DE1288681B - Measuring device for displaying the quantified level values of a variable electrical signal - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a measuring device for displaying cathode followers for separating the oscilloscope from

the quantified level values of a variable the pulse height analyzer required. That brings electrical signal in which, depending on the amount of this device, a high level of circuitry

Measuring input voltage, at the measuring outputs with effort and is only available for one application

A voltage jump is only generated if 5 art is limited.

the amplitude of the input voltage between two The invention is based on the object of a adjacent values, the voltage measuring device of the type mentioned with ratio scanning and evaluation by rectifier-moderately small number of channels to create that little elements takes place, which lie on biases, takes up space, is relatively cheap, itself which, depending on the selected grading, can be easily produced by an io and with high operational reliability Resistance chain connected to scanning elements means in multiple applications in the is generated, the above conditions being able to provide valid indications on the quantified for the occurrence of an output signal due to a level value of a variable electrical signal Coincidence switching takes place. to deliver. This task is the one presented here

There are already multichannel amplitude selectors (defective measuring device solved according to the invention by speaking different degrees of amplitude) which work at least one group of two in the same direction according to the following principle: analyzing, analog variable input terminal parallel interconnected characteristic electrical input voltage, diodes, of resistors, one end of which is connected to the electrode facing away from the input terminal in different successive amplitude elements by means of a numerical analog converter of the diodes, of differentials, with each of these amplitude elements carrying with a ferrite core, the two primary windings of which (for example according to a binary code) are wound in a (fre- have the same number of windings, but in sequence stable) sequence of short electrical impulses with opposite winding directions and is converted to a constant amplitude, the number of which N ^a 5 are in each case the other end of the resistors, proportional to the amplitude of the relevant EIe- while the terminals of the secondary winding is an element. This number N allows the special switching devices for displaying the level value to be located, section (N) to be selected in which a pulse burst is introduced into a ferrite toroidal core memory through one of a stabilized one from a ferrite core. Direct current source fed slide resistor is then treated by a numerical computer through 3 ° standing voltage divider, which, starting from different individual amplitude channels, taps via the primary windings of the speaking groups the previously supplied by the above-mentioned differential transformer and the resistors to the transducers, in the memory stored diodes applies a bias. The input span information; the data obtained at the output of this computer can be displayed in physical form as any variable, and are reproduced by a display or thermal, chemical, mechanical, biological printing device. Such a multiple or simply numerical type corresponding to the jekanal amplitude selector can print out an exact operational area of application; have these instructions and are relatively free of interference voltage, they can change over time in the form that can be traced back to interference noises and electrical circuits of impulses or periodically or also to uncontrolled leakage losses. However, in some ways, depending on the application involved, such devices are extraordinarily costly and appealing.
borrowed space-blocking. A preferred embodiment of the

A circuit arrangement is known (German beaten measuring device is formed by a Patent specification 1100 690), in which several setting- single group of two diodes, their anodes Register, one after the other, the elements of a gas 45 in parallel to the discharge tube of the positive input signal ignite, used to be connected to a receiving input terminal, a continuous display of the different parts of a differential transformer with ferrite core, its primary television picture to control. There are at least two windings with the same number of turns, but different groups of two diodes for controlling a single one with the winding direction at their inputs with the Output of the device necessary. In addition, 5 ° cathodes of the diodes must be connected and its the two diodes of each group exactly identical secondary winding with the display switching element ver features own, since it is tied by the same tap, and a sawtooth generator, one of which of the same voltage divider. Terminal is connected to ground and its other The control voltage is applied to each pair of diodes by means of a terminal on the one hand via a resistor on the a resistor is applied, the center tap of which is connected to the output of one primary winding and the other Mass lies. Such a circuit is extremely via one connected in series with a resistor complicated - if, for example, the execution DC voltage source at the output of the other tion of a setting register (as a step switch) on the primary winding. This is too understated - and variable analog quantities of any kind, which are very searching for possible applications limited. 6o first through the transformer into an electrical one Furthermore, an adjustment aid has been converted into an energy spectrum wave. This is shaped into a positive one Skopie known (Electronic Rundschau, No. 7, Spannug variable amplitude around, be it that 1962, p. 305), in which the sawtooth voltage of one corresponds to a corresponding direct voltage via oscillograph is used to store the spectrum or run it through a rectifier to feel. The output pulses of an analyzer 65 and only the positive half-waves rectified, Then the horizontal deflection plates of the oscillo- If it is a positive wave with slower graphs fed. In this device, changes are made if they are made by a usual calibration Oscillograph, a pulse height analyzer and a voltage divider are running. One thus obtains an elec-

3 4

tric tension χ always positive bias, the tension of which is determined by a stabilized DC

Amplitude changes rapidly over time. Current source B is fed and a »potential

A further advantageous embodiment of the measuring device represents, the potentials from V1 to the measuring device according to the invention being that the Vn according to a linear or non-linear law parallel connection of a capacitor with a resistance between the input of the measuring device according to the various applications Remove measuring device,
on the one hand and the various diode groups The circuit connections between the on the other hand is switched. th diodes d'i and di + 1 and the two concern-

Another advantageous embodiment of the voltage taps Vi and Vi + 1 overflow

The measuring device according to the invention consists in the fact that ίο two resistors Ri - ri and Ri, those with the same

between the input of the measuring device and each number of turns, but with one another

Diode group a parallel connection of a capacitor - opposite sense wound primary windings

sators is connected with a resistor. p'i and p "i of a magnetic toroidal core t in series

A further advantageous embodiment of the present invention, which is used as the core of a pulse differential transfer measuring device according to the invention, is that the secondary winding si of the measuring device is connected to a predetermined time Si of the measuring device to display the quantified voltage curve χ and feeds to the level values, where ri is the resistance value of the connections of the secondary winding of the different that part of the total resistance Rh , the two differential transformer each has a potentiometer at two successive taps Vi and is closed, one terminal of which is connected to ground 20 Vi + 1 .

When the voltage χ is less than Vi + 1 (and a capacitor is connected, the other of which is consequently less than Vi), no current flows in the terminal at the control grid of a triode, at the primary winding p 'i or in the primary winding whose anode depends on the setting of the potentiometer p "i; accordingly, no pulse appears on the voltage curve y that depends on the dimension. 25 output Si of the secondary winding si .

Another advantageous embodiment of the ernung χ is greater than Vi (and accordingly as Vi + 1),

inventive measuring device is formed by a so the electric current flows through the two diodes

connected to the input of the measuring device, a d'i and di + 1 to ground above the tap Vn

electrical voltage predetermined temporal variation of the total resistance Rh; however, since the cons

run, such as B. sawtooth or staircase shape, generate (Ri - ri + ri) in series with the winding p'i

generator. on the one hand equal to the resistance Ri in series with the

Further features and advantages achieved through them. Winding p "i opposite winding sense from the following description which is on the other hand and since the embodiments shown by hysteresis or vortex drawing, the several, for example, re-occurring losses in the mass of the ring are circuit diagram-wise core t (made of the corresponding ferrite) is negligible. It shows that occurs at the output Si of the secondary winding

F i g. 1 a simplified circuit diagram of a first si no impulse.

Embodiment of the measuring device according to the invention, If the voltage χ between the values Vi and

F i g. 2 the curve of the demagnetization lies at Vi + 1, no flows in the primary winding p'i

turned ferrite ring cores, 40 current, the diode d'i being impermeable because the

F i g. 3 is the block diagram of an amplitude voltage Vi greater than the voltage χ ; to the-

Wahlers known design, opposite a current flows through the diode di + 1 in

F i g. 4 shows a simplified circuit diagram of a further primary winding p "i, and an electrical tensioning embodiment of part of the circuit of the voltage is induced in the secondary winding si.

F i g. 5 shows a further embodiment of the circuit Si of the measuring device at the point in time in which the FIG. 1 in the form of a simplified switching the input voltage χ lies between the voltage diagram, values Vi and Vi + 1.

F i g. 6 in a simplified circuit diagram, the measuring There are for the circuit of the F i g. 1 ferrite device of FIG. 1 used in combination with a triode 50 ring cores, the initial magnetization curve of which is a circuit, the overall circuit having a wave in FIG. 2 is shown. Herein, H denotes the form converter according to the invention, expressed by Oersted, by the primary winding p "i

F i g. 7 shows the measuring device of FIG. 7 in the block diagram. 1 generated magnetic field strength and B that in Gauss

in combination with a signal generator to form expressed magnetic induction. The winding

an electronic sequence switch and examples 55 number of winding p "i and that in series with it

for the waveform of the applied resistance i? / are dimensioned such that

Signal, the operating point below the curvature of the curve

F i g. 8 shows a simplified circuit diagram of another of FIGS. 2, i.e. remains within the area OM,

Embodiment of the measuring device according to the Er- so that the toroidal core does not tip over when the current

finding. 60 flows through this winding p "i , and the toroidal core in

In the case of the in Fig. Lim circuit diagram schematically returned to rest state, when the voltage χ given first embodiment is changing the amplitude level from Vi to Vi + 1 leaves,
Lical electrical voltage χ at the input E of the At any given moment, the measuring device shows the display of quantified level values. 1 the quantified level value sets, the different groups in pairs geschalte- 65 that is the amplitude level of which has at the ter diodes as d'i and di + 1 of the voltage applied by the input E at this moment tensioning Two adjacent taps (with the potentials Vi voltage χ ; it only needs the number i des and Vi + 1) of a resistor Rh in each case before the respective output Si at which there is a short

electrical impulse adjusts, at this moment by a wave χ (t) controlled horizontal deflection

to be read from the quantified level plates on the successive perpendiculars

value of the voltage χ know at that moment- an electrode with a slot

to learn. is recessed, which has the shape of the curve, which

About the same results could also be obtained with FIG. 5 for the function y (t) corresponding to the one to be created in FIG. 3 to achieve the circuit shown, which represents the wave. An electronic electron-collecting electrode, which is known per se behind this slot, generates a Schmitt trigger D ₁ , D ₂ ... voltage with the desired waveform y, equipped with a two-gang cathode ray tube, and equipped with an electric chip transistor (t); an Ai-i> Au switching transistors I ₁ , I ₂ ... I _n ^ ₁ and such a cathode ray tube "Formatron" is ironic adder A ₂ ... A _n _ _v A _n . In this circuit expensive and has only a limited service life, tang the variable analog voltage χ par- The circuit shown in FIG. 6 is economically parallel to the release D _{1 of} the higher channel and Licher and has a longer service life; This is the inputs of the electronic adders A ₂ ... _{A n} is essential for a measuring device In (placed in accordance with the other following channels. Each 15 Fig. 1) which contains only semiconductors (diodes and impulses corresponding to a certain trigger level differential transformer). At its input dierer reduces (by the voltage x) the (reversed the positive wave χ (t) with variable reverse) output voltages applied to a higher amplitude, if it is a release level regulated other trigger, so that one conversion into a predetermined wave y (t) before increasing an instantaneous span 20 only at the one output Si. At the various outputs Sl ... voltage is obtained, which corresponds to an input voltage interval Si ... Sn - 1), there are shift resistors rhi ... rhi (quantified level value ) connected between ... rhn - 1), and the The two fixed values xi and xi - 1. contacts of these slide resistors corresponding to these in FIG. 3 would, however, take settings to take percentages of the successive percentages of the various outputs of the measuring device generated for an equal number of quantified level values 25, a greater number of electronic components than the th voltage, which in each case is connected to the on-connection of FIG. 1 and exact registers correspond to the ordinates of the desired curve y lungs of the trigger levels of the various Schmitt- (i). These output voltage percent triggers require. records of the measuring device In are successively transferred

Instead of directly sending the variable voltage χ to 30 low-value capacitors c to the control electrode, the different groups of electrodes of a triode T arranged in pairs (an ordinary elec-diodes dl, dl ... d'i, di + 1 ... d'n - 1 , dn an electron tube or transistor), whereby the remote can be seen according to the circuit of FIG. 4 a charge duration of each capacitor c in the one capacitor c with a resistor 0 in the secondary part of the relevant slide resistor and insert the end, so as to obtain periodic displays at the outputs Si of the 35 input circuit of the triode T comprehensive circuit measuring device, the smaller of which or equal to the step period of the ordinate periodicity through the discharge duration of this condenser input voltage χ (t) of the measuring device /. capacitor c is determined in the resistance ρ, one thus obtains in the output circuit of the triode T where the maximum frequency of the change of the input the desired waveform y (t). output voltage χ less than or equal to this period 40 F i g. 7 represents an electronic sequence switch. That is, that represented by the input signal χ , which is also the one shown in FIG. 6 is used in the waveform transmission principle. Here diodes biasing potentials Vi and Vi + 1 at can be temporally in a predetermined cycle specified voltage interval periodically tested stagger the short electrical pulses applied to the said one period of the time constant ρ c corresponds 45 different outputs 51, 52 ... Si ... Sn - 1 speaks. of the measuring device / η of FIG. 7 according to the

If one of the be applied to the input E of the meter / π various circuits of capacitor Ci and the applied and generated by the oscillator loop resistance ρ i between the input terminal E and voltage obtained χ according to the circuit of Fig. 5 comparable waveform. If this voltage χ has the various groups of the sawtooth shape arranged in pairs, and if the resistor provides for neten diodes of the measuring device, it is possible to study with Rh of the measuring device shown in FIG. so these output impulses, identified by the input voltage χ , follow one another ana at regular intervals. Has this size as a function of time in the various voltage χ staircase shape (x2) with successive steps this input voltage behaves. 55 the steps of different corresponding widths, see above

The output pulses of the measuring device In follow at the various outputs Si of an in

the F i g. 1, 4 or 5 shown against each other in an irregular and predetermined time

Information pulses generated by measuring devices can lend spaces. These output pulses are

in different ways according to the types of electromechanical consumer

the consumer switches are evaluated, the 60 organs (the closing of electrical circuits

connected to these different outputs. controlling electromagnets) or purely electronic

Fig. 6 shows the principle of a wave illustrated Schaltangsglieder applied (transistors g as Entformübertragers using the in F i. 1, neither OR circuit Angen act, depending on whether they represented meter In quantified for displaying conduct or are blocked).

Level values. This wave transformer is equivalent to the measuring device according to the invention for display

one of the quantified level values known as “Formatron” (Fig. 1 or Fig. 8)

Cathode ray tube that have a vertical rectilinear line are used in numerous applications:

Cathode possesses whose electronic image by means of an illuminated display, paper tape recorder, decoding

of the chrominance signal in color television, two-channel communication system, etc.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Measuring device for displaying the quantified level values of a variable electrical signal, in which, depending on the voltage at the measuring input, a voltage jump is only generated at the measuring outputs if the amplitude of the input voltage lies between two neighboring values, with the voltage sampling and evaluation by rectifier elements which are on bias voltages, which, depending on the selected gradation, is generated by a chain of resistors connected to the scanning elements, the above-mentioned conditions for the occurrence of an output signal being effected by a coincidence circuit, characterized by at least one group of two in the same direction to which the Positive electrical signal (x) receiving input terminal (E) parallel interconnected diodes (d'i, di + 1, Fig. 1), of resistors (Ri-ri, Ri), one end of which is connected to the electrode of the diodes facing away from the input terminal (d'i, di + 1) is connected by Differe ntialtransfers with ferrite core (t), the two primary windings (p'i, p "i) have the same number of turns, but are wound in opposite directions and are at the other end of the resistors, while the terminals of the secondary winding on switching elements to display the Level values lie, and by a voltage divider consisting of a voltage divider fed by a stabilized direct current source, which, starting from various taps, applies a bias voltage to the diodes via the primary windings of the differential transformer and the resistors. 2. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized by a single group of two diodes (d, d ', Fig. 8), the anodes of which are connected in parallel to the input terminal (E) receiving the positive input signal (χ) , a differential transformer (p, p ', s) with ferrite core (N), whose primary windings (ρ, ρ') the same number of turns but different winding directions are connected at their inputs to the cathodes of the diodes and whose secondary winding (s) is connected to the display switching element, and a sawtooth generator (G), one terminal of which is connected to ground and the other terminal on the one hand via a resistor (r) at the output of one primary winding (p) and on the other hand via a DC voltage source (P) connected in series with a resistor (r ) on the Output of the other primary winding (p ') is located. 3. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel connection of a capacitor (C, F i g. 4) with a resistor (P) between the input (E) of the measuring device on the one hand and the various groups of diodes (such as e.g. d 'i, di + 1) is switched on the other hand. 4. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that a parallel circuit of a capacitor (Ci) with a resistor (Pi) is connected (F i g ) between the input (E) of the measuring device and each diode group (d'i, di + 1) . 5). 5. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that a predetermined temporal voltage curve χ (ί) is applied to the input (E, F i g. 6) of the measuring device and a potentiometer (rhi) is applied to the connections of the secondary winding of the various differential transformers. is connected, one terminal of which is connected to ground and whose tap is connected to one terminal of a capacitor, the other terminal of which is connected to the control grid of a triode (T) , at whose anode a voltage curve y dependent on the setting of the potentiometer (rhi) (t) appears. 6. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized by a connected to the input of the measuring device, an electrical voltage predetermined time course, such as. B. sawtooth or staircase shape, generating generator (eyelet, Fig. 7). For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings 909506/1238