DE20014082U1 - Feeding device for flowable feed - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ATTORNEYS «.*..· ^: .,·'·* l'l ·· »

DR. ULRICH OSTERTAG DR. REINHARD OSTERTAG

EIBENWEG 10 D-70597 STUTTGART TEL. +49-711-766845 PAX +49-711-7655701

Feeding device for flowable feed

Applicant: Hans Pflanzer

In Schlehbusch 13
75397 Simmozheim

Attorney file: 7041.7

AUN.MH.02-207

7041.7

11.08.2000

Description

The invention relates to a feeding device according to the preamble of claim 1.

The feed is dispensed from such feeding devices, e.g. those known from DE 197 54 087 A1, by allowing the feed to flow out of the outlet at predetermined times under the influence of gravity. The design of the outlet does allow a certain distribution of the emerging feed, but it remains in the immediate vicinity of the feeding device. Such a concentration of feed in a small space means that strong or aggressive animals are undesirably given preference when the feed is distributed. In the case of fish, for example, this leads to the fed population "growing apart", which later requires complex sorting by size.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to further develop a feeding device according to the preamble of claim 1 in such a way that the animals of a population to be fed receive approximately equal amounts of feed.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a feeding device having the features of claim 1.

Feed discharge by centrifuging ensures that the feed is distributed over a very large area compared to conventional feeding devices. This distribution of feed means that even weaker animals in the population to be fed receive sufficient feed and overfeeding of the stronger animals is prevented.

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Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in subclaims.

The further development according to claim 2 results in the feed being discharged into a predetermined spreading area. The size of the ejection opening is a measure of the size of the spreading area, which can be more or less concentrated depending on the size of the ejection opening.

The possibility of adjusting the size of the ejection opening according to claim 3 means that the feeding device can be used flexibly and can be adapted to the size and shape of the area in which the feed is to be distributed, e.g. to the size of a fish pond.

A further adjustability of the spreading range of a feeding device is provided by the rotatability of the spreader housing according to claim 4.

0 The orientation of the impeller according to claim 5 enables an elongated spreading area in the form of a sector with a relatively small opening angle. In this way, feed distribution over long, narrow areas is possible.

An adapter element according to claim 6 enables the orientation of the rotation axis of the impeller to be adjusted. This provides a further degree of freedom in specifying the spreading area of the feeding device.

An adapter element according to claim 7 leads to a centrifugal wheel that can be rotated about a vertical axis. A centrifugal wheel oriented in this way enables, for example, a round scattering area or a sector-shaped scattering area with a relatively large opening angle.

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An adapter element according to claim 8 leads to a centrifugal wheel that is inclined to the vertical axis, in particular that rotates about a horizontal axis.

A feeding device according to claim 9 can be operated in a simple manner either with a vertical rotation axis of the impeller or with a rotation axis inclined to the vertical, in particular with a horizontal rotation axis. To do this, the adapter element only has to be removed or installed and the feed spreader brought into the appropriate position with the aid of the articulated connection in which it connects to the upstream feed-carrying component.

A centrifugal wheel with centrifugal blades according to the claim is stable and can be manufactured cost-effectively, among other things because it is free of undercuts.

Convex centrifugal surfaces of the centrifugal blades according to claim 11 result in the feed being transported outwards both by the curved centrifugal blades and by the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the centrifugal wheel. This increases the efficiency of the feed spreader.

Straight, eccentric centrifugal blades according to claim 12, which promote the transport of the feed radially outwards, can be manufactured cost-effectively.

An arrangement of the inlet opening according to claim 13 reduces the risk that feed feed elements to the feed spreader undesirably shade the spreading area. At the same time, the feed is fed into the impeller in the radially innermost area, so that the acceleration path for the

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The feed has the greatest possible length radially outwards. This improves the spinning range.

A drive according to claim 14 enables high rotational speeds of the impeller and simple speed control.

An accumulator according to claim 15 ensures the electrical supply of the direct current motor even when it is not connected to an electrical supply network. The operation of such a feeding device is also possible in remote locations. The accumulator can be powered by a solar cell device, for example.

The further development of the impeller according to claim 16 enables a high possible feed throughput of the impeller, since a large inlet width can be realized. In addition, a design is possible in which a feed nozzle for the feed is guided into the interior of the impeller, which leads to a good takeover of the feed.

Carrying scoops according to claim 17 promote the transport of the feed entering the inlet basket to the outside by centrifugal force.

A guide shaft according to claim 18 leads to a good beam shaping of the feed scattered beam emitted by the feeding device and thus to a defined scattering area.

The geometry of the guide shaft according to claim 19 is well adapted to the ejection conditions of a centrifugal wheel and to essentially rectangular scattering areas. 35

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The shape of the guide chute according to claim 2 0 ensures that the feed to be dropped passes through with only slight resistance.

With the aid of an adjustment device according to claim 21, the ejection angle of the impeller wheel can be adjusted and thus the spreading range of the impeller wheel can be shifted.

A centrifugal wheel with a hub according to claim 22 ensures that no feed collects in the area of the rotation axis of the centrifugal wheel, thus increasing the throughput of the feeding device. The feed flowing into the centrifugal wheel in the area of the rotation axis slides radially outwards on the outer surface of the hub, where the centrifugal force due to the rotation of the centrifugal wheel causes the feed to be thrown out quickly.

The designs of the hub according to claims 23 and 24 lead to an optimization of the feed throughput for a given power consumption of the impeller.

The feed throughput is also optimized by a feed channel section according to claim 25.

A feed channel section according to claim 26 is easy to manufacture.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing, in which:

Figure 1 shows an outlet section of a fish feeding machine;

Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a rectangular

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Breeding pond being fed by the feeder of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section through an enlarged feed spreader of the automatic feeder of Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a section along line IV-IV in Figure 3;

Figures of Figure 4 are sectional views analogous to those of Figure 4, in which 5 and 6 variants of a centrifugal wheel of the feed spreader of Figure 4 are shown;

Figure 7 is a sectional view of an alternative feed spreader similar to Figure 3;

Figure 8 shows a section along line VIII-VIII in Figure 7;

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 1 of an alternative feeder;

Figure 10 shows a schematic plan view of a substantially circular breeding pond fed by the automatic feeder of Figure 9; and

5 Figures two operating positions of a feeding device

11 and 12 with a 90° adapter element and a pivoting feed spreader.

A first embodiment of a feeder 8 shown in Figures 1 to 4 comprises a substantially cylindrical storage container 10, of which only an outlet-side section is shown in Figure 1. The storage container 10 serves to hold flowable feed for fish breeding, which is, for example, in the form of pellets, i.e. pieces of feed in tablet or

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Rod shape with a typical dimension of 5 mm or also in the form of grains or a granular material. The storage container 10 has a cylindrical peripheral wall 12 and a funnel-shaped base part 14, which carries a removable adapter nozzle 16. The automatic feeder 8 is carried by a schematically indicated frame 17.

The top of the storage container 10 is closed off by a bowl-shaped lid (not shown). The height of the storage container 10 depends on the required filling quantity.

The adapter nozzle 16 is bent by 90 in such a way that it opens horizontally into a feed spreader 18 on the outlet side. The adapter nozzle 16 is detachably attached to a cylindrical spreader housing 20 via a flange 21 with screws 22 (cf. Fig. 3).

The spreader housing 20 has a cylindrical peripheral wall 23 in which a rectangular discharge opening 24 is formed. The screws 22 for fastening the adapter connector 16 are guided through several circular-arc-shaped elongated holes 25 in the flange 21 of the adapter connector 16 (see Fig. 3). This ensures that the spreader housing 20 can be fastened to the adapter connector 16 by turning it at an appropriate angle around its cylinder axis relative to the latter. The angle adjustment provided by the elongated holes 25 thus enables the angular position 0 of the discharge opening 24 to be set in the circumferential direction of the peripheral wall 23 of the spreader housing 20.

A rectangular funnel-shaped guide chute 26 is formed on the outside of the ejection opening 24 and serves as a guide element for ejected feed.

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The outlet of the adapter nozzle 16 is connected to an inlet opening 27 in the spreader housing 20, the width of which is indicated by a dashed line in the illustration in Figure 4.

A centrifugal wheel 28 is arranged coaxially to the inlet opening 27, the horizontal axis of the centrifugal wheel 28 coinciding with that of the spreader housing 20.

The impeller 28 is seated on a central drive shaft 30 and has an end plate 32 which limits the interior of the spreader housing 20 accessible for the feed on the side opposite the adapter socket 16.

Four radially extending centrifugal blades 34 are connected to the end disk 32. The end disk 32 is attached to the drive shaft 30 in a rotationally fixed manner. The dimensions and arrangement of the disk-shaped end disk 32 and the centrifugal blades 34 are selected such that these parts 0 can rotate in the spreader housing 2 0 without contact and with a small radial and axial distance to the inner walls of the latter.

The drive shaft 3 0 is driven by a direct current motor 3 6. The latter is fed via a speed control unit from an accumulator 3 8 which is housed in a control housing 3 9 (see Fig. 1).

A typical operating voltage for the DC motor 36 is 12 volts. Alternatively, the drive for the drive shaft 3 0 can also be designed so that it can be operated with 200 V AC.

The accumulator 3 8 is used in a computer-controlled automatic feeder 8 to ensure the operation of the feeder

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automatic feeder 8 if there is no mains supply or if it fails temporarily. The battery can be charged either with a suitable charging device or by a solar cell device which is attached to the automatic feeder 8.

The drive shaft 30 is supported by an axial/radial bearing 40 arranged between the end plate 32 and the DC motor 36, the bearing housing 42 of which, like the housing of the DC motor 36, is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a housing wall 43 of the spreader housing 20 adjacent to the end plate 32.

The spreading characteristics of the automatic feeder described above in connection with Figures 1, 3 and 4 are shown in Figure 2: Here, the automatic feeder 8 is arranged on the bank side on the narrow side of a rectangular breeding pond 44. During operation, the automatic feeder 8 spreads a sector-shaped spreading area 45, which is indicated in Figure 2 by a dashed line. The horizontally good feed stream bundling (small sector angle) and the high spreading speed result in the large spreading area 45, which is well adapted to the contour of the breeding pond 44.

The operation of the automatic feeder 8 described in Figures 1 to 4 is as follows:

At the beginning of each of the set feeding times 0, a closure disk 46 arranged in the area of the adapter connection 16, shown schematically in dashed lines in Fig. 1, is moved into an open position by a servomotor 47 working on it. Under the influence of gravity, the feed flows from the interior of the storage container 5 10 through the adapter connection 16 and the inlet opening 27

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into the interior of the spreader housing 20 and into the hub area of the impeller 28.

Simultaneously with the opening of the closure disk 4 6, the direct current motor 3 6 is excited by a control unit 48 housed in the control housing 3 9 and the impeller wheel 28 is set in rotation. The speed of the impeller wheel 2 8, which can be set via the supply voltage by the control unit 48, is in the range of 3,000 rpm for large spreading distances. The feedstuff initially flowing into the spreader housing 2 0 in the area adjacent to the drive shaft 3 0 is taken along by the impeller blades 34 and accelerated under the influence of the centrifugal force in the direction of the peripheral wall 23 of the spreader housing 2 0 and exits at high speed through the discharge opening 24. Due to the size of the discharge opening 24 and the shape of the exiting feedstuff flow through the guide shaft 26, the ejected feedstuff sweeps over the extended spreading area.

The sector angle of the spreading area 45 can be adjusted in the width direction by the geometry of the guide shaft 26. The maximum throwing distance can be adjusted by the speed of the impeller 28, the height of the guide shaft 26 and the angle of attack of its axis. The angular position of the spreader housing 20 which determines this angle of attack is adjusted by loosening the screws 22 on the flange 21 and turning the spreader housing 20 in the angle adjustment range specified by the arcuate elongated holes 25 in the flange 21.

These settings ensure that a large part of the breeding pond 44 is covered with feed. This ensures a good distribution of the feed

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in the breeding pond 44 and thus a uniform feeding, without favoring strong or aggressive fish.

The components of alternative automatic feeders 8 shown in Figures 5 to 9 correspond in terms of their design principles to those of the automatic feeder 8 of Figure 1. Corresponding components are again provided with the same reference numerals.

The feed spreaders 18 shown in Figures 5 and 6 differ from the feed spreader 18 described above mainly in the construction of the centrifugal blades. The feed carrying wheels 28 shown in these figures are intended to rotate anti-clockwise, as shown by arrows 49.

Centrifugal blades 50 of the centrifugal wheel 28, which is shown in Figure 5, are curved in such a way that when the centrifugal wheel 28 is in operation, i.e. when rotating anti-clockwise, the feed is moved radially outwards by convex centrifugal surfaces 52 of the centrifugal blades 50 and then spun off. Innermost blade sections 54 of the convex surfaces 52 are inclined relative to the radial in such a way that they have a tangential component, i.e. a component in the circumferential direction of the centrifugal wheel 28, and a radial component. The tangential component runs against the direction of rotation of the centrifugal wheel 28, the radial component runs outwards.

When the impeller 28 of Figure 5 is operated, the feed material let into the spreader housing 20 in the area of the innermost blade sections 54 is not only

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by centrifugal force, but also by the inclination of the innermost blade section 54 to the outside. The degree of inclination of the innermost blade section 54 and the degree of curvature of the convex surface 52 can be used to adjust the radial force distribution on the feed for transport to the outside and thus the distribution of the feed thrown out through the ejection opening 24 over the respective spin angle. This distribution leads to a corresponding adjustable quantity distribution in the spreading area 45.

In the case of the impeller 28 shown in Figure 6, impeller blades 56 with flat surfaces are arranged on the end disk 32, parallel to the axis of the end disk 32, offset in the direction of rotation (arrow 49) by a distance r. This offset means that the innermost blade section 54 of the surface 52 of the impeller blade 56, which carries the feed during operation of the impeller 28, has a tangential component opposite to the direction of rotation, analogous to the embodiment according to Figure 5. This also leads, as already described in connection with Figure 5, to an additional, radially outward-acting transport contribution for the feed during rotation of the impeller 28.

The central drive shaft of the impeller 18 of Figure 6 is designed as a hub 57 with a conical surface 58. The opening angle of the cone is approximately 20°. The diameter of the surface 58 is approximately 10 mm in the area of the cutting plane of Figure 6, which intersects the hub approximately halfway up, measured from the end plate 32. It decreases towards the inlet opening connected to the base part 14. From this in the area of the axis of rotation, feed flowing into the impeller 18 slides along the surface.

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surface 5 8 radially outwards. This necessarily results in a minimum distance between the feed and the axis of rotation. Even at this minimum distance, a centrifugal force acts due to the rotation of the impeller 18, which causes the feed to be thrown out quickly, which increases the overall throughput of the impeller 18.

Such a conical hub 57 can also be used in conjunction with the other described centrifugal wheels.

The feed spreader 18 shown in Figures 7 and 8 also differs from the one described in connection with Figure 1, mainly in the design of the impeller wheel 28. In the impeller wheel 28 of the feed spreader 18 of Figures 7 and 8, the drive shaft 30 in the spreader housing 20 widens to form an inlet basket 60 which is open in the direction of the inlet opening 27. Similar to the impeller wheel 28 of Figure 4, the feed entrainment wheel 28 of Figures 1 and 8 has radially external impeller blades 34 which are connected to the inlet basket 60 radially outside thereof.

Rectangular passage openings 64 are formed in the cylindrical peripheral wall 62 of the inlet basket 60 between two centrifugal blades 34. Where the centrifugal blades 34 adjoin the inlet basket 60 radially outward, short driving blades 66, which also run radially, are integrally formed on the peripheral wall 62 radially inward.

In the feed spreader 18 of Figure 7, the inlet opening 27 is limited by a nozzle 67 which projects into the spreader housing 20 and which fits into the inlet with a small clearance.

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inlet basket 60. When operating the automatic feeder with a centrifugal wheel 28 according to Figures 7 to 8, the feed slips through the adapter connection 16 into the inlet basket 60. The connection 67 prevents incoming feed from immediately reaching the frontal space adjacent to the inlet opening 27 between the centrifugal blades 34 and the spreader housing 20.

The entraining blades 66 generate a rotational movement of the feed in the inlet basket 60, which, under the influence of centrifugal force, exits the inlet basket 60 through the passage openings 64 into the space surrounding the centrifugal wheel 28. The feed is then ejected as described in connection with the automatic feeder in Figure 1.

As shown in Figure 9, the feed spreader 18 can also be arranged so that the impeller 28 rotates about a 0 vertical axis. The feeder 8 of Figure 9, which for the sake of simplicity is shown without a support frame, control units and closure disk, has a straight vertical adapter connection 70 for this purpose. Instead of a rectangular ejection opening 24, an ejection slot 71 running through the circumference is provided in the spreader housing 20 of the feed spreader 18 of Figure 9. If necessary, the ejection slot 71 can also have a guide shaft running through the circumference, which limits the vertical angular distribution of the spread feed.

The feed distribution by the automatic feeder 8 of Figure 9 is illustrated in Figure 10: The automatic feeder 8 is arranged on the frame 17 in a substantially round breeding pond 72. When the automatic feeder 8 is operated, a substantially round spreading area 74 in the breeding pond 72 is filled with

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Feed is sprinkled. Here too, the feed is distributed well.

Instead of a round spreading area 74, a sector-shaped spreading area with a significantly larger sector angle than that shown in Figure 2 in the case of the feed spreader 18 rotating about a horizontal axis may be of interest. Such a spreading area can be realized with a feed spreader rotating about a vertical axis (as in Figure 9) which, instead of a continuous ejection slot, has a rectangular ejection opening which extends over the desired sector angle.
15

A changeover between such an automatic feeder and the one in Figure 1 can be carried out in an elegant manner: adapter nozzles, which correspond in shape to the adapter nozzles 16 and 70 and are detachably connected to the supply container 10 and the feed spreader 18, are kept as an adapter set. Depending on the intended use (horizontally/vertically rotating impeller), the corresponding adapter nozzle is mounted between the supply container 10 and the feed spreader 18.

An embodiment in which a change of the rotation axis of the feed spreader 18 between a horizontal and a vertical position is possible using only one adapter nozzle 16 is shown in Figures 11 and 12:

A support plate 80 is connected to the bottom part 14 of the supply container 10, which is only partially shown in these figures, and which is welded to the base part 14 by means of a

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Articulated joint 82 with a horizontal joint axis carries the feed spreader 18. The feed spreader 18 is connected to the articulated joint 82 via a holding plate 84. This is attached to the feed spreader 18 in a manner not shown, e.g. via screws. The holding plate 84 has an opening (not visible in Figure 11) through which the adapter socket 16 is inserted.

The adapter nozzle 16 is pluggably connected at one end to the base part 14 and at the other end to the inlet opening 27 of the feed spreader 18.

With the adapter connector 16 inserted between the base part 14 and the feed spreader 18 as shown in Figure 11, the automatic feeder 8 can be operated with a horizontal axis of rotation of the feed spreader 18. To convert the automatic feeder 8 to operation with a vertical axis of rotation of the feed spreader 18, the plug connections of the adapter connector 16 with which it is connected to the base part 14 and the feed spreader 18 are loosened and the adapter connector 16 is removed. The feed spreader 18 is then pivoted about the joint of the joint connection 82 in such a way that the inlet opening 27 of the feed spreader 18 (see e.g. Figure 3) is directly connected to the outlet of the base part 14. In this position, the holding plate 84 is locked to the support plate 80, e.g. by a wing screw connection (not shown). The feed spreader 18 can then be operated with a vertical axis of rotation, as shown in Figure 12.

In this embodiment shown in Figures 11 and 12, the support plate 80 is attached to the storage container 10 via an adjustment device 88. For this purpose, horizontally extending support arms 90 are welded to the base part 14 of the storage container 10 at the same height.

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A total of three support arms 90 are provided as part of the adjustment device 88, of which only two are visible in Figures 11 and 12.

Screws 92 are inserted from below through openings in the support plate 80, whereby these openings are each aligned with a thread in a support arm 90. The screws 92 are screwed into the threads and support the support plate 80 via the screw heads, which form a stop at the edges of the openings in the support plate 80.

In this embodiment, the inclination of the support plate 80 relative to the horizontal can be adjusted by turning the screws 92. The typical angles of inclination relative to the horizontal that are adjusted in this way are in the range of a few degrees.

In this embodiment, a corresponding connecting piece, e.g. a bellows or an elastic apron (not shown), at the outlet of the base part 14 ensures that there is a feed-tight transition between the storage container 10 and the adapter nozzle 16 in the entire adjustment range of the inclination angle of the support plate 80.

By adjusting the inclination of the support plate 8 0, the ejection angle of the feed spreader from the ejection opening 24 is set accordingly. In this way, the area supplied with feed can be shifted.

The adapter nozzle 16 shown in Figures 1 and 11 has a constant cross-section. Alternatively, an additional conical

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A feed channel section can be provided which is directly connected to the base part 14 and tapers in the direction of the feed flow, i.e. downwards. The conical inner surface of this feed channel section is opposite

the vertical by approximately 20 to 30°. Such a feed channel section improves the inflow behavior of the feed into the adapter nozzle 16 (with a horizontal axis of rotation of the feed spreader 18) or into the inlet opening 27 (with a vertical axis of rotation of the feed spreader 18).

As an alternative to an additional feed channel section as described above, the base part 14 itself can also have an inclination of the inner surface of approximately 2 0 to 3 0° to the vertical.

In the embodiments of impellers 28 shown in Figures 3 to 8, these each have an end disk 32 which limits the space accessible to the feed inside the feed spreader 18 on the side opposite the inlet opening 27. A further embodiment of an impeller 28 (not shown) additionally has a cover disk arranged on the end face of the impeller 28 facing the inlet opening 27. This has a central opening which is aligned with the inlet opening 27. The cover disk serves to limit the space accessible to the feed inside the impeller 28 towards the housing wall opposite the housing wall 43.

Instead of a feed spreader that is closed except for the ejection opening or the ejection slot, a simpler design of the automatic feeder can also provide a cover arranged around the impeller, which, for example, as a semicircular cover, covers half of the impeller and replaces the spreader housing.

Claims (26)

1. Feeding device for free-flowing feed with a storage container ( 10 ) at the lower end of which an outlet ( 14 ) is arranged, characterized in that the outlet ( 14 ) is connected to a feed spreader ( 18 ) which has a rotating impeller ( 28 ). 2. Feeding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the impeller ( 18 ) rotates in a spreader housing ( 20 ) with at least one ejection opening ( 24 , 71 ). 3. Feeding device according to claim 2, characterized in that the ejection opening ( 24 , 71 ) is adjustable in size. 4. Feeding device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the spreader housing ( 20 ) is arranged to be rotatable about the axis of rotation of the impeller ( 28 ). 5. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller ( 28 ) rotates about a horizontal axis to eject the feed. 6. Feeding device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an adapter element ( 16 ; 70 ) is provided between the outlet ( 14 ) and the feed spreader ( 18 ), which adapter element defines a connecting channel for feed between the storage container and the feed spreader ( 18 ). 7. Feeding device according to claim 6, characterized in that the adapter element ( 70 ) is rectilinear. 8. Feeding device according to claim 6, characterized in that the adapter element ( 16 ) is curved, in particular has a 90° curvature. 9. Feeding device according to claim 8, characterized in that the adapter element ( 16 ) is detachably connected to the outlet ( 14 ) and the feed spreader ( 18 ) and that an articulated connection ( 82 ) is provided between the outlet ( 14 ) and the feed spreader ( 18 ), by means of which the feed spreader ( 18 ) can be pivoted between a position in which the adapter element ( 16 ) is inserted and a position in which the feed spreader ( 18 ) is directly connected to the outlet ( 14 ) when the adapter element ( 16 ) is released. 10. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller wheel ( 28 ) has a plurality of impeller blades ( 34 ; 50 ; 56 ), the blade surfaces of which are designed to be substantially perpendicular to a plane lying perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the feed-carrying wheel ( 28 ) (plane of an end disk ( 32 ) of the impeller wheel ( 28 )). 11. Feeding device according to claim 10, characterized in that the centrifugal blades ( 50 ) have a centrifugal surface ( 52 ) which is convex when viewed opposite to the direction of rotation (49) of the feed intake wheel ( 28 ), the direction of rotation ( 49 ) of the centrifugal wheel ( 28 ) being such that the feed is thrown off the centrifugal surfaces ( 52 ). 12. Feeding device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the centrifugal blades ( 50 ; 56 ) are shaped such that an innermost blade section ( 54 ) of a centrifugal blade ( 50 ; 56 ) has a tangential component in relation to the outer surface of the hub or shaft of the centrifugal wheel ( 28 ). 13. Feeding device according to one of claims 2 to 12, characterized in that the spreader housing ( 20 ) has an inlet opening ( 27 ) for feed in a wall adjacent to the axis of rotation of the impeller ( 28 ), which inlet opening is connected to the outlet ( 16 ) of the storage container ( 10 ). 14. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller ( 28 ) is driven by a direct current motor ( 36 ). 15. Feeding device according to claim 14, characterized in that the direct current motor ( 36 ) is fed from an accumulator ( 38 ). 16. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller ( 28 ) has a central axial inlet basket ( 60 ) which has a plurality of outlet openings ( 64 ) in its peripheral wall ( 62 ). 17. Feeding device according to claim 16, characterized in that a plurality of entraining scoops ( 66 ) are provided within the inlet basket ( 60 ). 18. Feeding device according to one of claims 2 to 17, characterized in that a guide shaft ( 26 ) is connected to the ejection opening ( 24 ), the cross section of which is similar to that of the ejection opening ( 24 ; 71 ). 19. Feeding device according to claim 18, characterized in that the cross sections of the ejection opening ( 24 ) and the guide shaft ( 26 ) are rectangular. 20. Feeding device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the guide shaft ( 26 ) widens with increasing distance from the ejection opening ( 24 ). 21. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an adjusting device ( 88 ) for setting an inclination of the axis of rotation of the impeller ( 28 ). 22. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the impeller ( 28 ) comprises a hub ( 57 ) which has a rotationally symmetrical, preferably conical outer surface ( 58 ) whose diameter decreases towards the outlet ( 14 ) of the storage container ( 10 ). 23. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hub ( 57 ) has an average diameter of typically 10 mm. 24. Feeding device according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the hub ( 57 ) has a conical outer surface with an opening angle of approximately 20° ( 58 ). 25. Feeding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a vertically arranged feed-guiding feed channel section tapers in the direction of the feed flow, wherein inner walls of the section are inclined by approximately 20°-30° with respect to the vertical. 26. Feeding device according to claim 25, characterized in that the feed channel section tapers conically.