DE19603320A1 - Electronic programmable locking system with key - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has its electronic components integrated into preferably a standard lock cylinder. In the cylinder are components (64) for storing the codes specific to the lock, for identifying the key and to release the lock, as well as a mechanical block to transmit the movement of the key to the catch of the cylinder. In the cylinder is an energy store. In or on the key is an electronic component to store a specific code as well as an element to couple mechanically with the catch mechanism of the cylinder. In both the cylinder and the key are communications components for the exchange of identification codes by electromagnetic radiation.

Description

The invention is generally directed to a locking system with electronically pro grammable components, namely a lock and a matching one Key.

The history of the castle started about four millennia ago Egyptian wooden lock, which has several, vertically arranged, movable Contained cones by the key, a wooden board with recessed pins, had to be lifted open. This principle was around 150 years ago picked up again by the American Linus Yale and thus led to the Development of modern security locks, one in a housing rotatably mounted cylinder core with Boh arranged perpendicular to its axis stanchions is provided, which continue in the housing. In this hole there is an upper and a lower pin. These pens are made by feathers pressed up to a stop in the cylinder core and hold it at one certain angular position non-rotatable. By inserting the right one Against the spring force, the pins are wrenched out so far presses that all dividing lines between each upper and lower pin are flush complete with the lateral surface of the cylinder core and who now twists it that can.

Such cylinder locks are relatively safe. When a key is lost However, what can never be ruled out must be the entire locking cylinder exchanged, and also matching, new keys needed. This fact is particularly negative in the hotel industry noticeable. There is also a risk that a fraudulent hotel guest can have his room key copied so that he can access the to be able to provide suitable space. Finally, there is another big after  Part of such security locks that due to mechanical constraints the number of different locks of a locking system in some ways is limited to a few thousand, so that the same at large hotels, authorities or the like is not sufficient at all.

For this reason, electronically programmable locks are now available been wrapped. In a first embodiment of such a lock the key is designed as a plastic card similar to a credit card that is in an egg NEN appropriate slot of the door fitting is inserted and then by one Card reader is identified. If it is the right card, the Locking mechanism released, and by means of a rotary knob the hotel can now push the bolt and / or the latch mechanically back.

In another, previously known electronic lock, the key is as beardless Housing designed with integrated electronics, similar to the handle han standard security key, and such a key must at all no longer be introduced into the castle, but communicates similarly to one Remote control without contact with the lock.

What is common to the lock types, however, is that they have special locks system-specific door fittings must be used. With others Words, when installing such a lock, the entire mecha nik be exchanged. Because the holes for attaching the door fittings do not have to match the holes in conventional door locks new holes are drilled inside the door leaf. Often there is one Retrofitting of existing doors is not possible at all, because when the old castle the earlier holes are visible. The hotelier is in one in such a case, the entire door is required when installing electronic locks exchange sheets. The same problem arises when there is an accommodation wants to switch to another locking system after the fact, because the Be  the different electronic locks do not strike each other either are standardized.

This results from these disadvantages of the prior art Problem initiating the invention, an electronically programmable locking system to be designed in such a way that with a subsequent retrofitting of a mechani the safety lock do not make any changes to the door fitting to use the old door leaf unchanged.

The innovation according to the invention with which the problem described above is successfully tackled, is that all electronic compo elements of the lock integrated in a preferably standardized lock cylinder are. The idea of the invention is aimed at all mechanical Components of the lock, in particular lock case with bolt and / or latch as well as door fittings of an existing mechanical lock unchanged maintain and replace only the lock cylinder. To this All elements must be put into practice to implement ingenious ideas of an electronically programmable locking cylinder to a high degree miniaturi be siert because, for example, a one-sided unlockable cylinder a length of about 6.5 cm, an outer diameter of 1.2 cm and a spring-like locking tongue with a radial extension of only 1.8 cm.

The invention further provides the two functions of a conventional one Security key, namely identification of the key on the one hand and betä On the other hand, the castle has to be separated from one another. The first function is arranged from within the locking cylinder, electronic assembly pen, which for this purpose has a storage element for the lock-specific code are provided and also with a release are coupled, which allows the operation of the lock. On the other hand the movement of the locking element of the lock cylinder as before by the Derived (rotary) movement of the key.  

The electronic lock components require energy to function. So that it is not connected to the door leaf by means of a cable Lock must be performed, the invention sees one in the lock cylinder Integrated electrical energy storage, especially in the form of a battery.

The energy consumption of the lock according to the invention can thereby be reduced be that a switch in the circuit of the battery is turned on by a key to be inserted into the lock is locked. Here will Energy is only consumed during the locking process, and life battery life can be increased.

If the lock operation is beyond the manual rotation the key is derived, the battery is only by the elec tronics and possibly briefly burdened by a release element, and the Energy consumption is so low that by connecting solar cells to how recharging the battery for an unlimited period of time can be increased.

The lock cylinder according to the invention requires special training of Matching key: This has an electronic module for storage the key-specific code and an element for mechani coupling with the locking mechanism of the locking cylinder. It deals So this is not a purely mechanical key like conventional Chen security locks still in the form of a purely electronic key a chip card or a telecommunications module, but one Combining these two principles, one hand, the great advantages of one electronic key, namely almost any number of key codes, Un possibility of copying, reprogramming if a second person is lost key, etc., and on the other hand the advantages of a purely mechanical lock  activity resulting from the simple and therefore interference-free construction, in unites.

The key-specific identification code is read in the Lock cylinder and communication module arranged in the key pen, in particular for telecommunications by means of electromagnetic waves. The advantage of telecommunications is that there are no galvanic connections have to be made between the key and the locking cylinder, which are very unreliable with regard to the correct contact, because even the smallest impurities in the key cause a current flow and thus a Could prevent the key from being locked.

The electronic modules arranged in the key also require natural according to energy obtained by building a key in the key Group is arranged, which at least part of the received wave converts energy into a DC supply voltage. This will make each the locking process the necessary energy from the lock to the key transmitted so that no energy storage element are integrated in the same must and nevertheless the perfect function is always ensured.

A great advantage of the locking system according to the invention is that at Loss of a key the lock-specific code by the user arbitrarily can be changed. For this purpose he uses a supplied pro gramming device that u. a. also for reading the documented locking processes and / or attempts or also for service purposes such as programming the Lock cylinder used with an identification and release program can be.

In order to produce the appropriate keys for a lock code, a has Major customer for a large number of unprogrammed keys that are used Need a programming station also included on the new  lock-specific code can be programmed. These programming states one communicates with a key in the same way as the invention moderate lock, therefore the communication modules of the invention The programming station is largely identical to that of a lock.

To simplify operation, the lock programming device and / or the Key programming station can be coupled to a computer, where by a ge suitable software also has the appropriate functions from a technical Laypeople can be easily controlled. To print out the documented Locking operations and / or attempts can be made to the programming device and / or a pressure device can be connected to the computer that can be connected to it.

While preferred by means of the programming device, for example for service purposes directly influenced the electronics of the castle by galvanic means communication with the key takes place exclusively via an antenna and / or induction coil instead, which is also used for operation of the electronic components of the key, necessary energy is transmitted.

A permanent transfer of energy and / or information from the locking cylinder the key can only be obtained by means of an alternating electromagnetic field range, which is why the corresponding transmitter element (antenna or induction coil le) of the lock cylinder to the output of one of the existing DC chips AC power source is connected. The Energy transfer takes place predominantly when using an induction coil magnetically similar to the magnetic coupling within a transforma tors, when using an antenna, however, mainly via the electrical Field.

The output frequency of the AC voltage generator also serves as Carrier frequency for communication with the key and can to this Purpose can be modulated with an information, in particular data signal. It  does not cause any difficulties to the person skilled in the art from the known moduli the most suitable method.

On the other hand, the lock must also be able to read the key-specific code. Two different methods have proven useful for receiving such signals:
In a first method, energy is extracted from the electromagnetic field within the key by data-specific short-circuiting of a key induction coil, which energy can be detected in the lock by measuring the amplitude of the current flowing through the lock induction coil. For this purpose, a sensor for the current amplitude can be inserted between the AC voltage generator and the induction coil, the output signal after rectification and optionally smoothing can be interpreted and further processed as a digital key data signal.

In a second method, the key can be switched off with an active transmitter be prepared to switch the key-specific data signal modulated voltage generator and thereby sends to the castle. In that case the antenna and / or induction coil of the lock must be a component for De modulation of the received signal may be connected downstream.

Regardless of the transmission method selected, the key from sel received data evaluated for its identification. The reception The communication module is an evaluation module for this purpose downstream, according to the function of a comparator the received Da compared with the code stored in the lock. If they match and / or compatibility, the key is identified as suitable and the Locking mechanism is released to open the lock.  

For this purpose, an electro-mechanical actuator is activated, which converts electrical signal into a mechanical movement. According to the invention a miniaturized electric motor is used for this.

By actuating the actuator, in particular the electric motor, a mechani cal coupling between the positive and thus non-rotatable with the key sel coupled inner cylinder of the lock cylinder and its locking cam introduced. For this purpose, the actuator can move as a result specially shaped driver from the inner face of the rotatable In Slide the cylinder out in the axial direction so far that it fits into a special shaped recess of a part of the locking element designed as a circular ring engages positively, creating a non-rotatable connection between the lock cam and the key is made.

As long as the right key is not inserted into the lock, it remains Movement of the inner cylinder separated from the locking element. This is through reaches a thrust washer, which axially removes the driver from the locking element out and almost completely into the inner cylinder of the locking cylinder presses. Even if a wrong key is inserted, the driver becomes not pushed out of the inner cylinder: the axial pressure force of an internal one The spring tries to move the driver in the axial direction; the driver is supported on the thrust washer and therefore follows this spring pressure not in terms of movement.

Only when the thrust washer is released can the driver turn off Push formation of a coupling engagement axially into the locking element. Around the support of the thrust washer with a wrong key, the rejection To enable the thrust washer with the right key is the key same with its end facing away from the inner cylinder on a sleeve, wel che by means of an inwardly projecting shoulder of the lock cylinder Housing is fixed axially immovable, and the inner diameter is small  is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the thrust washer. This sleeve is fle xibel trained, for this purpose, for example. Axially parallel slots Have lateral surface, so that when the sleeve is widened by one amount the thrust washer due to axial spring pressure forces in the sleeve interior space is moved into it. Now the driver is no longer supported and can when the key is in the correct angular position, slide into the locking element .

For the defined expansion of the flexible and / or slotted sleeve, the Electric motor used, the shaft of which is axially parallel to the locking cylinder and so that it is aligned with and protrudes into the sleeve. On the wave of Electric motor are at least two radially movable centrifugal weights arranges which are pulled towards the shaft by radial tension springs. At a high-speed rotation of the electric motor move the centrifugal force weights to the outside, so that the diameter of a rewritten around them Circle is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the thrust washer. The widening of the sleeve thereby is sufficient to hold the thrust washer in to let their interior enter.

As a counterpart to the lock cylinder described above, the fiction appropriate keys via an antenna and / or induction coil for reception electromagnetic vibrations, which supply the electronics with Energy and / or to exchange data with the lock or a pro be used. To a sufficient amplitude of the received To ensure the alternating frequency signal, the antenna and / or In Production coil have certain minimum dimensions. This can be said realize a simple way in that the corresponding receiving elements are in the key handle.

To convert the AC voltage received into a supply DC voltage is used by a rectifier, which is the antenna and / or inductor  onsspule is connected. This DC voltage can be transmitted if necessary electronic voltage converter to a sufficient amplitude be raised.

So that the key according to the invention is not read by unauthorized persons can only be activated when the integrated electronics switch on received predetermined code signal. For this purpose, the antenna and / or induction coil, a module for demodulating a received Si gnals downstream.

To send data is in a first embodiment within the Key a switching element actuated by the electronics for short-circuiting the induction coil provided. This will cause the lock alternating electromagnetic field dampens what is inside the lock an increased current consumption of the induction coil can be detected.

In another embodiment there is a change within the key Voltage generator arranged, the output of which emits this signal is connected to the antenna and / or induction coil. For the transfer of Data becomes the carrier frequency of the AC voltage generator gnal modulated.

So that after the release of a lock, the rotary movement of the key to the loading actuation of the locking element can be used, a non-rotatable coupling tion between the key and the inner cylinder. Here to the key bit, which preferably has a flat shape and / or one complementary, angular cross-section of the recess of the inner cylinder points.  

Additional features, details, and advantages are provided based on the invention from the following description of an embodiment of the invention as well as from the drawing. Here shows:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the externally accessible front face of he inventive lock cylinder,

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the FIG. 1 with the key inserted,

Fig. 3 is a plan view in the direction of arrow III on the rear end face of the lock cylinder gem. Fig. 2 plate with removed covering,

Fig. 4 shows the detail IV from Fig. 2 in an enlarged scale but without the inserted key,

A key Fig. 5a is a block diagram of the electronic components, fiction, modern,

Fig. 5b is a block diagram of the electronic components of the erfindungsge MAESSEN lock cylinder,

Fig. 6 is a Fig. 4 representation corresponding with inserted key during the identification phase of this key,

Fig. 7 is a flowchart showing the operation sequence of the electric lock nik,

Fig. 8 is a representation corresponding to Fig. 6 in a state where the identification of the key has been completed and an actuator is confirmed to release the locking element, and

Fig. 9 is a representation corresponding to FIG. 8 in a state where the driver is inserted into the locking element due to a suitable rotational position of the key.

In Fig. 1 the visible on the fitting of a door leaf face 1 of an inventive lock cylinder 2 is shown . One recognizes the cylinder housing 3 , which has an upper, to the longitudinal axis 4 of the lock cylinder 2 concentric cylinder jacket 5 , to which a radially outwardly projecting, in the usual installation position pointing downward, spring-like Arretierungszun ge 6 connects. This spring-like locking tongue 6 usually contains the rotational movement of the key inhibiting pins and also a transverse to the plane of symmetry 7 bore 8 for receiving a screw from the front side in the door leaf screw for anchoring the lock cylinder 2 in the door leaf.

An inner cylinder 9, which can be rotated about the longitudinal axis 4, is located within the cylindrical shell-shaped housing part 5 . This is provided with a slot-shaped recess 10 for inserting the appropriate key 11 .

The known lock cylinder 2 is optimized for use in the hotel industry, where in the future only panic locks will be installed, which cannot be locked from the inside with a key. Therefore, there is no inner cylinder on the opposite end face 12 of the locking cylinder 2 . Rather, the electronics of the locking cylinder 2 are arranged here under a removable cover 13 . A circuit board 14 arranged within the plane of symmetry 7 of the locking cylinder 2 is equipped with electronic components on both sides for this purpose. Above this in the spring-like locking tongue 6 installed electronic circuit board 14 is a compartment 15 for receiving a battery. A miniaturized electric motor 16 serves as a link between the electronics 14 and the locking mechanism IV.

The mechanism IV is shown enlarged in FIG. 4. Within a cross-section approximately rectangular incision 17 through the upper part 5 of the Zylindergehäu ses 3 , the actual locking element 18 is added. This one-piece part has the shape of a circular ring 19 concentric with the longitudinal axis 4 with a radially outwardly projecting locking cam 20 . In the matching key sel 11 , the locking element 18 is rotatably coupled to the inner cylinder 9 , so that the rotational movement of the key 11 is converted into a corresponding movement of the locking cam 20 .

The mechanical coupling between the rotatable inner cylinder 9 and the locking element 18 is made by a slidable along the longitudinal axis 4 with 21 participants . This has approximately the shape of a circular ring 22 which is central to the longitudinal axis 4 and which is received in an axially parallel depression 23 in the inner end face 24 of the inner cylinder 9 . The remaining between the recess 23 and the outer circumferential surface 24 of the inner cylinder 9 , the hollow cylindrical wall is provided with two diametrically opposed longitudinal slots 25 , in which correspondingly shaped, radial extensions 26 of the driver 21 engage to cause a longitudinal displacement between these two elements 9 , 21 to enable, however, to prevent a relative rotation.

On the other hand, the recess 27 of the locking element 18 is provided with not shown in the figure, projecting to the longitudinal axis 4 locking lugs, to which the driver 21 has complementarily shaped notches, so that the driver 21 is moved into the recess 27 of the locking element 18 and who can then is rotatably coupled to the locking element 18 . In the position shown in FIG. 4, the driver 21 has no rotational connection with the locking element 18 and even with a rotational movement of the inner cylinder 9 , the locking cam 20 would remain inactive.

The driver 21 is held in position by a snap ring 28 which is inserted into a circumferential groove of the inner cylinder 9 . The snap of the driver 21 in the locking element 18 is prevented by a thrust washer 29 which supports the driver 21 against the pressure of a coil spring 30 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 4 . The spring 30 is received in a leading manner in a radially tapered depression 31 of the depression 23 and presses permanently against the end face 32 of the driver 21 facing the front side 1 of the locking cylinder 2 .

The slot-shaped depression 10 for the key 11 has in the area of its Bo dens 33 a back-turned, circular-cylindrical extension 34 , which is completed towards the slot 10 by an inserted plate 35 . This plate 35 is gekop pelt with a rearward, concentric to the longitudinal axis 4 pin 36 , which is a concentric bore between the slotted bottom 33 and the recess 31 and the coil spring 30 and part of the driver 21 through. In an internal thread of the pin 36 , a helical Rückholele element 37 is screwed, which passes through a central recess of the pressure plate 29 , while the head 38 of the driver 37 engages the pressure plate 29 behind.

This inherently rigid assembly of plate 35 , pin 36 and return element 37 is by means of a further, stronger coil spring 39 , which surrounds the pin 36 and is inserted between the plate and the bottom 33 of the slot 10 , in the direction of the visible side 1 of Lock cylinder 2 pressed until the plate 35 rests on the shoulder between the extension 34 and the slot 10 . By means of the retractor 37 and the thrust washer 29 , the driver 21 is completely pushed out of the locking element 18 and into the depression 23 of the inner cylinder 9 , so that the coupling between the inner cylinder 9 and the locking element 18 is canceled. In this state, the driver 21 is positively pressed by the spring 30 against the thrust washer 29 .

In this state, the thrust washer 29 is completely drawn into the cavity 27 of the locking element 18 . This allows a parallel to the Längach se 4 divided into two half-shells and thereby flexible sleeve 41 , which closes to the inner end face 12 of the lock cylinder 2 towards the incision 17, to contract behind the pressure plate 29 under the influence of radial springs 42 until the front edges 43 of this sleeve 41 support the outer edge area of the thrust washer 29 in a form-fitting manner. The sleeve 41 is in turn supported in the rear area on an inwardly projecting contact shoulder 44 of a mounting insert 45 firmly connected to the cylinder housing 3 . In this state, the thrust washer 29 cannot be pressed out of the interior of the locking element 18 , even if a key 11 is inserted into the slot 10 and the plate 35 , the pin 36 and the return element 37 are thereby pressed inwards.

So that the driver 21 can at least partially slide into the locking element 18 , the thrust washer 29 must move back into the interior of the sleeve 41 . This is only possible if the sleeve 41 is expanded radially. For this purpose, the electric motor 16 is used , the shaft 46 of which is arranged concentrically with the longitudinal axis 4 of the locking cylinder 2 . On the motor shaft 46 , a Di punch sleeve 47 is pushed on and is penetrated together with the shaft 46 by a transverse bore for a radial cross pin 48 , which is completed by nail-like stop heads at its two ends. Each of the two halves of the cross pin 48 carries between the spacer sleeve 47 and the stop head 49 each have a centrifugal force weight 50 which, when the electric motor 16 is at a standstill, due to the force of a spiral spring 51 which concentrically surrounds the cross pin 48 and is supported on the stop head 49 in question is pressed. At high-speed rotation of the electric motor 16 , the centrifugal weights 50 can, however, be driven against the restoring force of the springs 51 to the outside until they abut the sleeve 41 and thin this.

The task of the electronics 14 is to recognize the correct key 11 and then to switch on the electric motor 16 in order to couple the locking mechanism IV with the key 11 . A block diagram of the electronics 14 integrated in the locking cylinder 2 is shown in FIG. 5b. After inserting a battery 52 into the battery compartment 15 and snapping on the cover 13 , the locking cylinder is in principle ready for operation and can be built into the door leaf. In order to protect the battery 52 , a button 54 is switched on in its circuit 53 , which is actuated by inserting a key 11 .

For this purpose, a pin 55 is used , which almost completely penetrates the spring-like locking tongue 6 along de ren plane of symmetry 7 and presses with its lower end on the button 54 , while its upper end is connected to a spacer pin 56 . The spacer pin 56 is pressed by a transmission pin 55 concentrically surrounding spiral spring 57 onto the outer surface 24 of the inner cylinder 9 , where it finds a hole at a certain angular position of the inner cylinder 9 , in which it can snap under locking of the inner cylinder 9 . As a result, a retaining pin 58, which is present in this bore anyway, is pressed into the interior of the slot 10 . The pins 56 and 58 corresponding to their mechanical function, for example the upper and lower pins of conventional security locks. The cable connection 53 from the battery 52 to the pushbutton 54 and from there to the electronics 14 is laid through a cable duct 63 which passes through the spring-like locking tongue parallel to the longitudinal axis 4 of the locking cylinder 2 .

Due to the manufacturing process, the battery 52 has an output voltage of approximately 1.2 V, while the other electronic components require a supply voltage of approximately 5 V. Therefore, an electronic voltage converter 62 is available on the circuit board 14 , which generates the necessary output voltage of 5 V.

A microprocessor 64 is provided on the circuit board 14 as the central assembly. This controls the electric motor 16 via an amplifier 65 and is connected to communication with the key 11 with a telecommunications module 66 . An induction coil 67 is in turn connected to the telecommunications module 66 .

The induction coil 67 is located in a recess 68 in the end face 1 of the spring-like locking tongue and is covered with a cap 69 . The connection between the induction coil 67 and the communication module 67 is also routed through the cable duct 63 .

Finally, a socket 70 is provided as a direct interface to the microprocessor 64 for connecting a programming device (not shown) to the rear end face 12 of the locking cylinder 2 . With the programming device, a memory 84 integrated in the microprocessor 64 can be loaded with the operating program, the function of which is shown approximately in FIG. 7.

The matching to the lock cylinder 2 key 11 represents a combination of mechanical and electronic key. The necessary to actuate the locking device IV beard 60 is provided with a handle 71 of flat shape and, for example. Circular base. In the handle 71 there is a continuous recess 72 for attachment to a keychain or the like.

Furthermore, a so-called transponder chip 73 is located in the handle 71 , which handles the communication with the lock electronics 14 . An induction coil 74 serves as a transmitting and / or receiving element , which together with a capacitor 75 connected in parallel forms an oscillating circuit which is influenced by the transponder chip 73 . The voltage induced in the coil 74 is rectified by a coupled assembly 81 of the transponder chip 73 in order to generate an internal supply voltage therefrom. So that the highest possible voltage amplitude is available, the induction coil 74 is guided along the outer circumference of the key handle 71 , so that the chaining with the field generated by the induction coil 67 of the lock cylinder 2 is as high as possible.

The transponder chip 73 is controlled by an integrated microcontroller 76 , which accesses an integrated memory 77 for this purpose and in turn processes the control program stored there in time with a pulse generator 78 which derives its clock from the received signal from the induction coil 74 . For communication with the locking cylinder 2 , a modulation module 79 and a demodulation module 80 are present, as well as an analog driver circuit 81 for the resonant circuit 74 , 75 .

In FIGS. 6 through 9, the time sequence of the phases is a Sperrvor shown gangs. It can be seen in Fig. 6 that when a key 11 is inserted, its beard 60 presses on the plate 35 in the axial direction and thereby pushes the pin / return combination 36 , 37 in front of it, with compression of the coil springs 39 and 40 . The positive connection between the head 38 of the return element 37 and the thrust washer 29 is now canceled; however, this does not recede, since it is still supported on the sleeve 41 .

As can also be seen from FIG. 2, the notch 61 at the same time engages on the lower longitudinal edge 59 of the key bit 60 on the pin 58 , and the key 11 is thereby held in its inserted position by the contact pressure of the coil spring 57 . Furthermore, the pins 56 , 58 are pushed so far away from the longitudinal axis 4 of the inner cylinder 9 that their separating surface is now flush with the outer surface 24 of the inner cylinder 9 and the latter can now be rotated.

Finally, the push button 54 is actuated via the pin 55 , as a result of which the circuit 53 closes and the battery voltage 52 is applied to the voltage converter 62, which generates the necessary supply voltages 82 , 83 for the microprocessor 64 and the telecommunications module 66 . As a result of this, after a short initialization phase 86 of the microprocessor 64, the flowchart 85 stored as a program in the memory 84 according to FIG. 7 is processed.

Here, the transmission or transponder coil 67 is first excited with an alternating frequency of about 125 kHz via the telecommunications module 66 in order to build up a long-wave magnetic field. This magnetic field induced in the coil 74 of the key 11 a corresponding AC voltage is first rectified in the turned-on module 81 to the Elektronikkom 73 components of the transponder chip a DC supply voltage gen to erzeu. Due to the extremely low power consumption of the transponder chip 73 is provided as energy store is a Sufficient capacitor with a low capacitance, which is charged in a few microseconds.

After generation 87 of the alternating magnetic field, the microprocessor 64, in a next step, reads a recognition code from the memory 84 and supplies the oscillator 88 of the telecommunications module 66 , which modulates it onto its carrier frequency oscillation. After amplification 89 , the detection code is now emitted via the induction coil 67 of the locking cylinder 2 and sent to the key 11 90. There, part of the received signal is supplied to a demodulation block 80 by the reception module 81 , which generates the detection code from it and sent it to the Controller module 76 passes. This compares the received identification code with a comparison code stored in the memory 77 ; if the two codes are not identical or compatible with each other, the transponder key remains passive. This identification code transmission 90 may remain in a simplified embodiment.

If the code matches, the control unit 76 causes the memory 77 to take the key-specific code from a specific memory block and to output it to the modulation module 79 in bit series. There, the successive bits are processed in accordance with the type of modulation specified by the controller 76 , for example by data-dependent phase shifting or frequency change of a rectangular pulse signal or by so-called Manchester modulation, an edge being generated on each rising edge of the clock generator 78 , the direction ( rising or falling) represents the value of the current data bit (high or low).

The modulation signal thus generated is in turn transferred serially to the driver block 81 , which now closes, for example, at every high level of the modulator output signal, a parallel to the induction coil 74 , switches and thereby attenuates the electromagnetic field. As a result, the current consumption of the induction coil 67 is changed in accordance with the key code, which is sensed by a corresponding reading unit 91 of the telecommunications module 66 . The signal received in this way is optionally demodulated and read 92 serially into the microprocessor 64 and is now available there for identification of the key.

For this purpose, the microprocessor 64 takes the lock-specific code from the internal memory 84 and compares 93 this with the read data signal of the key 11 . This can be done bit by bit, for example, or by subtracting the two binary numbers, so that a subtraction result of zero indicates the identity of the two binary numbers.

The key-specific or lock-specific codes have a length of, for example, 32 bits, which corresponds to one memory block each of the memories 77 , 84 . If necessary, the number of bits can be increased further, but this should not be necessary for the security of the locking system according to the invention, since a binary number with 32 digits allows about 4.3 trillion different combinations, so that it is completely impossible to find the right one Find out the combination by trying it out.

Furthermore, it is possible to allow multiple re codes for certain locks of a locking system, so that, for example, in addition to the guest keys, staff keys and / or central keys can also be used to unlock certain locks in hotels. In such a case, a plurality of codes can be stored in the lock internal memory 84 , which are then compared in the course of the comparison step 93 one after the other with the read data signal of the inserted key 11 .

If the data signal read does not match any of the lock-specific codes 94 , the locking process is terminated immediately. For this purpose, the locking attempt is recorded in the internal memory 84 , for example by storing 95 the current date, time and the inadmissible key code or a part thereof. Then the electronics is switched off 96 to protect the battery 52 .

If, however, the data code received by the key 11 matches one of the permissible codes stored in the memory 84 , a logic high level is generated at a control output 97 of the microprocessor 64 . This logic signal 97 is amplified by a downstream low-impedance voltage follower 65 and is used to control the electric motor 16 in order to switch it on 98.

The electric motor 16 is a miniaturized direct current motor with a noble metal commutation system. For example, of the type ESCAP 707 L 61. Such motors have an output of 0.25 watts at a nominal voltage of - depending on the embodiment - 2 to 4.5 V and an idling speed of about 11000 revolutions. The mechanical time constant of such a motor is about 10 ms. However, since the motor 16 is loaded with the centrifugal weights 50 according to the invention, the start-up time is somewhat delayed. Nevertheless, after approximately 30 to 50 ms, a rotational speed is reached at which the centrifugal force weights 50 move radially outward, as is shown in FIG. 8. They press the two halves of the sleeve 41 against the restoring force of the springs 42 outwards. This slight shift of a fraction of a mm manages each but in the interior of the sleeve 41 sufficient space for entering the thrust washer 29, which is now by the compression spring 40, and under expansion thereof se in the Sleeve Shirt is pressed 41, as shown in Fig. 8.

Due to the small mass of the thrust washer 29 , the retraction of the same ben into the sleeve 41 is at the latest after a period of about 80 to 90 ms calculated from switching on the 98 of the electric motor 16 by means of the control output 97 , so that after a waiting period 99 of From 100 ms to circuit 100 of the electric motor 16, the level at the control output 97 can be reduced back to ground potential. Because the sleeve 41 now remains in the expanded state as a result of the inserted thrust washer 29 , even if the centrifugal weights 50 are again pulled inwardly by their spiral springs 51 . The electronics 14 has thus created all the prerequisites for a locking process and can now document the process 95 and then immediately switch off the electronics 96 in order to protect the battery 52 .

Now it is up to the key holder, - if necessary by trial and error Ver turning the key bit 60 -, a with the current position of the locking element 18 matching angle of rotation position of the inner sleeve 19 herbeufüh ren, so that the inwardly projecting locking pins of the locking element 18 each have a cross-sectionally shaped locking recess find the driver 21 and thereby create space to give in to the driving force of the tensioned spring 30 by an axial 4 sliding movement. The rotational position of the inner cylinder 9 and the locking element 18 mostly coincide with each other, because the key 11 can only be removed due to the retaining pin 58 when the locking cam 20 is approximately at the lowest point of each rotary movement, where it is then held by force of gravity. In practice, the driver 21 will therefore usually snap into the blocking element 18 at the same time as the thrust washer 29 retreats.

The driver 21 then partially enters the cavity of the locking element 18 , but without completely leaving the depression 23 and in particular the radial slots 25 of the inner cylinder 9 , and is now non-rotatably coupled to these two elements 9 , 18 . Therefore, each further rotary movement of the key 11 is now directly converted into a pivoting movement of the locking cam 20 about the longitudinal axis 4 of the lock cylinder 2 , and by further turning the key 11 , the locking cam can be engaged with the lock bolt and / or the latch and thus out the striking plate of the door frame can be pulled back so that the door leaf can swing open.

Claims (39)

1. Electronically programmable locking system with a lock and a matching key ( 11 ), characterized in that all electronic components ( 14 ) of the lock are integrated in a preferably standardized locking cylinder ( 2 ). 2. Locking system according to claim 1, characterized in that in the locking cylinder ( 2 ) electronic assemblies ( 84 ; 64 ; 65 ) for storing the lock-specific code, for identifying the key ( 11 ) and for releasing the lock are arranged, as well as a mechanical coupling assembly (IV) for transmitting the movement of the key ( 11 ) to the locking element ( 18 ) of the locking cylinder ( 2 ). 3. Locking system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an electrical energy store ( 52 ) is arranged in the locking cylinder ( 2 ). 4. Locking system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an electronic module ( 77 ) for storing the key-specific code is arranged in or on the key ( 11 ) and an element ( 60 ) for mechanical coupling with the locking mechanism (IV ) of the locking cylinder ( 2 ). 5. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by communication modules ( 66 ; 73 ) in the locking cylinder ( 2 ) and in the key ( 11 ) for exchanging the identification code by means of waves, in particular of an electromagnetic nature. 6. Locking system according to claim 3 in conjunction with claim 5, characterized in that in the key ( 11 ) an assembly ( 81 ) is arranged which converts at least part of the received wave energy into a DC supply voltage. 7. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a programming station for programming the key ( 11 ) with the key-specific code. 8. Locking system according to claim 7, characterized in that the Communication module (s) of the programming station with that (those) of a castle is (are) largely identical. 9. Locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a programming device for programming the locking cylinder ( 2 ) with the identification and release program and / or with the lock-specific code, and optionally for reading out the documented locking processes and / or attempts. 10. Locking system according to claim 9, characterized in that the interface between the programming device and the locking cylinder ( 2 ) is designed as a plug-socket connection ( 70 ). 11. Locking system according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized characterized in that the programming station and / or Programming device can be coupled to a computer. 12. Locking system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized characterized in that to the programming device and / or to the Computer to print out the documented locking processes and / or - try a pressure device is connectable. 13. Electronically programmable lock, in particular as part of a locking system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by an integrated battery ( 52 ) for supplying the electronics ( 14 ) with energy. 14. Lock according to claim 13, characterized in that in the circuit ( 53 ) of the battery ( 52 ) a button ( 54 ) or switch is turned on, the contacts of which are closed by a key to be inserted into the lock ( 11 ). 15. Lock according to claim 13 or 14, characterized by an element ( 84 ) for storing the lock-specific code. 16. Lock according to claim 15, characterized in that an interface to the memory element ( 84 ) in the form of a socket ( 70 ) is led out for connection of a programming device. 17. Lock according to one of claims 13 to 16, characterized by an antenna and / or induction coil ( 67 ) for supplying the key ( 11 ) with energy and / or for exchanging data with the key ( 11 ). 18. Lock according to claim 17, characterized by one of the battery ( 52 ) fed ( 62 , 82 , 83 ) alternating voltage generator ( 88 ) which is coupled on the output side to the antenna and / or induction coil ( 67 ). 19. Lock according to claim 18, characterized by a module ( 88 ) for modulating the output signal of the AC voltage generator ( 88 ) with a data signal. 20. Lock according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that in the circuit of the antenna or the induction coil ( 67 ) a module ( 91 ) for measuring the current amplitude is switched on. 21. Lock according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the antenna, induction coil ( 67 ) and / or the current sensor ( 91 ) is followed by a module ( 91 ) for demodulating and / or decoding a received signal. 22. Lock according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the current measuring module ( 91 ) or the demodulation module is followed by a module ( 64 ) for evaluating its output signal. 23. Lock according to claim 15 in connection with claim 22, characterized in that the evaluation module ( 64 ) has the form of a comparator which compares the received data with the data stored in the lock ( 84 ). 24. Lock according to claim 22 or 23, characterized by an actuator which is controlled ( 65 ; 98 ) by the evaluation module ( 64 ) if the received data is permissible ( 93 ). 25. Lock according to claim 24, characterized in that the actuator is a miniaturized electric motor ( 16 ). 26. Lock according to claim 25, characterized by a mechanism operated by the electric motor ( 16 ) for controlling the coupling engagement of a driver ( 21 ) arranged between the inner cylinder ( 9 ) of the locking cylinder ( 2 ) and its locking cam ( 20 ) so that it can move axially ( 4 ). . 27. Lock according to claim 26, characterized in that the control mechanism has a thrust washer ( 29 ) which supports the driver ( 21 ) in the direction of the longitudinal axis ( 4 ) of the lock cylinder ( 2 ) against the axial pressure force of a spring ( 30 ) ( Fig. 4). 28. Lock according to claim 27, characterized in that the thrust washer ( 29 ) is axially ( 4 ) supported on a flexible sleeve ( 41 ), which in turn on an inwardly projecting shoulder ( 44 ) of the locking cylinder ( 2 ) axially ( 4 ) is fixed immovably, and the inside diameter of which is slightly smaller than the outside diameter of the thrust washer ( 29 ). 29. Lock according to claim 28, characterized in that the lock cylinder ( 2 ) axially parallel ( 4 ) shaft ( 46 ) of the electric motor ( 16 ) protrudes into the sleeve ( 41 ) and has at least two radially ( 48 ) movable centrifugal weights ( 50 ) which are pulled towards the shaft ( 46 ) by radial springs ( 51 ). 30. Lock according to claim 29, characterized in that the diameter of a circle described by the centrifugal weights ( 50 ) in its inwardly retracted position ( Fig. 4) is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the pressure disc ( 29 ). 31. Electronically programmable key ( 11 ), in particular as part of a locking system according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized by an antenna and / or induction coil ( 74 ) for supplying the electronics ( 73 ) with energy and / or for exchanging data with the lock electronics ( 14 ) or with a programming device. 32. Key according to claim 31, characterized in that the antenna and / or induction coil ( 74 ) is followed by a rectifier ( 81 ). 33. Key according to claim 31 or 32, characterized in that the antenna and / or induction coil ( 74 ) is followed by a module ( 80 ) for demodulating and / or decoding a received signal. 34. Key according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized by a switching element which can be actuated by the electronics ( 73 ) for short-circuiting the induction coil ( 74 ). 35. Key according to one of claims 31 to 33, characterized by an alternating voltage generator which is coupled on the output side to the antenna and / or induction coil ( 74 ). 36. Key according to claim 35, characterized by a module for Modulation of the output signal of the AC voltage generator with a data signal. 37. Key according to one of claims 31 to 36, characterized by a programmable memory ( 77 ) for the key-specific code, which for storing, deleting and / or reading out data with the demodulation ( 80 ), the modulation or a coding module ( 79 ) and / or the switching element for short-circuiting the induction coil ( 74 ). 38. Key according to one of claims 31 to 37, characterized in that the antenna and / or induction coil ( 74 ) is integrated in the key handle ( 71 ). 39. Key according to one of claims 31 to 38, characterized by an insertable into the lock and thereby with a locking element ( 18 ) rotatably coupled (IV) beard ( 60 ).