DE19712317A1 - Combustion oven with heat exchanger surfaces for solid fuel and/or gas or oil operation - Google Patents

Abstract

All six of the inner sides of the oven (10) are water-conductive, i.e. not only the cabinet base, but also the door inner side has at least one water-bearing steel cover section (7). The front side of the cabinet is formed by an upper pivot door (11) and a lower pivot door (12), which have a common lateral vertical pivot axis. The lower pivot door (12) is fitted to a solid fuel combustion unit, which has a lower combustion chamber (13). The lower combustion chamber is formed as a hot unit and is composed of heat-resistant components. The hot combustion chamber has a tubular hot after-burner extent of heat-resistant material, which is located in the area of the upper pivot door (11).

Description

The invention relates to an incinerator with heat rope shear surfaces for a solid and / or gas or oil drifted.

From DE-GM 94 18 396 an incinerator with internal ver tical heat exchanger surfaces known, with one of the filling shaft to be burned, the solid fuel to be burned can be placed in the oven. The filling shaft lies in the area of the furnace front. The well-known oven own internal vertical heat exchanger surfaces are in the Be range of the back of the oven. The incinerator is from above and accessible from the side and only for the operation of Solid fuel designed, especially for residual wood, chips or similar.

The object of the invention is to create a combustion furnace with heat exchanger surfaces of the type mentioned at the beginning, which is very effective with a simple, compact design extremely easy to operate and maintain and operate can also be converted easily.

The object on which the invention is based is achieved by a combustion furnace of the type specified in claim 1.

The incinerator is advantageously further developed by the features of claims 2 to 21.

The essence of the invention is the incinerator as a cabinet to provide, the entire front or front of the Cabinet is designed in the form of at least one door.

Through the door are practically all the internal components of the Ver  incinerator for operation, maintenance or assembly person easily accessible from outside. Because of the door can all other sides of the stove including floor and deck side closed and easily out of heat insulating material built and with an inner water leading steel jacket or single water-bearing steel jacket sections are formed (with the exception of one Smoke outlet in the back wall and a small one Solid feed opening in a side wall).

Preferably all six inner sides of the scorch air-conditioning furnace, not only the five sides of the cabinet base itself, but also the door inside at least one water-bearing steel jacket or Has steel jacket section.

In particular, the front of the cabinet is in the middle Height divided in two, with an upper and a lower swivel door is formed, and both swing doors a common have vertical vertical swivel axis.

The lower swing door is advantageously a solid Ver combustion unit assigned to the furnace, which is a lower one Combustion chamber has.

The lower combustion chamber is preferably a hot combustion chamber trained and in particular made of refractory or heat resistant permanent components assembled.

The hot combustion chamber can have a tubular top vertical hot afterburning section made of heat-resistant mate rial subordinate, in the area of the upper swing door lies.

The solid combustion unit has in particular one  lower fuel tray grate with self-ash slant areas towards the ash room.

The tray grate can be made against a flat grate if necessary it will be exchanged.

For an automatic closing on the underside of the combustion chamber drove of solid fuel such as wood chips, wood chips or The like can advantageously be a one-piece gela stoker screw with opposing screw blades be seen.

In a particularly advantageous development of combustion the upper swing door has a central one preferably water-carrying connection piece for an oil or Gas burner.

In the upper combustion chamber assigned to the upper swing door space is not only on the outer walls, but also in the Inside vertical heat exchanger surfaces are provided, which parallel to the vertical side walls of the cremation extend furnace, being in the upper region of the rear wall the flue gas outlet of the incinerator is provided.

Furthermore, is located in the upper combustion chamber Oil or gas burner connection piece and flue gas outlet one Partition parallel to the rear wall in a central area, the shape that between the partition and the side walls there is still a free space through which the flue gas lasts to the flue gas outlet in the rear wall of the combustion oven can reach.

Here, the partition above the flue gas outlet have top cover, which extends up to the rear wall of the Incinerator extends.  

The partition and the upper cover, if any Cover are preferably made of heat-resistant material and can optionally also be water-bearing be.

Close the two innermost vertical heat exchanger surfaces ß prefer the two vertical side edges the partition and are forward to the area of upper swing door directed, one if necessary in front existing tubular afterburning section between the two innermost heat exchanger surfaces is arranged.

The lower combustion chamber, the afterburning section and / or the The partition and the top cover are particularly made of interchangeable, d. H. interchangeable modular components or their partly composed of modular individual components.

A programmable logic controller is preferred for the combustion and the control of the incinerator intended.

An electric hot air blower can also be used for automatic Ignition of the solid may be provided.

The primary, secondary and tertiary air are added expediently graded.

The upper swing door contains at least one sight glass, whereby two sight glasses are preferably provided: one sight glass over and another sight glass under the vertical heat exchanger surfaces for a good observation of the S-shaped um steering area of the flue gas flow.

The gap between the upper and lower swing door can be  be bridged over a fixed water jacket section, this water jacket section not on the door, but is attached to the cabinet base.

The invention thus in a boiler or an incinerator with heat exchanger surfaces in particular the properties of a hot combustion chamber with the advantages standing heat exchanger surfaces in a compact combustion unit connected.

Characteristic features of an incinerator in one design variant are:

• - 6-sided water-bearing steel jacket
• - Large ash door over the entire front
• - Large cleaning door over the entire front
• - Exchangeable modular combustion chamber
• - Fuel tray grate with automatic ash removal in the ash room
• - Large removable ash drawer with 25 liter capacity to like
• - Tiered primary, secondary and tertiary air addition
• - Hot downstream burnout section for best burning results
• - 2-fold stoker screw
• - The combustion or the control of the complete  Peripherals take place centrally through a storage program controllable control ("PLC")
• - Automatic ignition of the fuel by an electri hot air blower
• - Possibility of mounting for blue or yellow burners

Power and combustion control

Through constant monitoring of the flow and return temperatures structure and the resulting difference become focal The amount of substance and primary air are constantly adjusted to the power requirement fits. The system thus adapts the difference independently performance requirements between 30% and 100% of the nominal performance.

In order to constantly optimize the combustion process, only the combustion temperature and the sum of the un burned hydrocarbons detected. The evaluated sig nale determine the amount of secondary air that the process auto is fed matically.

control

The entire system is controlled or regulated centrally through a programmable logic controller. Via a 2-40 character display integrated in the control cabinet can set all operating parameters user-friendly and be queried.

fuel

The incinerator according to the invention is on the one hand for the Use of natural wood in the form of wood chips  with a maximum size of 50 × 30 × 20 mm and a focal length Fabric moisture up to 40% particularly suitable as well as for wood cases from wood processing companies up to a distillery fabric moisture of approx. 30%.

Fuel input

The loading unit preferably consists of a two Stoker screw, which stores the fuel from at the bottom into the brazier above.

Fuel substitute: oil or gas

If the lower solid fuel combustion unit fails an oil or gas burner put into operation, the following the upper swing door is mounted or who is mounted that can.

The invention is illustrated below with the aid of an embodiment game with reference to the accompanying drawings explained; show it:

Fig. 1 shows a combustion furnace schematically in a vertical section as seen from the front, and

Fig. 2 shows the furnace according to Fig. 1 in a vertical line A along 1 section of FIG..

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a combustion furnace 10 is formed for a solid and, alternatively, gas or oil as operating quaderför miger (high) cabinet, wherein the entire Frontsei te the cabinet when door 11, 12 is formed.

In particular, two superposed doors with the same lateral vertical pivot axis are provided: a lower pivot door 12 , which is assigned to a solid combustion unit of the furnace, and an upper pivot door 11 , which is assigned to inner vertical heat exchanger surfaces 15 , 16 or flue gas flues, which in an upper combustion chamber 14 lie above the lower combustion chamber 13 of the solid-state combustion unit.

The cabinet-shaped incinerator 10 has a substantially continuous rear wall 18 made of a heat-insulating material, in which the flue gas outlet 19 is located at the upper central point, a closed, heat-insulated bottom and top wall, and two closed, heat-insulated side walls 17 , one in a side wall at the bottom a small through opening is formed for an automatic solids supply described below.

The two swing doors 11 , 12 are constructed of a heat-insulating material.

All six cabinet inner sides (rear wall 18 , floor and top wall, two side walls 17 , and door 11 , 12 ) are designed to be water-bearing and have a water-bearing steel jacket.

The water-carrying, pivotable steel jacket sections 7 of the upper and lower pivoting doors 11 , 12 are communicatively connected in the region of the lateral vertical pivot axis to the fixed water-carrying steel jacket of the cabinet base via suitable connecting elements.

The gap between the upper and lower swing door 11 , 12 is bridged by a section 22 attached to the cabinet base Wassermantelab.

The assigned to the lower swing door 12 solid combustion unit has a lower combustion chamber 13 in the form of a so-called "hot" combustion chamber, which is modularly composed of fire-tested or heat-resistant components 3 .

The top of the hot combustion chamber is followed by a tubular vertical "hot" afterburning section 4 made of heat-resistant material, which is already in the area of the upper swing door 11 .

The solid-fuel combustion unit has a lower fuel tray grate 2 with self-ash sloping surfaces in the direction of the ash chamber 8 , the tray grate 2 being able to be replaced by a flat grate if necessary, provided that piece of wood is to be burned as an alternative.

For an automatic underside of the combustion chamber of the solid such as wood chips, wood shavings, etc., a one-part, double-bearing stoker screw 1 with counter-rotating screw blades is provided, which extends through the passage opening mentioned above in one side wall 17 of the incinerator. When the stoker screw 1 is in operation, wood chips or the like are fed centrally under the fuel tray grate 2 and pressed from there up into the combustion chamber in which the solid fuel burns.

The arranged in the upper combustion chamber 14 inner verti cal heat exchanger surfaces 15 , 16 run parallel to the vertical side walls 17 of the incinerator 10 , the tubular hot afterburning section 4 being arranged between the first vertical heat exchanger surfaces 16 . The latter heat exchanger surfaces 16 extend from the vertical side edges of a running parallel to the rear wall 18 partition wall 20 having a top in the direction of rear wall 18 facing the cover 21 of refractory material up to the front in the region of a (closed) upper swing door 11, as shown especially in Figure . 2 to entneh men.

The parallel heat exchanger surfaces 15 further out, like the inner heat exchanger surfaces 16 , extend to the front in such a way that overall a large-area flue gas passage on the heat exchanger surfaces 15 , 16 from the hot afterburning section 4 (or from the connecting piece 5 described below) up to the flue gas outlet 19 is established.

While the lower swing door 12 is closed and may have a connection for a hot air blower for igniting the solid fuel, the upper swing door 11 has the aforementioned connection piece 5 . At this connecting piece 5 , an oil or gas burner is installed or mountable, which is available for a replacement or emergency operation of the incinerator in the event of solid fuel failure or a defect in the lower combustion chamber or the lower stoker screw 1 . In this case, the upper combustion chamber space 14 also has a combustion chamber function, not just a heat exchanger function as in a solid fuel operation.

The upper combustion chamber 14 can be viewed by an operator when the upper swing door 11 is closed through two sight glasses 6 , one sight glass 7 below and the other sight glass 7 above the heat exchanger surfaces 15 , 16 .

As a result, the incinerator clearly has two combustion chambers that are independent of each other: one  lower combustion chamber and an upper combustion chamber. The lower one Combustion chamber is (with a tray grate) for solids chopping schnitzel or (with an inlay tarpaulin) for firewood intended. The upper combustion chamber can be filled with oil or gas be driven. The two doors are on top of each other water-bearing and flooded. The water-carrying doors ver prevent radiant heat from being lost. At the same time cleaning both combustion chambers is also very easy. The un tere combustion chamber, which is operated with solid, leads the flue gases also through the upper heat exchanger surfaces. There ensures a very high heat exchange. Also the oil or gas combustion chamber helps if the solid fails combustion chamber to keep the system running. The feast fuel is used as wood chips in the lower area by the Stoker screw fed. The material swells in the middle upwards and is distributed on the perforated grate. By the combustion and power control is targeted primary and added secondary air through openings. Can also through the combustion and power control with two types a power range of 15-55 kW or 30-80 kW is covered will.

It should be noted that contained in the subclaims independently protectable features despite the made formal reference to the main claim should have independent protection. Otherwise, all fall he contained in the entire application documents inventive features within the scope of the invention.

Claims (21)

1. incinerator ( 10 ) with heat exchanger surfaces for a solid and / or gas or oil operation, characterized in that it has a cabinet shape, the entire front of the cabinet being designed as a door ( 11 , 12 ). 2. Incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that all six inner sides of the incinerator ( 10 ) are designed to carry water, ie not only the cabinet base, but also the inside of the door has at least one water-carrying steel jacket section ( 7 ). 3. Incinerator according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the front of the cabinet is formed by an upper swing door ( 11 ) and a lower swing door ( 12 ) which have a common lateral vertical pivot axis. 4. Incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that the lower swing door ( 12 ) is associated with a solid-combustion unit, which has a lower combustion chamber ( 13 ). 5. Incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower combustion chamber ( 13 ) is designed as a hot combustion chamber and composed of heat-resistant components ( 3 ). 6. Incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that the hot combustion chamber on the upper side is a tubular vertical hot afterburning section ( 4 ) made of a heat-resistant material, which is in the region of the upper swing door ( 11 ). 7. Incinerator according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the solid combustion unit has a lower fuel tray grate ( 2 ) with self-de-inclined surfaces in the direction of the ash chamber ( 8 ), the tray grate ( 2 ) optionally by a flat grate can be exchanged. 8. Incinerator according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that a one-piece, double-bearing stoker screw ( 1 ) with counter-rotating screw blades is provided for the automatic supply of the solid material such as wood chips, wood chips, etc. on the underside of the combustion chamber. 9. Incinerator according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the upper swing door ( 11 ) has a central re water-carrying connection piece ( 5 ) for an oil or gas burner. 10. Incinerator according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that in the upper, the upper swing door ( 11 ) associated combustion chamber space ( 14 ) inner vertical heat exchanger surfaces ( 15 , 16 ) are provided, which are parallel to the vertical side walls ( 17th ) of the incinerator ( 10 ), the flue gas outlet ( 19 ) being provided in the upper region of the rear wall ( 18 ) of the incinerator. 11. Incinerator according to claim 10, characterized in that in the upper combustion chamber space ( 14 ) between oil or gas burner connection piece ( 5 ) and flue gas outlet ( 19 ) egg ne partition ( 20 ) is provided parallel to the rear wall ( 18 ) in a central area, wherein the vertical side edges of the partition ( 20 ) are arranged at a distance from the corresponding side walls ( 17 ) of the incinerator. 12. Incinerator according to claim 11, characterized in that the partition ( 20 ) above the flue gas outlet ( 19 ) has an upper cover ( 21 ) which extends to the rear wall ( 18 ) of the incinerator. 13. Incinerator according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the partition ( 20 ) with an optionally present top cover ( 21 ) made of heat-resistant material is / are. 14. Incinerator according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the two innermost vertical heat exchanger surfaces ( 16 ) connect to the two vertical side edges of the partition ( 20 ) and forward to the area of the upper swing door ( 11 ) extend, with a possibly existing afterburning section ( 4 ) between the two innermost heat exchanger surfaces ( 16 ) is arranged. 15. Incinerator according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the lower combustion chamber ( 13 ), the afterburner section ( 4 ) and / or the partition ( 20 ) and the upper cover ( 21 ) are replaceable or replaceable modular components or are in turn composed of modular individual components. 16. Incinerator according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a programmable logic controller for the combustion and the control of the incinerator ( 10 ) is provided. 17. Incinerator according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized, that an electric hot air blower for automatic Ignition of the solid is provided. 18. Incinerator according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized, that a staged primary, secondary and tertiary air supply gift is provided. 19. Incinerator according to one of claims 3 to 18, characterized in that the upper swing door ( 11 ) has at least one sight glass ( 6 ). 20. Incinerator according to claim 19, characterized in that two sight glasses ( 6 ) are provided, the one sight glass above and the other sight glass below the verti cal heat exchanger surfaces ( 15 , 16 ) is arranged. 21. Incinerator according to one of claims 3 to 20, characterized in that the gap between the upper and lower swing door ( 11 , 12 ) is bridged by a fixed water jacket section ( 22 ) which is attached to the cabinet base.