DE2703381A1 - SHIP HULL FOR LOAD SHIPS - Google Patents

Description

IL-H MLLH - (v.ULLLH - STEINMEISTER

D OOOO Munich 22 D-48OO Bielefeld Siekerwall 7

T - 1122/3 pc / man

Jan. 21, 1977

Antonio Mandelli, Uruguay 750, 10 *, "D" Buenos Aires - 1Ο15, Argentina

Ship hull for cargo ships

The invention relates to a hull for cargo ships according to the preamble of the main claim. she relates particularly, but not exclusively, to a hull for a ship for transporting Containers, that is, a container ship.

When the idea of container ships was developed, the underlying idea that formed the basis of the planning was that such a ship Doors with special load handling devices that stand on the ground must have as far as possible Shortening the waiting time and allowing the ship to increase speed the number of journeys per year.

Consequently, a container ship had to be a considerable one Size, so that the greatest possible benefit could be drawn from the loading capacity and the loading

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operating costs per ton have been reduced.

The considerable size combined with the need to have hulls with free space without intermediate hatches produce that allow easy stacking of the containers on top of each other, and the fact that the load on the container is low, since many of the stowed containers are empty, resulted in hulls with considerable Volume.

To reduce as much as possible the internal volume of the hulls and the number of layers transported Container was then resorted to a compromise by designing the hull to that it only offered adequate volume to stow some of the containers being transported while the remaining containers were carried on deck.

However, this compromise created a number of critical problems common to shipping need to be solved and the most important of which are the following:

"Open" hulls without decks require it to achieve the necessary longitudinal and torsional strength Compensate for missing construction materials by using additional longitudinal links. This usually happened thanks to double-walled fuselage constructions in Cell designs that are less effective and result in a design that is high per unit volume Has weight.

In view of the significant size dimensions and loads to be considered, hatch flaps are very heavy and expensive. The containers carried on deck are subject to the weather and the influences of the sea

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exposed. They have to be secured by special stowage devices, also known as lashing devices can be designated and generate additional costs. To reduce it as much as possible of inertial forces with regard to the deck load and the facilities for stowing the containers are dangerous, container ships must have a low metacenter. For security reasons must however, the ships provide satisfactory dynamic stability and static stability at the same time; these requirements contradict each other.

On the other hand, since the number of container terminals or Ports constantly all over the world and since it is increasing It has become necessary to distribute containers from these terminals to a number of smaller ports that no special loading and unloading facilities and even often no loading and unloading facilities whatsoever smaller container ships have been developed which can also be referred to as supply or feeder ships. These little container ships have only been designed as a scaled-down version of the large container ships however, their essential properties and, consequently, their critical "problems.

The invention is aimed at eliminating disadvantages of the specified type in container ships of all types directed. It results in detail from the characterizing part of the main claim.

The hull of the invention is essentially closed and has at least one cargo space which occupies at least part of the volume of the fuselage. At least in the upper area, which is directly below the upper deck, runs essentially

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Chen continuously over the entire inner length and width of the hull, which corresponds to the hold, in the upper area of the hold at least one loading and unloading device, which can be moved in a translatory manner and at least covers the entire floor of the cargo space. The cargo space has at least one loading opening provided, which has a removable closure.

The invention proposes a hull for a freighter, the interior of which is essentially is occupied by a single cargo space, which is essentially between the front storage space and the engine room arranged in the rear and an area free of obstacles in the loading zone immediately below the main deck. In the hold is a loading and unloading facility provided, which is generally formed by an overhead crane or similar device and includes a sufficient working area which not only covers the entire area of the hold, but also covers the area of an access point for a truck, which forms part of the cargo space. on In this way, the stowing of the load supplied to the ship and the unloading on suitable vehicles can be done with the help of the ship's own loading and unloading facility, without the need for loading and unloading facilities of the port in question.

Therefore, the hull of the invention leads to the Construction of a ship with lifting and access options, which is practically a combination, currently used for handling containers in particular and for all other types of loads independently preferred by the presence of loading and unloading facilities in the ports of call.

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The invention leads to an improved hull, which is built up discontinuously in the area of its hold and a deck with the same characteristics so that the hull, regardless of the individual bulkheads, is very stable, flexible and torsion-proof is without the need for additional stiffening elements.

In the case of ships whose engine room is located in the stern, the hull according to the invention can be a single one Include cargo space which, if necessary or desirable, is divided into two or more cargo spaces with the aid is subdivided by watertight transverse bulkheads required for such purposes. In each In these alternative cases, each hold of the ship's hull and at least one of them has its own Loading and unloading equipment, which is located in the free upper space of the respective loading space, while the other cargo space or the other cargo spaces have their own internal loading and unloading device can or can be supplied with the help of assigned loading trees on the main deck. Besides, it lies It is obvious that in a ship whose engine room is in the middle of the hull, the inventive Hull is divided by the engine room into two holds 5, each of which has the essential design features of the invention, although again it is possible to have one or both of these holds to be subdivided with the help of watertight transverse bulkheads.

In the following, preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal section through a navigable ship with lifting devices

and a single hold for standard

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Container and a loading and unloading area as part of the hull and a loading and unloading device in the upper free part of the hold;
5

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-section through the hull of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a cross-section through the ship of Fig. 1 on a different scale;

Fig. 4 shows schematically a cross section of a ship improved according to the invention and a modified embodiment of the storage device for transport differed

licher loads;

FIG. 5 also shows a further embodiment of the FIG Stowage facilities with folding decks;

Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-section of a modified hull for transporting bulk goods;
25th

Fig. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a freighter, the inventively designed The hull comprises two holds with loading and unloading facilities separated by the ship's engine room;

Fig. 8 is a vertical cross-section through the hull according to the invention of Fig. 7 along the line VII-VII;
35

Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of a loading

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and unloading device for a hull according to the invention with a bridge or overhead crane;

Fig. 10 shows schematically a loading and unloading device for a hull according to the invention in the form of a portal crane;

11 shows a further loading and unloading device for a hull according to the invention in

the shape of a slewing crane;

Fig. 12 shows schematically the loading and unloading device 11 in an embodiment in which worked and outside of the fuselage

can be dumped directly onto a dock;

Fig. 13 schematically illustrates a further charging and unloading device for a fuselage according to the invention with two independent

Overhead cranes;

Fig. 14 are a schematic plan view and side and FIG. 15 is a view of a modified hull according to the invention with a loading and unloading

equipment in the hull and two stern hatches served by external cranes;

Fig. 16 is a schematic side view and Fig. 17 is a plan view of another preferred embodiment of the fuselage according to the invention with a lateral stern hatch, which is supplied by an external slewing crane, and a Loading and unloading facility in the cargo area and a stern that has a ramp as access to it

the cargo space.

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As Fig.1,2 and 3 show, the inventive Hull A formed by a closed cladding, the side 1 and deck 2 of which have no openings, which could affect the mechanical strength of the hull.

The bow 3 accommodates a front storage room 4 which is separated by a bulkhead 4 ¹ , while the stern 5 accommodates an engine room 6. The forecastle is on a superstructure 7 on deck 2.

The engine room 6 is separated from the cargo hold B by a bulkhead 6 '.

According to the invention, the hold B of the freighter hull extends 1 and 2 continuously from the bulkhead 6 'of the engine room 6 in the stern to the bulkhead 4 'of storage room 4 in the bow, leaving a single room arises, which runs both over the entire length and width and in particular over the entire the inner width of the trunk expands and can absorb load.

In the example of Fig.1,2 and 3, this load is through '5 standard containers formed, which are indicated schematically and not to scale. These indicated as rectangles As can be seen from the drawing, containers take up practically the entire interior of hold B a.

30th

To subdivide for reasons of safety and stiffening of the hull A is on the floor B 'of the hold B a number of bulkheads 9 are provided, the height of which is less than the height of the trunk between the ground and the underside of the deck 2, so that according to an essential feature of the invention in the loading

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room B an upper free room B '' is created, which is without interruptions from the bulkhead 4 'of the front storage space to the loading and unloading area 10 in the rear 5 of the trunk extends. This loading and unloading area 10 allows parking of a self-propelled vehicle Truck that can enter through a watertight gate 11, which at its upper edge in a suitable Way is pivotably mounted on the structure of the fuselage A.

In the loading and unloading area 10, the load is transferred from the vehicle to the ship or vice versa. For this purpose, the stern of the ship is provided with an access platform 12, which can be raised Ramp 13 is connected, which is in its operating position with the free end on a dock 22 of the port.

According to a further feature of the invention, the upper, free area B ¹ 'of the loading space B has a loading and unloading device C, which is designed such that its working area extends over the entire floor of the loading space B and over the surface of the loading and unloading Unloading area 10 extends. Therefore, according to the invention, the loading and unloading of vehicles which are in the loading and unloading area 10 can be carried out with the aid of the loading and unloading device C of the loading space B without the need for loading devices of the respective port.

In the case of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3, there is the loading and unloading device C from a bridge crane of known type, which with the help of mutual vertical Movements covers the entire loading area of loading space B and the entire loading and unloading area 10. It however, any other suitable loading and unloading device C can also be used. Some examples

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are to be explained with reference to FIGS. 9 to 13. FIG.

To stow the standard containers mentioned in connection with FIGS. 1 and 3, the loading space B is ^{equipped in the upper area with known brackets 9 1} , which consist of angle iron, which are connected in a suitable manner to the floor of loading space B and in a grid accordingly the outer dimensions of the container are distributed so that the brackets 9 ^{1 form} a number of corner guides and supports for the container, which are stacked in layers on top of each other.

The advantages of the solution according to the invention and in particular the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 are readily apparent. The main advantages are as follows:

The fuselage is closed, so that the strength of the cross-section is particularly favorable because the material is distributed in scope.

There are numerous openings for hatches and their covers omitted.

5 There are no containers on the deck so they do not have to be lashed down.

All containers are carried below deck, so that their life is extended and their condition is improved. 30th

The ship is very stable and has considerable dynamic stability even in spite of the low metacenter.

Although the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3 described above is very suitable for transporting standard

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Containers, their use is not limited to this type of load. Rather, can with the same benefits other types of loads are conveyed, as indicated schematically in FIGS. 4 to 6. 5

According to the schematic cross-section of FIG. 4, the floor B ^{1 of} the hold B has two superimposed, removable decks 14, each of which comprises, for example, a number of removable panels 15 which lie with one longitudinal edge on a central support 16 which extends over the entire length Cargo space B can extend, while the opposite longitudinal edges lie on free edges of catwalks 17 inside the fuselage A.

15th

For the sake of simplicity, the loading and unloading device C, which represents part of the loading space B, is shown in FIG. 4, 5 and 6 omitted. Appropriate means for stowing different loads on decks 14 can be can easily be selected.

The embodiment of Figure 5 is also used to transport loads, but decks 18 are provided in the form of folding decks, which are pivotably attached to two 5 opposite longitudinal bulkheads 19 or other suitable support devices that extend over the entire length of the floor B ^{1 of} the Hold B extend.

6 shows a fuselage A according to the invention for transportation of bulk solids.

7 and 8 show schematically a device according to the invention Hull with two holds B1 and B2, which are separated from one another by a central engine room 6. As can be seen from Fig.7, which is a longitudinal section through

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corresponds to the hull A ', the rear cargo space B1 comprises the space between a bulkhead 20' of a rear storage room 20 and the rear bulkhead 6 ^{11 of} the engine room 6. The front cargo space B2 extends from the front bulkhead 6 'of the engine room 6 to the bulkhead 4 'of the front storage space 4. The two cargo spaces B1 and B2 correspond essentially to the cargo space B of the hull A of FIGS. 1 to 3. The only difference is that the front part of the cargo space B2 has a storage space 21 for various loads, which is provided with a hydraulic lifting device 36, which facilitates the handling of these loads within the cargo space, as can be seen from the cross section of FIG. 15th

9 to 13 show different types of loading and unloading devices C, according to the invention in the upper Area B ″ of the hold B of a ship's hull according to the invention can be attached Unloading devices comprise a bridge crane 23 of a known type according to FIG. 9 or a gantry crane 24 according to FIG Fig. 10. Fig. 11 shows a loading and unloading device C in the form of a slewing or slewing crane 25, which in the example of FIG. 12 is designed in such a way that it can pass through an opening 26 in the side of the fuselage A. Can transfer loads to the dock 22. 13 shows an embodiment with two bridge cranes 27 and 28, which work independently of one another and are supported on a central bulkhead or supports 2 9. Everyone who The cranes of FIGS. 9 to 13 run over the entire length of the respective loading space B. The drive is preferably carried out with the help of electric motors powered by the ship's electrical system, however can be connected to the power supply of the dock 22.

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The hull A according to the invention according to FIGS no openings in the sides or deck 2. Although such a construction is preferable, can in both sides of the hull or in deck 2 access openings for those to be transported through the ship Loads to be provided. Numerous modifications are possible. 14 and 15 schematically show the stern area of a cargo ship which has two hatches 30 above the loading and unloading area 31. Every hatch 30 is provided with a loading arm 32, which in a known manner with the loading and unloading device C inside of hold B of the ship cooperates. In this example, the work area covers the loading and The unloading device C also unloads the loading and unloading area 31.

The hull A according to the invention according to FIGS. 16 and 17 has on deck a side hatch 33 with a loading arm 34 which can be moved over the deck. Also in this Case, the loading and unloading device C, which supplies the loading space B, a work area that extends over a loading and unloading area 35 below the side hatch 33.

5, the invention is modified in many ways as long as the basic features of the invention are present, that is, at least one loading space, the at least ^ο: occupying NEN part of the volume of the hull, and from whom _ι: least in its upper area immediately below the main deck, which extends essentially continuously over the entire inner length and width of the hull corresponding to the cargo space, has at least one loading and unloading device which can be moved in translation over the entire floor of the cargo space. The fuselage is provided with at least one opening that allows the load to enter the loading

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Space permitted and can be closed by a removable lock.

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Claims (29)

MEfHM - MÜLLER -STEINMEISTER almond 1 y Claims Hull for cargo ships, characterized by at least one hold (B), which occupies at least part of the volume of the trunk (A) and which at least in the upper area immediately below a main deck (2) essentially continuously over the entire width and inner length of the hull corresponding to the hold at least one loading and unloading device (C) which is translationally displaceable at least over the entire floor of the cargo space (B) is, and through at least one opening in the hull for introducing the load, which is with a removable Closure (11) is provided. 2. Fuselage according to claim 1, characterized in that at least in the part of the Hull (A), which corresponds to the hold (B), the hull through a discontinuous outer jacket is formed. 3. Fuselage according to claim 1, characterized in that at least that part of the The fuselage, which corresponds to the cargo space, is provided with at least one load inlet opening. 4. Fuselage according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at least one of the the load-bearing openings within the working area of the loading and unloading device (C) of the hold (B) is provided. 5. Hull according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the openings (30,33) for receiving the 709833/0239 ORIGINAL INSPECTED TT-: n MEHR-MÜLLER-STEINMEISTER Load within the working area of at least one second loading and unloading device (32,34> is provided. 6. Hull according to claim 3, characterized in that the opening for receiving the Load is provided with a hermetically sealing, pivotable gate (11). 7. Fuselage according to claim 6, characterized in that the gate (11) in the stern (5) of the Fuselage (A) is arranged and a hermetic division between a loading and unloading area (10) forms within the hull and an access platform (12) on deck. 8. Hull according to claim 7, characterized in that the access platform (12) on Deck is assigned to the stern (5) of the hull. 20th 9. Hull according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the access platform (12) is connected to a swiveling ramp (13) on the deck. 25th 10. Fuselage according to claim 7, characterized in that the loading and unloading area (10) of the hold (B) is designed as a parking area for self-propelled trucks and within the range of the path of the loading and unloading device (C) of the loading space is arranged. 11. Hull according to claim 3, characterized in that the opening for receiving the load is designed as a hatch (30, 33) with a removable cover in the deck of the ship. 709833/0239 γππ μ! λ>: π- müller-stcinmeisthr Mandelli 12. Hull according to one of claims 5 to 11, characterized characterized in that the hatch (30,33) is within the working area of at least a loading and unloading device (32, 34) mounted on the deck of the hull is arranged. 13. Fuselage according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Cargo space (B) essentially continuous over the entire free space within the hull (A) extends so that the width of the hold corresponds essentially to the inner width of the hull and that the length of the hold is equal to the distance between the bulkheads of the front storage room and the engine room is in the stern. 14. Fuselage according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the space within the fuselage is divided into two cargo spaces (B1, B2), the front of which is substantially continuous over the entire space between bulkheads of the front storage room (4) and the Machine room (6) and the second thereof runs essentially continuously between the rear bulkhead ( ^6-11 ) of the machine room and a bulkhead of a rear storage room (20). 15. Hull according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the inner space of the hull is divided by at least one watertight bulkhead (9) which extends from the bottom (B ¹ ) to the deck and forms at least two holds that ⁽¹ B ') are provided with loading and unloading equipment (C) respectively in the upper free region and each of which has at least one opening for receiving load. _V ii.r>. viuLLi ^ n- STiHiNMEiSTER Mandelli 16. Hull according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the interior of the hold by a number of transverse bulkheads (9) in the lower area of the hold in Departments is divided. 17. Fuselage according to claim 16, characterized in that at least one of the departments is provided with a number of conventional storage facilities for stowing standard containers. 18. Fuselage according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the space within the loading space (B) by a number of removable panels (15, 18) in a number of superimposed ones Decks is divided. 19. Hull according to claim 18, characterized in that the floor area of the hold a number of supports (16,19) which extend in the longitudinal direction of the trunk and in different Heights a number of means for supporting the inner edges of the removable panels (15,18), the opposite edges of which on support devices (17) on longitudinal catwalks rest on the inner surface of the fuselage at the same height as the supports. 20. Fuselage according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the interior has two longitudinal bulkheads (19) within the cargo hold (B), which are at different heights with facilities are provided for supporting cover plates (18) which have joints in the longitudinal direction and their an edge on these devices for supporting or the edges of longitudinal catwalks 7 0 9 8 3 3 / Π 2 3 9 TEΠ M'I ^ n-MÜLLER-ST'üNM ^ ISTER the inner wall of the fuselage are mounted, while the opposite edges in the flat state of the deck panels rest on support devices on the other side.
5 21. Fuselage according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the lower Part of the cargo space as a receiving space for bulk goods is trained. 10 22. Fuselage according to claim 14, characterized in that the front cargo space (B2) is adjacent has a general load space with a lifting device (36) at the bow of the fuselage, whose work area extends through a hatch in the main deck. 23. Hull according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the loading and unloading device (C) in the free upper region (B ¹ ') of the loading space (B) comprises a bridge crane (23), the carrier of which in the longitudinal direction of the hull is movable. 5 24. Hull according to claim 23, characterized in that g e k e η η, that the bridge crane (23) is provided with at least one elongated trolley which Has means for carrying a load and is movable in the longitudinal direction. 30th 25. Fuselage according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the loading and unloading device in the free upper space of the loading space (B) comprises two bridge cranes (27,28), the Beams can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage and are supported on a central support (29) in 709833/0239 the cargo space at one end and on a support device in the longitudinal direction on the inner surface of the Slidably support the fuselage at the other end. 26. Hull according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the loading and the unloading device (C) in the free upper area of the loading space (B) comprises a gantry crane (24). 27. Fuselage according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the loading and unloading device (C) in the upper free area of the loading space (B) at least one swivel or Revolving crane (25) which is attached to a bracket that extends in the longitudinal direction of the fuselage an inner surface of the fuselage is movable. 28. Fuselage according to claim 26, characterized in that the working area of the rotary crane (25) extends out of the fuselage through an opening (26) that can be closed in a watertight manner. 29. Fuselage according to claim 12, characterized in that the loading and unloading device device (C) is designed on deck as a conventional lifting device. 709833/0239