DE1226995B - Process for the production of fibrous or fibrous, carbonaceous material - Google Patents
Process for the production of fibrous or fibrous, carbonaceous materialInfo
- Publication number
- DE1226995B DE1226995B DEU11173A DEU0011173A DE1226995B DE 1226995 B DE1226995 B DE 1226995B DE U11173 A DEU11173 A DE U11173A DE U0011173 A DEU0011173 A DE U0011173A DE 1226995 B DE1226995 B DE 1226995B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- free
- halogen
- gas
- fibrous
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005087 graphitization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 methane Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/16—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/19—Inorganic fiber
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
Description
DEUTSCHESGERMAN
PATENTAMTPATENT OFFICE
AUSLEGESCHRIFTEDITORIAL
Int. Cl.:Int. Cl .:
COJ/bCOJ / b
Deutsche KL: 12 i - 31/02 German KL: 12 i - 31/02
Nummer: 1226 995Number: 1226 995
Aktenzeichen: U 11173 IV a/12 iFile number: U 11173 IV a / 12 i
Anmeldetag: 30. Oktober 1964Filing date: October 30, 1964
Auslegetag· 20. Oktober 1966Display day October 20, 1966
Das Hauptpatent betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung faserigen oder faserhaltigen, kohlenstoffhaltigen Materials aus Cellulosematerial oder regeneriertem Celluiosematerial. Das Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dieses Material vorzugsweise in einem vorausgerichteten Zustand unter gleichmäßigem Temperaturanstieg erhitzt wird. Hierbei läßt man in einem Temperaturintervall zwischen 100 und 4000C die Temperatur um 10 bis 5O0C je Stunde steigen. Bei der weiteren Erhitzung bis zu 900° C steigert man die Temperatur bis zu 100° C je Stunde. Beim weiteren Erhitzen kann die Anstieggeschwindigkeit der Temperatur noch höher liegen. Man erhitzt so weit, bis das Material im wesentlichen in Graphit übergeführt wird, zweckmäßig bis auf eine Temperatur von 3000° C.The main patent relates to a process for the production of fibrous or fibrous, carbonaceous material from cellulose material or regenerated cellulose material. The method is characterized in that this material is preferably heated in a pre-aligned state with a uniform temperature rise. Here, in a temperature interval between 100 and 400 0 C, the temperature at 10 to 5O 0 C is allowed to rise per hour. With further heating up to 900 ° C, the temperature is increased up to 100 ° C per hour. With further heating, the rate of increase in temperature can be even higher. It is heated until the material is essentially converted into graphite, expediently up to a temperature of 3000 ° C.
Bei Durchführung des Verfahrens hat sich gezeigt, daß. Schwierigkeiten durch die Gasbildung aus dem zu verkohlenden Material entstehen können, insbesondere bei höheren Temperaturen während der Graphitierung. Die Zersetzungsprodukte dieser Gase können sich in Form von Ruß auf den Fasern ablagern und werden dort auch in Graphit übergeführt. Wahrscheinlich entsteht dieser Ruß durch die Zersetzung von gebildeten niederen Kohlenwasserstoffen, wie Methan, die bei hohen Temperaturen aus Cellulose entstehen. Der abgelagerte Ruß verursacht ein Aneinanderhaften der Fasern, insbesondere dort, wo sie einander überlagern. Die Folge dieser Erscheinung ist ein schwaches bröckliges Endprodukt.When carrying out the process it has been shown that. Difficulties caused by gas formation the material to be charred can arise, especially at higher temperatures during the graphitization. The decomposition products of these gases can be found on the fibers in the form of soot deposit and are also converted into graphite there. This soot is probably caused by the decomposition of lower hydrocarbons, such as methane, formed at high temperatures arise from cellulose. The deposited soot causes the fibers, in particular, to stick together where they overlap. The consequence of this phenomenon is a weak crumbly End product.
Um diese Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden, ist schon vorgeschlagen worden, das Ausgangsmaterial zunächst bei Temperaturen bis zu 9000C zu verkohlen und dann in einem elektrischen Ofen bis zu 3000° C zu erhitzen. Hierbei wird der Ofen laufend mit einem sauerstofffreien, kohlenstofffreien Gas, insbesondere mit Stickstoff, Argon oder Helium durchgespült, bis eine vollständige Graphitierung des Materials erreicht ist. Hierzu läßt man größere Mengen des Gases auf die Oberfläche des zu behandelnden Materials strömen, wobei von der Oberfläche etwa gebildeter Ruß abgespült wird.To overcome these difficulties, it has been proposed to char the material to temperatures up to 900 0 C and then heated in an electric furnace up to 3000 ° C. The furnace is continuously flushed through with an oxygen-free, carbon-free gas, in particular with nitrogen, argon or helium, until the material is completely graphitized. For this purpose, larger quantities of the gas are allowed to flow onto the surface of the material to be treated, with any soot that may have formed on the surface being rinsed off.
Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, daß bei Ersatz von z. B. Stickstoff durch ein sauerstofffreies, kohlenstofffreies und mindestens ein Halogen enthaltendes Gas, Endprodukte wesentlich besserer Festigkeit erhalten werden.It has now surprisingly been found that when replacing z. B. nitrogen through an oxygen-free, carbon-free and at least one halogen-containing gas, end products much better Strength can be obtained.
Es wurde ferner festgestellt, daß das halogenhaltige
Gas bei dem Erhitzen im Temperaturintervall unterhalb 650° C und oberhalb 800° C angewendet werden
muß. In dem Zwischenintervall zwischen 650 Verfahren zur Herstellung faserigen oder
faserhaltigen, kohlenstoffhaltigen MaterialsIt was also found that the halogen-containing gas must be used in the heating in the temperature interval below 650 ° C and above 800 ° C. In the intermediate interval between 650 methods of manufacturing fibrous or
fibrous, carbonaceous material
Zusatz zum Patent: 1130419Addendum to the patent: 1130419
Anmelder:Applicant:
Union Carbide Corporation,Union Carbide Corporation,
New York, N. Y. (V. St. A.)New York, N.Y. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter:Representative:
Dipl.-Ing. H. Görtz, Patentanwalt,Dipl.-Ing. H. Görtz, patent attorney,
Frankfurt/M., Schneckenhofstr. 27Frankfurt / M., Schneckenhofstr. 27
Als Erfinder benannt:Named as inventor:
Ralph Owen Moyer,Ralph Owen Moyer,
Donald Raymond Ecker,Donald Raymond Ecker,
William Joel Spry jun., Fostoria, Ohio (V. St. A.)William Joel Spry Jr., Fostoria, Ohio (V. St. A.)
Beanspruchte Priorität:
V. St. v. Amerika vom 30. Oktober 1963
(319 939)Claimed priority:
V. St. v. America October 30, 1963
(319 939)
und 8000C soll das Material mit einem sauerstofffreien,
kohlenstofffreien und kein Halogen enthaltenden Gas behandelt werden.
Als Halogene im Sinne der Erfindung kommen elementares Fluor, elementares Brom und elementares
Jod in Betracht. Vorzuziehen ist aus verschiedenen Gründen elementares Chlor. Das zur Behandlung
verwendete Gas kann bis zu 100 °/o aus dem Halogen bestehen. Es genügt aber in vielen Fällen
auch ein Gehalt von 5% Halogen. Die bevorzugten Halogenmengen, insbesondere die Mengen an Chlor,
liegen bei 20 Volumprozent Chlor. Die übrigen Bestandteile des verwendeten Gases können inerte
Gase, wie z. B. Stickstoff, sein.and 800 0 C, the material is to be treated with an oxygen-free, carbon-free and halogen-free gas.
Elemental fluorine, elemental bromine and elemental iodine come into consideration as halogens in the context of the invention. Elemental chlorine is preferable for various reasons. The gas used for the treatment can consist of up to 100% of the halogen. In many cases, however, a halogen content of 5% is sufficient. The preferred amounts of halogen, in particular the amounts of chlorine, are 20 percent by volume of chlorine. The other components of the gas used can be inert gases, such as. B. nitrogen.
Es waren zunächst Versuche durchgeführt worden, bei welchen bei Temperaturen über 800° C die Wirkung eines Spülens einmal mit reinem Stickstoff, einmal mit einem Gemisch aus 20 Volumprozent Chlor und 80 Volumprozent Stickstoff geprüft wurde. Verwendet wurde in allen Fällen ein Cellulosegewebe, das etwa 110 mm breit war, 260 g/m2 wog und eine Dicke von etwa 0,65 mm hatte. Die Kette zählte jeAt first, tests were carried out in which the effect of flushing was tested once with pure nitrogen and once with a mixture of 20 percent by volume of chlorine and 80 percent by volume of nitrogen at temperatures above 800 ° C. In all cases, a cellulose fabric was used which was approximately 110 mm wide, weighed 260 g / m 2 and had a thickness of approximately 0.65 mm. The chain always counted
, , *. . 609 707/364,, *. . 609 707/364
I 226I 226
Zentimeter etwa 10,?. Fäden, der Schuß s 9 Fäden. Das Gas wurde an beiden Enden eines elektrisch geheizten Graphitrohrofens eingeführt und in der Mitte abgezogen. Hierbei spülte es die Oberfläche des zu graphitierenden Gewebes. ."■'-. , -."..· 'Centimeters about 10,?. Threads, the weft s 9 threads. The gas was introduced at both ends of an electrically heated graphite furnace and withdrawn in the middle. In doing so, it rinsed the surface of the tissue to be graphitized. . "■ '-. , -." .. ·'
Das in Gegenwart von Stickstof! graphitierte Gewebe hatte in Kettenrichtung eine Reißfestigkeit von etwa 4,8 kg/cm mit einem Minimum "ypn.2j8 kg/cm und einem Maximum von 6,4 kg/cm. ,In. Schußrichtung betrug die Reißfestigkeit im Mittel 4,3 kg/cm mit einem Minimum von etwa 2,6 kg/cm und einem Maximum von etwa 5,5 kg/cm. Dagegen hatte das in. Gegenwart von Chlor graphitierte Gewebe in Kettenrichtung eine mittlere Reißfestigkeit von etwa 10,4 kg/cm mit einem Minimum von etwa 5,2 kg/cm und einem Maximum von 13,6 kgAcitn. In' Schußrichtung "betrug die mittlere Reißfestigkeit 7,8 kg/cm mit einem Minimum von 4,6 kg/cm und einem Maximum von 9,9 kg/cm.That in the presence of nitrogen! graphitized fabric had a tear strength in the warp direction of about 4.8 kg / cm with a minimum "ypn.2j8 kg / cm and a maximum of 6.4 kg / cm. ,In. The tear strength averaged 4.3 kg / cm in the weft direction with a minimum of about 2.6 kg / cm and a maximum of about 5.5 kg / cm. That had against it In the presence of chlorine graphitized fabric in the warp direction an average tear strength of about 10.4 kg / cm with a minimum of about 5.2 kg / cm and a maximum of 13.6 kg of Acitn. In the weft direction "the mean tear strength was 7.8 kg / cm with a minimum of 4.6 kg / cm and a maximum of 9.9 kg / cm.
Diese Zahlen zeigen, daß die Reißfestigkeit um etwa 100% erhöht wird, wenn man eine Chlor enthaltende Atmosphäre verwendet.These figures show that the tear strength is increased by about 100% if one contains a chlorine Atmosphere used.
Weitere Versuche wurden durchgeführt, um den Einfluß von Chlor auf die Reißfestigkeit des Endproduktes zu prüfen, wenn das Chlor auch bei den tieferen Temperaturen zwischen Raumtemperatur und 900° C angewendet wird. Überraschenderweise zeigte es sich, daß durch diese Behandlung bei tieferen Temperaturen ein Endprodukt mit einer schlechteren Reißfestigkeit erhalten wird. Weitere Versuche zeigten aber, daß man diese Nachteile vermeiden kann, wenn man im Temperaturintervall zwischen etwa 650 und etwa 8000C in Abwesenheit eines Halogens arbeitet, d. h. beispielsweise die Umsetzung in Gegenwart von Stickstoff durchführt..Further tests were carried out to test the influence of chlorine on the tensile strength of the end product when the chlorine is also used at the lower temperatures between room temperature and 900 ° C. Surprisingly, it was found that this treatment at lower temperatures gives an end product with poorer tear strength. However, further tests showed that these disadvantages can be avoided if one works in the temperature range between about 650 and about 800 ° C. in the absence of a halogen, ie, for example, carrying out the reaction in the presence of nitrogen.
Eine gültige Erklärung für diese neue überraschende ^Erkenntnis ist bisher noch nicht gefunden worderr; ■ ■' .A valid explanation for this new startling ^ Knowledge has not yet been founderr; ■ ■ '.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US319939A US3333926A (en) | 1963-10-30 | 1963-10-30 | Process for carbonizing cellulosic textile materials |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1226995B true DE1226995B (en) | 1966-10-20 |
Family
ID=23244219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEU11173A Pending DE1226995B (en) | 1963-10-30 | 1964-10-30 | Process for the production of fibrous or fibrous, carbonaceous material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3333926A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE1226995B (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1012878A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE306307B (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3479150A (en) * | 1965-07-14 | 1969-11-18 | Hitco | Carbonization method for cellulosic fibers |
| US3479151A (en) * | 1966-01-03 | 1969-11-18 | Hitco | Method of carbonizing fibrous cellulosic materials |
| US3441378A (en) * | 1966-05-10 | 1969-04-29 | Union Carbide Corp | Process for the manufacture of carbon textiles |
| GB1222881A (en) * | 1967-01-06 | 1971-02-17 | Nippon Carbon Company Ltd | Process for the preparation of carbon fibers |
| GB1255005A (en) * | 1968-01-03 | 1971-11-24 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to the treatment of fibrous carbon |
| US3639140A (en) * | 1968-10-12 | 1972-02-01 | Nitto Boseki Co Ltd | Process for carbonized cellulose fiber or the products thereof |
| US3661616A (en) * | 1968-11-06 | 1972-05-09 | Notto Boseki Co Ltd | Process for carbonizing cellulose fiber or the products thereof |
| US3627571A (en) * | 1970-05-28 | 1971-12-14 | Monsanto Res Corp | Heat treatment of graphite fibers |
| US5064581A (en) * | 1985-02-11 | 1991-11-12 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method of making elastic carbon fibers |
| US9181134B1 (en) | 2011-04-27 | 2015-11-10 | Israzion Ltd. | Process of converting textile solid waste into graphite simple or complex shaped manufacture |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3011981A (en) * | 1958-04-21 | 1961-12-05 | Soltes William Timot | Electrically conducting fibrous carbon |
| US3053775A (en) * | 1959-11-12 | 1962-09-11 | Carbon Wool Corp | Method for carbonizing fibers |
| US3107152A (en) * | 1960-09-12 | 1963-10-15 | Union Carbide Corp | Fibrous graphite |
| US3116975A (en) * | 1961-02-08 | 1964-01-07 | Union Carbide Corp | Artificial graphite process |
| US3179605A (en) * | 1962-10-12 | 1965-04-20 | Haveg Industries Inc | Manufacture of carbon cloth |
-
1963
- 1963-10-30 US US319939A patent/US3333926A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-10-15 GB GB42029/64A patent/GB1012878A/en not_active Expired
- 1964-10-30 SE SE13091/64A patent/SE306307B/xx unknown
- 1964-10-30 DE DEU11173A patent/DE1226995B/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SE306307B (en) | 1968-11-25 |
| US3333926A (en) | 1967-08-01 |
| GB1012878A (en) | 1965-12-08 |
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