EA031599B1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is related to transport machine engineering. The objective of the invention is improvement of operating efficiency and reliability of a friction shock absorber. The friction shock absorber (Fig. 2) comprises a body (1) with internal projections, a base (3) and a neck (6), the neck accommodating a friction assembly (7) consisting of a pressure wedge (8) that contacts spacer wedges (9) contacting guide plates (10), and movable plates (11) contacting the guide plates. The movable plates and the spacer wedges are in contact with a pressure bed (12); a return-retaining device (14) having its apex (15) contacting the support end of the pressure bed is located between the pressure bed and the base. The part (A) of the return-retaining device is located between guide plates supported by internal projections of the body; the guide plates are provided with recesses (21) that may extend over the entire width of the guide plates. Width (B) of the return-retaining device part (A) disposed between said recesses is greater than the shortest distance (C) between the guide plates. The guide plates are situated nearer to the body base than the pressure bed support end that contacts the apex of the return-retaining device.

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering. The task is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the friction shock absorber. Friction shock absorber (Fig. 2) includes a housing (1) with internal protrusions, a base (3) and a throat (6), inside which is located a friction assembly (7) consisting of a pressure wedge (8) and spacer wedges in contact with it (9 ), in contact with the guide plates (10) and in contact with them moving plates (11). The movable plates and spacer wedges are located in contact with the pressure plate (12), between which and the base the reciprocating device (14) is located, which is in contact with this bearing end with its top (15). Part (A) of the reciprocating-retaining device is located between the guide plates supported on the inner lugs of the housing and provided with samples (21), which can be made across the entire width of the guide plates. The width (B) of its part (A) located between these samples is larger than the shortest distance (C) between the guide plates. The guide plates are positioned closer to the base of the body than the supporting end of the pressure plate contacting with the top of the back-supporting device.

031599 Bl

031599 B1

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly absorbing devices installed between the cars of the train.

Known friction shock absorber [1, patent US 7540387, IPC F16F7 / 08, B61G9 / 00, priority 08/10/2011, published 10.28.2014], containing a friction assembly located in the housing, consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, moving plates and guide plates . The friction unit relies on a reciprocating device in the form of metal springs mounted on the base of the housing.

Such a friction unit is not very energy-intensive and efficient, due to the low force of the pressing of the wedges against the movable plates and guide plates. The lack of efficiency is due to the fact that the reciprocating-supporting device occupies the space only under the friction assembly, in which it is impossible to locate springs with high rigidity.

This problem is solved in the friction damper [2, patent RU 2338100, IPC F16F7 / 08, B61F5 / 12, B61G11 / 14, priority 18.04.2006, published on 10.11.2008], adopted for the prototype.

It contains a housing, on the basis of which a reciprocal support device is located, made in the form of a package of elastic-elastic elements, in contact with which a friction assembly consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, guide plates and movable plates is located. Due to the rational design of the friction assembly, it is possible to arrange a greater height and rigidity in the casing of the reciprocating device. This allows you to increase the energy intensity and efficiency of the friction damper.

However, such an increase in the stiffness of the reciprocating device has a negative effect on the reliability of the device. At the end of the maximum compression stroke of the reciprocating device, there is an increase in the thrust forces and forces caused by the frictional forces of the friction assembly, which leads to mutual sticking, or sticking, of the surfaces of its parts. The most common occurrence of the friction surfaces of the pressure wedge with spacer wedges, or spacer wedges with guide plates, or all of these parts at the same time. This leads to the fact that during removal of the load, their surfaces grasped between themselves or disconnected with a large delay, or cannot be disconnected at all, since the decompression force of the reciprocating-supporting device is not sufficient to overcome the forces of mutual adhesion of the parts of the friction assembly gripped among themselves. That is, the friction shock absorber is either jammed for some time, which impairs its performance, or is jammed completely and unsuitable as a consequence to perform its functions.

In addition, another disadvantage of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [2], as well as the friction shock absorber of the analogue of [1], is that near the end of the compression stroke of their reciprocal supporting devices, part of the spacer wedges hang over the friction surfaces of the guide plates in contact with them. In the shock absorber analogue [1], this is due to the fact that the guide plate is short, and in the shock absorber - prototype [2] - due to the fact that samples are made closer to the base of its body on the long guide plates. Although this is in the prototype shock absorber [2], it is useful to reduce the growth rate of the final force with maximum compression of the reciprocating device of the friction shock absorber, however, this hanging of a part of the spacer wedges beyond the friction surfaces of the guide plates leads to a decrease in the area of their contact and an increase in specific pressure. This can lead to a gradual destruction of the friction surfaces of the guide plates closest to the base of the casing, to the further development of these damages (cracks, chipping) along the guide plates and the occurrence of similar damages also on the spacer wedges.

The above-described disadvantages of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [2] reduce the efficiency and especially the reliability of its work.

Therefore, the object of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the friction shock absorber, respectively, by increasing its energy intensity and durability by achieving a technical result aimed at eliminating mutual hardening or sticking of the surfaces of the parts of its friction assembly and allowing the installation of a more energy-intensive reciprocating retaining device.

The problem is solved by the fact that a friction shock absorber comprising a housing with internal projections and a base, as well as with a wide and narrow neck formed by its mouth, inside which is located a friction assembly consisting of a pressure wedge and spacer wedges in contact with it, in contact with guide plates and movable plates in contact with them, while the movable plates and spacer wedges are located in contact with the pressure plate, between which the end face and the base of the plate are located but the retaining device in contact with this bearing end of its top, and the movable plates are located in contact with the walls of the neck of the body and provided with side projections, in addition, part of the reciprocating retaining device is located between the guiding plates resting on the internal projections of the body: guide plates are supplied you

- 1 031599 by the borks facing the reciprocating device, while the width of its part located between these samples is greater than the shortest distance between the guide plates, moreover, the guide plates are located closer to the base of the case than contacting with the top retaining device supporting the end of the pressure plate.

The introduction of such distinctive features of the friction damper in the invention makes it possible to eliminate together the mutual adhesion or sticking of the surfaces of the parts of its friction assembly, as well as to reduce the contact area in the middle part of the spacer wedges and guide plates. This is aimed at ensuring the possibility of installation in a friction shock absorber of a high-energy-intensive high-return reciprocating device by increasing its dimensions and volume, as well as reducing the final force arising at maximum compression of the reciprocating friction damper device, which will increase its energy intensity and durability, and It means the efficiency and reliability of such an energy-absorbing apparatus.

Additional features of the invention:

pressure wedge is located with support for an additional reciprocating support device;

solid lubricant inserts are installed in the guide plates;

fixation of the friction assembly is performed by pressing the hooks on the pressure wedge into the protrusions on the body neck;

the projections on the neck of the case are offset from the middle of the wide walls of the neck;

a through hole is made in the push wedge;

the walls of the casing are partly formed by inserts located in them;

Samples are made across the entire width of the guide plates.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a top view of a friction damper according to the invention; in fig. 2 shows the combined frontal section A-A of FIG. 1, where the left side shows the friction damper in the initial state, and on the right side, in its fully compressed state; in fig. 3 shows a general view of a guide plate according to the invention; in fig. 4 shows a general view of an embodiment of a movable plate; in fig. 5 shows a frontal section A-A of FIG. 1 in the embodiment of the additional reciprocating device and the walls of the housing.

Friction shock absorber in versions of its execution (Fig. 1, 2, 5) includes a housing 1 with internal protrusions 2 (Fig. 2, 5) and a base 3. The housing 1 contains formed by wide 4 (figs 1, 2, 5) and narrow 5 (Fig. 2, 5) with the walls of the neck 6 (Fig. 1, 2, 5), inside which is located the friction assembly 7, consisting of a pressure wedge 8 and spacer wedges 9 in contact with it. Spacing wedges 9 are in contact with the guide plates 10 ( Fig. 1, 2, 3, 5), which are in contact with the movable plates 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5). When this movable plate 11 and the spacer wedges 9 are in contact with the pressure plate 12 (Fig. 2, 5).

Between the supporting end 13 of the pressure plate 12 and the base 3 (Fig. 2, 5) there is a back-supporting device 14 in contact with the supporting end 13 with its apex 15, while the movable plates 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) are in contact with the walls 5 of the neck 6 housing 1 and provided with side projections 16. In this part A (Fig. 2, 5) of the reciprocating retaining device 14 is located between the guide plates 10, based on the internal projections of the housing 2.

The movable plates 11 are located on the pressure plate 12 (shown in FIG. 1 and with dashed lines in FIG. 2) with their side projections 16. The side projections can be made as shown in FIG. 1, 2, as well as in another embodiment, as shown in FIG. four.

To facilitate the withdrawal of the friction unit 7 to the initial state, it is useful to install the pressure wedge 8 with an emphasis on an additional reciprocating device (FIG. 2), made, for example, in the form of a metal compression spring 17, which rests on the pressure plate 12.

Another option for an additional reciprocating device can also be the use of a metal compression spring 17 (Fig. 5), but of greater length. When this pressure wedge 8 is supported by the stop 18, passed through the pressure plate 12, while between the stop 18 and the base 3 of the housing 1 is just such a metal compression spring 17, but elongated.

Application in the friction shock absorber in two versions of its execution (Fig. 2 and 5) of an additional reciprocating-retaining device in the form of metal compression springs 17 between the pressure wedge and the pressure plate (Fig. 2) or between the base 3 and the stop 18 (Fig. 5) allows to increase its reliability, as well as to apply a reciprocating support device 14 of greater rigidity than in the structures of friction dampers by analogy [1] and prototype [2]. This will increase the energy consumption and, accordingly, the efficiency of such an energy-absorbing impact device without the risk of it becoming jammed.

In order to improve the smoothness and stability of the power characteristics of the friction damper and at the same time minimize the wear rate of the guide plates 10, as well as the wedges 9 and movable plates 11 in contact with them, it is useful to install solid lubricant inserts 19 in the guide plates 10 (Fig. 2, 3, 5).

On the guide plates 10, samples 21 (Figs. 2, 3, 5) are made with a width D, which defines

- 2 031599 is the size and shape of the reciprocating support device 14. At the same time, this shape should be sufficient to accommodate the reciprocating support device 14 and not interfere with it during operation. Therefore, a variant (not shown) is possible, when samples (21) of guide plates (10) can be made across the entire width of guide plates (10).

Between the samples 21 (Fig. 2, 5) is located part A of the reciprocating device 14. It has a width B greater than the minimum distance C between the guide plates 10 (Fig. 2), which allows a high-energy reciprocating retaining device to be installed in the friction damper high stiffness, for example, as shown, in the form of a spring of greater stiffness and located in it a spring of lesser stiffness.

The friction unit 7 is fixed with the help of stops by hooks 22 (shown by a dotted line in Fig. 1) on the pressure wedge 8 into the teeth 20 of the neck 6 of the housing 1. Another fixation option is possible, without the teeth 20 and the hooks 22, using the fixed in the base 3 of the housing 1 nut 8 (which is not shown), as in the known shock-absorbing prototype [2].

The teeth 20 (Fig. 1) on the neck 6 are offset from the middle of the wide wall 4 of the housing 1, which makes it easy to place inside the neck 6 the maximum possible in size return-support device 14 (Fig. 2, 5).

A feature of the housing 1 of the friction damper according to the invention is the absence of the need to make technological holes on the walls 4, 5 intended for the assembly of a friction shock absorber according to the analogue of [1]. This makes the housing 1 of the friction damper according to the invention of high strength without weakening its walls places. To assemble it, in this case a through hole 23 (FIG. 2) is made in the pressure wedge 8, through which the rod (not shown) of the device is passed.

Such a rod rests on its end with a pressure plate 12. Applying force to the device stem, the reciprocating device 14 is compressed, and space is available to accommodate the remaining parts of the friction assembly 7. When the force is removed from the rod, the friction damper is in the assembled state. This assembly process turns out to be safer and simpler than the assembly process of friction dampers by analogy [1] and prototype [2].

The constructive implementation of the elements of the friction damper described above is aimed at reducing the final effort at maximum compression of the reciprocating retaining device 14 of the shock absorber not at the expense of, as in the shock absorber of the prototype [2], the part of the expansion wedge that is closest to the base of the housing surfaces of the guide plates, and by reducing their contact in the middle of the spacer wedges 9 and the guide plates 10. In this case, the length of the guide plates 10 can be made sufficient intramural them to provide a relatively high resistance and stability of the position of the spacer wedges 9, which is not observed in friction shock absorbers for analogue [1] and the prototype [2], because of their small mutual contact with the guide plates at sveshivanii end position.

As mentioned above, the reciprocating device 14 can be made, for example, in the form of metal compression springs inserted into each other (Fig. 2). It can also be performed and (not shown) in the form of a package of elastic-elastic elements, as in the shock absorber prototype [2].

To eliminate the premature wear of the walls 5 of the housing 1 from the side of the movable plates 11, it is useful that the walls 5 of the housing 1 are formed by inserts 24 that are partially located in them (FIG. 5) of a more wear-resistant material than the material of the housing 1. In this case, the worn inserts 24 are replaced with long-term operation of a friction damper refers to more rapid and simple repair and technological operations than a more complex, long-lasting and in some cases impossible restoration, for example, by welding with subsequent brabotkoy, worn casing wall friction damper 1 on analogue [1] and the prototype [2].

The principle of operation of the friction shock absorber is based on the fact that when an external force Q is applied (Fig. 2, 5, right half of the figures) attached to the pressure wedge 8, for example, from the hitch (not shown) when the cars (not shown) collide, the reciprocating device 14 is compressed. The friction unit 7 is immersed inside the neck 6 of the housing 1. The pressure wedge 8 carries the spacer wedges 9 into the inside of the housing 1.

In a certain period of the working stroke, the thrust plate (not shown) of the automatic coupling device of the car (not shown) begins to press on the movable plates 11. Under the action of this force, they friction along the guide plates 10 and the walls 5 enter the inside of the body 1.

When removing the external force Q, an additional reciprocating device 17 pushes away the pushing wedge 8 from the spacer wedges 9 and helps to return those to their original position. As a result, the reciprocating support device 14 is opened more freely, pushing the pressure plate 12 together with the friction assembly 7 installed on it to its original state.

Information sources.

1. Patent US 7540387, IPC F16F7 / 08, B61G9 / 00, priority 10.08.2011, published on 10.28.2014.

2. Patent RU 2338100, IPC F16F7 / 08, B61F5 / 12, B61G11 / 14, priority 18.04.2006, published

- 3 031599

November 10, 2008 (prototype).

The list of reference designations and names of elements to which these designations belong.

No NAME one body 2 inner lip 3 base four wide wall five narrow wall 6 neck 7 friction knot eight push wedge 9 spacer wedge ten guide plate eleven movable plate. 12 pressure plate 13 bearing end 14 reciprocating device 15 vertex sixteen side lugs 17 metal compression spring 18 emphasis nineteen solid lubricant insert 20 teeth 21 sampling 22 hook 23 through hole 24 antifriction liner BUT back-up part 14 AT width of part A of the reciprocating device 14 WITH minimum distance between guide plates 10 Q External force D Sample width 21 Aa frontal section aa of FIG. 1, shown in FIG. 2 and 5

Claims (8)

CLAIM 1. Friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) with internal protrusions (2) and a base (3), as well as with a neck (6) formed by its wide (4) and narrow (5) walls, inside of which there is a friction unit (7) consisting of a pressure wedge (8) and contacting wedges (9) in contact with it, contacting guide plates (10) and moving plates (11) in contact with them, while moving plates (11) and expansion wedges (9) are located in contact with the pressure plate (12), between the supporting end (13) of which and the base (3) is located return a support device (14) in contact with this support end (13) with its top (15), while the movable plates (11) are located in contact with the walls (5) of the neck (6) of the housing (1) and are provided with side protrusions (16) in addition, part (A) of the reciprocating device (14) is located between the guide plates (10) resting on the inner protrusions (2) of the housing (1), characterized in that the guide plates (10) are provided with samples (21) facing towards the back-retaining device (14), while the width (B) of the part (A) of the back-retaining y of the device (14) located between these samples (21) is greater than the minimum distance (C) between the guide plates (10), in addition, the guide plates (10) are located closer to the base (3) of the housing (1) than the contact with the top (15) of the reciprocating device (14), the supporting end face (13) of the pressure plate 12. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure wedge (8) is supported by an additional reciprocating device (17). 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid lubricant inserts (19) are installed in the guide plates (10). 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixation of the friction unit (7) is made through the emphasis of the hooks (2.2) on the pressure wedge (8) into the protrusions (20) on the neck (6) of the housing (1). 5. The shock absorber according to claim 4, characterized in that the protrusions (20) on the neck (6) of the housing (1) are offset from the middle of the wide walls (4) of the neck (6). 6. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that a through hole (23) is made in the pressure wedge (8). 7. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls (5) of the housing (1) are partially formed by the liners (24) located therein. 8. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the samples (21) are made over the entire width of the guide plates (10). - 4 031599 Section AA in FIG. one