DE1143032B - Electrolysis cell for performing melt flow electrolysis, especially for the production of aluminum - Google Patents
Electrolysis cell for performing melt flow electrolysis, especially for the production of aluminumInfo
- Publication number
- DE1143032B DE1143032B DEL15245A DEL0015245A DE1143032B DE 1143032 B DE1143032 B DE 1143032B DE L15245 A DEL15245 A DE L15245A DE L0015245 A DEL0015245 A DE L0015245A DE 1143032 B DE1143032 B DE 1143032B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- aluminum
- production
- melt flow
- cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Elektrolysezelle zur Durchführung von Schmelzflußelektrolysen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Aluminium Bei der Durchführung der Schmelzflußelektrolyse wird bekanntlich aus einem schmelzflüssigen Elektrolyten Metall abgeschieden. Bei der Herstellung von Aluminium sammelt sich das Metall in einer meist mit Kohle ausgefütterten Wanne, die als Kathode dient; darüber befindet sich der spezifisch etwas leichtere Elektrolyt, in den eine oder mehrere Anoden, meist ebenfalls aus Kohle, eintauchen.Electrolysis cell for carrying out melt flow electrolysis, in particular for the production of aluminum as is known, deposited metal from a molten electrolyte. In the In the manufacture of aluminum, the metal collects in a mostly coal-lined area Tub that serves as a cathode; above that is the specifically slightly lighter one Electrolyte in which one or more anodes, usually also made of carbon, are immersed.
Der Spannungsabfall im Ofen besteht aus der elektrolytischen Polarisationsspannung und dem Ohmschen Spannungsabfall, der hauptsächlich im Elektrolyten vereinigt ist. Das Produkt aus Ohmschem Spannungsabfall und Gesamtstrom des Ofens ergibt den Anteil der zugeführten Leistung, der in Wärme verwandelt und benötigt wird, um die für die Elektrolyse erforderliche Temperatur aufrechtzuerhalten.The voltage drop in the furnace consists of the electrolytic polarization voltage and the ohmic voltage drop, which is mainly combined in the electrolyte. The product of the ohmic voltage drop and the total current of the furnace gives the proportion of the power supplied, which is converted into heat and required for the to maintain the temperature required for electrolysis.
Man hat bei Elektrolyseöfen mit Stromstärken über 30 kA, besonders stark aber bei Öfen mit 60 kA und mehr, eine Aufwölbung des Metallspiegels beobachtet. Diese Erscheinung ist für den Betrieb des Ofens sehr unangenehm, weil der Abstand zwischen Anode und Metall, der sogenannte Richtabstand, die im Ofen erzeugte Wärme bestimmt und z. B. bei Aluminium-Elektrolyseöfen in der Größenordnung 3 bis 4 cm liegt, während die beobachteten Aufwölbungen das Zwei- bis Dreifache dieses Wertes betragen.One has with electrolysis furnaces with currents above 30 kA, especially strong but in ovens with 60 kA and more, a bulging of the metal mirror was observed. This phenomenon is very uncomfortable for the operation of the furnace because of the distance between anode and metal, the so-called guide distance, the heat generated in the furnace determined and z. B. in aluminum electrolysis furnaces in the order of 3 to 4 cm while the bulges observed are two to three times this value be.
Als Ursache wurden schon frühzeitig elektromagnetische Kräfte vermutet. Da die beobachtete Rufwölbung unsymmetrisch war, führte man sie auf Unsymmetrien im Magnetfeld des Ofens zurück und versuchte, dieses möglichst symmetrisch zu gestalten, indem man, anstatt von den unter dem Hallenboden liegenden Stromschienen Steigleitungen allein am »einlaufenden« Ende hochzuführen, diese an beiden Enden des rechteckigen Ofens hochführte und den Ofen zweiseitig speiste. Die Steigleitungen wurden dabei dicht am Ofen angeordnet, um den Durchgang zwischen den Öfen nicht zu behindern.Electromagnetic forces were suspected early on as the cause. Since the observed curvature of the call was asymmetrical, it was led to asymmetries back in the magnetic field of the furnace and tried to make it as symmetrical as possible, by installing risers instead of the busbars below the hall floor to run up only at the "incoming" end, these at both ends of the rectangular one And fed the oven on both sides. The risers were there placed close to the oven so as not to obstruct the passage between the ovens.
Es besteht heute kein Zweifel mehr, daß elektromagnetische Kräfte die Ursache für die Rufwölbung sind. Den obengenannten Gegenmaßnahmen war auch nur ein Teilerfolg beschieden, da die Höhe der Rufwölbung zwar zurückging und eine andere Gestalt annahm, aber immer noch in der Größenordnung des Richtabstandes blieb.Today there is no longer any doubt that electromagnetic forces are the cause of the bulging of the call. The above countermeasures were also just a partial success, since the height of the vaulting declined and a different one Took shape, but still remained in the order of magnitude of the guide distance.
Nicht anders liegen die Dinge bei Vorschlägen zur Ausschaltung der Einwirkung der elektromagnetischen Kräfte, die die Basis von älteren Patenten bzw. einer älteren Patentanmeldung, bilden. Diese Maßnahmen sind im einzelnen die folgenden: 1. Die Schienen, in welchen Strom mit entgegengesetzter Stromrichtung zwischen den Ofenreihen hin- und zurückgeführt wird, sollen in Öfen mit gleich großen Stromstärken, die für schmelzelektrolytische Erzeugung von Metallen Anwendung finden, zwecks Verminderung oder Behebung der in der Schmelze und besonders im Metallbad entstehenden elektromagnetischen Kraftwirkungen möglichst parallel zueinander angeordnet werden.Things are no different with proposals to eliminate the Action of electromagnetic forces, which are the basis of older patents or an older patent application. These measures are specifically as follows: 1. The rails in which current with opposite current direction between the Rows of ovens is moved back and forth, should be in ovens with the same current strengths, which are used for molten electrolytic production of metals for the purpose of reduction or elimination of the electromagnetic generated in the melt and especially in the metal bath Force effects are arranged as parallel as possible to each other.
z. Bei einem Ofen für die elekrolytische Aluminiumerzeugung mit seitlich über dem Boden eingeführten Kathodenbarren sollen diese so gekrümmt sein, daß die Höhe der Kohleausfütterung oberhalb der Kathodenbarren in der Nähe der Ofenseiten größer ist als in den zentralen Teilen des Ofens.z. With a furnace for the electrolytic aluminum production with the side Cathode bars introduced above the ground should be curved so that the Height of the coal lining above the cathode bars near the furnace sides is larger than in the central parts of the furnace.
3. Bei einem Ofen für die Schmelzflußele.ktrolyse von Aluminium sollen an den Elektrolysezellenwänden Tafeln aus festen Fluoriden vorgesehen werden, die die Oberfläche der als Kathode dienenden Metallschmelze derart einengen, daß sie im wesentlichen der Anodenfläche entspricht, während gleichzeitig ein möglichst großer Anteil der waagerechten Sammelschienen in der gleichen Horizontalebene derart angeordnet wird, daß die Schienen eine möglichst große Fläche einnehmen.3. In a furnace for the melt flow electrolysis of aluminum panels made of solid fluorides are provided on the walls of the electrolytic cell constrict the surface of the metal melt serving as cathode in such a way that they substantially corresponds to the anode area, while at the same time a possible large proportion of the horizontal busbars in the same horizontal plane like this is arranged that the rails occupy as large an area as possible.
Überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß die genannten Nachteile bei einer Elektrolysezelle zur Durchführung von Schmelzflußelektrolysen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Aluminium, mit einer Belastung von mehr als 30 kA unter Anwendung von Maßnahmen, durch die die Wirkung der von den Außenleitern herrührenden magnetischen Felder auf den die Metallschmelze und den Elektrolyten enthaltenden Raum weitgehend aufgehoben wird, sich dadurch vermeiden lassen, daß zwischen die Außenleiter und das Bad zusätzliches Eisen eingebaut ist.Surprisingly, it has been found that the disadvantages mentioned an electrolysis cell for performing melt flow electrolysis, in particular for the production of aluminum, with a Load of more than 30 kA using measures that reduce the effect of the external conductors resulting magnetic fields on the molten metal and the electrolyte containing space is largely canceled, can thereby be avoided that Additional iron is installed between the outer conductor and the bathroom.
Die Ausführung des Erfindungsvorschlages kann in verschiedener Weise geschehen: So kann man z. B. die Wandung der Zarge verstärken und/oder bei geschlossenen Elektrolyseöfen den Teil der Schmelze außerhalb der Anode mit Eisen abdecken. Bei Verwendung geteilter Anoden kann man auch Stahlstäbe oder -profile zwischen den einzelnen Anodenblöcken hindurchführen, die beiderseits auf der Zargenwandung aufliegen. Letzteres ist besonders dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Kontaktnippel der Anoden nicht querdurchgehen.The proposed invention can be carried out in various ways happen: So you can z. B. reinforce the wall of the frame and / or when closed Electrolytic furnaces cover the part of the melt outside the anode with iron. at Using split anodes you can also use steel bars or profiles between the Pass through the individual anode blocks that rest on both sides of the frame wall. The latter is particularly advantageous if the contact nipples of the anodes are not go across.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEL15245A DE1143032B (en) | 1953-04-18 | 1953-04-18 | Electrolysis cell for performing melt flow electrolysis, especially for the production of aluminum |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEL15245A DE1143032B (en) | 1953-04-18 | 1953-04-18 | Electrolysis cell for performing melt flow electrolysis, especially for the production of aluminum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1143032B true DE1143032B (en) | 1963-01-31 |
Family
ID=7260054
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEL15245A Pending DE1143032B (en) | 1953-04-18 | 1953-04-18 | Electrolysis cell for performing melt flow electrolysis, especially for the production of aluminum |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE1143032B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1179011B (en) | 1953-04-18 | 1964-10-01 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Electrolysis cell, especially for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis, with currents over 50 kA and one-sided power supply |
| DE1183699B (en) | 1953-12-05 | 1964-12-17 | Elektrokemisk As | Arrangement for furnace for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
| DE1221024B (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1966-07-14 | Siemens Ag | Fused metal electrolysis furnace with high currents for the production of aluminum |
| DE1222270B (en) | 1958-07-02 | 1966-08-04 | Siemens Ag | Rectangular fused-salt electrolysis furnace with reduced hump effect, especially for the production of aluminum |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1041262B (en) | 1953-04-16 | 1958-10-16 | Elektrokemisk As | Furnace for the electrolytic aluminum production |
| DE1049108B (en) | 1953-02-05 | 1959-01-22 | Elektrokemisk As | Arrangement of busbars for electrolytic cells |
-
1953
- 1953-04-18 DE DEL15245A patent/DE1143032B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1049108B (en) | 1953-02-05 | 1959-01-22 | Elektrokemisk As | Arrangement of busbars for electrolytic cells |
| DE1041262B (en) | 1953-04-16 | 1958-10-16 | Elektrokemisk As | Furnace for the electrolytic aluminum production |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1179011B (en) | 1953-04-18 | 1964-10-01 | Vaw Ver Aluminium Werke Ag | Electrolysis cell, especially for the production of aluminum by melt flow electrolysis, with currents over 50 kA and one-sided power supply |
| DE1183699B (en) | 1953-12-05 | 1964-12-17 | Elektrokemisk As | Arrangement for furnace for the electrolytic production of aluminum |
| DE1222270B (en) | 1958-07-02 | 1966-08-04 | Siemens Ag | Rectangular fused-salt electrolysis furnace with reduced hump effect, especially for the production of aluminum |
| DE1221024B (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1966-07-14 | Siemens Ag | Fused metal electrolysis furnace with high currents for the production of aluminum |
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