′ is inserted near the two surfaces of the plate 1
- the structure of a grid 4 can be seen in Fig. It consists of intersecting glass fibers 6, each glass fiber bundle being made up of ordered continuous glass fibers 8.
- the glass fiber bundles 6 - 3 - is surrounded by synthetic resin 7, for example polyester resin, because of the mesh-like structure of the mesh 4, this can absorb tensile forces in all directions of the mesh plane.
- Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of a horizontal vibrating mold 16 for the manufacture of the plate 1.
- the vibrating movement which takes place in the vertical direction, is indicated by the two arrows A and B.
- a laterally directed movement can also be superimposed on this movement.
- Conventional vibration devices can be used for the drive.
- the vibrating mold 16 comprises a flat table surface 10, on which a hydrophobic base in the form of a PVC plate 14 is applied, and a closed frame 12, by means of which the outer contour of the plate 1 to be produced is determined.
- the frame 12 is as one Bread frame formed, the four frame sides are provided at the bottom with pins which are inserted into openings, not shown, in the table surface 10.
- the side walls of the plug frame are also made hydrophobic on their inwardly facing surfaces, so that no formwork oil is required.
- the lower grid 4 ' is first placed on the hydrophobic PVC plate 14.
- the highly flowable grout is poured into the space formed by the frame 12.
- the first possibility is to start up the vibrating mold 16 first.
- the grid 4 ' is raised somewhat and the air escapes from below, so that there is a smooth surface of the mortar on the side facing the PVC plate.
- the other grid 4 "is embedded into the mortar from above, which can be done by hand or with a roller-like tool if necessary.
- the component according to the invention is a rib element 18, in which a base plate 20 is provided with vertically arranged ribs 22.
- a base plate 20 is provided with vertically arranged ribs 22.
- the bending tensile strength can be increased to a significant extent if the same cross sections are considered.
- two base plates 20 and 28 are provided, between which the ribs 22 extend. This element 18 'is characterized by better stability.
- a grid 24 is first inserted into a mold 30 which is open at the top.
- the grid 24 is formed in one piece and protrudes somewhat with its two ends 26.
- a spacer 32 (see FIG. 9) can be inserted into the mold 30 at intervals.
- the grout is then poured into the mold 30. Once the mortar has solidified, the mold 30 can be removed, completing the rib body.
- the mentioned ends 26 of the grid 24 protrude freely from the rib body. This is done deliberately in order to improve the fastening of the rib bodies on the base plate 20.
- the rib bodies with the free ends 26 of their grid 24 are pressed slightly downward into the as yet unsolidified cement mortar 2 of the base plate 20, the ends 26 of the grid 24 being in the approximately parallel position shown to the grid 4 This leads to a particularly secure hold of the ribs 22 on the base plate 20.
- a common grid 24 ' can be used for several ribs, which is inserted into several molds 30 arranged next to one another. After the mortar poured into the molds 30 has solidified, the area of the grid 24 'between the individual molds can be separated again, resulting in the free ends 26 already described. However, it is also possible to maintain the common grid 24 ', which then extends in the case of the element 18 according to FIG. 8 between two adjacent ribs 22 parallel to the other grid 4 ".
- the element 18 shown in Fig. 5 can also be produced in a single operation by z. 10 after the mortar has been poured into the molds 30 according to FIG. 10, the grid 4 "is placed on top, and then the mortar of the base plate 20 is poured in - using a frame according to FIG. 4. Finally, the further grid can then be added The element 18 according to FIG. 5 results after the cement mortar has solidified.
- a plate with reinforced reinforcement in which two grids are provided near the surfaces.
- Such a plate with a total of four grids results in a bending tensile strength of 25-35 MN / m 2 .
- grids were assumed which consisted of glass fiber bundles made of normal, non-alkali-resistant glass and therefore had to be encased in a resin.
- grids whose glass fiber bundles consist of a special, sufficiently alkali-resistant glass, such a sheathing is no longer necessary. This makes it possible to embed the grids in the cement matrix with a direct bond of cement-glass, and this in turn leads to the advantage that the glass fiber bundles can then be prestressed in one or both directions of the grille.
- Prestressing the glass fiber bundle is only useful if there is sufficient cement-glass bonding. It increases the tensile strength of the cement matrix even more in the respective direction of tension, and not inconsiderably. It is generally sufficient to prestress only one of the grids 4 'or 4 "provided in the plate 1, since a single plate is normally only subjected to bending in one direction after assembly and consequently only has to have increased tensile strength on one side thereof
- the second grid has the primary function of stabilizing the plate during transport, where changing bending directions are unavoidable, and would otherwise be superfluous (apart from ensuring that the «right sides of the plate are not mixed up), even with the components reinforced with ribs 5 and 6, one-sided prestressing of the grids located in the base plates is sufficient.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Claims (14)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT80730083T ATE22586T1 (de) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-12-22 | Zementplatte, sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu deren herstellung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803042078 DE3042078A1 (de) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-11-05 | Zementplatte, sowie verfahren und vorrichtung zu deren herstellung |
| DE3042078 | 1980-11-05 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0051101A1 EP0051101A1 (fr) | 1982-05-12 |
| EP0051101B1 true EP0051101B1 (fr) | 1986-10-01 |
Family
ID=6116232
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP80730083A Expired EP0051101B1 (fr) | 1980-11-05 | 1980-12-22 | Plaque en ciment et procédé et dispositif pour sa fabrication |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0051101B1 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE22586T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1187307A (fr) |
| DE (2) | DE3042078A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7786026B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2010-08-31 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics America, Inc. | Enhanced thickness fabric and method of making same |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2536696B1 (fr) * | 1982-11-26 | 1986-01-10 | Guerin Gabriel | Procede de fabrication de plaques minces moulees avec armature en reseau et inserts partiellement enrobes et installation pour sa mise en oeuvre |
| DE3337268B4 (de) * | 1983-10-13 | 2005-02-17 | Matériaux de Construction International | Zuggurt aus einer hydraulisch abbindenden Masse |
| DE3684042D1 (de) * | 1985-06-15 | 1992-04-09 | Mitsui Constr | Verstaerkungsbaumaterial und damit verstaerktes bauteil. |
| DE3870993D1 (de) * | 1987-06-26 | 1992-06-17 | Shimizu Construction Co Ltd | Vorgespanntes betonelement mit gitterverstaerkung, verfahren und apparat fuer seine herstellung. |
| IT8822310A0 (it) * | 1988-10-14 | 1988-10-14 | Fibronit Spa | Lastre per edilizia in materiale cementizio rinforzate mediante reti di materiale plastico e fibre di vetro |
| DE4135581A1 (de) * | 1991-10-29 | 1993-05-06 | Wiehofsky, Fritz, 8913 Schondorf, De | Bauplatte und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
| DE4214335A1 (de) * | 1992-05-04 | 1993-11-11 | Helmut Meister | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Leichtbauteiles in Platten- oder Quaderform |
| DE19512627A1 (de) * | 1995-04-05 | 1996-10-10 | Krueger & Schuette Kerapid | Bauplatte |
| FR2762028B1 (fr) * | 1997-04-14 | 2001-07-27 | Lafarge Sa | Piece de construction renforcee et son procede de fabrication |
| FR2795111B1 (fr) | 1999-06-21 | 2002-06-28 | Weber & Broutin Sa | Materiau renforce de construction, produit de revetement et plaque ou dalle en matiere moulee comprenant ledit materiau et leur procede de preparation |
| DE102012101498A1 (de) * | 2012-01-03 | 2013-07-04 | Groz-Beckert Kg | Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauelements |
| DE102022116063A1 (de) | 2022-06-28 | 2023-12-28 | Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, abgekürzt RWTH Aachen, Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts | Mehrschichtiges Bauelement für eine Decke, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mehrschichtigen Bauelements und Verwendung von Textilbetonstreifen |
| DE102024111006B4 (de) * | 2024-04-19 | 2026-01-29 | Betonwerk Oschatz GmbH | Hohldeckenplatte und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE916113C (de) * | 1943-03-11 | 1954-08-05 | Saint Gobain | Bauteil aus Zementmoertel oder Beton mit vorgespannter Bewehrung |
| DE923088C (de) * | 1948-06-16 | 1955-02-03 | Raymond Francois Emile Camus | Bauweise zur Herstellung eines Wohn- oder Industriegebaeudes aus vorgefertigten Platten |
| DE1852594U (de) * | 1961-04-21 | 1962-05-30 | Ver Baustoffwerke Bodenwerder | Bewehrte verkleidungsplatte. |
| US3475529A (en) * | 1966-12-23 | 1969-10-28 | Concrete Structures Inc | Method of making a prestressed hollow concrete core slab |
| DE2154419A1 (de) * | 1971-11-02 | 1973-05-03 | Ferma | Fertigbauelement |
| JPS5247252B2 (fr) * | 1972-09-25 | 1977-12-01 | ||
| DE2409231A1 (de) * | 1974-02-27 | 1975-09-04 | Heidelberg Portland Zement | Verfahren zur herstellung von durch anorganische bindemittel verfestigten und durch mineralfasern verstaerkten raumformkoerpern |
| CA1056178A (fr) * | 1976-01-19 | 1979-06-12 | Morris Schupack | Panneaux armes de construction et methode de fabrication connexe |
| PL116240B1 (en) * | 1976-12-22 | 1981-05-30 | Wojewodzka Spoldzielnia Mieszk | Prestressed laminar material |
| DE2854228C2 (de) * | 1978-12-15 | 1983-11-24 | Ytong AG, 8000 München | Mehrschichtenplatte aus Gasbeton sowie Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| IE49521B1 (en) * | 1979-03-15 | 1985-10-16 | Pilkington Brothers Ltd | Alkali-resistant glass fibres |
-
1980
- 1980-11-05 DE DE19803042078 patent/DE3042078A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1980-12-22 EP EP80730083A patent/EP0051101B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-12-22 DE DE8080730083T patent/DE3071791D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-12-22 AT AT80730083T patent/ATE22586T1/de active
-
1981
- 1981-11-05 CA CA000389568A patent/CA1187307A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7786026B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2010-08-31 | Saint-Gobain Technical Fabrics America, Inc. | Enhanced thickness fabric and method of making same |
| US8187401B2 (en) | 2003-12-19 | 2012-05-29 | Saint-Gobain Adfors Canada, Ltd. | Enhanced thickness fabric and method of making same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0051101A1 (fr) | 1982-05-12 |
| ATE22586T1 (de) | 1986-10-15 |
| DE3071791D1 (en) | 1986-11-06 |
| DE3042078A1 (de) | 1982-06-09 |
| CA1187307A (fr) | 1985-05-21 |
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