DE1634735A1 - Shovel loader - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an end-face shovel loader with a working mechanism that enables a digging movement, to give the loader shovel a horizontal digging movement without moving the loader vehicle.

For years, the front-end shovel loaders existed in the. essentially from a loading shovel of any type, those protruding from the chassis of a vehicle, hydraulically actuated arms was stored, with the travel movement for the horizontal or scraping movement of the loading shovel of the vehicle. was exploited while the arms were used to lift the loading shovel. That kind of brdmobile machine started in numerous use cases the conventional backhoe with its backhoe replacing, eliminating the need for increased bucket capacity and reduced duty cycle time were raised. The G-guarantee The increased capacity required enlargement of the machine made the movement of the whole

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Machine inadvisable for practical reasons as well as cumbersome and slow. This G-rund became in many Cases of the shovel actuation mechanism modified so that the shovel movement in addition to the usual lifting or vertical component a horizontal component or digging movement can be given.

The scraping component is usually ensured by pivotably mounting the shovel arm at the end of a scraper lever or a scraper rod, which in turn is pivotably mounted on the bogie of the machine. A hydraulic working cylinder mounted on the bogie is used to pivot the scraper lever around its mounting on the bogie in order to be able to advance and retract the loading shovel outwards. The arrangements for lifting the loading shovel, however, are subject to greater variations. Most often, the hydraulic working cylinder is mounted at the end between the scraper and the lifting arm, as in the USA patent _SC } vr.4f4. _{en 2 755 060> 2 775 356f} 3 ₁₂ Q 515, 3 129 832, ■ j. 6C 205, 5 189 203, 3 207 340, 3 239 083 and 3 259 259 is disclosed. Optionally, the lifting cylinder can be mounted between the bogie and the lifting arm, as shown in U.S. Patents 2,707,059, 2,768,759, 2,788,139, 2,820,555, 3,001,651 and 3,024,933. In

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At least two cases is the cable lift mechanism the earlier backhoe for lifting the loader shovel has been adopted in the case of the United States patents 2 965 253 and 3 080 076. A variation on this conventional one Digging and lifting chani smen is illustrated in U.S. Patent 2,795,342, in which a cranesbill movement. to produce a Digging movement of a mounted on a trolley Shovel loader is applied.

The object of the invention is therefore to ensure an improved scraping effect in an end-face shovel loader. '.

This object is achieved according to the invention in the case of a bucket loader solved by a main support frame, a four link including the main support frame, having Articulated parallelogram with a front leg pivoted at one end on the main support frame, one with its one end behind the front The rear legs can be pivoted on the main support frame Leg and a distance from the main support frame connecting the front and rear legs to one another owning freely movable frame a lifting arm with a material handler at the front end

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exercise device is mounted and its rear end can be pivoted is attached to the G-joint parallelogram, one between at least two legs of the G-elenkparallelögramms digging mechanism for pivoting the front one and the rear leg around its pivot connections on the main support frame and a lifting mechanism acting between the floating frame and the lifting arm for pivoting the lifting arm around its connection point on the joint parallelogram.

In the case of the shovel loader according to the invention, the lifting arm carrying the material handling device at one end is pivotally mounted at the other end so that it is in a plane relative to a main support frame moving joint parallelogram is able to move. The digging movement of the material handling device is brought about by a digging mechanism which is mounted so that it has the anterior and posterior legs of the joint parallelograins pivoted. The lifting movement is issued to the material handling device by a lifting mechanism that raises the lifting arm. A tilt mechanism is used to control the posture or position of the material handling device.

The construction described above ensures

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maximum digging reach and lifting height for the material handling device and is readily applicable to machines of a wide range of sizes and capacities. The invention ensures the same length of time for all lifting heights of the material handling device Prospecting movement. These skills enable creation a front-end shovel loader with a large amount of work, which is easy to operate, very maneuverable and very versatile and has short work cycle times owns. Because of the large range of the front-end shovel loader according to the invention in all lifting heights of the loading shovel, this shovel loader can dismantle and to perform pouring work functions that previously could not be performed or very time consuming and were difficult to carry out.

Some embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. Show it:

Pig. 1 is a side view of a preferred embodiment of a shovel loader with the features of FIG Invention,

Pig. FIG. 2 shows a partial side view of the shovel loader according to FIG Pig. 1 with the loading shovel partially advanced at the level of the ground,

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3 shows a side view of the shovel loader according to Pig. 1 with the loading shovel advanced and raised,

Pig. 4 shows a side view of a second, modified embodiment of the invention,

Pig. 5 is a side view of a third, modified embodiment of the invention, in which the loading shovel is in the retracted position level with the ground,

Pig. 6 is a partial side view of the shovel loader according to FIG Pig. 5 with the loading shovel pushed forward at the level of the ground,

Pig. 7 is a side view of the shovel loader according to Pig. 5 with the loading shovel raised and pushed forward and

Pig. 8 is a side view of a fourth, still further modified Embodiment of the invention.

In all four illustrated embodiments, the invention is applied to a face shovel loader,

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a material handling device consisting of a loading shovel 1 ″ with a fit of about

■ 7.

3.06 - 6.12 m. The main component of everyone ■ This embodiment consists of a bogie 2, which can be rotated by means of a swivel mechanism 3 on a chain drive 4 is stored. On the bogie 2 is a machine house 5 for accommodating the usual Machines, electrical and hydraulic circuits and control organs arranged, these devices typically consisting of an internal combustion engine with associated heat exchangers, mechanical Rods, power transmissions and the like. To drive hydraulic pumps, which reservoir, lines and valves are assigned, while at the front end of the machine house a cabin for the excavator operator and is provided for the inclusion of the necessary control organs.

For the sake of brevity and clarity of the description similar components of the four embodiments of the invention are to be described simultaneously. There the third and fourth embodiments are almost identical to each other, the same reference numerals are used in these two embodiments in the following description, so that equivalent components are respectively are denoted by three reference numerals.

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In each embodiment of the invention, the loading shovel 1 is pivotably articulated to the front end of a lifting arm 6, 7 and 8, the rear end of which is pivotably connected to the upper front corner of an articulated parallelogram 9, 10 or 11, which is perpendicular to the bogie 2 able to pivot perpendicular arc. The digging movement is given to the loading shovel by a digging mechanism, which is anchored on the bogie 2 and is able to move the articulated parallelogram 9, 10 or 11 forwards and backwards, although one is switched diagonally across the articulated parallelogram 9, 10 and 11 between two of its legs hydraulic working cylinder is able to produce the same effect. The vertical movement of the loading shovel 1- is brought about by a lifting a clii-mionius, which is connected to a freely movable frame 12, 13 or 14 forming the upper side of the articulated parallelogram 9, 10 or 11 and the relevant lifting arms 6, 7 or 8 xwi their swivel connection ain joint parallelogram 9, 10 or 11 swiveled around. Finally, a tilting mechanism is provided for controlling the posture or position of the loading shovel 1 attached to the end of the Kebo arm 6, 7 or 8.

In the first embodiment of the invention

BATH ORIGINAL

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Joint parallelogramin 9, as in the other embodiments, formed by a front leg 15 and a rear leg 16, one behind the other are articulated on the bogie 2 so that they be able to pivot over a vertical arc running from the front to the rear. The bogie 2 thus forms the third side and the freely movable frame 12 the fourth side of the joint parallelogram 12. The front leg is pulled by a scraper 15 formed from two at the end of a QJorsionsrohrs 17 parallel links mounted on both sides of the machine house 5, the torsion tube 17 is mounted in the front end of the bogie 2. The rear end of the lifting arm 6, at the front end the loading shovel 1 is articulated, is pivotably connected to the upper end of the scraper lever 15 at a hinge. In all embodiments of the invention, the lifting arm on the freely movable frame or on the scraper near its pivot connection with the freely movable Frame be hinged.

The freely movable frame 12 consists in the embodiment according to S ¹ Xg. 1 to 3 from a triangular frame made of load-bearing pipe parts, which are connected to one another at their tips by corner pieces. A rear corner

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piece 19 is pivotable with the upper end of an IMihrungslenker 16 connected, while a rear corner piece 20 at the joint 18 at the top of the scraper 15 is articulated so that the front and rear legs of the joint parallelogram 9 are connected to one another are. The third tip of the freely movable frame 12 protrudes into the joint parallelogram 9 and that inner corner piece 21 forms a 'bracket for anchoring one end of a, in this embodiment hydraulic working cylinder serving as a lifting mechanism 22, the other end of which is articulated between the ends of the lifting arm 6 on this. The front one Corner piece 20 forms a shovel rocker arm 23 protruding upward from the joint 18, the upper end of which passes through a rocker arm 24 is connected to the blind end of a hydraulic tilt cylinder 25, the piston rod end is connected to the loading shovel 1. A hinged at one end to the lifting arm 6 and at the other end with the Connection between the tilting arm 24 and the blind end of the hydraulic tilting cylinder 25 connected, L-shapedj . '"ragarm 26 completes the tilting mechanism for the bucket 1.

The lower end of the rear leg 16 of the joint parallelogram is pivotable on a bracket

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• mounted on the bogie 2. In this context it should be noted that "in the embodiment according to the Pig. 1" to 3, as in the other embodiments of the invention, the rear leg 16 of the joint parallelogram 9 is shorter than the front leg 15 * This difference in length between the two Legs reduces uncontrollable movements of the loading shovel 1, while it is set in a forward scraping movement under the action of the articulated parallelogram 9, so that for a cutting or dismantling process of the loading shovel 1 at the level of the ground, "only little or no adjustment is made the excavator operator is required.

In the embodiment of the invention according to the Pig. 1 to 3, the digging mechanism consists of a hydraulic digging cylinder 28 in connection with its connections the other components. One end of the scraper cylinder 28 is pivotable with one of the bogie 2 pending bracket 29 connected while his other The end is connected to a bracket 30 provided on the rear edge of the scraper 15. It can be thus say that the Irydraulic scraper cylinder 28 between the bogie 2 and the scraper lever 15 at the end is held. ...

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In Figs. 1 to 3, the first embodiment is the Invention illustrated in typical working positions. In Fig. 1 ″ is the loading shovel 1 at the beginning of its digging movement at the level of the ground, wherein the digging cylinder 28 and the lifting cylinder 22 are fully retracted. To produce a horizontal With the digging movement at the level of the ground, the lifting cylinder 22 is held in its retracted position and is the scraper cylinder 28 extended, so that it the loading shovel 1 on your ground along in the position according to Fig. 2 advances, while the tilt cylinder 25 according to FIGS. 1 and 2 during the entire horizontal stroke is kept at the level of the ground in the same partially extended state. The lifting cylinder 22 is extended, to lift the loading shovel 1 from the position shown in FIG. 2 to the position shown in FIG Tilt cylinder 25 retracted and the loading shovel 1 is pivoted upward so that it is during the lifting movement in the position shown in FIG. 3 compensates for their inclined position.

In the second embodiment shown in FIG According to the invention, the front leg or scraper lever 31 of the joint parallelogram 10 is pivotable on one the top of the bogie 2 provided bracket

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32 stored and the rear leg or guide link 33 on a stand 34 provided on the bogie 2 behind the holder 32 for the front link 31 hinged. The freely movable frame 13 consists of a solid material plate with a pivotable with the upper end of the front leg 31 connected for- ^ whose tip 35 ,. a rear corner 36 hinged at the top of the rear leg and one downward in the interior of the joint parallelogram 10 protruding Lifting mechanism support arm 37. The lifting arm 7 is pivotally connected to the upper end of the scraper lever 31 and is a Lifting cylinder 38 is at one end between the lifting mechanism support arm 37 and a bracket 39 attached to the underside of the lifting arm 7. A hydraulic one Scraper cylinder 40 is mounted so that it is between the. Bogie 2 and the scraper arm 31 acts. Between one The bracket 42 provided on the top of the lifting arm 7 and the loading shovel 1 is a hydraulic tilting cylinder 41 supported at the end.

The second embodiment of the invention is different differs from the first one in that the whole mechanism is mounted a little higher and completely above the bogie 2 lies. In addition, there is a different full material plate construction instead of the first

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Embodiment used open ice cream as free. movable frame 13 shown. In the modified embodiment, the blind end is also the hydraulic one Digging cylinder 40 differently mounted and the mechanical linkage is omitted in the tilting mechanism, which the loading shovel 1 of the previously described embodiment automatically to compensate for the Ceases movement of the other components of the mechanism. In the modified embodiment, either the excavator operator controls the posture or position of the loading shovel 1 or it would be an automatic return control system required to actuate the tilt cylinder 41 in order to adjust the position or posture of the loading shovel 1 and to be maintained at all stages of the duty cycle.

The third and fourth embodiments of the invention 5 to 7 and 8 are identical to one another except for a single point, so that expediently both «embodiments are described together. Yes * "steering parallelogram 11 of this further modified Embodiment has a curved scraper 43 as the front leg and a straight guide arm as the rear leg, one behind the other on the bogie 2 are pivotally mounted so that they extend over from the front to the rear perpendicular circular

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be able to swivel arcs »; The free one Frame 14 "ordered from an open framework a flat base 45, the ends of which on the one hand Tip of scraper 43 and the other at the top End of the miter link 44 are articulated. A lifting lever 46 is perpendicular to the full flat base 45 at its junction with the tip of the scraper 43 from and a curved upper part 47 connects the upper end of the lifting lever 46 with the rear end of the 3asis 45 · The Hebearin 8 has the shape of an upside down, broadly pressed "V", one leg of which 48 is horizontal

pivotable at the rear end

lies and is attached with its rear end / the scraper and at its other end merges at one knee 50 into the other leg 49 of the lifting arm 8 and extends substantially perpendicularly, the lower end of the leg 49 ending in a 3? ute 51 ,, on which the bucket or the loading shovel 1 is pivotably mounted. A hydraulic lifting cylinder 52 is mounted at the end between the upper end of the lifting lever 46 of the freely movable frame 14 and a holder 53 provided on the upper side of the knee 50 of the lifting arm 8. The piston rod of a bucket tipping cylinder 54 is connected to the loading bucket 1, while the blind end of the tipping cylinder 54 is connected ^to a hanging arm 55 hanging down from the horizontal leg 48 of the lifting arm 8

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suspended and connected to the upper link 47 of the freely moving frame 14 by means of a tilting arm 56 is, so that the bucket tilt cylinder 54 is at its Effect against the loading shovel 1 also supported against the freely movable frame 14 »In the third embodiment of the invention is a hydraulic scraper cylinder 57 with its blind end at the pivot point of the guide link 44 anchored on the bogie 2, its piston rod being connected to the scraper lever 43. In the fourth embodiment of the invention, however, is a Hydraulic scraper cylinder 58 with its blind end behind the guide link 44 pivotable on the bogie 2 mounted and connected to the miter link 44 with its piston rod. Swiveled in the third embodiment thus the hydraulic scraper cylinder 57, as well as in the previously described embodiments, the articulated parallelogram 11 by pivoting the scraper 43 around its storage on the bogie 2, while the hydraulic scraper cylinder 58 on the fourth Embodiment directly on the guide link 44 acts and the joint parallelogram 11 is pivoted by pivoting the latter.

In the third and fourth embodiment, the articulated parallelogram 11 is due to the arc shape of the scraper

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hebeis 43 held behind säex MtoerkaMne des MaseMaieialaaiisea 5. By its -vorgezogenen horizontal's heel 4-8, the angled Bebearm S is held Waue gate of the driver's cab!., As a result of jmrlckverschwenkteii öeleiücparallelograiQms 14 fflit its upward abstelienäen by Linde of the lifting arm 46 reaches the HeTaemecnanismus-Ansciilüssen HeTDeiaeclianismus into a sheet of öTserharb Eünrerlcabine. Members of the Scnaiafel-Eippmeenanism ^; lcrosses the jinrerkatiine, but the view of the excavator operator is not significantly impaired. It will be appreciated, however, that the bucket tilting mechanism "could also be relocated to the front of the vertical leg 49 of the lifting arm 8 using a system similar to that illustrated in connection with the second embodiment of the invention.

Pig, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate the division of labor of the third and fourth embodiments, which correspond to the relevant working positions of the first embodiment 1, 2 and 3 correspond, only with the difference that the loading shovel 1 in Pig. 7 in for Dismantling at high level or inclined for partial dumping State is shown while the loading shovel according to Pig. 3 is in your store. Pig. 5 ver "" illustrates the joint paralleiogram 11 in his through

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swiveled the digging cylinder 57 furthest to the rear According to FIG. 5, the loading shovel 1 is thus retracted into its rear position and there is the lifting cylinder 52 and the eipping cylinder 54 are extended, the loading shovel 1 is in the forwardly open position State on the ground. When the digging cylinder 57 is extended, the lifting cylinder 52 and remain the tilt cylinder 54 is in the same position and the loading shovel 1 moves forward in a horizontal visual motion offset, in which it levels the ground and finally reaches the position shown in Fig * 6. Burch When the lifting cylinder 52 is retracted, the loading shovel 1 is in the position according to Pig. 7 raised ♦

When all possible positions of the bucket 1 in one of the illustrated embodiments were entered, an area with the shape would appear of a deformed parallelogram with two curved sides. The rear curved border line of this deformed parallelogram would be caused by traversing the loading shovel 1 through its entire lifting area with the digging cylinder 28 fully retracted, 40, 57 and 58 are circumscribed, while the front curved boundary line by dig lifting movement of the loading shovel 1 with the digging cylinder 28, 40 fully extended,

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1834735

57 or §8 would be wrapped around. Top and bottom of the deformed parallelogram would be each have the same length and achieved by sliding the joint parallelogram 9, 10 and 11 respectively Range of the loading shovel 1 can be set. The bucket 1 can be in any position within aligned with this curved area and is therefore capable of a ground level at any altitude dismantle within their lifting range and can be withdrawn or advanced at the maximum dumping height will. This adaptability and maneuverability as well This range of motion is provided for the first time by the invention in front-end shovel loaders

The four embodiments described above tier Invention illustrate different ways of realizing the invention j, either to a certain extent To produce different results or, alternatively, to use different types of components to be able to, but the invention is self-evident in no way limited to these four embodiments. Although the invention has been described above in connection with its application to a loader shovel it can of course be equally effective

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on the guarantee of a screwing or feed movement with other material handling devices, such as for a forklift truck.

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Claims (1)

Claims , Shovel loader, characterized by a main support frame (2), a four-link articulated parallelogram including the main support frame (9, 10, 11) with a front one which is pivotably mounted at one end on the main support frame Leg (16, 31, 43), one with its one end behind the front leg pivotable on the main support frame mounted rear leg (16, 33, 44) and one the front and the rear leg interconnecting, distance from the main support frame owning freely movable frame (12, 13, 14), by a lifting arm (6, 7, 8), at the front end a material handling device (1) is mounted and its rear end is pivotable on the joint parallelogram is attached, one acting between at least two legs of the joint parallelogram Swiveling scraper mechanism (28, 40, 57, 58) of the front and rear legs about their pivot connections on the main support frame around and a lifting mechanism (22, 38, 52) acting between the floating frame and the lifting arm for pivoting the lifting arm around its connection point around the joint parallelogram. 109849/0220 ^Λ - _ · Shovel loader after. Claim. 1, characterized in that that the articulated parallelogram (1o) is substantially perpendicular to the main support frame (2) that the free moving frame (13) has a downward extension (37) and that the lifting mechanism one switched on between the downward extension of the freely moving frame and the lifting arm (7) hydraulic working cylinder (38) is. 3. Shovel loader according to claim 2, characterized in that that the free-moving frame (13) is an open framework with three corners is. 4 «shovel loader according to claim 2, characterized in that the freely movable frame (13) consists of a Solid material plate. 5. Shovel loader according to one of claims 1 to 4 »thereby marked that the mining meehanism a between the main support frame (2) and the rear one Link (15 »31, 43) of the joint parallelogram (9, 10, 11) activated hydraulic working cylinder (22, 40, 57) is. - 23 -1098 49/0 2 20 omginal "SPEC" • 6. Shovel loader according to one of the. Claims "1 to 4 * characterized in that the Schäummechanisisias one between the main support frame (2) and the. rear leg (44) of the oscillating rectangle (11) switched on hydraulic working cylinder (58) is. · 7. Shovel loader according to claim 1 _S, characterized in that the lifting arm (8) is an angled member, one leg (48) of which see at its rear end and the other leg (49) is located at its front end, land that both Vertices converge towards one another and are connected to one another at a knee (50). 8. A shovel loader according to claim 1 , characterized * that the freibewegllehe Eahmen (14) has an upwardly projecting lifting lever (46) and that the lifting mechanism is a hydraulic working cylinder switched on between an upper end of the ELefoehebels and the knee (50) of the Eebearms (8) (52) is. 9. shovel loader according to claim t or 8, characterized 'draws that the rear leg of the joint parallelo grannns (11) is an arched scraper lever (43). 109849/0220 10. shovel loader according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the rear leg (16, 33, 44) is shorter than the front leg (15 » 31, 43) is. .11. Shovel loader according to one of Claims 1 to "10," characterized in that the lifting mechanism is a between the freely movable frame (12, 13, 14) and the Hebeana (6, 7, 8) "switched on hydraulic Working cylinder (22, 38, 52) for pivoting the Lifting arm is around its pivot connection with the articulated parallelogram (9, 10, 11). 12. Shovel loader according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the material handling device (1) is pivotally attached to the end of the lifting arm (6, 7 »8) and that with the material handling device, a tilting mechanism (25, 41» 54) for control the posture or location of the material handling device connected to its pivot connection on the lifting arm is. 13. Shovel loader according to claim 12, characterized in that the tilting mechanism is a between the lifting arm (6, 7) and the material handling device (1) switched on hydraulic working cylinder (25, 41) is. 109849/0220 - 25 - 14. "Shovel loader according to claim 12, characterized in that the tilting mechanism is an between the articulated parallelogram (14) and the material handling device switched on hydraulic working cylinder (54) to control the posture or position of the material handling device is 15. Shovel loader according to claim 14, characterized in that that the freely movable frame (14) is one of rocker arm (47) protruding upwards from its front end and that the hydraulic working cylinder (54) between the rocker arm of the freely movable Frame and the material handling device (1) is switched on. 16. A shovel loader according to claim 1, characterized in that the front member has a scraper lever (15, 31, 43) with a lower end pivoted on the main support frame (2) and an upper end, that one end of the lifting arm (6, 7 »8) at the top End of the scraper is hinged and the other The end of the lifting arm carries the material handling device (1) that the rear leg of the joint parallelogram one behind the scraper can be pivoted on Main support frame (2) bearing guide handlebars 109849/0220 - 26 - (16, 33 »44) Is and that the freely moving frame (12, 13, 14) with one end on the guide arm and is hinged at the other end to the scraper, so that sick the Mhrungs handlebar and the scraper together in their respective pivot bearing hereabouts 17. Shovel loader according to claim 16, characterized in that net, that the freely moving frame (13) consists of a Great material plate construction with at least three corners (35 «36, 37), of which two corners (36, 35) are those on the Mhrungslenker (33) and on SchürJTlaeibel (31) hinged ends are. ORiGfNAL INSPECTED 103849/0220 Lee on the side