DE19615624A1 - Pulse blasting using liquids or gases - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for blasting of solid masses. In said process at least one borehole (2) is made in the material (1), a chamber sealed in relation to the environment is formed in the borehole (2), the sealed chamber is filled with a liquid, and at least one pulse is exerted on the liquid contained in the sealed chamber using a pressure transmission medium. The invention also relates to a device for blasting of solid materials (1). In said process, a liquid is used as the pressure transmission medium. Sealing of the chamber of the borehole (2) also occurs in the entrance region of the borehole (2) in such a manner that the length of the borehole (2) chamber filled with liquid corresponds to the length of the borehole (2) with the exception of the section required for sealing. The process according to the invention and the appropriate device for carrying out said process splits up solid materials, in particular stones and comparable materials, in an effective and environmentally-friendly manner.

Description

The invention relates to a pulse blasting method using liquids or gases for environmentally friendly, vibration and noise-free destruction of solids, preferably wise rock, mineral, reinforced and non-reinforced concrete or masonry as well for the targeted removal of blocks from a large solid mass or a Association on geometrically predetermined dividing surfaces according to the characteristics in Upper part of claim 1.

For destroying solid objects, preferably stone, mineral, concrete or masonry or for the targeted removal of blocks from large solid masses or For the most part, associations are currently using the blasting method, which creates harmful gases and causes additional environmental pollution Shocks and noise occur. In addition, the blasting process is over security reasons more or less large areas around the Shut off the place of application, which can be quite significant in some cases Impairment of normal processes, such as traffic or work in commercial companies. With increasing environmental awareness and The corresponding legal requirements and framework conditions will be tightened Use of the blasting process in or near residential areas and businesses operated more and more difficult, therefore more expensive and increasingly limited.

For destroying solid objects or for removing blocks from larger ones Associations will also use cutting processes, such as loosening with this Purpose developed extraction tools, or squeezing procedures using Roller or disc chisels as well as sawing or drilling in concrete and masonry applied. However, all of these methods have the disadvantage that they are very high require specific energy expenditure and to considerable wear of the Lead tools because the energy fed in is very bad Efficiency from the tool tips to the one to be destroyed or solved Material is transferred. Therefore, the loosening methods are cutting or squeezing working tools much more expensive than blasting and by far not as efficient, what the destroyed or loosened amount of material per unit of time concerns.

With the cutting and squeezing processes, this becomes too destructive or too dissolving material when the tools penetrate first to pressure and later on Bending or shear stressed. The compressive strength of stone, mineral, concrete  and masonry is 20 to 200 times higher than tensile strength. When blasting, the solids are destroyed or blocks are removed about a dynamic sudden buildup of tensile stresses on a lead to much lower levels of cracking. A new one to be developed Process that results from the described relationships Closes the need gap, should therefore rock, mineral, concrete or masonry - similar like the blasting process - as far as possible via the crush destructive tensile loads.

Pursuing these lines of thought were therefore several decades ago Proposed and used methods in which - similar to the Blast - drill holes in a certain geometric arrangement to each other manufactured and inserted wedge-shaped or cylindrical probes in these holes will. The wedge-shaped probes are systems that consist of two or three pointed one next to the other, largely the cross-section of the borehole matched wedges, which are arranged outside of the borehole Hydraulic cylinders can be moved axially against each other, making high radial forces are exerted on the borehole wall. The cylindrical probes which can only be used for larger borehole diameters consist of cylindrical bodies in which pistons extend hydraulically across the axis are arranged. By extending these pistons, the one surrounding the probes becomes Solid state body exposed to high tensile loads, which eventually lead to cracking and Cause destruction. The procedures are environmentally friendly, vibration and noise-free, but they only have an extraordinarily low performance, in terms of the quantities solved per unit of time, and are also very costly, so that they are only used in special cases and the best cannot fill the gap in demand. For the destruction of steel-reinforced concrete these methods are only applicable to a very limited extent.

Based on this prior art, the invention has according to the Preamble of claim 1 the task, a vibration and To develop noise-free pulse blasting process in which the emergence of harmful Gases or vapors is avoided. The method is intended to solve in situ existing rock or mineral from the deposit association, for crushing Rocks or minerals, for the destruction of concrete structures or Masonry and for carefully removing blocks from stone or Mineral deposits are used, first drilling holes and then using liquids or gases as pressure media these wells are brought into effect.  

This object is achieved according to the invention in the characterizing part of claim 1 listed features. After that, be won in the rock or mineral present in situ in the concrete structures to be destroyed or masonry and on the dividing surfaces to be created from blocks that come from the Deposit association are to be extracted, initially drilled holes made with Sealing devices closed and with pressureless liquid or gas be filled. Pressure supply lines penetrating through these sealing devices one or more successive impulses of high energy density in the Drilled holes initiated.

In contrast to other methods of hydraulic rock processing, in which the destruction or detachment work by braking a mass of water and Conversion of the kinetic energy of this mass into pressure energy is done at the method according to the invention followed the reverse path, in that Liquid or gas generated or stored in the gas used as the working medium Pressure energy is converted into kinetic kinetic energy.

In a further embodiment of the inventive concept can on the borehole walls one or more axially parallel borehole slots are produced. In one particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention are the side of the Borehole walls made slots using ultra-high pressure water jets produced.

In the method according to the invention and the associated technical However, the energy required is preferably not exclusively provided by devices Pumps or compressors introduced into the system, in energy accumulators or Boilers saved and by breaking rupture disks or fast Opening valves are converted into impulses through pressure supply lines be introduced into the boreholes. In a further embodiment of the The concept of the invention can have multiple boreholes via multiple pressure feeds lines are connected to a rupture disc or valve, whereby Shapes with low flow resistances can be selected. The clamping and Sealing devices at the free ends of the boreholes consist of elastomers preferably made of rubber; they can be located outside the borehole Clamping nuts or manipulators, which are moved by hydraulic cylinders are pressed and brought to the sealing effect.  

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention clear diameter of the pressure supply line is only slightly smaller than that Diameter of the borehole in order to minimize the impulses To be able to bring effect. The impulses can not only by Bursting discs, but also through pressure relief valves and controlled valves are triggered, which open very quickly and have a large flow cross-section release.

Another advantageous application of the invention results from the fact that the energy for multiple impulses that occur in multiple boreholes simultaneously or after one given time sequence, generated by only a maximum pressure pump, in only one energy accumulator and stored via connecting lines and Pressure supply lines are passed into the boreholes. It can be done in one special embodiment triggering the impulses in the individual Pressure supply lines through rupture disks with slightly different Burst pressure and one-way flow control valves take place. Between the rupture discs and the Throttle check valves are in a further embodiment of the inventive concept Energy accumulators arranged.

Another advantageous embodiment of the invention assumes that the Bursting of the rupture disks is triggered by pressure intensifiers that pass over a Servo circuit and 3/3-way valves are applied. Furthermore, the Pulse impacts for several drill holes assigned to each other through quick-opening controllable valves are triggered individually via a servo circuit and Control units are operated.

In a particularly advantageous device according to the invention, the Maximum pressure pump can be dispensed with two in one housing connected pressure intensifiers trigger the impulse, the first of which with a Oil hydraulic circuit is connected, and between the two pressure intensifiers Gas volume is located as an energy store.

Furthermore, fuel, fuel, explosive or gas according to the invention Generation of the pulse beat with or without switching on rupture disks used will.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the Explosive placed in a cartridge with primers used for the purpose of Generation of the pulse beat easily replaceable inserted in a cartridge storage  can be. It is possible to ignite electrically or through a Firing pin.

The pulse explosive method according to the invention by means of liquids or gases for Destroying stone, mineral, concrete or masonry or for targeted Blocks can be extracted from larger groups of the aforementioned substances use advantageously wherever the blasting process because of its Environmental pollution from the explosive gases, because of the occurring during the blasting Shocks, because of the noise or for safety reasons not or only to a very limited extent and with additional costly official Requirements can be used. This applies to quarries or mines extraction plants in the vicinity of residential areas or commercial facilities and also for the destruction or demolition of concrete structures or masonry in similar locations. Furthermore, the method according to the invention can with associated mechanical equipment in a particularly advantageous manner when Removing stone or mineral blocks from the deposit's association so-called quarrying can be used. In this release process, depending on The composition and strength of the rock or mineral are considerable forces and Energies are introduced, but the block to be separated because of the late ren processing must be treated extremely gently, so that none Cracks appear that restrict further processing or even make it impossible would. The method is also ideal for the destruction of steel-reinforced concrete because it is caused by the impulse when the rupture disc breaks resulting shocks, pressure surges and shock waves to a spatially very limited dynamic stress with extremely high energy density. The resulting resulting, also extremely high acceleration of the solid parts on the appropriate separation surface leads to the tearing of the steel reinforcing bars. At The use of liquid, preferably water, for pulse bursting Energy conversion after a very short time due to the low compressibility Separation paths completed, which greatly reduces noise and vibrations affects. If you place one or more slots in the wall of the borehole respective application appropriate arrangement forth, on the one hand effective area and thus the effectiveness of the entire process quite considerably enlarged, on the other hand the direction of crack propagation, which in particular when loosening blocks to obtain stone from the deposit association and at the destruction of reinforced concrete has great advantages.

The invention is described below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings tion proposals explained in more detail. Show it  

Figure 1 shows the schematic structure of a pulse explosive device by means of hydraulic fluid including the pressure generating system and the hydraulic energy accumulators.

Figure 2 shows the schematic structure of a hydraulic pulse blasting device for the simultaneous loading of three boreholes via a rupture disc.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the sealing and clamping connection between the supply line of the pressure medium and the borehole wall at the free end of the borehole.

Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment of the sealing and clamping connection between the supply line of the pressure medium and the borehole wall, which is pressed by means of a manipulator;

FIG. 5 shows different arrangements of side slits on the borehole wall to increase the effective areas;

Fig. 6 shows an embodiment for the preparation of the lateral wellbore slots by means of high pressure water jets;

Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of the pulse triggering by means of pressure limiting valve;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram for the pulse trigger actuated valve means.

Figure 9 is a hydraulic sequence circuit against the flow direction by means of built-in non-return throttle valves.

FIG. 10 is a hydraulic sequence circuit for the temporal succession of the pulse beats for a plurality of drill holes;

Fig. 11 shows a further hydraulic sequencing circuit with sequential firing;

FIG. 12 is a variant embodiment of using a pressure booster instead of the hydraulic pump;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram used for a process variant in which the force or explosive indirectly by a piston for generating the hydraulic pulse;

Fig. 14 is a schematic variant of the method, used in the force or explosive directly to the generation of the hydraulic pulse;

FIG. 15 is a particularly advantageous embodiment variant, can be dispensed with in the pressure accumulator on because the energy is generated for the pulse hammer through a column filled with explosive cartridge;

Fig. 16 is a schematic representation of a process variant for the use of gas as a pressure medium;

Fig. 17, the application of the inventive method to block or stone extraction.

Fig. 1 shows the schematic representation of an embodiment for the appli cation of the pulse explosive method according to the invention and the associated technical device, in which a hole ( 2 ) has been made in the rock, mineral, concrete or masonry ( 1 ). The pressure supply line ( 4 ) in the borehole ( 2 ) near the free end of the borehole ( 5 ) is tightly clamped by means of a clamping and sealing device ( 3 ), for which exemplary embodiments are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The component ( 6 ) contains an easily replaceable rupture disc ( 6 a). This bursting disk (6 a) is sealingly fixed by a special conical retaining ring (6 d), which is not visible in Fig. 1 in which from the coupling components (6 and 6 e f) existing component (6). Via the connecting line ( 7 ), the rupture disc ( 6 a) containing component ( 6 ) is hydraulically connected to a hydraulic energy accumulator ( 8 ), preferably a piston or bladder accumulator ( 8 ) and a high or maximum pressure pump ( 9 ) , which is supplied with the liquid from the tank ( 10 ).

The process and equipment work according to the so-called open system, ie the used hydraulic fluid is not returned to the tank. To carry out the hydraulic pulse blasting method, the borehole ( 2 ) and the pressure supply line ( 4 ) up to the rupture disc ( 6 a) are filled with hydraulic fluid, preferably water (see FIG. 3). The clamping and sealing device ( 3 ) prevents hydraulic fluid from escaping from the borehole. The pressure in the connecting line ( 7 ) and in the hydraulic energy accumulator ( 8 ) is then increased to the point at which the rupture disc ( 6 a) bursts via the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ). The maximum pressure required for the respective application can be set by suitable design and material selection of the rupture disc ( 6 a). The hydraulic energy accumulator ( 8 ) is also dimensioned according to the energy required to carry out the method in the respective application, preferably according to whether the hydraulic pulse detonation takes place simultaneously in one or more boreholes.

With the bursting of the rupture disc ( 6 a), an impulse is exerted on the liquid in the pressure supply line ( 4 ) and in the borehole ( 2 ), which leads to an extraordinarily high dynamic load on the rock, mineral, concrete or masonry surrounding the borehole and which causes tearing or destruction via tensile loads. Depending on the burst pressure of the rupture disc ( 6 a), borehole geometry and storage capacity, shock waves can also occur in the hydraulic fluid, which increases the destructive effect considerably again.

Immediately after the cracks appear in the material to be destroyed, the pressure breaks in the system together, whereby the hydraulic fluid flows out through the crack openings. in the Contrary to blasting, there is no further expansion and associated with it Acceleration of the parts separated by the pulse beat. This avoids vibrations and noise and barriers - from Apart from special cases - superfluous.

On Fig. 2 is a variant of the method according to the invention, in which the pulse blasting at the same time in three holes (2 a, 2 b and 2 c) is carried out, which also has three pressure supply lines (4 a, 4 b and 4 c) with in this If only one rupture disc ( 6 a) are connected. Depending on the application, even more drill holes can be connected to a rupture disc. However, it is also possible, according to FIG. 1, to assign a separate rupture disk ( 6 a) to each borehole. Furthermore, it is possible with the system according to the invention according to FIGS . 9 to 11 to limit pressure differences or controlled valves to achieve a bursting of the rupture disks ( 6 a) that follows in succession and follows. This can lead to considerable operational advantages, particularly when blasting concrete and when extracting blocks or stone.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, an application is shown in which the three boreholes ( 2 a, 2 b and 2 c) lie in one plane and with relatively short lateral borehole slots ( 11 a, 11 b, 11 c) are provided, which do not yet contribute much to the enlargement of the active borehole area, but which, due to their geometrical arrangement, dictate the direction of crack propagation and form notches as an additional weak point in the solid to be destroyed. The lateral borehole slots ( 11 a to 11 c) can be produced both with mechanical cutting tools and by means of ultra-high pressure water jets. The latter embodiment is described in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.

Regardless of whether the borehole slots ( 11 a to 11 c) are wider or less wide, there must be a sufficient safety distance between the slots and the clamping and sealing devices ( 3 a to 3 c) at the points ( 12 a to 12 c) be. The pressure supply lines ( 4 a, 4 b and 4 c) are brought together shortly before the component ( 6 ) containing the rupture disc in such a way that the bends are as small as possible and thereby the energy loss in the area of the fanning out when the pulse beat is transmitted or the shock waves remain relatively small. The component ( 6 ), in which the rupture disc ( 6 a) is arranged, corresponds in principle to the arrangement according to FIG. I. The maximum pressure pump ( 9 ) and the hydraulic energy accumulator ( 8 ) are not shown in FIG. 2 .

Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the clamping and sealing device ( 3 ) from the variety of possibilities. With this device, the pressure supply line ( 4 ) in the vicinity of the free borehole end ( 5 ) in the borehole ( 2 ) is adjusted and clamped, and the borehole chamber ( 2 ) is sealed off from the surroundings. In a particularly advantageous alternative solution, the clamping and sealing device can also be designed such that it contains the rupture disk. A sealing ring ( 13 ) made of an elastomer, preferably rubber, is supported on one side by the ring ( 14 ) attached to the pressure supply line ( 4 ) and on the other side by the displaceable sleeve ( 15 ) with a force which presses it against the wall of the borehole ( 2 ). The adjustment of the pressure feed line ( 4 ) in the borehole ( 2 ) takes place through the ring ( 14 ) and the sealing ring ( 13 ) facing the side of the displaceable sleeve ( 15 ). The sealing and adhesive bracing functions are performed by the sealing ring ( 13 ) compressed by the sleeve ( 15 ). The axial force for displacing the sleeve ( 15 ) is generated by the clamping nut ( 16 ), which is supported on the threaded sleeve ( 17 ), which is also attached to the pressure supply line ( 4 ). The filling line ( 18 ) and the shut-off valve ( 19 ) serve to fill the borehole ( 2 ) and the pressure supply line ( 4 ) with water. The filling line ( 18 ) has an extraordinarily small diameter compared to the pressure supply line ( 4 ) and is brought to the point ( 20 ) at an acute angle to avoid breaking the rupture disc ( 6 a) that the hydraulic pulse or the shock waves have a reaction on the filling line ( 18 ) and the shut-off valve ( 19 ).

A particularly advantageous embodiment for the clamping and sealing connection between the pressure supply line ( 4 ) and the borehole wall is shown in FIG. 4. Here a sealing ring ( 21 ), also made of an elastomer, preferably rubber, is pressed against the surface of the rock, mineral, concrete or masonry ( 1 ) to be destroyed. The sealing ring ( 21 ) is arranged in a flange-like extension ( 22 ) of the pressure supply line ( 4 ). This embodiment has the extraordinary procedural advantage that the diameter of the pressure supply line ( 4 ) need only be slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole ( 2 ), so that the pulse beat is passed on from the pressure supply line ( 4 ) into the borehole ( 2 ) with little loss . The pressure supply line ( 4 ) and the flange-like extension ( 22 ) with the sealing ring ( 21 ) are pressed against the surface of the body to be destroyed by a manipulator ( 24 ) activated by hydraulic cylinders ( 23 a and 23 b). In this way, an economically very advantageous mechanization of the preparatory work for the hy draulic pulse blasting is achieved.

Fig. 5 shows an example of a selection of various possible arrangements of lateral slots on the wall of the borehole ( 2 ), which initially have the advantage of increasing the effective area during pulse blasting and significantly increasing the crack formation by notching. In addition, the direction of crack propagation is predetermined by the side slots, so that a good and smooth formation of the separating surfaces can be achieved when several boreholes interact with side slots. The slots ( 25 ) were made with mechanical tools.

When using ultra-high pressure water jets, slots ( 26 ) can be produced according to the process technology described in FIG. 6, the effective area of which is ten times as large as the effective area of the borehole ( 2 ). For certain applications, for example in the extraction of blocks or stone (cf. Fig. 7) or in the targeted destruction of reinforced concrete or masonry, the side slots ( 27 ) can be arranged in a manner corresponding to the respective method and the tips of the neighboring boreholes, not shown be assigned. If one only wants to destroy existing rock or mineral, concrete or masonry, the slots ( 28 ) can be arranged in a radiation pattern around a borehole ( 2 ).

From Fig. 6 shows an embodiment for the preparation of the lateral wellbore slots by means of high pressure water jets can be seen. In order to produce the slot ( 26 ), a notch lance ( 29 ) is introduced into the borehole ( 2 ), which is connected via a line ( 30 ) to a high-pressure pump (not shown) and which has an unrecognizable laterally arranged nozzle of extremely small diameter at its free end through which the high pressure water jet ( 29 a) emerges. The lateral slot ( 26 ) is produced by single or multiple axial reciprocation of the notch lance ( 29 ). In order to produce several slots at the same time, several nozzles can be arranged on the notch lance ( 29 ) if the high-pressure pump has the appropriate performance.

Fig. 7 shows a further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention for hydraulic pulse blasting, in which the pulse is triggered by a pressure relief valve ( 31 ) specially designed for such purposes.

Corresponding to the rockfall valves that have already been tried and tested in longwall construction of underground hard coal mining in pressure ranges up to 500 bar, the pressure relief valve ( 31 ) is constructed in such a way that a very large flow cross-section is released in an extremely short time so that the energy stored in the energy accumulator ( 8 ) is released suddenly become free and can be fed into the borehole ( 2 ) via the pressure supply line ( 4 ). This mode of operation of the pressure relief valve ( 31 ) is achieved in that a throttle ( 31 a) builds up pressure in the small space ( 31 b) on the rear of the valve body ( 31 c), which has a valve seat ( 31 d) with a large opening cross section closes. If the pressure rises to the desired opening pressure, the pilot valves ( 31 e) open and allow the back pressure in the pressure chamber ( 31 b) to collapse very quickly. As a result, the valve body ( 31 c) is accelerated extremely quickly and a large flow cross-section is briefly released at the valve seat ( 31 d). The opening pressure of the pressure relief valve ( 31 ) - similar to the bursting pressure of the bursting disc ( 6 a) shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 - is determined according to the process engineering requirements. In the event of pulse bursts occurring simultaneously or in quick succession in several boreholes, the opening pressures of the respective pressure relief valves ( 31 ) can be coordinated with one another in slightly different stages. Then, however, additional check valves must be installed.

The likewise very advantageous exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8 shows a controlled hydraulic valve through which the hydraulic impulses are triggered. In particular, if the hydraulic impulses in a whole series of boreholes are to take place simultaneously or in a precisely predetermined time sequence, valves controlled in this way can be connected in parallel and used successfully. Via the connecting line ( 7 ), the valve is connected to the energy accumulator ( 8 ), not shown, and the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ), also not shown (see FIG. 1), while the pressure supply line ( 4 ) into the borehole, also not shown ( 2 ) leads (see Fig. 1). Before the pressure builds up in the connecting line ( 7 ), the valve body ( 32 ) is pressed onto the valve seat ( 34 ) by the spring ( 33 ) which is precisely matched to the mode of operation of the controlled valve in terms of force and spring characteristic. When the pressure in the connecting line ( 7 ) builds up, the pressure force between the valve body ( 32 ) and the valve seat ( 34 ) increases in such a way that the tightness of the valve is ensured even at the highest pressures. The sudden lifting of the valve body ( 32 ) and release of a large flow cross-section takes place through a hydraulic servo circuit, which consists of the pump ( 35 ), the tank ( 36 ), the additional hydraulic accumulator ( 37 ) and the 3/3-way valve ( 38 ). The 3/3-way valve ( 38 ) is held in the closed normal position by springs ( 39 a and 39 b). When the actuating magnet ( 40 ) is actuated, the 3/3-way valve ( 38 ) is moved into the switching position ( 41 ) and the piston ( 42 ) is suddenly subjected to pressure on its annular surface, so that the valve body ( 32 ) is very quickly removed from the valve seat ( 34 ) takes off and releases a large flow cross-section. The surface causing the pressure on the valve body ( 32 ) and the annular surface of the piston ( 42 ) are matched to one another in such a way that the pressure of the pump ( 35 ) with the support of the hydraulic accumulator ( 37 ) is able to open the valve body ( 32 ) can be brought about quickly and effectively even with the very high pressure prevailing in the connecting line ( 7 ). The switch position ( 41 ) of the 3/3-way valve ( 38 ) serves to close the servo-controlled valve when the connecting line ( 7 ) is depressurized.

A further exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 9 as a likewise very advantageous hydraulic sequential circuit which, by means of throttle check valves ( 43 a, 43 b and 43 c) installed counter to the direction of flow, allows the rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b and 6 c ) to burst. The rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b and 6 c) have slightly different, coordinated burst pressures or those due to manufacturing tolerances. The pressure is built up in the connecting line ( 7 ) by the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ), not shown. The throttles in the check valves ( 43 a, 43 b and 43 c) cause the pressure build-up to continue to the rupture discs ( 6 a, 6 b and 6 c). The energy accumulators ( 8 a, 8 b and 8 c) can be cut both in the manner shown in FIG. 9 and in the sections ( 7 a, 7 b and 7 c) of the connecting line ( 7 ). The one-way flow control valves are designed so that their closing behavior is based more on the flow rate than on the pressure difference.

If, for example, the rupture disc ( 6 a) bursts, the impulse is passed on to the corresponding borehole. Immediately afterwards, the flow velocity in the throttle check valve ( 43 a) becomes very high and the valve closes. The energy stored in the energy accumulator ( 8 a) has been consumed for the pulse beat. The throttle in the throttle check valve ( 43 a) allows only a volume flow to flow through the relaxed feed line ( 4 a), which is far more than a power of ten below the volume flow of the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ), not shown. The energy stored in the energy accumulators ( 8 b and 8 c) is thus unabated available for the impulses of the other two boreholes to which the pressure supply lines ( 4 b and 4 c) lead.

If the pressure in the connecting line ( 7 ) rises further, the rupture disk ( 6 b) then bursts, which due to its construction and material has a slightly higher burst pressure than the rupture disk ( 6 a). The same process is then repeated on the throttle check valve ( 43 b), on the energy accumulator ( 8 b) and in the pressure supply line ( 4 b). If the pressure in the connecting line ( 7 ) rises further, the process is repeated with the bursting of the rupture disc ( 6 c) then also in the throttle check valve ( 43 c), in the energy accumulator ( 8 c) and in the pressure supply line ( 4 c). The system shown can understandably also be used with more than three boreholes.

If the one or more energy accumulators ( 8 , 8 a, 8 b or 8 c) are arranged in the connecting line ( 7 ) or in their sections ( 7 a, 7 b, 7 c), then check valves ( 43 a, 43 b and 43 c) valves with a sluggish closing characteristic are used, which are dimensioned such that when one of the bursting discs ( 6 a, 6 b or 6 c) bursts, the hydraulic impulse can be passed through the valves unaffected and only then closes , if the pressure in the associated borehole and in the corresponding pressure supply line ( 4 a, 4 b or 4 c) breaks down as a result of the crack formation, ie destruction of the solid. Of course, there is also the possibility of arranging pressure accumulators both in the manner shown in FIG. 9 and additionally in the connecting line ( 7 ) or the branching sections ( 7 a, 7 b and 7 c).

FIG. 10 shows a further advantageous embodiment variant of the method according to the invention and the associated device for hydraulic pulse blasting with a predetermined chronological sequence in several boreholes. Check valves installed in the direction of flow ( 44 a, 44 b and 44 c) are installed in the sections ( 7 a, 7 b, 7 c) of the connecting line ( 7 ). In addition, between the connecting line ( 7 ) and the sections ( 7 a, 7 b and 7 c) is a shut-off valve ( 45 ) through which the connection between the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ), not shown, and the sections ( 7 a, 7 b and 7 c) is interrupted before the start of the hydraulic pulse detonation. The hydraulic impulses transmitted by the bursting of the rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b and 6 c) from the pressure supply lines ( 4 a, 4 b and 4 c) into the associated boreholes, not shown, are triggered by the fact that three hydraulic, by the pump ( 46 ) powered servo circuits pressurize the pressure intensifiers ( 47 a, 47 b and 47 c) on the primary side. The area ratio of these pressure intensifiers between the primary and secondary side is dimensioned such that the pistons on the secondary side move into the pressure chambers, on the one hand through the check valves ( 44 a, 44 b and 44 c) and on the other through the rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b and 6 c) are cordoned off. The pressure intensifiers ( 47 a, 47 b and 47 c) are actuated by solenoid-operated 4/3-way valves ( 48 a, 48 b and 48 c) which, in the neutral position - as shown in FIG. 10 - are switched to unpressurized circulation and which are preferably operated by electrical control pulses. The timing of these control pulses can be triggered by a predetermined program or by one or more, precisely coordinated timers ( 49 a, 49 b and 49 c). If, for example, the 4/3-way valve ( 48 a) is actuated by the timer (49a), the pressure intensifier ( 47 a) moves into the pressure space between the rupture disc ( 6 a) and the check valve ( 44 a). As a result, the pressure is increased until the rupture disc ( 6 a) bursts, the hydraulic energy stored in the energy accumulator ( 8 a) releasing the hydraulic pulse.

A further advantageous system variant is shown in FIG. 11, in which a chronologically graduated hydraulic pulse detonation takes place via an electrohydraulic sequential pulse triggering. The sections ( 7 a, 7 b and 7 c) of the connecting line ( 7 ) are connected to the energy accumulator ( 8 ), not shown, and the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ), also not shown. The controllable valves ( 50 a, 50 b and 50 c) correspond exactly in construction and mode of operation to the valves shown in FIG. 8. They are operated by a hydraulic servo circuit, which is fed by the pump ( 46 ). The electromagnetically operated 3/3-way valves ( 38 a, 38 b and 38 c) correspond in structure and operation to the 3/3-way valve ( 38 ) in Fig. 8. The springs keep them closed in the neutral position. The first pulse is triggered via the electrical signal line ( 51 ), through which the valve ( 38 a) is brought into the switching position ( 41 a). Due to the pump power and the energy stored in the hydraulic accumulator ( 37 ), the piston ( 42 a) of the valve ( 50 a) is moved extremely quickly to its stop and the valve body ( 32 a) is lifted from the valve seat ( 34 a) in the same way. As a result, the hydraulic pulse beat with the energy stored in the hydraulic energy accumulator ( 8 ) (not shown) is passed on to the first borehole via the pressure supply line ( 4 a). The resulting pressure increase in the pressure supply line ( 4 a) is registered by the electrical pressure sensor ( 52 a), converted into a control command and used to actuate the 3/3-way valve ( 38 b). Directly or with a slight delay, the 3/3-way valve ( 38 a) is first moved into the switch position ( 43 a) and then back into its closed neutral position via the same pulse from the electrical pressure sensor ( 52 a). When the controlled directional valve ( 50 b) is opened, the hydraulic impulse in the pressure supply line ( 4 b) takes place, and the electrical sensor ( 52 b) transmits the switching impulse to the 3/3-way valve ( 38 c) and releases directly or with extremely short time delay the closing pulse for the 3/3-way valve ( 38 b). The electrical sensor ( 52 c), which would trigger the next sequence in a fourth pressure supply line, not shown, responds via the resulting third pulse in the pressure supply line ( 4 c). The number of electrohydraulic sequences can be increased as required for the respective application.

A particularly interesting and effective system variant is the concept shown in FIG. 12, in which a pressure intensifier ( 53 ) is used instead of the maximum pressure pump ( 9 ), which is the basis for the embodiment variants of the invention shown in FIGS. 1 to 11. With this variant, hydraulic impulses can be realized with pressures in the order of 10,000 bar. On the primary side ( 54 ), the pressure booster ( 53 ) is connected to a conventional oil hydraulic circuit, the operating pressure of which is approximately 300 bar. The transmission ratio of the piston surface ( 54 ) to the piston surface ( 55 ) on the secondary side is approximately 1: 4 or 1: 5, so that there is a pressure in the gas volume ( 57 ) enclosed by the two pistons ( 55 ) and ( 56 ) sets about 1200 to 1500 bar. The pressure in the annular space ( 58 ), which is filled with pressure medium, preferably water, is higher than the gas pressure in the space ( 57 ) by the piston-annular area ratio of the piston ( 56 ). The pressure relief valve ( 31 ) (see FIG. 7) opens at a predetermined pressure and suddenly releases a large cross section, so that the gas pressure ( 57 ) under maximum pressure accelerates the piston ( 56 ) in an extremely short time and in the direction of the Can drive the stop ( 59 ) forward. This results in a further pressure increase as a result of the area ratio between the piston sides ( 56 ) and ( 60 ), which causes the pulse beat which is transmitted from the pressure chamber ( 61 ) to the pressure supply line ( 4 ) to reach the order of magnitude of 10,000 bar . The pressure limiting valve ( 31 ) closes in time enough so that a residual amount of pressure fluid remains in the annular space ( 58 ), which forms a cushion when the piston ( 56 ) hits the stop ( 59 ).

The technical device for a further, likewise very advantageous system variant of the hydraulic pulse detonation is shown in FIG. 13. With this system variant too, impulses up to the order of 10,000 bar can be introduced into the pressure supply line ( 4 ) and thus into the borehole (not shown). In an extremely thick-walled cylinder ( 62 ) there is a piston with the piston surfaces ( 63 ) and ( 64 ), which have a transmission ratio of approximately 1: 4 or 1: 5. On the primary side, ie below the piston surface ( 63 ), fuel, fuel or explosive is ignited, which was previously supplied through the opening ( 65 ). Under the explosion pressure of the fuel, fuel or explosive, the piston is moved at lightning speed against its stop ( 66 ) and thereby triggered by the piston surface ( 64 ) of the hydraulic pulse, which is passed on the Druckzu guide line ( 4 ) in the borehole, not shown . The pulse device is refilled through the feed line ( 67 ), which can be closed by the shut-off valve ( 68 ). The system works very advantageously both with and without a rupture disc.

Fig. 14 shows the same pulse hammer device (62), but without the piston according to Fig. 13, of which a certain, albeit very small delay in the dynamic system of the pulse impact device brings mass to be accelerated at even so pulse-compliant structure (62). Explosive substance is introduced through the opening ( 65 ) into the space ( 69 ) filled with hydraulic medium, preferably water. A separating mirror, not shown, can be located between the explosive gases and the pressure medium. After the explosive is ignited, a rapidly expanding gas volume and a pressure wave form in the space ( 69 ), which drives the pressure medium in the form of a hydraulic impulse at extremely high pressure via the pressure supply line ( 4 ) into the borehole (not shown). Refilling after the pulse has occurred is done via the feed line ( 67 ), which can be closed after filling with the shut-off valve ( 68 ). The explosive can also be inserted into the opening ( 65 ) in the form of a cartridge (cf. FIG. 15). With this device, impulses of around 10,000 bar can also be achieved.

Also in Fig. 15, a particularly advantageous variant embodiment for carrying out the pulse blasting method in which the pressure energy is not generated by a pump but through a column filled with explosive cartridge (82) with percussion caps (83) which are electrically or ignited by a firing pin can. The cartridge can be quickly replaced in a cartridge bearing ( 84 ) specially designed for this purpose, which is attached to the storage vessel ( 86 ) via a flange connection ( 85 ), which holds the amount of liquid ( 87 ) to be pressurized on the primary side in front of the rupture disc ( 6 a) ) contains. The energy charge of the explosive in the cartridge ( 82 ) and the volume of liquid ( 87 ) to be pressurized can be changed and optimally adapted to the respective application. Between the cartridge chamber (84) and of the pressurized quantity of liquid (87), a separation mirror (88) can be arranged, which (6 a) separates the explosive gases of the after the bursting of the bursting disc to be expelled amount of liquid (87).

The cartridge bearing ( 84 ) and the tube ( 86 ) are connected via the flanges ( 89 ) to the clamping and sealing device ( 3 ), in which the rupture disc ( 6 a) is arranged so that it can be replaced easily.

After the explosive is ignited in the cartridge ( 82 ), the amount of liquid ( 87 ) is subjected to extremely high pressure by the explosive gases, which leads to compression when water is used. When the rupture disc ( 6 a) bursts, the pulse strikes in the preferably filled with liquid ( 2 ) of the borehole and then the volume of liquid ( 87 ) is driven into the borehole ( 2 ).

An embodiment variant in which gas is used as the pressure medium is shown in FIG. 16. A high-pressure compressor ( 70 ), in its place also a gas bottle ( 71 ) can suck in air through a filter ( 72 ). This is compressed and pumped through the connecting line ( 7 ) into the thick-walled pressure vessel ( 73 ). Even when using a gas bottle ( 71 ), the pressure vessel ( 73 ) is required in order to suddenly make a sufficiently large gas volume available when the rupture disc ( 6 a) bursts and to be able to press it into the borehole ( 2 ) via the pressure supply line ( 4 ). When using a gas bottle ( 71 ) gases other than air can also be used, e.g. B. inert gases such as CO₂. The use of gases for pulse blasting has the disadvantage that the gas expanding after the cracking causes a certain amount of noise.

Fig. 17 shows an embodiment, as the hydraulic pulse blasting methods with laterally slotted holes to block or stone retrieval can be used. The block ( 74 ) has been prepared for the hydraulic pulse blasting method through the boreholes ( 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 and 79 ) with lateral slots and further boreholes (not shown) in the planes ( 80 and 81 ). Using the variants of the pulse blasting method shown in FIGS. 1 to 15 and the associated embodiments for the devices, the blasting can be carried out by simultaneously triggering the pulse beats for all boreholes or by a sequential sequence with extremely short time differences of the pulse beats. In the hydraulic pulse blasting method in particular, the loosening takes place extremely gently and without cracking in the block or stone to be blasted off.

Adapted to the respective process, the pulse explosion process can also be carried out in Quarry and mineral extraction companies, in the destruction of reinforced concrete and Masonry and when driving underground routes are used, whereby the borehole arrangement and slotting as well as the energy charge of the impact impulses and adjust the blasting system used according to the respective application.

Claims (20)

1.Shock and noise-free pulse blasting, in which the formation of harmful gases or swaths is avoided, for loosening in-situ rock or mineral from the deposit, for crushing rock or mineral lumps, for destroying structures made of concrete or masonry and for targeted, gentle removal of blocks from rock or mineral deposits, in which boreholes are first produced and then pulse pulses are brought into effect in these boreholes using liquids or gases as pressure media, characterized in that the clamping and sealing devices ( 3 ) closed and filled with unpressurized liquid or unpressurized gas boreholes ( 2 ) via pressure supply lines ( 4 , 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) a pulse or several successive pulses of high energy density are initiated. 2. The method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that that the pulse beat or pulses consist of a steep wavefront, which by converting preferably stored potential Pressure energy in kinetic kinetic energy arises. 3. The method and device according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the boreholes ( 2 ) on the borehole wall with one or more axially parallel borehole slots ( 11 a, 11 b, 11 c, 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ) are provided. 4. The method and device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized characterized in that attached to the side of the borehole walls Slots are created by high pressure water jets. 5. The method and device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the energy generated by pumps ( 9 or 35 ) and stored in energy accumulators ( 8 ) or pressure vessels ( 73 ) by breaking rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b, 6 c) or the quick opening of valves ( 31 , 43 a, 43 b, 43 c, 50 a, 50 b, 50 c) converted into impulses and via pressure supply lines ( 4 , 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) is introduced into the boreholes ( 2 ). 6. The method and device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that several boreholes ( 2 a, 2 b, 2 c) via pressure supply lines ( 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) with low flow resistances with a rupture disc ( 6 a) or are connected to a valve. 7. The method and device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the clamping and sealing device ( 3 ) is formed by a sealing ring ( 13 ) made of elastomer, preferably rubber, which via a clamping nut arranged outside the borehole ( 16 ) and Threaded sleeve ( 17 ) is pressed against the wall of the borehole ( 2 ). 8. The method and device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the seal on the surface of the rock, mineral, concrete or masonry to be destroyed via a sealing ring ( 21 ), which is centered with a flange-like extension ( 22 ) to the borehole axis and to the pressure supply line ( 4 ) via a manipulator ( 24 ) and corresponding hydraulic cylinders ( 23 a, 23 b) is pressed. 9. The method and device according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the clear diameter of the pressure supply line ( 4 , 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) is only slightly smaller than the diameter of the borehole ( 2 ). 10. The method and device according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a pressure relief valve ( 31 ) or a controlled directional valve ( 50 ) triggers the pulse by quickly releasing a large flow cross-section. 11. The method and device according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the energy for several impulses, which occur in several boreholes ( 2 ) simultaneously or after a predetermined time, generated by only one maximum pressure pump ( 9 ) in only one Energy accumulator ( 8 ) is stored and passed on via connecting lines ( 7 a, 7 b, 7 c) and pressure supply lines ( 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) into the boreholes ( 2 ). 12. The method and device according to claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the triggering of the impulses in the individual pressure supply lines ( 4 a, 4 b, 4 c) by rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b, 6 c) with slightly different burst pressure and throttle check valves ( 43 a, 43 b, 43 c). 13. The method and device according to claims 1 to 12, characterized in that between the rupture discs ( 6 a, 6 b, 6 c) and the throttle check valves ( 43 a, 43 b, 43 c) energy accumulators ( 8 a, 8 b, 8 c) are arranged. 14. The method and device according to claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the bursting of the rupture disks ( 6 a, 6 b, 6 c) is triggered by pressure intensifiers ( 47 a, 47 b, 47 c), individually via a servo circuit and 3/3-way valves ( 48 a, 48 b, 48 c) are applied. 15. The method and device according to claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the impulses for the individual boreholes ( 2 ) are triggered by quickly opening, controllable valves, which are individually via a servo circuit and control devices ( 38 a, 38 b, 38 c ) are operated. 16. The method and device according to claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the pulse beat is generated by two pressure intensifiers connected to one another in a housing, the first of which is connected to the piston surface ( 54 ) of the primary side with a normal oil hydraulic circuit which is on the piston surface ( 55 ) on the secondary side compresses a gas volume ( 57 ) which, when a pressure relief valve responds, briefly accelerates the piston ( 56 ) of the second pressure booster, which triggers the pulse stroke with its secondary piston side ( 60 ). 17. The method and device according to claims 1 to 16, characterized records that explosives are used to generate the impulse. 18. The method and device according to claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the explosive is in a cartridge ( 82 ) with squib ( 83 ) which is easily replaceable in a cartridge bearing ( 84 ), the ignition being electrical or by Firing pin can be done. 19. The method and device according to claims 1 to 18, characterized in that fuel or explosive is ignited on the primary side ( 63 ) of a pressure booster, the secondary side ( 64 ) exerts the pulse on the pressure medium and directly or via one or more rupture disks ( 6 , 6 a, 6 b, 6 c) in or into the boreholes. 20. The method and device according to claims 1 to 19, characterized in that gas for generating the pulse beat is used directly or via one or more rupture disks ( 6 , 6 a, 6 b, 6 c).