DE10234835B4 - Method and an apparatus for producing an extruded profile - Google Patents

Abstract

Process for producing an extruded profile from a batch consisting of vegetable small parts, in which:
- those vegetable small parts are pushed into a reactor,
Steam or hot water is applied in this reactor and thereby obtained, a vacuum in the range of 0.2-0.8 bar is applied to that strand,
Wherein the vacuum is applied to that strand in the region of the heating channel,
- And the vacuum generation with the involvement of a capacitor and
- With the involvement of an auxiliary pumping device takes place, wherein
- Be exhausted via those auxiliary pump means gases that emerge from the strand.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and a device for Production of an extruded profile.

Out DE 101 53 193 and DE 10153 195 Methods are known in which the curing of the strands is carried out essentially by introduced into the strand of water vapor. In this case, the vapor condensed in the strand is caused to evaporate by heating the strand to temperatures above 100 ° Celsius.

Of the Invention has for its object to provide solutions by which Extruded profiles from vegetable small parts in a comparison to previous Manufacturing concepts improved way can be made.

These The object is achieved by a Method solved by the features specified in claim 1.

In Device-technical terms, the task described above by a device having the features specified in claim 5 solved.

Preferably, the heating angles provided for forming the heating channels are milled out of one piece. An advantage of the one-piece construction is that the grooves for the removal of the H ₂ O and the sealing elements can be introduced in one clamping. In addition, the location of the heat transfer oil wells can be determined without regard to screws. Preferably, each heating angle is provided with two grooves whose openings point in the same direction. One groove is intended to receive the seal and the second removes the H ₂ O. The groove for the seal protrudes from a leg and the groove for discharging the H ₂ O from the inner surface of, preferably, other leg.

The Trigger groove is arranged such that when the two heating angle stand in division of labor against each other, the two extraction grooves within the Sealing grooves lie.

square pallet blocks have mostly beveled Corners. With blocks the crowd 100 × 145 and 145x145 mm are 15 × 15 mm bevelled. A preferred position of the trigger groove is in the region of this chamfer. It is that not necessary to make the inner corner of the heating angle, rather it can be sharp-edged become. Although it is possible in principle, in such extruded profiles to dispense with the Abzugsnuten and virtually the free corner as Abzugsnut to use, but there is the possibility of condensation, wherein Condensation damaging the strand can.

The invention prefers withdrawal grooves through which the H ₂ O is derived. It also teaches under each lower corner of the strand and possibly also above each upper corner of the strand to introduce a trigger groove in the heating angle.

The Discharge grooves can, especially in strands with largely sharp corners oblique in the direction of pressing, so that no change in the strand surface results. It is equally advantageous to increase the suction surface by transverse grooves.

The Discharge grooves are connected by lines to the condenser.

The Sealing grooves protrude in the longitudinal direction either through the whole thigh or directly to the Ends of the angle led to the inside of the thigh. In sealing grooves is preferably an extruded profile made of heat-resistant plastic, z.b. Viton, PTFE or PEER laid. The protruding from the sealing groove side of the sealing profile is extruded with a kind of gearing, resulting in multiple sealing lips results and enables that the heating angles are moved slightly in their distance from each other can. The hardness The sealing profiles can be about 50 to 90 Shore. such Sealing profiles are not commercially available. But they are from some manufacturers, z.b. from hydraulic seals to the customer information extruded.

The Heating angles are generally produced in a length of 2 to 4 m, preferably with 3 m length. The movable heating angles are kept shorter by 2 to about 10 mm, so that they can unfold. For the vacuum generation means this, that by the resulting column foreign air in the System penetrates and reduces the formation of vacuum. This is for the invention but not a disadvantage, they mainly in pressure ranges of about 0.2 to 0.8 ata, preferably around 0.5 ata. Theoretically can achieve a pressure of up to about 0.07 ata with condensation become. This one would however, to cool the strand too much. The feeder from external air therefore appears to be uncritical.

For vacuum generation, the invention preferably uses an injection condenser, which it arranges at the heating angles. In simple terms, this is a larger pipe, which is connected by lines with the withdrawal grooves. Approximately at the height at which the pipes lead into the condenser tube, finely atomized cold water is injected, which causes the H ₂ O to condense. The condensation can either by a Auxiliary pump are set in motion, or in that the extruder is first moved so slowly that the strand heats up to above evaporation temperature. The steam leaving the strand condenses in the condenser and permanently activates the condensation. The press is now brought to its working speed.

in the Condensate are those from the strand with escaping gases and glue components contained, which have been sucked consuming and less effective have to. In an embodiment of the invention can the condensate suitably on conventional systems of the foreign matter be cleaned and fed as hot water to the steam or hot water generator. This results in a considerable energy saving.

Existing Extrusion can also be advantageously achieved with the invention Modernize way. The heating angles of the heating channels are in the previously described Way provided with the grooves. Only the withdrawal grooves may need to be kept flatter. The length the existing heating channels is about 30 to 33 m. You can with the invention to a length, be shortened from the reactor or the steam station, the strand in the setting time plus a security surcharge travels. For example, at a discharge speed of 6 m / min and a setting time of 1 min suffices a length of 9 m, of which 3 m as Security surcharge serve.

round strands have been manufactured so far in a split in two halves heating tube. The invention teaches, however, the strand contour of two opposing To work out plates. This can be done either by deep hole drilling happen. Here, the two plates are annealed, preprocessed and screwed together or welded and subsequently become the longitudinal bore for the Extruded profile and introduced the heating holes. In the lower Heating plate are then incorporated the Abzugsnuten and in the upper grooves for the sealing profiles. Of course, instead of deep drilling, the strand contour can also produced by milling what the invention in particular in round profiles with a Two-edge flattening provides. The withdrawal grooves end 2 to 5 cm in front the heating plate ends. The sealing grooves in the upper heating plate lie outside the Abzugsnuten and are at the plate ends in the arc to the extruded profile manufactured. This will make a sufficient seal on easy Guaranteed manner. Despite the incoming between the upper heating plates outside air reaches the Invention generally a sufficient vacuum. Should this, especially in the modernization of existing extrusion presses not sufficient, the invention provides an additional vacuum pump.

The heating angle or heating plates are preferably hinged together and radially against each other. They are compressed by force transmitters with a defined pressure. According to DE 25 35 989 determine the density of the strand. In more advanced processes, the heating plates only push against the strand with such a force that the heat input can take place without great gap losses. In case of faults or emptying, the heating angle or heating plates must be opened. In older presses, this is typically done manually by several people.

According to one preferred embodiment of Invention are as a simple inexpensive and narrow-building solution Zuggasfedern or gas springs used. These are preferably with a Provided force that just overcomes the weight heating angle or hot plates and thus prevent accidental collapse.

In the still unpublished application DE 101 53 195.8 the second steam reactor is integrated into the heating plates or heating angle. The invention integrates this reactor, if present, of course, also in this and that within the seals. The suction grooves are omitted in the area of the reactor. Rather, the sealing grooves are formed such that the reactor is sealed to the outside.

The Invention will be described below without limiting the general inventive concept of exemplary embodiments described by way of example with reference to the drawings, wherein by the way in terms of the disclosure of all unspecified in the text details of the invention expressly is pointed out.

It demonstrate:

1 , a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions.

2 , a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions.

3 , a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions.

4 , a section through heating angle for angular extrusions.

5 , a section through heating angle for angular extrusions.

6 , a cross section through heating angle for round extruded profiles.

7 , a cross section through heating angle for flattened extruded profiles.

8th , a plan view of a heating plate for round extruded profiles.

9 , a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions.

10 , a section on the line I-i according to 9 ,

11 , a front view of a heating channel.

12 , a front view of a heating channel.

1 , shows a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions. The rigid heating angle 1 and the movable heating angle 2 are in cross-section in about the same design worked out in one piece. Contrary to the first impression, working out the contour from a annealed steel block is considerably cheaper than screwing two legs together, as in 3 , In both heating angle is the groove 3 for the seals 4 incorporated. In the rigid heating angle 1 are the two trigger grooves 5 milled, which protrude to just at the end of the angle. The invention dispenses with angular strands with chamfered edges then on the Abzugsnuten if no condensation occurs and the chamfer 6 sufficiently large, for example 15 × 15 mm. The H ₂ O and the extraneous substances emerging from the strand are easiest via lines that are in the glands 7 ends, fed to the capacitor. The necessary heat energy is the heating angles through heat transfer oil or hot water, through the holes 8th fed in the usual way. The corners 9 The heating angle can instead of sharp-edged, as shown, rounded or the strand 10 be executed accordingly.

2 , shows a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions. The strand 11 is in the embodiment with a hole 12 Mistake. Since it has only a relatively low diffusion resistance, foreign air would pass through the hole 12 sucked. To avoid this, the invention teaches the dome hole 12 about at the end of the vacuum device by a sealing plug 13 or to close a suitable seal. The sealing element 13 For example, by a rod 14 or a chain or wire attached to the mandrel. On strands 11 with holes 12 sees the invention as advantageous if the extraction takes place from all Strangecken ago. It therefore also provides the movable heating angle 15 with extraction grooves 16 ,

3 , shows a cross section through heating angle for square extrusions. The example shown relates to an existing extruder of older design. Between the thighs 17 and 18 the heating angle 19 Seals, eg stiffeners made of Klingerite are introduced, so that no external air can be sucked in here. The rigid heating angle 20 is with the known extraction grooves 21 Mistake. In both heating angle are the grooves 22 for the seals 23 milled. From the geometry of this modernization of the heating channels is feasible without difficulty.

4 shows a section through a heating angle for angular extrusions. The treatment is the rigid heating angle. The on the thigh 24 standing vent groove 25 becomes in width in dimension 26 designed so that it does not protrude from the area of the chamfering of the strand. The other vent groove 27 is also made, but can be kept a little wider because it can protrude partially under the legs of the movable heating angle. The two extraction grooves 25 and 27 do not protrude in full length by the heating angle, but let in the measure 28 stand a short web of a few mm so that as little external air as possible is sucked in. The H ₂ O and the gases leaving the line leave the withdrawal grooves 25 and 27 through the openings 29 towards the condenser. The groove 30 for the seal protrudes through the entire heating angle in the embodiment.

5 shows a section through a heating angle for angular extrusions. In the embodiment, the two longitudinal withdrawal grooves 31 through transverse grooves 32 connected these grooves can run both at right angles and at an angle.

6 shows a cross section through heating plates for round strands. The hole 33 can be cut out both by a solid hot plate 34 and the movable heating plate 35 be produced as well by deep hole drilling. In the latter case, the heating plates 34 and 35 preprocessed and stapled and then deep drilled. When finishing should be in measure 36 a gap of about 0.2 mm to 5 mm remain when the movable heating plate 35 pressed against the strand. The diameter in the measure 37 is about 0.2 to 2 mm larger than the diameter of the strand. With increasing wear of the wear parts of the extruder also increases the diameter of the strand. So that the strand is not between the heating plates 34 and 35 clamps, the invention sees a tangential chamfering 38 in front. She can be at an angle 39 about 5 ° to 15 °. The seals can both in the movable heating plate 35 (as shown), as well as in the rigid heating plate 34 be admitted. The withdrawal grooves presents the invention preferably in the rigid (or lower) heating plate. The heating is done by heat transfer oil or hot water through the holes 40 ,

7 shows a cross section through heating plates for a flattened strand. The strand contour 41 is by milling out of the rigid hot plate 42 and the movable heating plate 43 generated. The further construction is carried out according to 6 , To clamp the strand between the heating plates 42 and 43 To avoid, it is advantageous the curves at an angle in the measure 45 from about 5 ° to about 15 ° with a straight line 44 extend tangentially. To save weight and to facilitate the opening of the heating channels, the corners can 46 be removed.

8th shows a plan view of a heating plate for round strands. The withdrawal grooves 47 become dimensioned to such a distance 48 to the heating plate ends 49 held that the fitting gasket 50 (drawn in phantom) can lie in the support surface and seals the strand to the outside. The deduction is made through the holes 51 , The seals 50 are led to the strand. A most extensive seal is due to the abrasion of the protruding parts of the seals 50 reached by the strand.

9 shows a cross section through heating plates in the height of the second reactor. If the steam or the hot water for strand heating is not supplied directly after the filling and pressing space of the extruder, but only at such a distance that the strand already has a set edge layer, the invention integrates the second reactor 52 , consisting of the two reactor shells 53 in the movable heating plate 54 and the rigid hot plate 55 , So it does not use the elaborate and vulnerable steam station according to Wo 01/07221 or WO 01/0107222. It provides the heating plates, which are only slightly higher, with the recesses 56 and places in this the reactor shells 53 one. The reactor shells are with a distributor slot 57 executed. From the screw connection 58 H ₂ O passes through the hole 59 in the distribution slot 57 and about the column 60 in the strand. The seal is made by the known seals 61 , which are pulled around the reactor shells around to the strand (dashed line 62 ). Of course, no extraction grooves are provided in the area of the reactor.

10 shows a section on the line I-I according to 9 , The reactor shells 63 consist in the embodiment of a single piece. The inner contour 64 corresponds to the heating plates 65 and 66 , The reactor shells 63 are in the heating plates 65 and 66 let in and fastened, for example, with screws. The individual H ₂ O exit slots 67 have a width in measure 68 from about 02 mm to about 2 mm. Their preparation can be done for example by wire EDM. The width of the slots 67 in the measure 68 then preferably corresponds to a conventional erosion wire thickness. The distance of the slots in the dimension 69 may be about 5 to 50, in certain cases, when the strand heating is to take place more slowly, even up to over 100 mm. In the embodiment, the slots 67 tilted in the direction of pressing, which is advantageous for a high dust content in the Stranggemenge against clogging. With a lower dust content and especially with narrow slots 67 However, they can also be perpendicular to the pressing direction. The seals 70 are, as already stated, the rector's bowls 63 pulled around. When placing the H ₂ O in the strand within the sealing area 71 No overpressure can arise, so if the H ₂ O condenses, it may rely on an array of additional clamping elements 72 For example, hydraulic cylinders are dispensed with. However, if the strand is heated to such an extent that an overpressure is created, the clamping elements become 72 dimensioned accordingly. A re-compaction as in WO 01/07221 or WO 01/07222 is neither intended nor considered to be advantageous. Insofar as such a re-compaction is feasible at all, it is highly detrimental to the strand quality, since it destroys or damages the glue compound of the set strand zone. In the length of the reactor shells, a dimension in the measure 73 Proven of about the length of each ejection stroke to about five times the ejection stroke length.

11 shows a front view of a heating channel. The illustration is schematic. The movable heating angle 74 is on the folding bracket 75 attached radially displaceable. And is by the force transmitter 76 in a known manner against the rigid heating angle 77 pressed. The heating channel is made by screws 78 secured and can around the axis 79 be opened. For this purpose, no or only a small amount of force is needed, the invention is similar to the weight of the pivoting components by Gaszugfedern 80 out. The gas tension springs are an extremely inexpensive and space-saving alternative to counterweights or hydraulic solutions. The off the strand 81 escaping gases and the H ₂ O get over the lines 82 in the injection condenser 83 , In the condensation room 84 is, preferably at the level of the lines 82 , from the tube 85 atomized, cold water 86 injected, which condenses the H ₂ O. In the event that too much external air is supplied, or too much inert gas is contained, the vacuum is increased by an additional pump. The condensation is set either by this auxiliary pump or an auxiliary pump in motion or by the fact that the press is first started slowly, causing the strand heated to above 100 ° C and H ₂ O exits as a vapor, which in Kon Condenser condensed and generates the partial vacuum. Subsequently, the performance of the press is increased. The vacuum may be between about 0.2 to about 0.8 ata, preferably about 0.5 ata. This means that the system tolerates a certain amount of external air or inert gas. The strand is exposed to the partial vacuum only in the necessary length. This means that the vacuum device does not have to extend over the entire Abbindelänge the Heizkanals.

12 shows a front view of a heating channel. Instead of the gas tension spring of 11 used in the same advantageous manner in the embodiment, a gas spring 87 , The cold water 88 for condensation is in the embodiment of a ring from the tube 89 spouted.

Claims (7)

Method for producing an extruded profile from a mixture of vegetable small parts, at where: - those plant small parts are pushed into a reactor, - in this Reactor with steam or hot water charged and thereby advised be, at that strand a vacuum in the range of 0.2-0.8 bar is created, - in which the vacuum is applied to that strand in the area of the heating channel, - and the Vacuum generation with the involvement of a capacitor and - under Integration of an auxiliary pump device takes place, wherein - about those Auxiliary pump device gases are sucked out of the train escape. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that through this strands be made with an axial hole. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that that the axial hole is sealed in the area of the vacuum application becomes. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the capacitor is designed as injection capacitor. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to at least one of the claims 1 to 4, with a reactor and a heating channel, wherein the heating channel Including heating angle, sealed by seals against each other are. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that that the weight of the hinged components of the heating channel through Gas or gas springs is fully or predominantly compensated. Device according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized that in the injection condenser, the incoming water by adding of finely atomized Cold water is condensed, the cold water addition is preferably takes place in the area of the lines.