DE10316119A1 - Extruded and compressed stand of vegetable materials, to be cut into small units, e.g. for pallet blocks, uses hot water/steam to gel the bonding agent followed by evaporation and extraction of vapors - Google Patents

Abstract

To harden extruded strands of vegetable materials, the compressed strand from the extruder (1) is heated wholly or partially by hot water or steam to the required temperature to activate the bonding agent. To harden extruded strands of vegetable materials, the compressed strand from the extruder (1) is heated wholly or partially by hot water or steam to the required temperature to activate the bonding agent. The hot water is delivered through narrow slits (17) after the zone where there is no longer wear in the hardening channel. The heat gels the bonding agent in a bonding channel (4), and then any vapor is extracted in an evaporation channel (5) together with a vacuum pump (29).

Description

method and device for curing strands from small parts with binders after an extrusion press.

So far, these strands have become pallet blocks by the process DE 29 32 406 in combination with a heating duct according to DE 25 35 989 manufactured. These presses are now said to be using the PCT / EP / 99/00558; PCT / EP / 00/04852 and / or. PCT / EP / 06872 to be modernized or replaced. Compared to the former, technically outdated processes, the solutions of the second mentioned processes offer only limited progress and even considerable disadvantages in terms of energy consumption.

The In the above-mentioned processes, compression takes place by means of a press stamp, which is designed with a continuous, hollow-bored piston rod. When extruding, through the piston rod bore, longitudinal fixed mandrel led.

The curing channels used according to DE 25 35 989 require a high heat requirement of up to about 220 kcal / kg strand and only heat the strand at a speed of approx. 11 s / mm strand thickness. The inadequate heating rate should be with PCT / EP / 00/04852 and / or. PCT / EP / 00/06872 can be increased. However, the latter methods require a considerably higher energy and do not teach how the H ₂ O condensed in the strand can be removed again.

The curing can with PCT / EP / 99/00558; PCT / EP / 00/04852 and / or. PCT / EP / 06872 may be significantly reduced, but it will be Strang contained water only then a usable pallet block have it produced if so much steam is supplied from the steam station, that that's initially cool Strand condensed water evaporates again as far as possible.

in the relationship for the production of chipboard is the energy requirement for the above Procedure too high.

The continuous output of the devices mentioned DE 29 32 406 is currently 27,000 to 30,000 blocks in 24 hours. Also when using PCT / EP / 99/00558; PCT / EP / 00/04852 and / or. PCT / EP / 06872 the output can hardly be increased to over 50,000 pallet blocks / day at a height of 78 mm.

With the registrations DE 101 53 193.1 and DE 101 53 195.8 Methods have been known in which the strands are hardened essentially by water vapor introduced into the strand. The methods also teach that the steam condensed in the strand is either vaporized again by increasing the temperature of the strand to above 100.degree. C. or by applying a partial vacuum to lower the vaporization temperature of the H ₂ O below the strand temperature. In the device area, the registrations propose to arrange the heating duct hoses or covers that are to seal the heating duct.

such Devices can not with existing extrusion presses and with new ones to be built Devices can only be realized with considerable effort.

• – was mit dem Dampf im Strang geschieht, bzw. wie er aus dem Strang entfernt werden soll,
• – wie der durch den H₂O-Eintrag erweichte Strang ohne klemmen durch den Heizkanal transportiert werden soll.
• – wie vermieden werden kann, dass die Austragsöffnungen für den Dampf durch kleinste Abriebteile des Stranges nicht verstopft werden.
• – wie Dampfspannungen verhindert werden.

In DE-OS 20 16 771 is taught to harden the strand by superheating steam. With this teaching, the steam entry into the strand should be made in a point or line shape along several surface lines. DE-OS 20 61 771 does not give the user or the average specialist any information:

• - what happens to the steam in the line or how it should be removed from the line,
• - How the strand softened by the H ₂ O entry is to be transported through the heating duct without jamming.
• - How can it be avoided that the discharge openings for the steam are not blocked by the smallest wear parts of the strand.
• - how steam tensions are prevented.

With the quasi-general note that curing through overheating No expert is able to / should produce steam using an extrusion press to build.

The Invention is therefore the task, a method and a Show device with which the strand with the lowest energy requirement and with a short overall length the curing channel cured without gas leakage can be.

The Objects of the invention have been achieved with the features of the claims.

According to the invention, the strand is brought to its setting temperature essentially by hot water, evaporating hot water or steam in the heating duct. The heating of the heating ducts either predominantly has a temperature control task or serves to overheat the H ₂ O or as a steam boiler.

If the heating of the heating duct has only one temperature control task, the invention teaches to heat the heating duct only to such an extent that the temperature corresponds at least approximately to the H ₂ O inlet temperature. In this embodiment, the heating medium H ₂ O preferably enters the strand as saturated steam in order to initially condense in the strand while releasing energy.

If the heating duct serves as a superheater, it is brought to a significantly higher temperature than the steam inlet temperature. In this embodiment, the heating medium H ₂ O preferably enters the strand as superheated steam in order to initially condense in the strand with the release of energy.

If the heating duct serves as a steam boiler, it is heated to such an extent that the H ₂ O, as it flows through it, evaporates and enters the line as saturated steam or superheated steam, in which it initially condenses, releasing energy.

In contrast to PCT / EP / 99/01988, the invention dispenses with the generation of a set outer layer of the strand and with a first reactor for producing a particularly smooth edge zone. The first reactor is still subject to wear, which is particularly caused by the sand in the chips. This zone ranges from the beginning of a significant compression in the filling and pressing room to the height in the pressing room, in which a thin edge layer of the strand is heated to such a temperature that the paraffin contained in the glue escapes and always on the walls of the setting channel forms a protective layer against abrasion. Starting in the wear-free area of the setting channel, i.e. still in the rigid area of the preheating channel, at a distance, depending on the profile of the strand. From approximately 100 mm to approximately 900 mm before the front end position of the press ram or the front edge of the compression element, the invention teaches the heating medium to be introduced into the setting channel over a longer distance. The length of the H ₂ O feed section depends on the strand profile, the amount of H ₂ O required, the gelling time of the binder and the performance of the press, and in particular on the dimensional stability of the strand. The invention in each case only teaches so much H ₂ O to be introduced into the strand that it is not compressed during transport through the setting duct or heating duct or that its shape does not change disadvantageously during transport or that its density increases appreciably.

In practice, lengths of approximately 1 to approximately 10 m have proven successful. As a guideline, a maximum length of up to approximately the amount from the gel time in min × the performance of the press in m / min plus a safety margin can be given. With more stable profiles, however, it has been found that less than about half of this distance is usually sufficient. The reason for this is that the amount of chips dries again immediately after it has been softened by the H ₂ O entry and regains its original strength. The H ₂ O penetrates the strand from a multitude of narrowest slits between the walls of the setting channel and the inserts described below. According to the invention, the slots are kept so narrow that the smallest wear parts of the strand are larger than the width of the slots and therefore do not get into them. An inventive structure of the H ₂ O feed is designed as follows:
The heating brackets are provided with an H ₂ O feed hole for each surface, or the heating plates with at least one H ₂ O feed hole. The H ₂ O feed hole is connected by holes to the grooves, which are made in the pressing direction in the pressing-side surfaces at a distance of approximately 50 mm to approximately 500 mm. In the case of angular strands, the invention proposes a row of grooves in each of the four larger areas. There is generally no need for H ₂ O discharge from the corner surfaces. The groove contour preferably corresponds to that of feather keys according to DIN 6885. The groove depth is at least the feather key height. Modified feather keys in accordance with DIN 6885 Form E are recommended as a particularly simple version of the inserts. A large part of the side surfaces are removed from these, so that steam outlet slots of approx. 0.01 to approx. 0.2 mm wide are created on both sides during installation. The steam outlet slots can wedge-shaped in depth. The lower surface of the feather key is also removed, preferably down to the area of the round ends by up to approximately 2 m. The insert is screwed into the groove. The advantage of this design is that narrowest steam slots can be realized in a simple manner, the width of which is so small that even the smallest abrasion parts of the strand cannot penetrate into the slots. Even if the slots become clogged over time, they can be easily cleaned by simply disassembling the inserts. For this purpose, the invention provides for forcing threads in the feather keys.

In the case of round strands or in the case of extruded profiles with an uneven outer contour, the invention teaches to produce the groove with a ball mill or to erode them in the case of particularly complicated extruded profiles. The insert is formed in the outer contour in such a way that there is a fixed fit in the groove and the described steam outlet gaps arise. The inner contour of the insert corresponds to the heating angle. The attachment is made by one or more screws or by soldering on the hotplate surfaces that do not touch the strand. In the case of a screw fastening, the invention proposes that the insert sits with a press fit in the groove or that it would be built into the insert resistant sealing cord.

The The amount of steam introduced into the inlet section is dimensioned in such a way that the strand in height the last entry point is brought to the setting temperature.

If the desired setting temperature is below the evaporation temperature of the H ₂ O, there is no overpressure in the strand. However, the invention foresees that can pass into a container from the strand escaping steam or water via the pipes described below Abzugsnuten and H ₂ O and condensed in this if necessary. This is also a safety device in the event of faults. If the press is at a standstill for a long time, the strand will heat up to over 100 ° C, causing steam to escape.

However, if the setting temperature is above 100 ° C, there is an overpressure in the area in the strand in which the H ₂ O no longer condenses. The seals between the heating brackets or heating plates described below prevent H ₂ O from escaping into the environment. By means of pressure relief valves according to the pull-off grooves described later, the invention prevents an uncontrolled excess pressure from developing in the strand and the heating plates or heating angles being pressed apart. By means of pressure measuring devices, for example pressure measuring cells, the invention provides for constant friction of the strand by changing the tensioning forces of the known tensioning cylinders, even if the pressures in the strand change.

If a strand with a particularly smooth, higher density outer layer is to be produced, the invention also dispenses with a reactor according to EP 0 376 175 or the subsequent developments. It only arranges several grooves with inserts at short intervals of approximately 15 to approximately 45 mm at the start of the H ₂ O entry. The number of closely spaced grooves can be up to about 12. This means that a larger H ₂ O entry occurs first. The edge zone of the strand is thus softened and compressed and smoothed to a greater extent by the pressing parts of the inner zone.

After the area of the H ₂ O entry, that is to say the actual heating duct, the strand arrives in a setting duct of the same construction, except for the H ₂ O supply devices which are not required. The length of this section is dimensioned such that the strand is completely tied after it has left it. The gelling time of the binder in min × the performance of the press in m / min can be given as a length specification. However, this is a longest measure.

As practical value of the total length of the curing channel can be a length of about 1.5 to 2 times the product from the gel time in min × the Press performance in m / min. For example, with a gel time of 75 sec and a press performance of 7 m / min a sufficient heating channel length of 1.25 min × 7 m / min = 8.75 x 1.5 or 2 = 13.125 m or 17.5 m. The lengths of the heating duct parts are 3 m there is a total length of 15 or 18 m.

In this area, the above-described overpressure can be present and limited, or the H ₂ O can get into the above-described container without pressure.

If the strand temperature is below 100 ° C., the strand is fed through a subsequent channel section, the evaporation channel, which is also constructed in the same or similar way as the aforementioned setting section. In this, the strand is subjected to a partial vacuum of approximately 0.2 to approximately 0.8 ata, preferably around 0.5 ata. The vacuum is in principle dimensioned such that the strand temperature is above the evaporation temperature of the H ₂ O in the applied vacuum. In this variant of the invention, the vaporization energy of the H ₂ O is released to the strand. So only a fraction of the amount of steam is required as in the variant of the invention in which the strand temperature is above 100 ° C. With this variant, however, no vacuum device is required. Rather, the H ₂ O can be fed to the container described above without pressure.

For the vacuum generation, the invention preferably uses an injection capacitor, which it arranges under the heating angles. Put simply, it is a larger pipe that is connected to the trigger grooves by lines. Finely atomized cold water is injected approximately at the height at which the lines lead into the condenser tube, which allows the H ₂ O to condense. The condensation can either be started by an auxiliary pump, or by the extrusion press first being driven so slowly that the extrudate heats up to above the evaporation temperature. The steam emerging from the line now condenses in the condenser and sets the condensation in motion permanently. The press is now brought up to speed.

The condensate contains the gases and glue that escapes from the strand, which up to now had to be extracted in a complex and ineffective manner. In an embodiment according to the invention, the condensate can be cleaned of the foreign substances in a suitable manner on conventional systems and as hot or steam or hot water water generators are supplied. This results in considerable energy savings.

In a similarly more advantageous way The invention creates the vacuum by means of a vacuum pump, for example through a root pump.

The The setting channel can be kept shorter according to the invention when the saw is set up at such a distance from the end of the heating duct that the strand can completely set due to the heat contained in it. In this The strand can be given space by a simple hood that wraps around the strand are covered, from which escaping gases described container supplied become.

The The setting channel and the evaporation channel can also advantageously be used together can be combined, resulting in a shorter overall length.

Heating channels in which square strands are hardened for pallet blocks, so far consist of fixed and movable heating angles. The single ones Heater brackets are made of plates screwed together, through their longitudinal holes Heat transfer oil is guided. The construction of the heating angle from screwed angles is only apparent simple. Indeed it does not take a lot of effort to put two flat steels in commercial, So reworked width without distortion and especially straight to screw together especially since the straightness even at a working temperature up to 220 ° C must be preserved. There is also a seal between the heating plates required.

Surprisingly, the constructive solution of the invention, milling the heating angles out of one piece, has proven to be the simpler and less expensive. The reason lies in the high cutting performance of today's milling machines and boring mills. Another advantage of the one-piece construction is that the grooves for the discharge of the H ₂ O and the sealing elements can be made in the same clamping. In addition, the position of the heat transfer oil holes can be determined regardless of screws. The invention therefore provides each surface of a heating angle facing the strand with two grooves, the openings of which point in the same direction. One groove is used to hold the seal and the second is used to remove the H ₂ O. The groove for the seal protrudes from one leg and the groove for removing the H ₂ O from the inner surface of the, preferably, other leg. The trigger groove is arranged in such a way that when the two heating angles are in a division of labor, the two trigger grooves lie within the sealing grooves. Square pallet blocks usually have bevelled corners. With blocks measuring 100 × 145 and 145 × 145 mm, they are bevelled by 15 × 15 mm. A preferred position of the trigger groove is in the area of this bevel. It is not necessary to chamfer the inside corner of the heating angle, rather it can be made with sharp edges. In principle, it is possible to dispense with the pull-off grooves in such extruded profiles and to use the free corner as a pull-out groove, but there is the possibility of condensation, whereby condensed water can damage the strand. The ending therefore prefers the withdrawal grooves through which the H ₂ O is derived. It also teaches to insert a trigger groove into the heating angle under each lower corner of the strand and possibly also above each upper corner of the strand.

The Withdrawal grooves are connected to the capacitor by lines.

The Sealing grooves protrude in the longitudinal direction either through the whole leg or directly to the End of the angle led to the inside of the leg. In the sealing grooves the invention an extruded profile made of heat-resistant plastic, e.g. Viton, PTFE or PEER. The side of the sealing profile protruding from the sealing groove is extruded with a kind of toothing, which creates several sealing lips results and enables that the heating angles can be moved somewhat in their distance from each other. The Hardness of Sealing profiles can be around 50 to 90 Shore. Such sealing profiles are not commercially available. However, some manufacturers, e.g. of hydraulic seals extruded according to customer specifications. Forms just as advantageous the invention the sealing profiles similar one- or two-sided Nutringen from the field of hydraulic seals.

The Heating angles are generally made in a length of 2 to 4 m, preferably 3 m long. The movable heating angles are kept 2 to about 10 mm shorter, so that they can be opened. For vacuum generation means this is due to the resulting air gap in the System penetrates and the vacuum formation is reduced. This is for the invention However, it is not a disadvantage that they are mainly in the pressure range of about 0.2 to 0.8 ata, preferably around 0.5 ata. Theoretically can achieve a pressure of up to 0.07 ata with condensation become. This would however, cool the strand too much. The feeder of external air has therefore not proven to be disadvantageous in practice affected.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the invention seals the gap between the movable heating angles by means of hinged sealing brackets. These sealing brackets are provided with the known seals and enable the one individual movable heating angle to the necessary extent to each other can move radially to the pressing direction while maintaining the tightness.

In another equally advantageous embodiment provides the invention the movable heating brackets or heating plates with sealing profiles on the front or sealing plates and seals them against each other. To the heating angle open together to be able to the movable heating angles are connected to each other, e.g. bolted and when opening together in the pressing direction by means of a force sensor, e.g. one Hydraulic cylinder shifted by a few mm in the pressing direction. The Unfolding the movable heating angle is conveniently done by hydraulic cylinders, with gas pressure or gas tension springs the weight of the movable heating duct debris largely compensate, which on the, in the swivel axis of the movable Heating duct debris lying Shaft that guarantees a smooth opening, only a small torsional force acts.

at the previous heating channels is attached in the pressing direction by a tension rod, which is provided with hinge eyes at both ends. Should they movable heating angle independently open from each other can be and sealing by seals on the front side teaches the invention instead of the tension rods Cylinder to use. So that can the movable heating channel angles are shifted to each other to the extent necessary become.

Existing Extrusion presses can also be advantageous with the invention Modernize wise. The heating angle of the heating channels are described in the above Groove the way. Only the trigger grooves may have to be kept flatter. The length of the existing heating ducts is about 30 to 33 m. You can be shortened to the aforementioned length with the invention.

round strands have so far been manufactured in a heating pipe divided in half. The invention, however, teaches the strand contour from two opposite Working out plates. This can be done by deep hole drilling. Here the two plates are annealed, pre-processed and screwed together or welded and then be the longitudinal bore for the Extruded profile and the heating holes introduced. In the lower heating plate are then the trigger grooves are incorporated and in the upper the grooves for the sealing profiles. Instead of deep drilling, the strand contour can of course also by milling be produced, which is the invention in particular with round profiles with a two-sided flattening. The trigger grooves end 2 to 5 cm in front of the hotplate ends. The sealing grooves in the top The heating plate is outside of the trigger grooves and become an extruded profile at the plate ends in the arc manufactured. This will ensure adequate sealing on simple Way guaranteed. Despite the external air flowing in between the upper heating plates, the Invention generally sufficient vacuum. Should this especially when modernizing existing extrusion presses not sufficient, the invention sees an additional vacuum pump, e.g. a Root pump in front or it uses the seals described above.

The Heater brackets or heating plates are connected to each other by folding brackets and radially displaceable against each other. You will be provided with power by a defined pressure and determine the density of the strand. In processes in which the strand density by the Pin is determined, press the heating plates only with such a force against the strand, that the heat input without great Gap losses can occur or they determine the strand density by a defined pressure during of strand transport. In the event of faults or need to empty the heating bracket or heating plates are opened. With older presses this happens through the sheer muscle strength of several people. With newer machines, this force is reduced by counterweights. Latter cost about the same as hydraulic folding devices, but require considerable space in width. The invention, however, uses as the simplest inexpensive and slim build solution Tension gas springs or gas pressure springs. These are preferred with a force is provided, the weight of the heating angle or heating plates just overcomes and thus prevents unwanted folding.

The use of superheated steam is taught in the prior art steam curing teachings. The revoked patent DE 199 08 315 even describes a "high-tension superheated steam (whatever that may be) with a pressure of 15 to 19 bar as particularly advantageous. The invention, on the other hand, has recognized that dry steam in a pressure range of approximately 2.5 to approximately 9 ata, in exceptional cases even higher, is particularly suitable. Superheated steam has only a slightly higher usable enthalpy. In the case of strands with a diameter of 95 mm, dry saturated steam of 4 ata, for example, has proven to be particularly advantageous if the strand is heated to approximately 100 ° C. and a vacuum of 0.5 to 0.6 ata is applied in the evaporation duct. It has been shown in test measurements that the enthalpy utilization of the H ₂ O is very successful and that the strand temperature is advantageously reduced without an adverse extension of the setting time. In this example, the length of the setting channel was only about 1/3 of the product from the gelling time of the binder in min × the performance of the press in m / min.

In order to reduce the energy requirement and thus the manufacturing costs through the use of humid small parts of up to 8% atro or more, the invention improves the energy balance in that it P 199 62 513 further developed. This teaching is characterized in that the mixture is composed in such a way that it initially does not harden, or only insignificantly, and that an agent is added to the mixture in the area of the extrusion device which causes or accelerates the hardening of the mixture. The invention makes use of this teaching by adding the glue to the small parts in liquid or powder form in front of the extrusion press, and the hardener only through the mandrel and / or through the slots of the first, up to about 12 at a closer distance of about 15 mm to about 45 mm inserts in a row. You improved P 199 62 513 However, it is crucial that the small parts are processed with the glue at a higher temperature than usual. It also solves a different task than that P 199 62 513 Asked. Its main task is to prevent the batch from setting before it is processed in the extrusion press. However, the object of the invention is not to extend the possible dwell time of the batch, but to use the energy contained in the small parts after the dryer for curing. It does not cool the small parts as usual so that their temperature after the glue mixer is below about 50 ° C and the batch can be processed for a few minutes, but rather leaves it in a higher temperature range, in which they have little or no temperature Tie off heat. The temperature is kept as high as possible. In the case of liquid glue, it can be from 60 ° C to about 90 ° C, i.e. up to the temperature at which the glue does not dry out until it is compressed in the extrusion press. With powdered glue, the temperature can be significantly higher. However, the steam emerging from the chips must be removed to avoid condensation on the device walls. In the temperature range of up to approximately 100 ° C, the use of powdered glue is particularly advantageous, since the glue powder adheres well to the slightly damp surface of the small parts.

The required energy by 1 kg of chips to heat with a humidity of 10% dry to 1 ° C is about 1.65 kJ. Taking than earlier Chip inlet temperature 45 ° C and as the chip entry temperature according to the invention in the press 90 ° C this results in a saving of 74.25 kJ per kg of chips at Setting because this amount of heat no longer fed to the strand must become.

In this variant of the invention, the structure of the curing duct is particularly cost-effective if the strand temperature after the heating duct is above 100.degree. The heating duct can be kept considerably shorter than when using small parts at the usual temperature, usually a length of about 1/3 of the product from the setting time is sufficient (gel time of the binder in min × the performance of the press in m / min, since only one after the heating duct has left the strand is sufficiently stable that it only has to be evaporated between the guide rails. The guide rails are pressed together either with tensioning elements as with the heating duct or simply by springs. The latter is usually sufficient and the springs only have the task of preventing longitudinal expansion of the strand, if necessary The total evaporation channel can have a length up to approximately that of the product from the setting time (gelling time of the binding agent in min × the performance of the press in m / min. However, usually 1/3 is sufficient weighs in a lidded tub. It is sealed against the non-pressurized escape of steam. The H ₂ O emerging from the strand is led from the trough via lines into the container already described.

The Invention is illustrated below without restricting the general idea of the invention of embodiments described by way of example with reference to the drawings, wherein on the rest in terms of the disclosure of all details according to the invention not explained in detail in the text expressly is pointed out.

It demonstrate:

1 , a section through an extrusion press.

2 , a section on the line I - I according to 1 ,

3 , A detailed view in the direction of arrow II according 2 ,

4 , a section on the line III - III according to 3 ,

5 , a section on the line III - III according to 3 ,

6 , a detail section through a heating angle.

7 , a section on the line I - I according to 1 ,

8th , a section on the line I - I according to 1 ,

9 , a top view of a hot plate.

10 , a section on the line IV - IV according to 1 ,

11 , a section through a seal.

12 , a section through an evaporation channel.

13 , a section through a tying channel.

14 , a detail section through a movable heating angle.

15 , a detail section through a built-in seal.

16 , a detail section through a built-in seal.

17 , a section through a curing channel.

18 , a section through a curing channel.

1 , shows a section through an extrusion system. As a press 1 In the exemplary embodiment, a continuous press according to European application 020 00525.02 is used. However, any other press, for example a piston extrusion press, can be used. The extrusion is shown, i.e. the pressing without a hole. Of course, mandrels of any design can also be used.

To the press 1 the well-known rigid preheating duct closes 2 on. The heating duct follows this 3 , the setting channel 4 and the evaporation channel 5 ,

In the exemplary embodiment, the heating duct consists of the partially movable section 6 with radially partially movable walls 7 and the section 8th with radially movable walls 9 , The section 7 is only required for very sensitive extruded profiles, even after leaving the preheating duct 2 still need a certain radial clamping to be able to be transported. With more stable strands, the entire heating channel 3 with radially movable walls. In the exemplary embodiment, the partially movable wall 7 through the attack 10 prevented from getting to the preheat channel end 11 to move radially. The distance from the front edge of the compression element or the press ram in dimension 12 is dimensioned such that in the area of the first H2O outlet opening 13 no wear on the inner walls 10 of the preheating duct 2 more occurs. The measure 12 is approximately between approximately 100 to approximately 900 mm. If the strand is to be provided with a more compact, particularly smooth outer layer, the H ₂ O outlet openings are at the beginning of the H ₂ O entry zone 15 at a smaller distance from each other from about 15 to about 45 mm in size 16 held. The number of H2O outlet openings closer together can be up to about 12. The following H ₂ O outlet openings can be at a distance of approximately 50 mm to approximately 500 mm from one another. So much H2O or energy is introduced into the strand through the H2O outlet openings that at the level of the last H ₂ O outlet opening 17 the strand is brought to the setting temperature completely. If the setting temperature is above 100 ° C, there is an overpressure in the area in which no parts of the H ₂ O no longer condense. The pressure is increased by pressure relief valves 18 in the drain pipes 19 limited. Informed by the pressure cells 20 the pressure in the chip cylinders 21 changed so by the controller so changed that the force acting on the heating angle 22 . 23 pushes apart, is eliminated.

If the setting temperature of the strand is below 100 ° C, there is no overpressure. In this case, the escaping H ₂ O is depressurized into the container 24 directed.

The setting channel follows the heating channel 4 , in which the binder of the strand sets or gels. The setting channel is kept free of pressure. To this end, the invention provides the line 25 to the container 24 , In this, the H ₂ O can condense, if necessary, and is subsequently cleaned and returned to the heating circuit. Should the heating duct 3 heating the H ₂ O to working temperature is the boiler 26 dispensable. There is then only one pump in the line 27 required. If the heating duct is to overheat the H ₂ O, the temperature in the boiler is increased 26 kept lower than in the heating duct 3 , Furthermore, the heating energy can be essentially from the boiler 24 be generated. The heating duct 3 has the quasi a tempering function.

The evaporation channel follows the setting channel 5 , If the strand temperature is above 100 ° C, the evaporation can take place under ambient pressure. this is just the line 28 with the line 26 connected. If the line temperature is below 100 ° C, the vacuum pump 29 or a condenser in the line generates a vacuum which is dimensioned such that the evaporation temperature of the H ₂ O is below the line temperature. The capacitor is preferably designed as an injection capacitor.

The setting channel 4 and the evaporation channel 5 can also be combined with each other, which means that their functions overlap, which enables a shorter overall length.

2 , shows a section through a heating duct on the line II according to 1 , The example is with sharp corners 30 is dropped. In general, it is not necessary for strands for pallet blocks to adapt the corners to the contour of the strand in the area after the preheating channel. Escaping gases or vapors can escape through the evaporation grooves 31 and the pipes 32 be dissipated. The seals prevent the environment from escaping 33 prevents that in the grooves 34 are used. In the exemplary embodiment, the heating duct is heated by hot water or heat transfer oil which flows through the holes 35 flows. If the heating medium has the task of merely tempering the heating duct, the temperature is adjusted approximately to the inflowing H ₂ O. If it has the task of overheating the steam, a higher temperature than the inflowing steam is selected. However, the heating channel can also work as a "boiler". In this case, so much heat transfer oil is supplied at a suitable temperature that this is through the holes 36 led water evaporates in this and gets into the strand as saturated steam or superheated steam. In the 1 mentioned steam outlet points are grooves 37 into the inserts 38 are let in. The H ₂ O came out of the hole 36 over the tap holes 33 into the distributor groove 40 and from these through the slots on the sides of the inserts 38 in the strand. As a suitable height of the distributor groove in the measure 41 can be called up to about 2 mm.

The seals 33 Made of a heat-resistant plastic with its geometry described later, the movable heating angle can be radially evaded 42 while maintaining the tightness of the interior 43 ,

3 , shows a detailed view in the direction of arrow II according to 1 , In the groove 44 is the insert 45 inserted. In the exemplary embodiment, it consists of a feather key according to or similar to DIN 6885 Form E which is reworked on the side surfaces in such a way that the slots 46 in a width of approx. 0.01 mm to approx. 0.2 mm in size 47 arise. The finishing can be done in the simplest way by grinding. According to the slot width in the measure 47 is smaller than the wear parts of the strand and these do not get into the slots and can block them. Of course, it is also possible to cut the slots without reworking the insert by selecting a suitable fit between the insert 45 and the groove 44 to create. The inserts are in the embodiment by the screws 48 attached and can by the thread 49 easily out of the groove 44 be pressed. Of course, the invention also considers other shapes of the insert pieces to be suitable.

4 shows a detail section on the line III - III according to 3 , The heated H ₂ O passes through the hole 50 in the tap hole 51 and in the distributor groove 52 the slots 53 in the strand.

5 , shows a detail section on the line III - III according to 3 , The sidewalls 54 of the insert 55 are reworked at an angle in the exemplary embodiment, which results in a higher steam throughput.

6 , shows a detail section through a preheating duct or a heating duct with corners adapted to the strand 56 , The corners are in the preheating duct 56 customarily adapted to the strand contour. In the case of the heating duct, this can be advantageous for a better surface of the strand, but is generally not carried out. The invention also provides an H ₂ O discharge from the corners 56 in the preheating duct if required. The hole is used for the H ₂ O feed 57 brought in. The H ₂ O passes through the blind hole 58 in the strand. The exit column 59 with a size of about 0.01 to about 0.2 mm in size 60 are through the insert 61 formed which at its bottom 62 for H ₂ O passage is profiled. It is for example through the screw 63 attached. posed, rounded or the strand 58 be carried out accordingly.

7 shows a section on the line IV - IV acc. 1 for round strands. The hole 64 can be done by milling out of the fixed heating plate 65 and the movable heating plate 66 generated, as well as by deep hole drilling. In the latter case, the heating plates 65 and 66 prepared and stapled and then deep-drilled. When finishing, should be in measure 67 a gap of about 0.2 mm to 5 mm remains when the movable heating plate 66 is pressed against the strand. The diameter in measure 68 is about 0.2 to 2 mm larger than the diameter of the strand. As the wear parts of the extrusion press wear out, the diameter of the extrusion increases. So that the strand is not between the heating plates 65 and 66 is stuck, the invention sees a tangential chamfer 69 in front. You can at an angle 70 be about 5 ° to 15 °. The seals can both be in the movable heating plate 66 (as shown), as well as in the rigid heating plate 65 be let in. The trigger grooves the invention preferably places in the rigid (or lower) heating plate. It is heated by heat transfer oil or hot water through the holes 71 ,

8th shows a section on the line IV - IV acc. 1 for a flattened strand. The strand contour 72 is milled out of the rigid heating plate 73 and the movable heating plate 74 generated. The further construction follows 6 , To clamp the strand between the heating plates 73 and 74 To avoid it is advantageous to measure the curves at an angle 75 from about 5 ° to about 15 ° with a straight line 76 extend tangentially. The corners can be used to save weight and make it easier to open the heating ducts 77 be removed.

9 shows a plan view of a heating plate for round strands. The trigger grooves 78 will measure up to such a distance 79 to the hotplate ends 80 kept that tight seal 81 (dash-dotted lines) may lie in the contact surface and seal the strand to the outside. The deduction is made through the holes 82 , The seals 83 are led to the strand. The greatest possible seal is due to the abrasion of the protruding parts of the seals 81 reached by strand.

10 shows a cross section through heating angle for angular extruded profiles. The rigid heating angle 82 and the movable heating angle 83 are roughly identical in construction from one piece. Contrary to the first impression, working out the contour from an annealed steel block is considerably cheaper than screwing two legs together, as in 3 , The groove is in both heating angles 84 for the seals 85 incorporated. In the rigid heating angle 82 are the two trigger grooves 86 milled, which protrude almost to the end of the angle. In the case of angular strands with chamfered edges, the invention dispenses with the withdrawal grooves when there is no condensation and the chamfer 87 is sufficiently large, for example 15 × 15 mm. The easiest way to remove the H ₂ O and the foreign substances escaping from the strand is via lines that are in the screw connections 88 end, fed to the capacitor. The necessary heat energy is supplied to the heating angles by heat transfer oil or hot water through the holes 89 fed in the usual way. The corners 90 the heating angle can be rounded instead of sharp-edged, as shown, or the strand 91 be carried out accordingly.

11 , shows a cross section through a sealing profile 92 , It is assembled under No. 52 in 7 , shown. Its width and height depend on the heating angles.

As a guideline for the width in measure 93 can measure 3 to about 15 mm and for height 94 from 4 to 20 mm. The top surface is toothed, with the teeth an angle in dimension 95 from approx. 15 ° to approx. 90 ° at a depth in the measure 96 can have up to about 4 mm. A preferred embodiment has a height in measure 94 15 mm, a width in measure 93 of 9 mm, a tooth angle in dimension 95 of 35 ° and a tooth height in measure 96 from 2.5 mm. The sealing profile 32 is extruded and cut to size as required. It is made of heat-resistant plastic such. B. PEEK (polyether ether ^ketone ; Virtex ^® ) or FPM (fluororubber; Viton ^® ) or manufactured. A suitable hardness can be given as 55 to 90 Shore. Of course, other advantageous shapes and designs for the seal can also be selected.

12 , shows a cross section through an evaporation channel. The illustration is schematic. The movable heating angle 97 is on the folding bracket 98 attached radially displaceable and is by the force transmitter 99 in a known manner against the rigid heating angle 100 pressed. The heating duct is screwed 101 secured and can around the axis 102 be opened. In order that no or only a small amount of force is required for this, the invention balances the weight of the swiveling debris by means of gas tension springs 103 out. The throttle cable springs are an extremely inexpensive and space-saving alternative to counterweights or hydraulic solutions. The one off the line 104 escaping gases and the H ₂ O reach the pipes 105 into the injection condenser 106 , In its condensation room 107 is, preferably at the level of the lines 105 , out of the pipe 108 finely atomized, cold water 109 injected, which allows the H ₂ O to condense. In the event that too much external air is supplied or there is too much inert gas, the vacuum is increased by an additional pump. The condensation is started either by this additional pump or an auxiliary pump, or by slowly starting the press, which heats the strand to over 100 ° C and H ₂ O escapes as steam, which condenses in the condenser and the partial vacuum generated. Then the performance of the press is increased. The vacuum can be between about 0.2 to about 0.8 ata, preferably around 0.5 ata. This means that the system can tolerate a certain amount of external air or inert gas. The strand is only exposed to the partial vacuum to the required length. This means that the vacuum device does not have to extend over the entire evaporation length of the heating duct. Instead of the gas tension spring 103 a gas pressure spring pushing in the opposite direction can also be used.

Instead of The injection condenser can also be any type of condensation or a vacuum pump can be used just as advantageously.

13 , shows a section through a heating duct. Instead of the gas spring from 12 uses the invention in an equally advantageous manner in Embodiment a gas pressure spring 110 , If the strand is heated to over 100 ° C, an overpressure forms in the interior in the area in the strand in which no more H ₂ O condenses. To limit the overpressure and push the heating angle apart 111 To prevent the strand from heating up under increasing pressure, especially when the system is at a standstill, the invention sees the pressure relief valve 112 in front. It does not apply at line temperatures below 100 ° C. in this case the escaping gases; Vapors or water directly into the container 113 directed. Here they can condense, cleaned and fed back into the heating circuit with the addition of fresh water.

14 , shows a detail section through the movable heating angle. The embodiment deals with a version of the invention in which all movable heating angles 114 ; 115 from the preheating duct 116 together by the measure 117 be moved. The individual heating angles are with seals 118 made of heat-resistant plastic and with screws at its ends 119 connected. In the working state of the device, the heating angle through the cylinder 120 against the preheating duct 116 pushed. The folding bracket 121 is connected to the rigid heating angles and does not move.

Should the invention sees the movable heating angles being opened individually for every heating angle its own cylinder.

In contrast to the German registrations P 102 45 285.7 and P 102 45 284.9 the cylinders do not use double-acting cylinders to control the compression, but advantageously two single-acting plunger cylinders 122 and 123 , This results in a significantly simpler construction, since the cylinders have no connection to the heating angle 114 need. A double-acting cylinder must have a gimbal on the cylinder tube and an articulated eye on the rod to control the movements of the heating angle 114 to be able to compensate.

15 , shows a detail section through the area of the sealing of the heating angle. The sealing profile 124 is shown in the relaxed state and with two sealing lips 125 , similar to that of Nutringen in the hydraulic area. Versions with only one sealing lip or with several sealing lips are also possible. The sealing profile 124 is extruded and extruded to length as required. It is made of heat-resistant plastic such. B. PEEK (polyether ether ^ketone ; Virtex ^® ) or FPM (fluororubber; Viton ^® ) or manufactured. A suitable hardness can be given as 55 to 90 Shore. The offset in measure 126 is such that the heating angles can move together almost or completely.

16 , shows a detail section through the area of the sealing of the heating angle. The sealing profile 122 is shown in the relaxed state and with two opposing sealing lips 128 and 129 , similar to that of Nutringen in the hydraulic area. Versions with several sealing lips are also possible. The sealing profile 127 is extruded and extruded to length as required. It is made of heat-resistant plastic such. B. PEEK (polyether ether ^ketone ; Virtex ^® ) or FPM (fluororubber; Viton ^® ) or manufactured. A suitable hardness can be given as 55 to 90 Shore. The offset in measure 130 is such that the heating angles can move together almost or completely

17 , shows a schematic section through a curing channel 131 and treats the sealing of the pinhole 132 , The thorn 133 is with an electric heating cartridge 134 executed, which is at a known height in the strand. The curing channel consists of the section 135 , the preheating duct and the heating duct, the section 136 , the setting channel, the evaporation section 137 and the intermediate area 138 between the curing channel and the saw. The line 139 shows the position of the rear saw blade of the saw, which cuts the strand to length or for example saws to pallet blocks. The intermediate area 138 is by a longitudinally variable sealing element 140 , for example a bellows sealed. the thorn is after the heating element 134 in measure 141 made about 0.2 to about 1.5 mm smaller so that there is no additional friction. In the area of the evaporation section and possibly a little further, the mandrel is made to measure 142 further reduced. The measure 142 is selected such that the desired vacuum is generated despite the gap and the pressure in the degassing section is lower than in the saw housing.

Thus, according to the invention, sawdust through the pinhole 132 sucked in and clog this. This measure eliminates the somewhat problematic sealing plug. The "replacement sealing plug made of sawdust 143 migrates with the strand into the saw, but is constantly renewed.

18 , shows a schematic section through a curing channel 144 and treats the sealing of the pinhole 145 , The structure of the curing channel 144 corresponds to 17 , through the thorn 146 however, hot water, evaporating hot water or steam will flow through the cross holes 147 introduced into the strand. So the strand is from the pinhole 144 brought completely or partially to the setting temperature. Instead of the illustrated Querboh stanchions 147 From approximately 1.5 mm to approximately 5 mm in diameter, the narrowest slots with a width of approximately 0.1 to approximately 1.5 m are preferably sawn or eroded into the mandrel, so that there is no risk of blockage from the smallest abrasion parts of the strand. The arrangement of the cross holes or Slits are preferably made spirally around the mandrel 146 , The back spine 148 is in measure 149 long as possible with running mandrels, but only so long that the strand is not compressed when it is pulled back. The leading edge 150 of the thorn 146 can (also with 17 ) about the end 151 of the curing channel 143 reach almost to the rear position of the saw.

19 , shows a longitudinal section through an extruder. The figure deals with a curing channel 148 , in which the small parts with an elevated temperature of up to about 90 ° C with glue, but without hardener in the press 149 be introduced. The hardener is in the range of the measure 150 mixed with H ₂ O in the form of hot water, evaporating hot water or steam. This area comprises up to about 12 H ₂ O discharge points in the form of the known insert pieces in grooves at a distance of about 15 mm to about 45 mm one behind the other. The area can be both in the preheating duct 151 and / or the heating duct 152 lie. The subsequent H ₂ O discharge points are at a distance of approx. 50 to 1000 mm in a row. At the level of the last H2O outlet, the strand is heated to a setting temperature of over 100 ° C. This means that in the heating duct 152 there is an overpressure caused by the pressure relief valves 153 is limited. The height of the pressure relief valves 153 adjusted so that the H ₂ O is in the form of dry saturated steam or superheated steam in the strand if possible. Through the pressure cells 154 the pressure in the heating duct 152 measured and the clamping force of the clamping cylinders adjusted accordingly. The length in measure 155 can be kept considerably shorter than in the previously described variants of the invention. In general, a length of 1/3 of the product from the setting time (gelling time) of the binder × the performance of the press in m / min is sufficient.

The heating duct 152 follows the setting and evaporation channel 156 , It consists of simple guide rails 157 through tensioning elements 158 (Springs or hydraulic cylinders 9 be squeezed together. When using hydraulic cylinders, this can be done together with the clamping elements 159 of the heating duct 152 take over the density control of the strand. Springs only have the task of preventing a change in length of the strand, in particular by means of a saw, and of maintaining glue stability. The length in measure 160 can be kept considerably shorter than in the previously described variants of the invention. In general, a length of 1/3 of the product from the setting time (gelling time) of the binder × the performance of the press in m / min is sufficient. The construction is in a tub 161 with lid 162 housed in such a way that it is pressureless or tight against low pressure. The H ₂ O is on the line 163 to the container 154 guided.

20 shows a detail section through a sealing bracket in the closed position in the evaporation channel. The distance of the sealing bracket 165 in measure 166 is such that the seals even when the heating angle moves 157 and 168 Prevent outside air from entering the vacuum area. In the area in the hardening duct in which overpressure occurs, the seals are installed in the other direction of sealing. If both overpressure and underpressure are present, the seals are made according to 11 or 16 selected.

21 , shows a section on the line V - V according to 19 , The strand 159 is through the movable guide rails 170 through the feathers 171 against the rigid guide rails 172 pressed. Other clamping elements are also possible instead of the springs. If cylinders are used, they can either be subjected to the same pressure in the pressing cycle, or they are connected to the tensioning elements of the heating duct and determine the strand density with these and / or together with a moving mandrel. The construction is in a tub 173 with lid 174 pressurelessly sealed. The gases emerging from the line and the H ₂ O are released through the nozzle 175 derived to the container described above.

Claims (45)

Process for hardening strands of vegetable parts from small parts in extrusion and extrusion tube pressing, in which the compacted strand after the extrusion press is brought in whole or in part by hot water, evaporating hot water or steam to a favorable setting temperature, characterized in that the H ₂ O is approximately from the area in which there is no more wear in the hardening channel, in a greater length of about to the product of the production output of the press in m / min × the setting time (gelling time) of the binder in min, is entered into the strand, the H ₂ O being off a large number of narrowest slits between the inserts and the associated grooves in which the inserts are inserted, exits and enters the strand, which after the last H2O exit point has reached the setting temperature of up to over 100 ° C, with only that much H ₂ O is entered in the strand so that it remains transportable and the glue rest e is maintained, and this heating area is followed by a setting area in which the binder gels and the strand sets, the setting area having a length up to approximately the product of the production output of the press in m / min × the setting time (gelling time) of the binder in min followed by an evaporation zone in which the strand, when it reaches a temperature of over about 100 ° C, evaporated without pressure and if it has a temperature of below 100 ° C, is evaporated by an applied partial vacuum of about 0.2 ata to about 0.8 ata, preferably around 0.5 ata, and that the evaporation temperature of the H ₂ O in the partial vacuum applied is lower than the strand temperature, and / or that the setting area and the evaporation area are combined to shorten the overall length, and that in extrusion tube pressing the mandrel from the area of the evaporation channel is made smaller in diameter than the strand hole in such a way that Sawdust are sucked in from the following saw and form a constantly renewing sealing plug in the extrusion hole, as a result of which no or only considerably less foreign air is sucked in through the extrusion hole through the partial vacuum present in the evaporation section. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that a higher density, particularly smooth edge zone of the strand is produced in that the H ₂ O at the beginning of the H ₂ O entry path from up to about 12, at a distance in the pressing direction of about 15 mm to approximately 45 mm consecutive H ₂ O exit points enters the strand. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the penetration of external air into the strand prevents it from being sealed by a sealing bracket becomes. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the escape of H ₂ O from the curing channel is prevented by a sealing bracket. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ingress of outside air and the escape of gases in / out the / m strand through seals between the end faces of the movable heating angles / heating plates is prevented by the movable heating angle / heating plates in the working position in the pressing direction pressed against each other are. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the H ₂ O penetrates into the strand as a steam or superheated steam in a pressure range of about 2.5 to about 9 ata, preferably around 4 ata. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial vacuum by a condenser, for example a Injection capacitor is generated. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial vacuum is generated by a pump. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the partial vacuum by a condenser, for example a Injection condenser and a pump is generated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that a, for transport through the curing channel not sufficiently stable strands the first, movable heating angle / heating plate on the preheating duct side is prevented from radial movement. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardener is added to the mixture of small parts and glue only in the first, up to about 12 H ₂ O exit points. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the strand after the heating duct through a setting and evaporation duct guided will, whose guide rails are enclosed in a pressure-tight tub, and the guide rails pressed against the strand by springs in such a way that the strand length does not change or not adversely changes and the strand density through the tensioning elements of the heating duct and or the cathedral is determined. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the strand after the heating duct through a setting and evaporation duct guided will, whose guide rails are enclosed in a pressure-tight tub, and the guide rails interacting with the clamping elements of the heating duct through cylinders pressed against the strand , and thereby the strand density is determined. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the strand after the heating duct through a setting and evaporation duct guided will, whose guide rails are enclosed in a pressure-tight tub, and the guide rails interacting with the clamping elements of the heating duct through cylinders pressed against the strand and in cooperation with a moving mandrel the strand density is determined. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the force of the clamping elements of the curing channel is not in the pressing cycle changed becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gases and H ₂ O emerging from the heating duct and / or the setting duct and / or the evaporation duct are discharged into a container. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the overpressure in the heating duct is limited by valves. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the vacuum in the evaporation channel by a Capacitor, preferably an injection capacitor is generated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the vacuum in the evaporation channel by a Pump is generated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts of the curing channel which are in contact with the strand are tempered in such a way that they have approximately the same temperature as the H ₂ O supplied and the thermal energy for strand heating is supplied to the H ₂ O outside the curing channel. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts of the curing duct which are in contact with the strand are heated to a higher temperature than the H ₂ O supplied and the thermal energy for strand heating is supplied to the H ₂ O from the heating plates / heating angles of the curing duct which it flows through becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parts of the curing duct which are in contact with the strand are heated and have a higher temperature than the steam supplied, the thermal energy for strand heating is essentially supplied to the H ₂ O outside the curing duct and the H ₂ O is dried and / or overheated in the heating angles / heating plates. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the strand-side walls of the Heating angle / heating plates and / or the preheating grooves in one A distance of approx. 50 mm to approx. 500 mm is introduced, in which insert pieces are installed are designed in such a way that narrowest slots from approx. 0.01 mm to approx. 0.2 mm width between the insert pieces and the grooves groove walls form. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the slots are connected to an H ₂ O feed bore via distributor grooves on the base of the inserts and tap holes. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that that the first after the press, up to about 12 pieces in one smaller distance in the pressing direction from approx. 15 to approx. 45 mm to each other stand. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that that the inserts from feather keys according to DIN 6885 Form E are manufactured, with the side surfaces reworked in this way that the steam outlet slots are created and the side facing away from the strand area is partially removed by up to about 2 m, such that a Distribution groove is created. Device according to claim 23, characterized in that the side surfaces of the insert pieces made from feather keys according to DIN 6885 are not reworked and the groove is made in such a size that the H ₂ H discharge slots have a width of approximately 0.01 mm to approximately Own 0.2 mm. Device according to the preceding claims, characterized in that one leg of a heating angle or the lower heating plate is provided with extraction grooves which are connected to the condenser or the container ( 146 ) stay in contact. Device according to the preceding claims characterized that the lower leg of the rigid heating angle and the upper leg of the movable heating angle and / or the side Leg of the heating bracket is provided with trigger grooves, which are connected via lines communicate with the capacitor. Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the movable and the rigid heating angles through seals are sealed against each other and the seals outside of the trigger grooves partially embedded in the heating bracket or heating plates are. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the seals are made of a heat-resistant material, e.g. Viton with a hardness of about 50 to 90 shore extruded and on the side, with which are on the other heating bracket or on the other heating plate with multiple teeth are trained. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the seals are made of a heat-resistant material, e.g. Viton with a hardness of about 50 to 90 shore extruded and on the side, with which are on the other heating bracket or on the other heating plate are provided with one or more sealing lips in the same or point in the opposite direction. Device according to claim 28, characterized in that the ends of the seals rest against the strand. Device according to one of the aforementioned An sayings, characterized in that a thorn partially or completely protrudes into / through the strand. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the rear thorn run as long as possible only run for this long is that the friction between the strand and the rear thorn strand the strand when pulling back the mandrel is not or only slightly moved and not compressed. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the mandrel after heating in diameter by about 0.4 to about 4 executed smaller is. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the mandrel is further reduced in size in the region of the evaporation section and beyond (dimension 142 ) the reduction is chosen such that the desired vacuum is generated despite the gap and the pressure in the degassing section is lower than in the saw housing and the sawdust of the following saw are sucked into the strand hole and seal it. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterized in that the thorn over front end of the binding channel protrudes. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the movable heating angle against each other sealing strap are sealed, the seals of which radially evade the movable Allow heating angle among themselves. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the movable heating bracket opened together (opened) and from a cylinder from the preheating channel in the pressing direction be moved. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the movable heating brackets are opened individually (opened) and a movable heating angle of one cylinder each is moved in the pressing direction. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the evaporation channel in the same way as the heating duct, but without the holes and grooves. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the strand in the evaporation channel by guide rails guided which are pressed against each other by springs. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the strand in the evaporation channel by guide rails guided which is replaced by clamping elements e.g. Cylinders are pressed against each other, that do not change their strength in the press cycle. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the strand in the evaporation channel by guide rails guided which is replaced by clamping elements e.g. Cylinders are pressed against each other, their power in the press cycle with the clamping elements of the heating duct change.