DE10212967A1 - Glasses, in particular watch glasses, with set diamonds, in particular diamonds, or other precious stones, semi-precious stones or synthetic stones, and a method for producing such glasses - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to glasses, in particular watch glasses (10, 20), with diamonds, in particular brilliants, or other gemstones, semi-precious stones, which are framed in the glass (10, 20) and are arranged in the form of a pattern, in particular a pattern designed as a time scale or dial or synthetic stones (18, 28, 38) and methods of making such glasses.

Description

The present invention relates to glasses, in particular Watch glasses, with set diamonds, in particular Brilliants, or other gemstones, semi-precious stones or synthetic stones and manufacturing methods such glasses. Preferably, the Watch glasses according to the invention, the z. B. for installation in a wristwatch or pocket watch, an integrated dial or an integrated time scale with z. B. one, four or twelve stones in the form of diamonds and / or Gemstones and / or synthetic stones, preferably in different sizes and / or colors.

Basically there are two different methods for framing stones in glass:
On the one hand bordering the stone with a gold rim, whereby another suitable material can be used instead of gold. This means that the stone is encased in a material such as gold, and this material is then introduced into the glass together with the stone. A second method is to frame the stone directly into the glass without any surrounding material.

The following difficulties arise when setting stones in glass:
Depending on its composition, glass has different coefficients of expansion. B. approx. 83 × 10 ^-7 as expansion coefficient, drawn glass around 93 × 10 ^-7 , borosilicate glass 34 × 10 ^-7 , quartz glasses have even lower expansion coefficients.

Diamond has an expansion coefficient of approx. 8 × 10 ^-7 at normal temperature. The hotter the diamond, the higher its coefficient of expansion. At 1000 degrees Celsius the coefficient of expansion is approx. 40 × 10 ^-7 .

Not only is the coefficient of expansion at diamond different from glass, but also changing the Expansion coefficients at the different temperatures is not analogous to glass.

To not only glue the stone into the glass, but around To be able to frame it correctly, the glass must be placed on a Temperature to be heated at which it is at least soft is. This temperature is around 750 degrees Celsius. With quartz glass, the temperature is much higher, up to 1300 degrees Celsius.

If the stone is now in the glass at high temperature then glass and diamond (or everyone other stone) when cooling together differently. This creates tension where the two are Touch materials. In the normal case that jumps Glass.

Another problem is that the diamond (pure Carbon) at higher surface temperatures graphitized, or even burned. Same or Similar damage also occurs with other gemstones.

A third problem is that the effect of the diamond, or gemstone is based on the fact that the light passes through Reflection (preferably a total reflection) on the lower Side of the stone is directed back up and thus catches the eye of the beholder again. The sparkle of the stone is based on these reflections of light inside the diamond (gemstone).

The reflection (in particular the total reflection) takes place due to the different optical densities of Gem and air. The refractive index of the stone (at Diamond the highest ever = 2.54) determines the Angle size of the total reflection angle (with diamond 65 °).

The greater the difference in optical density between the two optical media, the greater the total reflection Angle, the better the luminous efficacy of the back reflected light and thus the better the effect of the Gemstones (sparkle, fire, dispersion of light, etc.) In places where the diamond or gemstone directly touch the glass when touched, there is a completely different difference optical density than between diamond and air. The Difference is much less. So the light is not reflected, but led out into the glass. With that loses the stone of fire and brilliance. So it has to be for reasons the optical effect a contact between glass and Diamond should be avoided if possible.

This can cause the problem of burning the gemstone be avoided that a vacuum oven is used in which the glass is connected to the diamond and which one flooded with nitrogen. It is important that none Residual air remains in the oven and deals with the Nitrogen mixed because even a very small amount of Atmospheric oxygen changes the surface of the Diamonds during the melting process of the glass. According to the invention, a vacuum furnace is therefore used as Workplace used to frame the stone in the glass. In front When the furnace is heated, the furnace is first evacuated and then floods it with nitrogen.

But you never get a total vacuum or a total absence of atmospheric oxygen. When evacuating a residual pressure of one thousandth of a bar remains, then the 0.1 percent original air content is sufficient mixed with the nitrogen, already, around the stone still damaging. With normal vacuum pumps you can see the air up to about 1 percent residual air remove, hardly anymore.

So the nitrogen-air mixture becomes after the first Evacuate and flood again and the oven again flooded with nitrogen. In theory you would then have to a residual proportion of air of 1 percent of one percent so have a ten-thousandth of a percent.

But this is only theoretically so, because if one Vacuum pump capable of maintaining 1 percent vacuum then it means that they get so much air aspirates, as through leaks (often through the pump itself) enters the vacuum again. So she holds that Equilibrium at approx. 1 percent pressure (or air). The re-entering air changes that Air-nitrogen mixture to the disadvantage of nitrogen. So if the Oven chamber evacuated several times and again with nitrogen is flooded to a residual amount of air from one To receive a fraction of 1 percent, then this remains low oxygen content not equal during the Vacuum pump runs, but it slowly shifts again one percent back.

Therefore, according to the invention, the entire vacuum furnace is surrounded together with the vacuum pump, during the heating process also with nitrogen or you flood all potential leaks of the vacuum body also with Nitrogen. In this case, the vacuum pump does not suck Fresh air, but nitrogen.

Only achieved with this double nitrogen cycle one according to the invention such a total removal of the Atmospheric oxygen that the diamond (or gemstone) the The heating process survives undamaged.

In the method according to the invention for edging diamonds and other stones, as is described in more detail in particular in connection with FIGS . 3a to 10b, heating is therefore preferably carried out at least in a vacuum oven with a double nitrogen cycle.

When you buy nitrogen there are different purities of nitrogen. The normal purity is too technical Is used for purposes sufficient for the invention Purpose not out; you have to specifically pure nitrogen use.

With a diamond we have three zones have different meanings for the lighting, the upper part, the girdle and the lower part.

The top part has the task of lighting the stone involved. The light through the board becomes relative recessed and through the top facets, which are around the board so bent that it is in ideal angle occurs.

The top part also has the task of reflecting Then let the light out of the stone. there is the light through the board or through the Top part facets so bent that it ultimately comes after Possibility of falling back to where it originally came from. This makes the stone the largest for the viewer Effect.

The lower part of the stone has the task of light which has collapsed through the top, so too reflect that it is back through without any loss of light the top emerges, and moreover in the right one Exit angle emerges.

The girdle (the connection between the upper part and Lower part) usually has only technical meaning and none optical meaning. The girdle is a band around Stone (like a kind of belt), which is perpendicular to the board stands. Would top and bottom without girdle would meet, then a razor-sharp Edge with an acute angle. This would be too Breakouts lead and the stone would always be damaged. That's why a girdle of about 1 to 3 percent of the Total height of the stone with vertical to the board Transitional areas around the stone.

Light that hits the girdle from the inside goes out usually lost for the play of light from the diamond. It comes out or is reflected in such a way that it does not exit through the top at the correct angle. If the diamond on the girdle with the glass then this has no meaning for an optical one Effect of the diamond.

According to the invention, a diamond is preferably inserted into the glass in this way edged that if possible only with the girdle or the immediately adjacent areas of the upper part and Bottom part in the glass sits to the optical qualities of the To get stones. Care should also be taken that the stone is set so that in the "Air area" around the bottom of the stone none Liquids, or skin cream or other Contaminants penetrate. Otherwise he will lose Stein also has its full visual impact. The So stone should be set so that inaccessible Make the bottom part surrounding "air area" are watertight.

There are several diamond (or other) options Gemstones) in glass although both materials have different expansion coefficients. A Possibility is to interpose a material which either elastic or flexible in its extension is so it's the different coefficients bridged. Such a material is e.g. B. fine gold different expansion coefficients if it sits between glass and diamond.

Gold has a coefficient of expansion of 140 × 10 ^-7 , which is larger than that of glass: But because of its softness, it doesn't matter. You can melt gold with glass without the glass cracking.

To work with gold as the setting rim of the diamond there are two possible types of gold. Depending on Design requests you can use yellow gold or fine gold or White gold.

Pure gold is the best material for yellow gold. It most easily connects to the glass. at White gold is an alloy of 85 parts by weight of fine gold and 15 parts by weight of palladium are most suitable.

If you leave the diamond for design reasons without Want to surround the rim of the frame directly in the glass, you can as Use buffer material "solder glass". This is a jar which is the coefficient of expansion between normal glass and all possible materials (e.g. ceramics) can bridge.

Another method to reduce stress cracks in the glass prevent it is to simply remove the diamond from the glass separate. You can do that with a release agent Diamond and glass grow together during the melting process prevent. However, the release agent mostly changes the optical qualities of the diamond, or is itself visible if it is not transparent. You can but possibly again after the melting process remove. As a result, the diamond sits loosely the version. Depending on the design of the object, this may not be the case be annoying. You can also use the diamond after Fix the melting process of the glass again, e.g. B. with a fine silicone adhesive that runs along the girdle and connects the stone to the glass at this point. This is also a great way to prevent that Liquid or creams in the "air area" of the Penetrate diamond setting.

In the following, the invention will be explained more schematically Drawings explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments. It shows:

FIG. 1a is a schematically drawn top view of a first embodiment of a watch glass according to the invention;

FIG. 1b is a schematically drawn cross section along line bb in accordance with the watch glass Fig. 1a;

FIG. 2a is a schematically drawn top view of a second embodiment of a watch glass according to the invention;

FIG. 2b shows a schematically drawn cross section along line bb of Fig. 2a;

3a shows a diagrammatically illustrated section through a glass plate with an inserted Lotglasabschnitt having a stepped bore into which a diamond is inserted in an enlarged scale. before heating;

FIG. 3b shows a section analogous to Figure 3a is through the glass plate and the diamond after heating to a temperature between about 400 and 750 degrees Celsius, adapted to the fusing temperature of the solder glass, the same depending on the composition between 400 and 700 degrees Celsius.

FIG. 4a 3a in which a diamond is introduced at a Goldzarge a section similar to Figure by a glass plate with a stepped bore.

FIG. 4b shows a section analogous to Figure 4a through the glass plate and the diamond after heating to about 750 degrees Celsius.

., Similar to FIG 5a shows a section 4a in which a diamond is introduced Goldzarge by a glass plate with a continuous stepped bore, said stepped bore is covered on top with an additional cover glass plate.

FIG. 5b is a sectional view similar to FIG 5a through the glass plate and the diamond after heating to about 750 degrees Celsius.

FIG. 6a is a sectional view similar to Figure 5a in which a diamond is introduced Goldzarge by a glass plate having a non-continuous stepped bore, wherein the upper opening of the stepped bore is covered with a cover glass plate.

FIG. 6b is a section similar to Figure 6a through the glass plates and the diamond after heating to about 750 degrees Celsius.

Fig. 7a is a section similar to Fig. 6a through a glass plate with a continuous step hole in which a diamond with a gold frame is turned upside down, ie with its upper part inserted downwards, the upper opening of the step hole facing the lower part of the diamond , is covered with a coverslip;

FIG. 7b shows a section analogous to Figure 7a after the heating to about 750 degrees Celsius.

Figure 7c is a section corresponding to the section of Figure 7b after abrasion of the part of the glass panel shown in Fig 7b to protrude downward on the upper part or the table of the diamond and the subsequent turning of the glass plate...;

Figs. 8a, 8b and 8c are sections similar to Figure 7a, 7b and 7c, respectively of a modified embodiment in which the diamond has no Goldzarge, but is provided in the region of its girdle with a release agent.

FIG. 9a is a section similar to Figure 4a in which a diamond is introduced through a glass plate having a non-continuous stepped bore, however, has no Goldzarge, wherein a release agent is provided between the diamond and the wall of the stepped bore.

FIG. 9b is a section analogous to Figure 9a after the heating to about 750 degrees Celsius.

FIG. 10a is a section through a glass plate, similar to Figure 9a, wherein the stepped bore is, however, covered on its upper opening with a cover glass plate which is formed in the region of the stepped bore as a converging lens. and

Fig. 10b shows a section analogous to FIG. 10a after heating at about 750 degrees Celsius.

1 a shows a top view of a first exemplary embodiment of a glass according to the invention, which is designed as a watch glass 10 with an integrated dial or an integrated time scale, which has four stones 18 in the form of diamonds, which are set directly into the watch glass 10 . Instead of the four diamonds 18 , other diamonds and / or gemstones and / or synthetic stones of a uniform size, color and type of stone or in different sizes, colors and types of stone can also be used. One, four or twelve or even more stones are used for a dial or a time scale. As can be seen from FIG. 1b, the stones 18 are set directly into the watch glass 10 . Further 1b is seen from FIG. That the watch glass 10 having an edge 12 and 18 respectively in the region of the lower part of the stones, a recess 15 b than-air area between the stone and diamond.

Fig. 2a shows in plan view a second embodiment of the crystal according to the invention that is similar to Fig. 1a formed, the bricks 28 each have a stone setting in the form of a Goldzarge 27 and are incorporated with this stone setting in the crystal 20th As shown in FIG. 2B, the watch glass 20 below the bricks 28 each have a recess 25 b and is provided with a rim 22.

FIGS. 3a and 3b, an inventive method for directly mounting show a diamond 18 in a glass plate 10 with an inserted Lotglasabschnitt 11 having a stepped bore a comprises 15 with an annular shoulder 16 14 a, wherein the diamond 18 from above into the stepped bore 14 a , 15 a is introduced. The arrangement of glass plate 10 , 11 and diamond 18 are adapted to the melting temperature of the solder glass, which, depending on the composition thereof, is between 400 and 700 degrees Celsius, heated to a temperature between approximately 400 and 750 degrees Celsius. After this heating, a uniform glass plate 10 , 11 is obtained , ie the solder glass section 11 is no longer recognizable and the diamond 18 with its girdle 19 is firmly melted into the glass.

FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate a method for mounting a diamond 28 by means of a Goldzarge 27 in a stepped bore 24 a, 25 a glass plate 20, wherein the stepped bore is formed so that the diamond 28 with its Goldzarge 27 to bear against the annular shoulder 26 comes. After heating the glass plate 20 and diamond 28 to approximately 750 degrees Celsius, a stable bezel of the diamond 28 is obtained , as can be seen in FIG. 4b.

Fig. 5a shows a section through a glass plate 30 b with a continuous stepped bore 34 a, 35 a into which a diamond 38 is inserted with a gold frame 37 , the stepped bore being covered at the top with an additional cover glass plate 3 I. After heating to about 750 degrees Celsius, the glass plates 30 a and 31 are fused into a glass plate 30 b, as can be seen from FIG. 5b.

Fig. 6a shows a section similar to Fig. 5a through a glass plate 30 c with a non-continuous step hole 34 a, 35 c into which a diamond 38 is inserted with a gold frame 37 , the upper opening of the step hole being covered with a cover glass plate 31 . After heating to about 750 degrees Celsius, the glass plates 31 and 30 c are fused to form a glass plate 30 d, as can be seen from FIG. 6 b, and the diamond 38 is melted in a closed cavity 34 b, 35 d.

Fig. 7a shows a section similar to Fig. 6a through a glass plate 30 e with a continuous stepped bore 34 e, 35 e into which a diamond 38 with a gold frame 37 is turned upside down, ie with its upper part inserted downwards, the upper opening the stepped bore 34 e, 35 e, which faces the lower part of the diamond 38, is covered with a cover glass plate 31 . As can be seen from FIG. 7b, a uniform glass plate 30 f is obtained after heating to about 750 degrees Celsius. Then the part of the glass plate 30 f which projects downwards over the line 33 in FIG. 7b is ground off, so that the surface of the glass plate is flush with the surface, ie the table of the diamond 38, and after turning, the glass plate shown in FIG. 7c is obtained 30 g.

Fig. 8a, 8b and 8c respectively show a section similar to Fig. 7a, 7b and 7c, respectively of a modified method in which the diamond 38 has no Goldzarge but is provided in the region of its girdle 39 with a release agent 40, preferably as a paste applied the z. B. can consist of a mixture of finely ground graphite powder and alcohol or fine-grained kaolin and water.

After the paste has dried, it is heated to about 750 degrees Celsius and, as shown in FIG. 8b, a uniform glass plate 30 f is obtained which is ground down to line 33 . The release agent is further removed by washing. However, the diamond is also in the cavity 35 f after removal of the separating agent, albeit loosely, since the diameter of the bore 34 e has been chosen to be somewhat smaller than the outside diameter of the diamond 38 , as can be seen from FIG. 8a.

According to the invention, after the release agent has been removed, the diamond can be fixed again by means of an adhesive 41 , preferably a silicone adhesive which runs along the girdle, the venting area 35 f being simultaneously protected against the ingress of liquids and creams or the like.

Fig. 9a shows a section through a somewhat thicker glass plate for 30 hours with a low but non-through stepped bore 34 h, 35 h, in which a coated in the lower and middle region with a release paste 40 diamond, is preferably accurately inserted from above. After the paste has dried, it is heated to approximately 750 degrees Celsius, the glass tending to enclose the diamond 38 . After cooling and removing the separating agent, the diamond 38 is loosely seated in the cavity 35 i, which represents an air region between the diamond and the glass, and can be fixed by means of an adhesive 41 .

Fig. 10a shows a section through a glass plate 43 with a continuous stepped bore, the lower part 47 has a smaller and the upper part have a larger diameter than the diamond 38 48, wherein the glass in the region of the annular shoulder is coated 49 with a release paste 40 and the diamond 38 is then inserted into the bore 48 from above. The bore 48 is then covered by a glass plate 44 , into which a converging lens is integrated in the area of the bore 48 above the diamond 38 as a convex bulge 45 , which enhances the optical effect of the diamond.

When heated to approximately 750 degrees Celsius, the glass plates 43 and 44 are connected to one another to form a glass plate 43 g, preferably by fusing, which according to the invention takes place in a vacuum oven, preferably with a double nitrogen cycle, in order to avoid air or gas bubbles, as in FIG. 10b shown. After the release agent has been removed, the diamond 38 can be fixed in the cavity 48 g, 47 g using an adhesive 41 .

The present invention is all individually or in combination in the above description attached drawings and / or the following claims disclosed features of the glasses according to the invention and the Process according to the invention for their production.

According to the invention, Plexiglas can also be used instead of glass or other plastic plates or crystal plates be used.

Claims (7)

1. Glass, in particular watch glass, characterized in that in the glass (10, 20) enclosed in the form of a pattern, in particular a as the time scale or dial formed pattern, arranged diamonds, in particular diamonds, or other precious stones, semiprecious stones or synthetic stones (28 , 28 , 38 ). 2. Glass according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as a watch glass ( 10 , 20 ) for installation in a wristwatch or pocket watch with an integrated dial or an integrated time scale, which has one, four or twelve or more stones ( 18 ; 28 ; 38 ) in the form of diamonds, in particular diamonds and / or gemstones and / or synthetic stones, preferably in different sizes, types of stones and / or colors. 3. Glass according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stones ( 18 ) are framed directly in the glass ( 10 ), preferably with the interposition of a solder glass section ( 11 ). 4. Glass according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stones ( 28 , 38 ) with a gold frame ( 27 , 37 ) in the glass ( 20 , 30 a, 30 c, 30 e) are bordered. 5. Glass according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the stones ( 38 ) are fixed by means of an adhesive ( 41 ) in the glass ( 30 g, 30 i, 43 g). 6. A method for producing a glass, in particular watch glass, according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in a glass plate ( 10 ) at the points at which a diamond ( 18 ) is to be gripped, a section ( 11 ) in each case Solder glass is inserted, which is provided with a preferably non-continuous stepped bore ( 14 a, 15 a), into each of which a diamond ( 18 ) is introduced, after which is preferably in a vacuum oven with a double nitrogen circuit to a temperature between about 400 and Heated 750 degrees Celsius. 7. A method for producing a glass, in particular watch glass, according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by one or more of the steps and / or arrangements as described in one and / or more of the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 4a to 10b and / or are shown.