DE20118183U1 - Power heat system for dwellings and vehicles, uses heat from air compression compressed air drives and wind and solar energy sources - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for producing and using compressed air power and heat generates energy directly in dwellings and in vehicles. Waste heat in air compression is led to a hot water store to heat an energy tower (1) in the building which can also use wind and solar power. Pressure tanks feed compressed air motors and generators.

Description

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Description

Power - heat - system through environmentally friendly use of natural resources and extensive use of renewable energies.

Since the oil crisis at the beginning of the 1970s, many efforts have been made to sustainably improve plants for generating heat or power in terms of efficiency and environmental compatibility and to make greater use of so-called "renewable energies" (in particular the natural resources wind and sun) to generate heat and power.

The reasons for this are well known. The stocks of fuels used for combustion (coal, oil, gas) will run out in the coming decades. Furthermore, the side effects such as combustion gases and waste heat from processes have become very serious problems, as the discussions about the greenhouse effect, global warming, exhaust emissions and health damage show.

Nuclear power plants, which were developed at great expense, also pose enormous risks in operation and disposal, which is why the use of this technology is declining sharply.

The various developments over the last 30 years show the following status:

1) The use of fossil fuels has been significantly improved: ~ higher efficiency of the plants

&mdash; Reduction of exhaust emissions

~ Combined heat and power (current focus)

2) As an alternative to the combustion engine, the so-called fuel cell has been under development for almost three decades as a replacement for the combustion engine.

3) The use of wind energy has made great progress (wind turbines with an output of over 1 MW are now technically feasible)

4) The use of solar energy to generate heat and/or electricity is currently experiencing a real boom.

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Unfortunately, from a global perspective, it must be acknowledged that the hoped-for results have not yet been achieved.

While some industrialized countries can point to positive aspects, the problems described above are now assuming threatening proportions, particularly in developing countries. Exhaust fumes from combustion in industry, traffic and homes not only threaten the climate but are also increasingly causing massive health problems.

Unexpected problems also arise when using renewable energies. For example, in Germany it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain permits for large wind turbines because of increasing resistance among the population to such plants.

As far as fuel cells are concerned, even in 30 years we have not progressed beyond a few test vehicles.

Overall, the concept of replacing combustion engines with fuel cells must be seriously questioned (see also the study by the Federal Environment Agency), since the main problems of fuel cells have not yet been solved, such as:

&mdash; Production of the required amount of hydrogen

&mdash; Transport and storage of this medium and any losses that may occur

&mdash; Emissions

-- Risk of explosion, risk of icing for passengers in the event of an accident

&mdash; high expenditure of material and energy for the production of high-performance cells ~ disposal of process waste water at outside temperatures below freezing ~ concentration of process waste water in urban centres, e.g. large cities

&mdash; INPUT - OUTPUT - Energy balance is completely unsatisfactory, since much more energy has to be expended on construction and operation than is generated in useful energy.

—The fuel cell is too complicated and too expensive, especially for third world countries.

In addition, the current technical systems for using wind and solar energy deliver far too small amounts of energy per unit in view of the huge demands of industry, transport and housing.

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Another major problem with the use of so-called "renewable energies" is the effective, loss-free storage of the energy obtained from them. This is particularly the case when converting these renewable energies into electrical energy. Furthermore, the inconsistent supply of energy from the sun, wind and light due to seasonal and climatic conditions must be taken into account.

The solution to these problems can therefore only lie in a completely new development, which involves a globally applicable, environmentally friendly, holistic combined heat and power system that is simple and cost-effective and does not require the use of fossil fuels, nuclear power or fuel cells.

Particular attention must be paid to ensuring that when power is generated, if it is accompanied by heat (as is the case with combustion engines, for example), the resulting power and heat are used in appropriate proportions, as otherwise the environment could be severely polluted.

A typical example of this is the car. About 70% of the energy fed into the system is converted into heat and about 30% into power, with the heat portion being released into the environment almost entirely unused.

The NEW POWER HEAT SYSTEM is briefly outlined below. The actual focus of this development is the new interaction of the system components for generating power and heat with the new applications and uses in the areas of transport and housing. The focus of the invention is therefore the interaction of the individual system components for generating and using power and heat, whereby previous types of generating and using power and heat energy were modified and, where this was not possible, completely redeveloped.

Even taking into account that the modified or newly developed system components can largely be used on their own, the focus of the invention is

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according to innovation in the interaction of these system components/elements in the presented NEW POWER - HEAT - SYSTEM.

The new system according to the invention uses almost exclusively the substances air and water, which are available on earth in huge quantities, as well as solar energy.

The new combined heat and power system is based on 5 ideas:

1. Basic idea

The first basic idea of this combined heat and power system is to generate the POWER via compressed air, which can be easily stored, and to use the HEAT generated during the production of the compressed air to heat residential buildings and to prepare hot water by generating the compressed air directly in these residential buildings or in their immediate vicinity.

However, this idea remains at least with regard to the use of waste heat from compressed air generation for the (partial) heating of industrial buildings at the current state of the art as long as the possibilities of a combination of power and heat using exclusively the environmentally friendly materials air and water as well as solar energy are not systematically exploited and in the new type of interaction according to the invention.

2. Basic idea

The second basic idea of the invention involves the use of the compressed air generated in the residential buildings to drive preferably vehicles but also machines, which are supplied with compressed air directly from the compressed air tanks present in the houses.

This means that compressors, for example in residential buildings, generate compressed air, which is then

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appropriate containers inside or outside these buildings. The resulting process waste heat is used to heat the buildings and/or to prepare hot water or to increase the pressure in the storage tanks.

The idea of driving vehicles with compressed air is certainly not new. However, there are significant problems with this. In particular, the energy potential of even air under high pressure is not sufficient to drive vehicles over long distances or in the mountains for long periods of time. This problem is solved by the fourth and fifth basic ideas.

In any case, the advantages of the solutions outlined in basic ideas 1 and 2 must be noted:

The heat that is currently being released into the environment from the waste heat of gasoline engines is used optimally by reversing the processes. Pollutant emissions from combustion are avoided. The energy balance (input - output comparison) of motor vehicles is significantly improved. Improvements in the range of 50% - 80% compared to the current state are conceivable, since compressed air-powered vehicles generally require considerably less energy than comparable vehicles powered by combustion fuel. In addition, these vehicles are considerably cheaper to manufacture (see basic idea 4). Furthermore, the heating of residential buildings in the previously dominant way via the combustion of oil and gas is no longer necessary.

There are no installation costs and no significant energy costs for the residents, as the high proportion of energy losses from vehicles (approx. 70% unused waste heat) and the existing heating systems in residential buildings (approx. 20% for new systems up to 40% for older systems) are eliminated

3. Basic idea

The third basic idea consists in the inventive new “energy tower,” which converts solar radiation and wind into heat, electricity and compressed air and which is arranged individually or in groups on the house or in its vicinity.

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Here, on a vertical axis inside the tower, there is a wind turbine with blades, preferably made of vertical I-profiles (high wind resistance), which can be blown against from several sides and drives a thermally insulated air compressor. There are inlet shafts on the tower, which taper in cross-section from the outside to the inside, and which feed the wind air flow to the wind turbine in an orderly manner and at high speed, passing through baffles.

These inlet shafts are equipped with solar cells (photovoltaics) on the inside, whereby the cross-sectional tapering of the inlet shafts leads to the light density of the incoming sunlight increasing from the outside to the inside, provided that the walls, floors and ceilings of the shafts and baffles are designed to be highly reflective.

In general, the fact that in Central Europe the wind mostly blows from the west or east with the main direction being southwest is advantageously exploited, so that the inlet shafts on the tower can be aligned to optimize radiation with regard to the photovoltaic cells, whereby the bottoms of the shafts can have different angles of inclination.

The roof of this tower is covered on both sides with a very dark-colored coating and serves as an absorption surface for sunlight, with a large part of the absorbed heat being radiated inwards into the tower.

The "energy tower" also serves to store heated air, which is led there from the walls of the house, the roof of the house and possibly also the inlet shafts of the energy tower. The walls and roof of the house as well as the inlet shafts are designed with two shells for this purpose, with the condition that the air can enter between these two shells at the bottom and, when heated, due to the heating of the outer shell (wall cladding, roof covering) under solar radiation, can then rise unhindered up to the roof of the energy tower, where it is sucked in by the air compressors.

The energy tower therefore provides the following forms of energy:

Hot compressed air,
electricity,
Thermal energy,

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If we now assume that sufficient power, i.e. compressed air energy, can certainly be generated in the home, since the compressors required for this can be driven by combustion engines and/or electric motors, the following questions remain unanswered:

Is enough heat generated - especially in winter or in cold areas?

What happens to any excess heat that can quickly occur in summer or in hot areas?

How is compressed air supplied to non-stationary machines, especially vehicles, since it is well known that they cannot be connected to a mains network like stationary machines?

Since the latter aspect raises by far the most questions, it will now be dealt with in more detail.

Since vehicles have to cover long distances and/or climb inclines without being able to replenish the compressed air supply, despite the spatial limitations of the compressed air supply, all vehicles must be designed differently than before.

4. Basic idea

The fourth basic idea is that in vehicles, only the rolling resistance between the road and the wheel can be considered as energy loss with regard to the movement of the vehicle, as well as the heating of the passenger compartment due to the necessary ventilation. All other energy losses in and on the vehicle (air resistance, gradient resistance, mechanical losses, waste heat) must therefore be reduced or avoided as much as possible. Where this is not possible, the corresponding energy must be fed back into the vehicle.

This means:

The drive unit must be located on or in the wheel to keep mechanical losses to a minimum. This drive unit should be operated directly with compressed air and should preferably be a rotary piston engine or a four-blade two-cell engine.

When braking, this drive unit becomes a compressor, i.e. the kinetic energy from the acceleration of the vehicle through its own drive or through conversion from potential energy is fed back into the vehicle. The heat generated during compression is used directly in the vehicle, e.g. to increase the operating pressure in the accumulators and/or to heat the passenger compartment.

Wherever it is structurally impossible to create vehicle bodies with an extremely low drag coefficient (cw value), e.g. in the case of trucks, wind turbines with downstream compressors or generators should be installed in the relevant wind attack areas. This allows a significant amount of the drag energy to be recovered. The air flow determines the vehicle layout and layout.

The driver and front passenger as well as the passengers sitting further back should preferably be surrounded on the outside by compressed air tanks, which can then also take over the function of airbags.

Based on these design specifications, with a possible volume of compressed air storage of 5-7 cbm in a large car / van, very respectable results can be achieved in terms of kilometers driven without "refueling".

On the other hand, the vehicles should not be too long and should be able to operate for several hours without a break. The energy supply in the vehicle's compressed air storage is too low for this. Energy must therefore be supplied during the journey.

There are various methods available for this. For example, the vehicle can be equipped with many batteries, which are charged before the journey begins. These batteries can then drive small high-performance compressors, release their energy to heat the compressed air or feed additional electric motors.

Furthermore, a small gasoline engine and/or fuel cells can also be provided to obtain the required or desired additional energy.

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All of these processes are known, some of them only from study objects that have not yet had much practical relevance. This also applies to solar drives.

The major disadvantage of these processes is that the batteries, as well as a gasoline engine or a fuel cell, add considerable additional weight, cost money and are not safe to manufacture and/or dispose of, or even pollute the environment through exhaust gases.

Therefore, other approaches must be taken to solve this problem.

5. Basic idea

The vehicles contain one or more small high-pressure chambers which are fed with compressed air from the storage tanks and into which additional solid or liquid substances are introduced in such a way that these substances change their state of aggregation very quickly through the supply of pressure and/or heat without combustion by changing into the gaseous state and thereby causing a considerable increase in pressure in the high-pressure chamber.

The materials used must be environmentally neutral in terms of production and disposal, cost-effective and of small volume so as not to increase the weight of the vehicles unduly.

One such substance could be ammonium nitrate. This substance is made from air and water and very quickly changes into a gaseous state at around 170 - 200 °C. This gas can be easily rendered harmless because it breaks down into oxygen and nitrogen, the main components of our air, at temperatures above 300 °C. Ammonium nitrate becomes a highly effective explosive when suddenly heated or subjected to pressure. On the other hand, the above-mentioned process of gas production is very easy to control, which also applies to the transport and storage of the basic material. After all, ammonium nitrate has been used in large quantities as an essential component in fertilizers for decades.

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Another possibility is to cause a controlled explosion in the high-pressure chambers or in additional detonation or shock tubes, which increases the working pressure of the vehicle directly or via pressure cylinders that are arranged in or on the shock tube for this purpose. To do this, dust and/or liquids, preferably made from renewable materials, e.g. wood dust, are introduced into the high-pressure chamber or shock tube, to which energy is then supplied from the outside via heat and/or pressure in order to cause the controlled explosions.

This process makes it possible to use so-called "hybrid mixtures", whereby the dust or liquids can be ignited at a much lower temperature by introducing small amounts (approx. 5%) of combustible gases, e.g. biogas. Redox reactions are also conceivable for this, e.g. in combination with hydrogen.

Now that it is technically possible to adapt compressed air-powered vehicles to the demands of modern traffic, the questions of the heat balance of the new combined heat and power system with regard to the "INPUT" of the residential building in question still remain to be clarified.

Case 1) The generation and/or use of compressed air produces too little heat.

Here, the compressor drive can first be designed to release as much heat as possible, e.g. by using a combustion engine fed with hydrogen or otherwise by providing a device for exhaust gas scrubbing, which delivers considerably more waste heat than, for example, an electric motor.

You can also use electricity from the mains network, install large hot water tanks or install an additional heat source in the house, such as an open fireplace.

Case 2) What do you do if too much waste heat is generated?

If it is not possible to feed this excess heat into a district heating system, then it should first be fed into a large hot water tank and/or

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Use drive motors for the compressor which themselves generate only a small amount of waste heat, e.g. electric motors.

If this is not sufficient and the excess heat is large enough, then it can be worthwhile to generate power from the heat again by cooling the compressor with oil and using the heated oil to generate steam via a suitable heat exchanger or to heat compressed air, from which electricity can then be generated via appropriate generators.

In summary, the following targeted interaction of the individual elements of the NEW POWER - HEAT - SYSTEM results:

The primary compressor in the house generates compressed air, which is cooled and fed into pressure tanks, which are also located in or next to the house. The waste heat from the compressed air generation is fed into a hot water tank to heat the house (preferably via an air heating system) and to prepare hot water, and in particular to increase the pressure in small compressed air-filled tanks, which feed compressed air motors that drive generators to generate electricity. The waste heat losses from the devices are fed back into the system via the air intake of the compressors.

This interaction makes it possible to compensate for excess heat or a lack of heat when generating compressed air.

Too much heat:

The pressure increase caused by the waste heat being introduced into the small pressure storage tanks is used to generate electricity via a compressed air motor with a downstream generator, e.g. for feeding into the power grid. Heat can also be used to increase the temperature in the hot water storage tank.

Too little heat: The compressor produces more compressed air and therefore more heat. The extra compressed air is stored or used to generate electricity via the compressed air motor.

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The compressed air storage systems are used to supply residents' private vehicles in particular, with the vehicles being modified accordingly for compressed air operation via wheel motors with integrated brakes (compressors), high-pressure chambers to increase the operating pressure and wind turbines to use flow energies such as the airstream and the exhaust air from the wheel motors. In contrast to previous vehicles, the entire drive train consisting of the engine with starter, clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, axle gear as well as the entire braking system, the tank with fuel pump and the exhaust system with silencers and catalytic converter are no longer required.

Now the only question that remains is how the primary compressor in the house should be powered.
In principle, there are several options for this:

1) First of all, you can use the combustion engine from the car and install it on the boiler instead of the oil heating burner and additionally use the waste heat from this engine.

This would already correspond to the basic idea of making qualified use of the waste heat that is generated when the pressure force is generated in the combustion engine of current vehicles.

On the other hand, the engine also produces exhaust gases, which must be cleaned via a catalyst or a so-called exhaust gas scrubber.

2) Another possibility is to use an electric motor, which can preferably be operated at night in low load mode at low electricity rates (0.18 DM/kWh instead of 0.25 DM/KWh).

This solution has the undeniable advantage that no exhaust gases are produced in the house. On the other hand, this would only make sense if the electricity fed into the grid could also be generated in an environmentally friendly way.

Unfortunately, this is not yet the case today. The vast majority of electricity comes from nuclear power plants, coal-fired power plants, gas and heavy oil power plants, where the efficiency

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degree below 40% is the ratio between the energy used and the electrical energy generated.

It should also be noted that nuclear power plants are due to be shut down in the next 20-30 years. In this respect, it certainly does not make sense to obtain even greater amounts of electrical energy from the power plants, even if this is done during the off-peak period (9 p.m. - 6 a.m.).

From this perspective, a combustion engine with exhaust gas purification would be the better solution, especially since the use of fuel is greatly reduced by the NEW - COMBINATION - HEAT - SYSTEM if you add up the house (heating oil) and the car (petrol/diesel). But this reduces the extent of the problems, but does not solve them!

The best solution is therefore certainly to drive the primary compressor in the house via an electric motor whose electricity is generated from the use of renewable energies, since this produces heat and power in approximately the same proportions as they are used.

3) The new energy tower according to the invention is used to supply the energy for the electric motor drive of the primary compressor.

This energy tower is known to supply electricity, heat and heated compressed air from the conversion of solar and wind energy.

The wind turbine supplies heated compressed air via an insulated air compressor, whereby the intake air can already be preheated by using the waste heat from the walls and roofs of the house and the energy tower.

When there is strong sunlight, which is often accompanied by little wind, the photovoltaic cells in the energy tower are activated, which supply electricity to an electric motor, which in turn drives a small compressor (tertiary compressor), which sucks in the air heated by the sunlight and thus also provides heated compressed air.

However, as already mentioned, these energies are not generated simultaneously or continuously. It is therefore essential that the NEW - COMBINED HEAT - SYSTEM contains appropriate storage facilities, namely for compressed air and hot water, in order to ensure the optimal interaction of the

System components and thus to ensure the security of supply with HEAT and POWER.

On the input side, the primary compressor initially only has heated compressed air available but no electricity to feed the electric motor so that the available air can also be compressed.

When the entire system is initially charged or when there is a very large amount of compressed air from the energy tower (strong wind), this heated compressed air is fed via the coolers of the primary compressor directly into the compressed air storage tanks, which are otherwise fed by the primary compressor.
The waste heat and the remaining compressed air are now used as follows:

A portion of the cooled compressed air is fed from the storage tank into small pressure tanks, to which a compressed air motor with a downstream generator is connected. The pressure in these pressure tanks is increased using the waste heat obtained before this compressed air energy is finally used to generate electricity.

The compressed air motor is controlled in such a way that electricity is continuously provided, which is now

a) can be used as household electricity,

b) supplies the electric motor of the primary compressor,

c) can be fed into the public electricity grid.

This process has enormous advantages over previous systems for converting wind energy or solar energy into electricity, since there is usually no continuous supply of electricity, which causes considerable problems and, above all, costs when feeding it into the public power grid!

As a rule, however, the primary compressor has the main task of supplying the compressed air for operation

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of the vehicles.

Since only oil-free compressors are used, preferably with reversed-polarity rotary piston engines (or the new four-blade two-cell engines according to the invention), very high temperatures can be permitted at the compressor outlet. The creation of these high temperatures (up to approx. 400 ⁰ C) is facilitated by the primary compressor sucking in the heated compressed air provided by the energy tower.

This high temperature of the compressed air is now cooled as follows until it enters the compressed air storage tank:

1. Heating of the compressed air in the pressure tanks

2. Heating the water in the hot water tank

3. additional heating of the intake air for the secondary compressor and the tertiary compressor.

It should be noted in this context that the energy tower can be automatically defrosted in winter if necessary using this system by directing part of the heated compressed air into the double-shell inlet shafts.

In the course of these discussions, a question now comes to the fore:

What can the energy tower actually do?

For this purpose, a feasibility study was prepared for the location 57627 Hachenburg in the Westerwald.

This study shows that the energy tower on the roof of a residential building with a floor area of 10 m x 12 m can provide so much power that the entire energy demand (electricity, heating, hot water, compressed air car) for this house and another residential building of the same size can be covered!

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At this point it seems advisable to once again examine the ecological balance of the NEW COMBINED HEAT SYSTEM. To do this, the new system according to the invention is compared with the corresponding previous combined heat and power system.

previous system:

&mdash; gigantic, unused amounts of waste heat from vehicles and especially from older heating systems,

— Wasting of non-renewable fossil fuels on an unimaginable scale,

— emissions of pollutants from combustion (which have been laboriously reduced at trillions of dollars and so far only regionally),

&mdash; highly complicated/technical systems which are very expensive and require enormous natural resources and enormous amounts of energy to produce,

— Exclusion of entire peoples and countries from the “benefit” of these (inhumane) high-tech developments, because the machines and/or energy sources required are unaffordable.

NEW POWER HEAT SYSTEM:

&mdash; environmentally friendly,

&mdash; simple structure,

&mdash; technically mostly undemanding,

&mdash; also affordable for people in the "Third World"

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An embodiment of the NEW POWER HEAT SYSTEM according to the invention is given in the following descriptions and drawings:

Show it:

Figure 1: The house with the energy tower in the top view Figure 2: The house with the energy tower in the view (vertical section) Figure 3: Wind turbine, solar cells and inlet shafts (horizontal section) Figure 4: The operating principle of the new combined heat and power system, part I Figure 5: The operating principle of the new combined heat and power system, part II Figure 6: Supply shaft in the house (horizontal section) Figure 7: Design principle of the new, compressed air-powered vehicles (side view) Figure 8: Design principle of the new, compressed air-powered vehicles (view from below) Figure 9: Operating principle of the four-blade two-cell engine

Explanations for Figure 1: The residential building with the energy tower in top view You can see the roof (1) of the energy tower and the inlet shafts (2) on the tower, which

Wind and sunlight are transmitted into the interior of the energy tower.

The wind exits again on the north side of the house (3).

Also visible are a roof terrace (4), the roof (5) itself and other roof areas (6),

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which are designed with two shells to transfer the absorption heat from solar radiation via the air.

Explanations for Figure 2: The house with the energy tower in the view (vertical section)

You can see the residential building with the integrated energy tower and the technical facilities of the NEW - COMBINATION - HEAT - SYSTEM.

On the house you can see the air gap (19) for the supply air (9), the absorption roof (1) of the energy tower, the heat-absorbing roof (5) and the heat-absorbing walls

The house contains the wind turbine (8) of the energy tower with the inlet shafts (2) and the secondary compressor (10), as well as the tertiary compressor (12), the compressed air storage tank (11) and the chamber with heated intake air (7).

In the garage is the compressed air-powered car (14), which is connected via the connections (15) and

(16) is supplied with compressed air (200 - 300 bar or 30 - 60 bar).

Under the garage is the equipment room for supplying the house and the car. You can see the large compressed air reservoir (23), the high-pressure reservoir (20), the hot water reservoir (22) as well as the primary compressor with motor and cooling equipment (26), the compressed air motor (24), which is fed from the reservoir (21), and the power generator (25).

All heat-conducting devices and components are thermally insulated (17).

The building is supplied with heat and water via the supply shaft (13), which can also accommodate the pipes to and from the energy tower.

Explanations for Figure 3: Wind turbine, solar cells and inlet shafts (horizontal section)

The air flow of the wind (33) and the rays of sunlight (32) reach the blades (29) of the wind turbine (8) and the solar cells (28) via the inlet shafts (2) with the help of the guide plates (27). The air speed increased by the cross-sectional constriction (31) is either dammed up on the blades (29) of the wind turbine (8) and/or released as a recoil via the nozzles (30).

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Explanations for Figure 4: The operating principle of the new combined heat and power system, Part I

Under the influence of the sun (32), the absorption roof (1) of the energy tower heats up and radiates heat. The sunlight enters the tower via the inlet shafts (2) and activates the solar cells (28). At the same time, the rest of the roof (5, 6) of the house and its walls (18) also heat up. The supply air (9) is heated and rises up under the roof (1,7) of the energy tower from where it is sucked in by the secondary compressor (10), which is driven by the wind turbine (8), which converts the wind energy (33) flowing in via the inlet shafts (2) into torque, and by the tertiary compressor (12), which is driven by a DC motor (34).

The hot compressed air generated is stored in the accumulator (11), which delivers it to the primary compressor (35) or directly to other accumulators (20, 23) as required.

If the absorption roof (1) of the energy tower and/or the roof (5) and the walls (18) do not emit sufficient heat, the intake air for the secondary compressor (10) or the tertiary compressor (12) is first guided via the cooling device (38) of the primary compressor (35).

Explanations for Figure 5: The operating principle of the new combined heat and power system, Part II

The hot compressed air (47) from the reservoir (11) is available as intake air to the primary compressor (35), which is driven by an electric motor (39), or is fed directly into the compressed air reservoirs (20) or (23).

Before feeding, this compressed air (47), as well as the compressed air from the primary compressor

(35) but cooled to 20° -40 ⁰ C.

This is done via three cooling stages, the first of which (36) cools in the high temperature range and feeds the heat energy to increase the pressure in pressure tanks (21), which were previously fed with cold air from the storage tank (23).

The second cooling stage (37) heats the cold water (44) and feeds it as hot water into the hot water tank (22).

The third cooling stage (38) heats the intake air (49) coming from the energy tower (48) from the secondary compressor (10) and tertiary compressor (12), whereby additional supply air (9) is fed in

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The compressed air from the compressed air tank (21) is fed to a compressed air motor (24) which operates using the differential pressure method. This means that the motor (24) only uses part of the pressure from this compressed air. The remaining, still warm compressed air is fed back into the pressure reservoir (11) via the line (43) so that no waste heat gets into the ambient air.

The compressed air motor (24) drives a generator (25), which supplies household electricity (41), supplies the electric motor (39) and feeds any surplus into the public power grid (42).

The air heating (45) of the house is heated from the hot water tank (22). For this purpose, part of the heated intake air (49) of the compressors (10,12) is branched off and fed into the air heater (40).

The hot water tank (22) also ensures the hot water supply (46) of the house.

The compressed air-powered car (14) is filled with compressed air via connections (15) and (16).

Explanations for Figure 6 : Supply shaft in the residential building (horizontal section)

In the individual insulated (17) chambers of the supply shaft there is a cold water circulation (44) which is surrounded by supply air (9), a hot water circulation (46) which is surrounded by hot air (45) and the supply lines (52) of the energy tower. The heating of all living areas can now be individually controlled via control flaps (50), with absorption materials (51) promoting the heat transfer into the solid walls (53) of the supply shaft.

The supply shaft thus takes on the function of an air conditioning system, as the living areas can also be cooled via it in summer.

Explanations for Figure 7 : Design principle of the new compressed air powered vehicles

(side view)

You can see the passenger compartment (60), the trunk (62) and the tailgate (64) with the integrated pressure tank (61).
Additional pressure tanks (61) are located in the roof and floor of the vehicle as well as in the front

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Vehicle part and also between the passenger compartment (60) and the trunk (62).

The air resistance power required for driving is largely fed back into the vehicle by the wind turbines (63).

Explanations for Figure 8 : Design principle of the new compressed air powered vehicles

( View from below )

The wheel motors (66) drive the rear wheels (67) directly, while the front wheels (67) are provided with a universal joint (71).

In addition to the normal pressure tanks (61), you can see the high-pressure tank (65) and the high-pressure chambers (68), which are supplied with wood dust (69) and biogas (70) from small tanks. The wind turbines (63) primarily feed the front pressure tank (61), which uses its waste heat to heat the passenger compartment (60) and/or can increase the pressure in the other pressure tanks (61) via a direct feed.

Explanations for Figure 9 : Operating principle of the four-blade two-cell motor

The elliptical inner envelope surface (80) of the housing together with the circular outer envelope surface of the rotor (81) forms two cells (86) in which a total of four blades (82) can rotate.

When compressed air is supplied (83), at least two of these four vanes move the rotor, since the housing and rotor are largely sealed against each other at point (85).

By using an external memory from which the power is fed, it is now possible to ensure that the rotor delivers a largely constant torque, which is important for driving via wheel motors.

A "dead center position" of the motor is avoided by arranging the pressure feed (83) and the discharge of the expanded compressed air (84) in an overlapping, offset manner, so that at least two vanes are always subjected to so much pressure that no dead center position can occur.

The expanded compressed air is discharged (84) directly into the wind turbines (63) of the vehicle in order to utilize the remaining flow energy.

Claims (19)

1. System for generating and using power from compressed air and electricity as well as for generating and using heat, characterized in that the compressed air energy is generated directly in residential buildings and/or their immediate surroundings via primary ( 26 , 35 ), secondary ( 10 ) and tertiary ( 12 ) air compressors and can then preferably be used to drive vehicles ( 14 ) and machines and to generate electricity, wherein the process waste heat during the generation of compressed air is fed into hot water storage tanks ( 22 ) for heating ( 45 ) the residential buildings and for hot water preparation ( 46 ) and is used to increase the pressure in pressure tanks ( 36 , 21 ) from which compressed air motors ( 24 ) with downstream generators ( 25 ) are fed, which in turn supply household electricity ( 41 ), the electric motor ( 39 ) which drives the primary compressor ( 35 ) and feed surpluses ( 42 ) of the electricity generated into the public grid with the proviso that in the residential buildings and/or their immediate surroundings there are storage facilities ( 11 , 20 , 23 ) for compressed air from which the compressed air-powered vehicles ( 14 ) are supplied ( 15 , 16 ) and preferably the compressed air tanks ( 21 ) of the compressed air motors ( 24 ) and that the entire energy for these processes comes from an energy tower which can convert wind energy ( 33 ) and solar energy ( 32 ) into compressed air energy, electricity and heat via a wind turbine ( 8 ) located in the tower with a downstream secondary compressor ( 10 ) and solar cells ( 28 ) based on photovoltaics with a connected tertiary compressor ( 12 ), whereby the waste heat from the roof ( 1 ) of the energy tower and the roofs ( 5 , 6 ) and the walls ( 18 ) of the house, which give it off under solar radiation, as well as the residual heat from the compressed air of the primary compressor, is used to preheat the intake air ( 9 , 7 ) of the secondary ( 10 ) and tertiary ( 12 ) compressors. 2. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the compressors ( 10 , 12 , 35 ) are preferably reversed-polarity rotary piston or four-blade two-cell engines and that the compressed air motors ( 24 ) which drive the generators ( 25 ) are also preferably rotary piston engines or four-blade two-cell engines. 3. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the secondary ( 10 ) and tertiary ( 12 ) compressors are part of a multi-stage compression. 4. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air-powered vehicles and machines are thermally insulated and have drive units ( 66 ), preferably rotary piston engines and/or four-blade two-cell engines, which are located directly in or on the wheels ( 67 ) of the vehicles, with the proviso that these drive units ( 66 ) work as compressors to brake the vehicle or the machine and feed the braking energy as compressed air into compressed air tanks ( 61 , 65 ) which are present in the vehicle or in/on the machine and the waste heat from this compressed air generation also remains in the vehicle to heat the passenger compartment ( 60 ) and/or to increase the pressure. 5. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that in the compressed air-powered vehicles ( 14 ) wind turbines ( 63 ) are attached to the vehicle, which drive small air compressors and/or generators to generate electricity, with the proviso that these wind turbines ( 63 ) return the drive energy expended by the air resistance of the vehicle back to the vehicle as usable energy during travel. 6. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 4-5, characterized in that the air flowing out of the engines ( 66 ) of the vehicles after expansion in turn acts on wind turbines ( 63 ) which drive generators and/or compressors. 7. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that at low operating pressure the performance of the vehicles ( 14 ) can be increased by the fact that, in addition to the said compressed air reservoirs ( 61 , 65 ), high-pressure chambers ( 68 ) are present in/on the vehicles in which additional energy is generated, whereby preferably solid and/or liquid substances are used for this purpose which, under the influence of heat and/or pressure, increase the already existing system pressure by transitioning into the gaseous state, for example ammonium nitrate. 8. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 1 and 7, characterized in that substances are used which increase the pressure directly (in the high-pressure chambers ( 68 )) or indirectly (outside the high-pressure chambers ( 68 ) via pressure cylinders) by causing controlled explosions which lead to an increase in the operating pressure, wherein preferably dusts ( 69 ) or liquids made from renewable materials are used, for example wood dust, which cause these explosions under the influence of heat and/or pressure, but so-called "hybrid mixtures" can also be used in which combustible gases ( 70 ) are present in addition to the dusts ( 69 )/liquids, whereby the minimum ignition temperature can be reduced. 9. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that the rotary piston engines are designed according to the specifications in German utility model no. 299 03 699.5. 10. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 1, 2 and 4, characterized in that four-blade two-cell engines are modified vane engines (multi-cell compressors), the geometry of the power application being changed in that an elliptical shape was chosen for the inner envelope surface of the housing ( 80 ) instead of the circular shape, which makes it possible that instead of one pressure-tight contact point ( 65 ) between the inner envelope surface of the housing ( 80 ) and the outer envelope surface of the rotor ( 81 ) there are two ( 65 ) of these, so that the power can be applied by introducing ( 83 ) the compressed air at two points and the entire drive unit is thus built lower. 11. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 1, 2, 4, 9 and 10, characterized in that the control of the motors ( 24 , 66 ) with regard to the compressed air feed ( 83 ) is preferably carried out via a control disk mounted on the motor axis and rotating with it, which for this purpose has circularly arranged elongated holes at the points at which compressed air is to be fed in (depending on the angle of rotation of the rotor), but otherwise has a closed, sealing surface. 12. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 2, 4 and 10, characterized in that in the four-blade two-cell engine, a working reservoir is present at the points of the compressed air introduction ( 83 ), the volume of which is determined such that the engine can provide a largely uniform torque. 13. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the energy tower has a wind turbine ( 8 ) with a vertical axis inside, to which the air flow of the wind ( 33 ) is fed via inlet shafts ( 2 ) with air baffles ( 27 ), and that the energy tower is equipped with internal solar cells ( 28 ) based on photovoltaics, which generate electricity under the irradiation of sunlight ( 32 ). 14. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 1 and 13, characterized in that the inlet shafts ( 2 ) of the energy tower taper in cross-section from the outside to the inside ( 31 ), whereby the flow velocity of the air and the light density of the sunlight are increased. 15. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 13, characterized in that the blades ( 29 ) of the wind turbine ( 8 ) preferably consist of vertical I-profiles which offer a high resistance to the incoming air. 16. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 13 and 14, characterized in that the walls, floors and ceilings of the inlet shafts ( 2 ) and the baffles ( 27 ) are provided with highly reflective surfaces. 17. Combined heat and power system as described in claims 13, 14 and 16, characterized in that the ceilings and floors of the inlet shafts ( 2 ) are aligned at a certain angle of inclination to the solar radiation ( 32 ). 18. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that all relevant devices, pipes and storage tanks are thermally insulated ( 17 ). 19. Combined heat and power system as described in claim 1, characterized in that the waste heat of all devices, storage units and lines is fed back into the system via the air intake ( 9 , 7 ) of the compressors ( 10 , 12 , 35 ).