DE3607759A1 - Photochromer gegenstand aus kunststoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents

Photochromer gegenstand aus kunststoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Info

Publication number: DE3607759A1
Authority: DE; Germany
Prior art keywords: photochromic; film; spiro; indoline; plastic
Prior art date: 1985-03-29
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

DE19863607759

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Inventor

Cletus Norman Clinton Ohio Welch

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

PPG Industries Ohio Inc

Original Assignee

PPG Industries Inc

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1985-03-29

Filing date

1986-03-08

Publication date

1986-10-02

1986-03-08 Application filed by PPG Industries Inc filed Critical PPG Industries Inc

1986-10-02 Publication of DE3607759A1 publication Critical patent/DE3607759A1/de

Status Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

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ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N Unsaturated alcohol Chemical compound CC\C(CO)=C/C ACIAHEMYLLBZOI-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1,10]phenanthroline Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 DGEZNRSVGBDHLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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125000005073 adamantyl group Chemical group C12(CC3CC(CC(C1)C3)C2)* 0.000 description 1
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IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N allene Chemical group C=C=C IYABWNGZIDDRAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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GQVCNZBQZKXBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-2-one;toluene Chemical compound CCC(C)=O.CC1=CC=CC=C1 GQVCNZBQZKXBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
150000008422 chlorobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000013527 degreasing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 1
IPZJQDSFZGZEOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylmethylene Chemical group C[C]C IPZJQDSFZGZEOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butyl acetate Natural products CC(C)COC(C)=O GJRQTCIYDGXPES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M isocaproate Chemical compound CC(C)CCC([O-])=O FGKJLKRYENPLQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropanol acetate Natural products CC(C)OC(C)=O JMMWKPVZQRWMSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229940011051 isopropyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000000654 isopropylidene group Chemical group C(C)(C)=* 0.000 description 1
GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid Chemical compound CC(C)CC(O)=O GWYFCOCPABKNJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N isovaleric acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)CC(C)C OQAGVSWESNCJJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
125000001820 oxy group Chemical group [*:1]O[*:2] 0.000 description 1
125000004115 pentoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 1
239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
229920002285 poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
125000006684 polyhaloalkyl group Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
229920000166 polytrimethylene carbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
208000029561 pustule Diseases 0.000 description 1
230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920005613 synthetic organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/02—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/23—Photochromic filters
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/685—Compositions containing spiro-condensed pyran compounds or derivatives thereof, as photosensitive substances

Landscapes

Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
Surface Treatment Of Optical Elements (AREA)
Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
Optical Filters (AREA)

DE19863607759 1985-03-29 1986-03-08 Photochromer gegenstand aus kunststoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung Granted DE3607759A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US71761885A	1985-03-29	1985-03-29
US77975085A	1985-09-24	1985-09-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
DE3607759A1 true DE3607759A1 (de)	1986-10-02

Family

ID=27109740

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
DE19863607759 Granted DE3607759A1 (de)	1985-03-29	1986-03-08	Photochromer gegenstand aus kunststoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Country Status (11)

Country	Link
AU (1)	AU554441B2 (pt)
BR (1)	BR8601298A (pt)
CA (1)	CA1274427C (pt)
DE (1)	DE3607759A1 (pt)
FR (1)	FR2587501B1 (pt)
GB (1)	GB2174711B (pt)
HK (1)	HK71889A (pt)
IT (1)	IT1191994B (pt)
MX (1)	MX164718B (pt)
MY (1)	MY101860A (pt)
SG (1)	SG27389G (pt)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE3516568A1 (de) *	1985-05-08	1986-01-23	Optische Werke G. Rodenstock, 8000 München	Verfahren zum einfaerben von brillenglaesern aus kunststoff mit organischen farbstoffen
EP0331217A1 (en) *	1988-02-02	1989-09-06	Akzo N.V.	Photochromic composition
US9975053B1 (en)	2017-04-28	2018-05-22	Jay At Play International Hong Kong Limited	Transformable toy with reversible head

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4909963A (en) *	1986-09-26	1990-03-20	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Photochromic article
US4816584A (en) *	1986-11-12	1989-03-28	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Photochromic spiro(indoline)benzoxazines
US4831142A (en) *	1986-09-26	1989-05-16	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Spiro indoline-pyranobenzoxazinones
DE3852831T2 (de) *	1987-02-02	1995-05-18	Toray Industries	Photochrome Verbindung.
IT1223348B (it) *	1987-11-05	1990-09-19	Enichem Sintesi	Bambola o altro gioco per l'infanzia con caratteristiche fotocromatiche e relativo procedimento di preparazione
US5021196A (en) *	1988-01-25	1991-06-04	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Method for preparing variable-light transmittance article
US4968454A (en) *	1988-01-25	1990-11-06	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Variable-light transmittance article and method for preparing same
US4986934A (en) *	1988-03-25	1991-01-22	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
US5185390A (en) *	1990-03-07	1993-02-09	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Water strippable photochromic resin composition
US5130353A (en) *	1990-03-07	1992-07-14	Ppg Industries, Inc.	Method for preparing photochromic plastic article
IL105147A0 (en) *	1992-09-11	1993-07-08	American Optical Corp	Production of photochromic plastic lenses
AUPN007194A0 (en) *	1994-12-16	1995-01-19	Sola International Holdings Ltd	Method of preparing photochromic article
US7077985B2 (en)	2000-05-30	2006-07-18	Vision-Ease Lens	Injection molding of lens
US6521753B1 (en) *	2000-05-31	2003-02-18	Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc.	Indolinospiropyran compounds and methods for their manufacture
US7858001B2 (en)	2003-09-09	2010-12-28	Insight Equity A.P.X., L.P.	Photochromic lens
ES2544317T3 (es)	2003-09-09	2015-08-28	Insight Equity A.P.X., Lp	Laminado de poliuretano fotocrómico
WO2006094313A2 (en)	2005-03-04	2006-09-08	Vision-Ease Lens	Forming method for polymeric laminated wafers comprising different film materials
FR2952440B1 (fr)	2009-11-12	2012-05-04	Essilor Int	Procede de fabrication d'un film plastique anti-uv avec une repartition spatiale non uniforme de l'absorbeur uv et elements optiques photochromes revetus d'un tel film plastique
US9081130B1 (en)	2013-01-09	2015-07-14	Insight Equity A.P.X., Lp	Photochromic polyurethane laminate

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4286957A (en) *	1979-01-10	1981-09-01	Essilor International "Cie Generale D'optique"	Process of integrating a photochromic substance into an ophthalmic lens and a photochromic lens of organic material
DE3516568A1 (de) *	1985-05-08	1986-01-23	Optische Werke G. Rodenstock, 8000 München	Verfahren zum einfaerben von brillenglaesern aus kunststoff mit organischen farbstoffen

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CH662188A5 (de) *	1983-03-16	1987-09-15	Satis Vacuum Ag	Verfahren und einrichtung zur beschichtung optischer substrate mit reversiblen photochromischen eigenschaften.

1986
- 1986-02-03 AU AU52944/86A patent/AU554441B2/en not_active Expired
- 1986-02-26 MX MX1684A patent/MX164718B/es unknown
- 1986-02-28 CA CA502997A patent/CA1274427C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-08 DE DE19863607759 patent/DE3607759A1/de active Granted
- 1986-03-21 BR BR8601298A patent/BR8601298A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-03-26 FR FR868604390A patent/FR2587501B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-03-26 IT IT67243/86A patent/IT1191994B/it active
- 1986-03-27 GB GB08607756A patent/GB2174711B/en not_active Expired
1987
- 1987-09-24 MY MYPI87001916A patent/MY101860A/en unknown
1989
- 1989-04-25 SG SG273/89A patent/SG27389G/en unknown
- 1989-09-07 HK HK718/89A patent/HK71889A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US4286957A (en) *	1979-01-10	1981-09-01	Essilor International "Cie Generale D'optique"	Process of integrating a photochromic substance into an ophthalmic lens and a photochromic lens of organic material
US4286957B1 (pt) *	1979-01-10	1991-08-13	Essilor Int
DE3516568A1 (de) *	1985-05-08	1986-01-23	Optische Werke G. Rodenstock, 8000 München	Verfahren zum einfaerben von brillenglaesern aus kunststoff mit organischen farbstoffen

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE3516568A1 (de) *	1985-05-08	1986-01-23	Optische Werke G. Rodenstock, 8000 München	Verfahren zum einfaerben von brillenglaesern aus kunststoff mit organischen farbstoffen
EP0331217A1 (en) *	1988-02-02	1989-09-06	Akzo N.V.	Photochromic composition
US9975053B1 (en)	2017-04-28	2018-05-22	Jay At Play International Hong Kong Limited	Transformable toy with reversible head

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
GB8607756D0 (en)	1986-04-30
IT1191994B (it)	1988-03-31
HK71889A (en)	1989-09-14
GB2174711B (en)	1988-10-19
SG27389G (en)	1989-09-22
CA1274427A (en)	1990-09-25
BR8601298A (pt)	1986-12-02
FR2587501A1 (fr)	1987-03-20
IT8667243A0 (it)	1986-03-26
FR2587501B1 (fr)	1991-07-19
AU554441B2 (en)	1986-08-21
CA1274427C (en)	1990-09-25
MX164718B (es)	1992-09-21
MY101860A (en)	1992-01-31
GB2174711A (en)	1986-11-12

Publication	Publication Date	Title
DE3607759A1 (de)	1986-10-02	Photochromer gegenstand aus kunststoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
US4880667A (en)	1989-11-14	Photochromic plastic article and method for preparing same
US5185390A (en)	1993-02-09	Water strippable photochromic resin composition
US5130353A (en)	1992-07-14	Method for preparing photochromic plastic article
DE68913514T2 (de)	1994-07-14	Gegenstand mit veränderlicher lichtübertragung und verfahren zur herstellung.
US4720356A (en)	1988-01-19	Photochromic composition resistant to fatigue
EP0141407B1 (en)	1988-06-15	Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
DE69024541T2 (de)	1996-07-11	Fotochrome Indolino-spiro-oxazine mit einem fünfgliedrigen Ring, Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und diese Verbindungen enthaltende fotochrome Zusammensetzungen und Gegenstände
DE69711640T2 (de)	2002-11-21	Naphthopyrane, zusammensetzungen und artikel die diese enthalten
DE69911065T2 (de)	2004-07-08	Alkoxyacrylamide photochrome beschichtungszusammensetzung und photochrome gegenstände
DE69737827T2 (de)	2008-03-06	Photochrome naphthopyranverbindungen neutraler farbe
DE69010335T2 (de)	1994-11-17	Fotochromischer polymergegenstand.
DE69327410T2 (de)	2000-05-11	Photochrome zusammensetzungen mit verbesserter lichtermüdungsbeständigkeit
DE3622871C2 (pt)	1991-11-07
US5266447A (en)	1993-11-30	Photochromic composition
US4720547A (en)	1988-01-19	Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
US5021196A (en)	1991-06-04	Method for preparing variable-light transmittance article
US4986934A (en)	1991-01-22	Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
EP0417128A1 (en)	1991-03-20	Photochromic compound and articles containing the same
EP0195898B1 (en)	1988-11-02	A method of increasing the light fatigue resistance of a photochromic composition and photochromic composition
DE69431075T2 (de)	2003-03-13	Photochrome naphthoxazin-verbindungen
DE60013582T2 (de)	2005-03-31	Verfahren zum färben eines durchsichtigen artikels aus polycarbonat sowie daraus hergestellte artikel
JPH0121831B2 (pt)	1989-04-24
EP2571944A1 (de)	2013-03-27	Verfahren zur herstellung einer beschichtungszusammensetzung mit reversibler farbtonänderung für die uv-licht absorbierende ausrüstung von substraten
DE69021225T2 (de)	1996-01-25	Lichtbeständige photochrome Zusammensetzung und diese enthaltende photochrome Gegenstände.

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1986-10-02	OP8	Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law
1992-02-13	D2	Grant after examination
1992-08-06	8364	No opposition during term of opposition
1999-09-30	8327	Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner	Owner name: PPG INDUSTRIES OHIO, INC., CLEVELAND, OHIO, US

DE3607759A1 - Photochromer gegenstand aus kunststoff und verfahren zu seiner herstellung - Google Patents

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Links

Classifications

Landscapes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=27109740

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Cited By (3)

Families Citing this family (19)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (1)

Patent Citations (3)

Cited By (3)

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