RU2669875C1 - Friction shock absorber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport machinery.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to automotive industry. Friction shock absorber comprises body (1) with bottom (4) and with neck (2) formed by its walls (3), in which a friction unit is located. Friction unit consists of support plate (10), pressure wedge (6), spacer wedges (7), movable plates (9) provided with side flanges (14), and guide plates (8). Between guide plates (8) there is return-retaining device (5) in contact with bottom (4) and with support plate (10) of the friction unit. Return-retaining device (5) is also located in contact with pressure wedge (6) and is delimited by base plate (10) into two parts (A and B).EFFECT: higher efficiency and reliability of operation is achieved.4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of transport engineering and relates to friction shock absorbers of vehicles, mainly for absorbing devices installed between cars of a train.

Known friction shock absorber [1, Patent US 7540387, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/00, priority 08/10/2011, published 10/28/2014], comprising a friction assembly located in the housing, consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, movable plates and guide plates. The friction unit rests on a reciprocating device in the form of metal springs mounted on the bottom of the housing.

Such a friction unit is not very energy-intensive and efficient, which is due to the low force of the pressing wedges against the movable plates and guide plates. The lack of efficiency is due to the fact that the reciprocating device occupies the space only under the friction unit, in which it is impossible to arrange the springs with great effort.

This problem is solved in the friction shock absorber [2, Patent RU 2338100, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/14, priority 18.04.2006, published 10.11.2008], adopted as a prototype.

It contains a housing, on the bottom of which there is a reciprocating device made in the form of a package of resiliently elastic elements, in contact with which is a friction unit consisting of a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, guide plates and movable plates. Due to the rational design of the friction unit, it is possible to install a reciprocating device of greater height and rigidity. This allows you to increase the energy intensity and efficiency of the friction shock absorber.

However, such an increase in the rigidity of the reciprocating device has a negative effect on the reliability of the device. At the end of the maximum compression stroke, there is an increase in spacer forces and forces caused by the work of friction forces, which leads to mutual setting, or “sticking”, of the surfaces of the friction unit parts. Most often, the friction surfaces of the pressure wedge are seized with spacer wedges, or spacer wedges with guide plates, or all of these parts at the same time. This leads to the fact that when the load is removed, the surfaces caught between them either disconnect with a great delay, or cannot be disconnected at all, since the force of the reciprocating device is insufficient to overcome the forces of mutual adhesion of the friction unit parts that are caught together. That is, the friction shock absorber is either stuck for some time, which impairs its performance, or completely stuck and unsuitable as a result of this to perform its functions.

The above disadvantages of the friction shock absorber of the prototype [2] reduce the efficiency and reliability of its operation.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the friction shock absorber due to the achievement of a technical result to prevent its jamming, aimed at improving performance and increasing the energy intensity of such an energy-absorbing shock device.

The problem is solved in that the friction shock absorber comprising a housing with a bottom and a neck formed by its walls, in which a friction assembly is located, consisting of a base plate, a pressure wedge, spacer wedges, movable plates provided with side shelves, and guide plates between which the reciprocating device is located in contact with the bottom and with the base plate of the friction unit; it has a distinctive feature: the reciprocating device (5) is also located in contact with the pressure wedge (6).

This distinguishing feature allows you to get the force acting on the pressure wedge during the reverse stroke of the friction shock absorber. In the event that the friction surfaces of the pressure wedge and the expansion wedges are set, the reciprocating device wedges them, and the friction shock absorber returns to its original state under the action of the force from the reciprocating device.

The use of a reciprocating device in the friction shock absorber between the pressure wedge and the bottom in contact with the base plate allows to increase its reliability, as well as to use the reciprocating retaining device of greater rigidity, which will increase the energy intensity and, accordingly, the efficiency of such an energy-absorbing shock device.

Additional features of the invention:

- the return retaining device is delimited by the base plate into two parts;

- the demarcation of the reciprocating device is formed by the contact of one part of it with the bottom and with the aforementioned base plate, and the other part of it - with the base plate and the pressure wedge, while the rigidity of one part is greater than the other part, respectively;

- the demarcation of the reciprocating device is formed by its passage through the hole in the base plate;

- both parts of the reciprocating device are located in contact with each other;

- back-retaining device contains support elements in contact with the pressure wedge;

- supporting elements are made with the possibility of contact with spacer wedges;

- the back-retaining device contains support elements in contact with the bottom;

- on the pressure wedge and on the expansion wedges, hooks are arranged that are capable of mutual contact during the reverse stroke of the pressure wedge.

The invention is illustrated by illustrations, where in FIG. 1 shows a top view of the friction damper of the invention using its movable plates in FIG. 7; in FIG. 2-6 show a combined frontal section AA in FIG. 1, where the frictional shock absorber in the initial state is depicted on their left side, and in the fully compressed state in various embodiments of the reciprocating device; in FIG. 7 shows a general view of the movable plate of the friction shock absorber of FIG. one; in FIG. 8 shows a general view of another embodiment of a movable plate of a friction shock absorber; in FIG. 9 shows a guide plate with samples spanning a reciprocating device.

Friction shock absorber (Fig. 1-6), contains a housing 1 with a neck 2 formed by its walls 3, and with a bottom 4, in contact with which a reciprocating device 5 is located (conventionally shown by crossed straight lines) in contact with its other side the pressure wedge 6 and the base plate 10 of the friction unit, also consisting of spacer wedges 7, guide plates 8 and movable plates 9.

The movable plates 9 are located on the base plate 10 with their side flanges 14 (shown in FIG. 1 and dashed lines in FIGS. 2-6).

Reciprocating device 5 is delimited by the base plate 10 into two parts A and B (Fig. 2, 6), and can be made (not shown) in the form of one or more compression springs, or in the form of elastic elements, as well as as a hydraulic or other device, it is possible to combine different types of devices and elements.

The demarcation of the reciprocating device 5 into parts A and B is possible by passing through the hole 11 in the base plate 10 (Fig. 3-5), or the length of one of its parts A from the bottom 4 of the housing 1 to the base plate 10, and the continuation of its other part In from the other side of the base plate 10 to the pressure wedge 6 (Fig. 2, 6). In this case, both parts A and B of the reciprocating device 5 can be in contact with each other. In addition, the rigidity of part A of the reciprocating device 5 is greater than the rigidity of part B.

In order to improve the operation of the friction unit when moving the spacer wedges 7 and the movable plates 9 along the guide plates 8, it is useful to install solid lubricant inserts 12 on the guide plates 8, both on one side and on both sides of the guide plates 8 facing the movable plates 9 and spacer wedges 7 (Fig. 2-6, 9). Such inserts of solid lubricant 12 make it possible to minimize the likelihood of setting of the mentioned friction surfaces, their mutual “sticking” and to ensure easy removal of the friction unit to its initial state.

To ensure a compact arrangement of the energy-intensive reciprocating device 5 in the housing 1 on the guide plates 8 made samples 13 (Fig. 2-6, 9), covering the reciprocating device 5.

The movable plates 9 can be made U-shaped (Fig. 1-7), the side flanges 14 of which cover (Fig. 1) the guide plates 8 and are located on the base plate 10.

The movable plate 9 (Fig. 8) can also be made T-shaped with the formation of side shelves 14 located on the base plate 10.

Reciprocating device 5 may contain support elements 18 (Fig. 5) in contact with the pressure wedge 6, or support elements 19 in contact with the bottom 4 of the housing 1 (Fig 4). The functions of such support elements 18, 19 may be different, for example, depending on the type of reciprocating device used. For example, when using metal springs, they can perform the function of centering them and increase the stability of their ends in contact with the pressure wedge 6 and the bottom 4. The function of the support element 18 in contact with the pressure wedge 6 may be additional wedging of the spacer wedges 7 and guide plates 8 under the action of the force from the reciprocating device 5 due to the contact during the reverse stroke of the pressure wedge 6 of the hooks 16 on the spacer wedges 7 with the protrusions 17 on the supporting elements 18.

It is useful to prevent jamming of the friction shock absorber so that hooks 15 are made on the pressure wedge 6 (Fig. 6), and hooks 16 are arranged on the expansion wedges 7, which are capable of mutual contact during the reverse stroke of the pressure wedge 6 to bring the expansion wedges 7 to their initial position. .

The principle of operation of the friction shock absorber is based on the fact that when an external force P (Fig. 2-6 right halves) is applied to the pressure wedge 6, for example, from the coupling device (not shown) when the cars collide, the back-retaining device 5 is compressed .

In this case, the friction unit is immersed inside the neck 2 of the housing 1. The pressure wedge 6 carries the spacer wedges 7 inside the housing 1.

At a certain period of the stroke, the thrust plate (not shown) of the car’s coupler (not shown) begins to put pressure on the movable plates 9. Under the influence of this force, they enter the body 1 with friction along the guide plates 8 and walls 3.

Further, the spacer wedges 7, due to the slope on the guide plates 8, converge towards each other, sliding along them, as well as along the friction surfaces of the pressure wedge 6 and the base plate 10.

When the external force P is removed, the reciprocating device 5 pushes the pressure wedge 6 away from the spacer wedges 7. As a result, the reciprocating device 5 is more freely opened, pushing the base plate 10 together with the friction unit mounted on it to its original state.

Thus, due to the impact of the reciprocating device 5 on the pressure wedge 6, the friction unit can be returned to its original position, which improves the efficiency and reliability of the friction shock absorber by preventing it from jamming.

Information sources

1. Patent US 7540387, IPC F16F 7/08, B61G 9/00, priority 08/10/2011, published 10/28/2014.

2. Patent RU 2338100, IPC F16F 7/08, B61F 5/12, B61G 11/14, priority 04/18/2006, published November 10, 2008 / prototype /.

Claims (4)

1. Friction shock absorber comprising a housing (1) with a bottom (4) and a neck (2) formed by its walls (3), in which a friction assembly is located, consisting of a base plate (10), a pressure wedge (6), and spacer wedges (7), movable plates (9) provided with side shelves (14), and guide plates (8), between which a reciprocating device (5) is located in contact with the bottom (4) and with the base plate (10) of the friction unit while the reciprocating device (5) is also located in contact with the pressure wedge (6) and delimited by the base plate (10) into two parts (A and B). 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the said demarcation of the reciprocating device (5) is formed by the contact of one part (A) with the bottom (4) and the base plate (10), and the other part (B) - with a base plate (10) and a pressure wedge (6), while the rigidity of one part (A) is greater than the other part (B), respectively. 3. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the said demarcation of the reciprocating device (5) is formed by its passage through the hole (11) in the base plate (10). 4. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the reciprocating device (5) contains support elements (18) in contact with the pressure wedge (6).

Images