DE102009009076A1 - Drive system for rail vehicle, has heavy part comprising pole structure that is provided along movable direction such that propelling force is produced at pole structure, during rotation of permanent magnets - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a heavy part (2) i.e. rail part, extending in a movable direction. Ferromagnetic supporting disks (1) of a vehicle have permanent magnets (20, 21), whose magnetization direction exhibits axial direction that is opposite to magnets that are proximity in a circumferential direction. The heavy part has a pole structure provided along the movable direction such that the propelling force is produced at the pole structure, during rotation of the magnets. The structure has steel areas or areas made of ferrite-contained material. The disks are driven by synchronous motor. An independent claim is also included for a method for operating a drive system.

Description

The The invention relates to a system and a method for operating a Investment.

It is known, rotors of synchronous motors at its periphery with permanent magnets to equip.

Of the Invention is therefore the object of a system with at least a drive system to further improve, with losses small to be kept.

According to the invention Task in the system according to claim 1 and in the method for operating a system according to the features indicated in claim 15 solved.

Important features of the invention in the system in that it comprises a first and a first relatively movably arranged second part, comprising a first and a first relatively movably arranged second part,
wherein the first part has a sword part extending in the direction of movement, in particular elongated,
wherein the second part comprises at least one rotatably mounted, drivable disc,
wherein the axis of rotation is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement,
wherein the disk has permanent magnets at its circumference, the magnetization direction of which in each case has the opposite axial direction to the permanent magnet which is adjacent in the circumferential direction,
wherein the sword part has such a pole structure along the direction of movement that the propulsion force can be generated when the permanent magnets pass by the pole structure.

From The advantage here is that the propulsive force according to the reluctance principle is generated, wherein poles of the pole structure of the next adjacent permanent magnet be attracted when passing the permanent magnets on the pole structure of the sword part. Thus, the disc is in a simple way with a Electric motor drivable and the drive system has a slip-free Operating mode. This is in contrast to rolling a drive wheel a non-contact Driving executable. Thus, a softer drive is feasible compared to a rolling rubber wheel or the like. An icing of the rail or otherwise change the coefficient of friction of the surface of the rail part leads not to an altered one Movement, as the driving force is generated by means of magnetic fields. As long as no overload the drive system occurs is the occurrence of significant slippage prevents substantial slippage then exists when the slip value of the disc is greater than half the angular distance between nearest adjacent permanent magnets the discs is.

Even if a case of overload occurred at short notice The disc will get an angular offset, but only by one or more distances between the permanent magnets, so after completion of the overload Again, each permanent magnet respective poles of the pole structure one-to-one is associated with the movement along the pole structure.

Further is an important advantage of the invention that by means of the drive system a high propulsive force can be generated by the speed of the disc very high becomes. This is for example to overcome the starting torque useful. For the continuous operation, so the mere further movement of the vehicle and substantially overcoming the sliding friction, is the synchronous operation makes sense, so the much lower and thus more energy-saving speed for the disc. Besides that is in the synchronous operation, a very accurate angle control allows.

at In an advantageous embodiment, the driving force is up to a first speed of the disc substantially generated after the Reluctance motor principle and at a speed that exceeds the first speed, the propulsion force is essentially based on the eddy current principle generated. The advantage here is that for starting and thus overcoming the static friction is a high speed and thus a high after the Eddy current principle generated starting torque can be generated and to overcome the sliding friction, so the mere Moving the vehicle, an energy-saving small speed applicable is.

at an advantageous embodiment, the sword part between the Discs arranged. The advantage here is that two discs can be used us thus a greater propulsive power can be generated.

at an advantageous embodiment, the ferromagnetic regions widened towards the axis of rotation of the disc. It is advantageous that an improved so stronger Reluctance force can be generated. Besides, one is less varied Force curve when moving achievable and the field leadership is improvable.

In an advantageous embodiment, the pole structure in the direction of movement evenly spaced ferromagnetic regions, in particular steel areas or areas of ferrite-containing material. It is advantageous that the production is very simple and inexpensive.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the permanent magnets in the circumferential direction a distance to their nearest neighbor Permanent magnet, which is the distance of poles of the pole structure substantially resembles, in particular exactly equals. The advantage here is that allows driving without slippage is.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the sword part comprises electrical conductive Material, in particular non-magnetic, non-ferrimagnetic, non-antiferromagnetic, non-antiferrimagnetic and / or non-ferromagnetic material, in particular copper, precious metal or aluminum, and the ferromagnetic regions are in depressions, Recesses or recesses of the sword part arranged. From The advantage here is that eddy currents can be generated in the electrically conductive regions are and thus driving on the eddy current principle is possible and on the other hand, the embedded ferromagnetic regions Driving according to the reluctance principle allow, along the Movement direction between the ferromagnetic areas the conductive not magnetic areas are arranged.

at According to an advantageous embodiment, the sword part is subarea a rail system or a rail, wherein the rail system or the rail also management areas for roles of the formed as a vehicle second part, in particular wherein the rail system or the rail is integrally formed. Advantageous is there on the rail system on the one hand, the supports and To lead of the vehicle executable is and on the other hand driving by the sword part as Reactive part is provided on the rail system.

at an advantageous embodiment, each permanent magnet of two or more individual permanent magnets executed perpendicular to the surface of the respective section on top of each other are arranged. The advantage here is that a cost-effective and little elaborate reinforcement the magnetic field is reached.

at an advantageous embodiment, each permanent magnet of two or more individual permanent magnets running in the circumferential direction next to each other are arranged. The advantage here is that also a cost-effective and little elaborate reinforcement the magnetic field is reached.

at an advantageous embodiment, the sword part is as a punched Made of sheet steel. The advantage here is that a cost-effective production executable is.

at an advantageous embodiment, the disc of an electric motor, in particular synchronous motor, driven. It is advantageous that an easy to regulate drive can be used.

at an advantageous embodiment, the driving force by means Reluctance force generated, especially when passing through the discs along the sword part, especially the discs with their permanent magnets, wherein a respective permanent magnet to the next adjacent pole of the pole structure on most attracts. The advantage here is that the driving force in very low cost Way is generated.

at an advantageous embodiment is in each case on a with the respective disk rotatably connected part of a support roller provided stored, in particular mounted by means of ball bearings, wherein the supporting role unrolled on the rail system or on the rail and / or can be guided. The advantage here is that a support on the rail system is executable and the support roller can be stored on the axis of rotation of the disc, thus the bearing a smaller difference in the rotational speeds on the inner ring and outer ring of the warehouse is suspended.

at an advantageous embodiment is on the rail system or on the rail of the rolling area or guide area for the support roller and / or on the support roller the outer surface is so concave, in particular on both sides facing the respective disks of the rail system that when deflecting the vehicle from his Target orientation restoring forces to Stabilization of the target orientation are effective. Is an advantage thereby, that a self-centering is made possible in a simple manner.

at an advantageous embodiment are means for detecting the Motor current of the electric motor with such control electronics connected that a value for Driving force from the detected current values can be determined. From The advantage here is that the propulsive force is similar to the torque of the engine is detectable, so with a simple structure in simple Wise.

at an advantageous embodiment act means for detecting the Position in the direction of movement together with the pole structure, in particular where a cooperating with the pole structure photoelectric barrier provided is to capture the position. The advantage here is that the Polstruktur not only for the generation of propulsive force but also for position determination is usable.

• – in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt auf eine erste Drehzahl hin geregelt wird, bei der die Scheibe synchron zur Polstruktur bewegt wird, insbesondere also ein schlupffreies Bewegen der Scheibe ausführbar ist, insbesondere im Wesentlichen einer Abrollbewegung einer gleich großen Scheibe am Schienensystem entlang entsprechend, und
• – in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt auf eine höhere Drehzahl hin geregelt wird als die erste Drehzahl, insbesondere beim Anfahren,

Important features of the method for Operating a facility are that

• - Is controlled in a second process step to a first speed out, in which the disc is moved synchronously to the pole structure, ie in particular a slip-free movement of the disc is executable, in particular substantially a rolling movement of a same sized slice along the rail system along, and
• Is regulated in a first process step to a higher speed out than the first speed, in particular when starting,

especially so that the driving force up to the first speed of the disc in the Essentially, it is generated according to the reluctance motor principle and in a Speed exceeding the first speed, the driving force is produced essentially according to the eddy current principle.

From The advantage here is that when starting a high driving force produced is and only by overcoming the sliding friction an energy-saving operation after a completely different underlying motor principle is possible, namely the Reluktanzmotorprinzip.

Further Advantages emerge from the subclaims.

1

ferromagnetic carrier disc

2

Sword part, especially rail part, with teeth

20

Permanent magnets, outward directed north poles

21

Permanent magnets, outward directed south poles

40

ferromagnetic areas

41

electrical good conductive areas

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to figures:
In the 1 is a drive system of a device according to the invention schematically sketched in side view, wherein a vehicle is a rotatably mounted disc 1 includes and along a sword part 2 a rail is movable, which also has not shown rail parts for guiding support rollers, with which the vehicle is movable along the rail.

In 2 an associated oblique view is shown.

In 3 a further embodiment is shown, which comprises a further disc, which is arranged parallel to the first disc, wherein the heavy part 2 is provided between the discs.

According to the embodiment of the invention 1 and 2 is the disc 1 of a not shown electric motor displaceable in rotational movement. The disc consists of ferromagnetic carrier material to which permanent magnets are connected. The axis of rotation is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement of the vehicle, so that along the circumference of the disc arranged permanent magnets on the sword part are vorbedrehbar.

On the outer periphery of the discs are permanent magnets 20 with outward north pole or permanent magnets 21 provided with outward south pole.

The Magnetization direction in the circumferential direction directly adjacent permanent magnets is oriented opposite. On an outward-facing South Pole follows in the circumferential direction so an outward north pole.

The sword part 2 has a comb-like structure composed of individual teeth. Each tooth has a widened tooth head on its end region directed toward the vehicle.

The distance between the individual teeth of the comb-like structure of the sword part 2 in the direction of movement substantially corresponds to the distance between the permanent magnets in the circumferential direction.

If the speed of the disc is essentially the speed of an imaginary, same size, am Sword part without slip rolling wheel equals is a generation propulsive force in the direction of movement due to the reluctance principle allows because between the tooth head and permanent magnet causes an attractive effect becomes. In this way the vehicle synchronizes itself to the sequence the teeth provided along the direction of movement. So it's essentially one Slip-free movement of the disc allows without touching Unroll on the rail.

The Drive system is for a rail vehicle having a vehicle linkage, the by means of rollers, in particular supporting rollers, on the rail, comprising sword part and others not shown Rail parts, positionable and movable along this rail is arranged. On the rail vehicle even two drive systems, namely a front and back, attachable.

The Storage of the disc, especially as a ball bearing, is also on the provided in the figure, not shown vehicle linkage.

By means of the other at the vehicle linkage mounted rollers, such as support rollers and / or guide wheels, then the vehicle on the other rail parts is relatively movable in the direction of movement, ie along the sword part 2 ,

The axis of rotation of the disc 2 is oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement. The sword part is made elongated along the direction of movement and is preferably manufactured as a continuous casting. At the sword part 2 are also the other rail parts made in one piece or multi-piece design, which serve to guide the rollers and together with the sword part form the rail or the rail system. Preferably, the sword part 2 Made of ferromagnetic material, such as steel or sheet steel.

The Rail also includes management areas for roles and the rail parts to guide the Supporting roles. There is every supporting role provided on the disc driving the rotor shaft stored.

In the figures are the permanent magnets 20 with the northern part directed towards the heavy part and the permanent magnets 21 shown with the southern part directed towards the heavy part.

Preferably, the vehicle has a control unit which controls the engine of a front and an analogously designed rear drive system, wherein the drive system in each case the in 1 illustrated embodiment corresponds.

The Sword part is in a further embodiment of the invention as a sheet steel package executed taking the teeth each punched out. The teeth are thus arranged in a plane whose normal direction is parallel is arranged to the axis of rotation.

According to the embodiment 3 are two slices 1 provided on the rotation axis and are driven by the motor. On both discs are again permanent magnets 20 and 21 provided, which are spaced apart by means of the comb-shaped structure of the sword part, ie by means of teeth. There is every permanent magnet 20 the first disc 1 a permanent magnet 21 the second disc 1 directly opposite and each permanent magnet 21 the first disc 1 a permanent magnet 20 the second disc 1 ,

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the engine and the disc are 1 arranged stationary and the movable plant part then includes the sword part 2 including rail parts.

In 4 is the sword part 2 shown for an inventive embodiment. Here, the sword part of a highly electrically conductive material, such as copper, precious metal or aluminum. But it is also the already mentioned steel sheet, a sheet steel package or an integrally executed steel body used. At the sword part are along the direction of movement as a pole structure ferromagnetic areas 40 provided, which are spaced from each other and thus with electrically good conductive areas 41 alternate. Thus, it is not necessary teeth on the sword part 2 but the pole structure is created by means of differences in material properties.

The ferromagnetic areas 40 are either glued on the sword part 2 or embedded in a respective recess of the sword part 2 ,

The distance between the next adjacent areas 41 again corresponds to the distance of the permanent magnets in the circumferential direction of the disc 1 ,

In 4 are the ferromagnetic areas 40 shown in cuboid.

In further embodiments of the invention is instead of the cuboid execution chose a different shape. Preferably, the ferromagnetic regions become the axis of rotation widened out of the disc.

On this way, on the one hand, a synchronous mode of operation is possible, in which the speed of the disc is substantially the speed of a according to the same size Corresponds to a slip-free rolling motion on the disc Rail or on the sword part performs.

on the other hand is also an asynchronous mode of operation, which allows a very much higher speed is predictable. In this case, then such strong eddy currents in the sword part generates a resulting driving force, ie after The eddy current principle is generated, which depends on the speed is higher as in the synchronous operation according to the reluctance principle producible driving force.

Preferably So the sword part is made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy produced as a continuous casting and there are ferromagnetic steel parts or ferrite-containing material as a pole structure in depressions or Recesses embedded or glued.

A deteriorated, but still according to the invention functional design can be produced by using as a sword part steel part, ins special uses a stamped sheet steel part, which receives in the recesses or recesses, the ferromagnetic areas or the ferrite-containing material.

Instead of the steel sheet part is always a steel sheet package, in particular a stanzpaketiertes, usable, the stacking direction perpendicular to the direction of movement and parallel or perpendicular to the rotation axis direction is aligned.

Claims (15)

Installation, comprising a first and a first relatively movable arranged, the second part, wherein the first part in the direction of movement extending, in particular elongated executed sword part, characterized in that the second part comprises at least one rotatably mounted, drivable disc, wherein the The axis of rotation is aligned perpendicular to the direction of movement, wherein the disc has permanent magnets on its circumference, the magnetization direction in each case opposite axial direction opposite to the adjacent permanent magnet, wherein the sword part along the direction of movement has such a pole structure that when passing the permanent magnets on the pole structure the Driving force can be generated. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the propulsive force up to a first Speed of the disc is generated substantially according to the reluctance motor principle and at a speed exceeding the first speed, the driving force is produced essentially according to the eddy current principle. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the sword part between the discs is arranged. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the pole structure in the direction of movement evenly spaced having spaced ferromagnetic regions, in particular steel regions or areas of ferrite-containing material. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the ferromagnetic regions for Rotary axis of the disc out widened are executed. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, thereby marked that the sword part electrically conductive material includes, in particular non-magnetic, non-ferrimagnetic, non-antiferromagnetic, non-antiferrimagnetic and / or non-ferromagnetic material, in particular copper, precious metal or Aluminum, and / or that ferromagnetic areas in Wells, recesses or recesses of the sword part arranged are. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the permanent magnets in the circumferential direction a distance to their nearest neighbor Permanent magnet, the distance of poles of the pole structure essentially resembles, in particular exactly equals. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the sword part portion of a rail system or a rail, the rail system or the rail also management areas for roles of the formed as a vehicle second part, in particular wherein the rail system or the rail is integrally formed. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, thereby marked that Each permanent magnet consists of two or more individual permanent magnets accomplished is perpendicular to the surface of each section arranged one above the other are and / or that each permanent magnet of two or more executed individual permanent magnets is that in the section arranged circumferentially next to each other are. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, thereby marked that the sword part as a stamped steel sheet is made and / or that the disc of an electric motor, in particular synchronous motor is driven. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that the driving force by means of reluctance force and / or by means of eddy currents can be generated, in particular when passing the discs on the sword part along, in particular the discs with their permanent magnets, wherein a respective permanent magnet the next adjacent pole or tooth the pole structure most attracts. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that in each case on one with the respective Disc rotatably connected part provided a support roller stored is stored, in particular by means of ball bearings, wherein the support roller unrolled on the rail system or on the rail and / or can be guided. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, characterized in that on the rail system or on the rail the rolling area or guiding area for the Support roller and / or on the support roller the outer surface is so concave is, in particular on both facing the respective discs Side of the rail system that when deflecting the vehicle from his Target orientation restoring forces to Stabilization of the target orientation are effective. Plant according to at least one of the preceding Claims, thereby marked that Means for detecting the motor current of the Electric motor are connected to such control electronics, that a value for Driving force from the detected current values, in particular from the From this specific active current, can be determined and / or that medium for detecting the position in the direction of movement interact with the pole structure, in particular one cooperating with the pole structure Photocell is provided for detecting the position. Method for operating a system after a of the preceding claims, thereby marked that - in a second process step regulated to a first speed down in which the disk is moved synchronously with the pole structure, So in particular a slip-free movement of the disc is executable in particular essentially a rolling movement of a disk of the same size according to the rail system, - in a first step to a higher speed is regulated as the first speed, especially when starting, especially so that the driving force up to the first speed of the disc in the Essentially, it is generated according to the reluctance motor principle and in a speed exceeding the first speed, the driving force is produced essentially according to the eddy current principle.