DE102009008967A1 - Composite system for plastic laminate for tarpaulin of e.g. lorry trailer, has ambience measuring device integrated into composite system for switching-on and switching-off heater by switch box - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has a carbon or carbon nanotube (CNT) structure providing heat for tempering or partial melting or melting of fluid or other solutions in device states. A device connector (5) comprises a current source, voltage source or power source (8) or an external power socket (10) for a supply network to provide electrical supply to a plastic laminate. An ambience measuring device (14) i.e. temperature regulator, is integrated into the system for switching-on or switching-off a heater using a switch box (13). The laminate comprises a lower side and an upper side, which are made of PVC.

Description

The invention relates to a plastic laminate with integrated heating function, in particular a temperature-controlled tarpaulin for applications in which a volume enclosed in the tarpaulin or a half-full space adjacent to the tarpaulin is heated, ie must be maintained at a temperature required by the function or fluid-like, for example, resting Masses of any state of matter, such as water H ₂ O, must be thawed or sublimated (melted) must be.

A such task exists, for example, when a roof tarp for a truck semi-trailer is burdened with snow or ice and these masses are removed without physical force should. The solution is according to the invention by a plane set by partial conductivity, continuous electric current given during time required in this application in the minute range as Heating works. Due to the heating power, the ice-shaped or frozen snow-like mass or otherwise a solid-like one Condition of water or other fluid melted so that a boundary layer of liquid water or of the fluid arises, so that the solid substance floating on it by somehow brought forward tilt of the trailer roof can slide down, to increase traffic safety of motor vehicles.

The patent DE 10 2005 001 927 A1 describes a safety net for restraining and securing loose ice and snow on truck, trailer superstructures and other vehicles by preventing braided snow and loose ice sheets from falling down on a mesh grid or metal grid on the roof. The attachment of such a network to the semi-trailer, which is now produced in this respect very critical lightweight construction is very complex, but it must satisfy the static of the trailer, the driving dynamics must withstand and must not be a risk as a lost cargo. Also, such a network does not solve the causative problem that the driver according to StVo. fulfills its duty not to endanger other road users.

Also smallest ice or snow particles that detach from the net can hinder other road users with what a Verwarngeld is to be counted.

An alternative would be to bring the horizontal roof back into an inclined position according to the Hamburg roof, if snow or ice is to be expected - during the transitional months and in winter. The roof tarpaulin is then erected by means of a device during the service life of the motor vehicle. Such a solution is described in the patent DE 197 12 648 C2 described. The device is intended to remove water, snow and ice from the roof area of a truck by covering the roof area with an auxiliary tarpaulin fixedly connected to the roof tarpaulin and forming an upwardly bulging closed space, such that a sparger for filling the gap with a gaseous Medium for training the desired roof geometry according to the invention leads. However, this solution has the disadvantage that the hermetic completion of all edges must be demanded. In addition to the tightness problem, it also requires forces when lashing the additional tarpaulin, which currently can not be applied in the ultralight structures. The additional tarpaulin therefore engages sensitively in the force curve of a grille construction. Due to the current requirements for bending fatigue strength and dynamic rigidity, a semi-trailer must be regarded as the overall load combination of flatbed, light metal structure and tarpaulin including bracing. Due to the flexibility of modern superstructures, which allow the semi-trailer to be twisted within the limits of its elastic limits, it is not possible to reliably seal the additional tarpaulin with the roof tarpaulin. It is also doubtful that the energetic effort to provide the gaseous medium with the necessary force to keep the additional tarpaulin under water and snowfall erect so that ice formation can be counteracted over a long time - life - and on the Lifetime of the tarpaulin - Fatigue of plastics under steady, constant load - can be reliably maintained. This disadvantage seems a solution in the patent EP 1 523 421 B1 as well as the previous application DE 202 20 432 U1 "Device to increase the safety of Planned vehicles" eliminate. In these documents, a tarpaulin is such a sideways chamfered by a centrally arranged on the crossbeams inflatable inflatable body or motorized spreaders so that the original tarpaulin of the vehicle loading area or trailer or Aufsattlers along the ridge area form a kind Hamburger roof. Basically, this invention, known as Roof Safety Air Bag, RSAB solves the causative problem insufficient because it contains an additional module - air bag - which causes an unreasonable time delay in the assembly of the trailer and thus not manufacturing and assembly technically tactful is. In addition, the leakage of trapped medium in the air bag is a reliable, the service life of the trailer geometry required under ice and snow load not guaranteed. In addition, the edscha construction of modern semitrailers on the RSAB provides a high bending fatigue strength, whereby the fabric under high pressure - over 3 bar - heavily loaded and resulting in a relatively rapid fatigue of the airbag results, which can represent an additional safety hazard.

The object of the invention is to temper a volume enclosed in the tarpaulin or a half to full space adjacent to the tarpaulin, ie to keep it at a temperature required for the respective function. At the same time, the tarpaulin can take on the task, for example, lying fluid-like masses arbitrary state of aggregation, for example, water H ₂ O, dilute or sublimate (melt) and thus removing without further use of physical strength of, for example, snow and ice, for example, the prevention of fluid-like deposits to effect by tempering or heating the roof tarpaulin. At the same time, the properties of the roof tarpaulin are not or only insignificantly influenced. Depending on the percentage by weight of conductive additives such as nanoparticles such as preferably carbon flakes or carbon nanotubes, even stiffness-increasing properties can be achieved, which also meet the requirements of some tasks Translumineszenz requirements - sufficient light transmission - meet. The inventive solution continues to pay attention to an energy-efficient electrical energization, so that the heatable plastic laminate can be operated with all known energy storage and electrical supplies. The water, snow or ice infestation in the above-mentioned task should be carried out by melting or tempering a peripheral zone such that only the required electrical energy from the unit of the tractor or by an external electrical energy source such as a power outlet, based, the Melting enthalpy corresponds to an approximately sub-millimeter thick ice or snow plow. The molten water allows the ice or snow mass remaining to (swim) up and can easily be removed due to an externally or additionally to be generated inclined position of the trailer, for example by tilting the trailer or tilting the Hubdaches. The driver of the truck does not have to make any further mechanical interventions on the roof, be it via a crossbeam or a movable bridge. The heating of the roof tarpaulin according to the invention via electrically conductive nanoparticles, which are incorporated in the otherwise electrically insulated cover and electrically contacted. These include preferably carbon-based particles or flakes, which can be incorporated very well into the plastic-containing base and outer layers of standard tarpaulins.

The The temperature-controlled tarpaulin described above has several advantages on. On the one hand, it is made on-site from the standard tarpaulin and does not give too much to passive planning Weight and volume increase and contain to the generation the heat output only electrically conductive nanoparticles, which realize the heating current. The choice of heating resistor leaves from the properties of the nanoparticles themselves and the volume fraction in% by weight to the surrounding plastic-like tarpaulin derive and adjust and thus can satisfy the transluminescence. The visible difference to standard passive tarpaulins is the extra Plug for the electrical contact of the "heating" with the energy supplier - any aggregate or power grid. On the other hand, the dynamic and quasistatic properties can be defined use the passive plane without further negative influence. Out This reason is the plastic laminate according to the invention with integrated heating to use very well in Edscha roofs, without additional hazard potential and without energy losses, since the heater only in case of need and there only in minutes must be made available. According to one Particularly preferred embodiment can be due to the passive Properties of nanoparticles even more benefits for derive the passive plan, which should also apply on a heating property during the life of the tarpaulin need not be resorted to. nanoparticles made of carbon due to their very good mechanical properties an increased tear load of the passive tarpaulin to. This property is for example in scratch-resistant paints already applied.

According to one preferred refinement of the invention is provided that the application frame all types of flat or curved Includes in the leisure sector, preferably in Awnings, roofing, covers and guards of all Kind, devoted or in the military field especially in tent structures preferably for infantry or protected Storage of perishable goods, as they are preferable in agriculture. Also in the boat and pool sector are Temperature-controlled plastic laminates conceivable as well as in textile construction or architecture preferably in large-scale construction, taut roof, Frame and airborne constructions.

A very important task can be implemented by a preferred further development of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin in tank construction. If fluid-like media, preferably drinking water, have to be stored for a long time and reliably ensured over a longer period of time, it is found in climates with very high temperature differences or in climatic zones with very low daytime temperatures that falls below the freezing temperature (below 0 ° C) the drinking water is no longer flowable. The task for the Tank construction is now to keep the drinking water flowing for a long time. Due to the very high temperature differences, insulation is eliminated by increased wall thicknesses of the majority plastic-like container, since the plastic is an insulator per se, however, setting a temperature exchange between ambient and container temperature among the large temperature differences via diffusion processes in a tough, viscous to solid Physical state of the drinking water results. The temperature-controllable plastic laminate can be used to produce containers which allow a temperature control of the container via the current to be fed in so that the flowability of the drinking water is maintained even via the majority of metallic valves. The energy expenditure can be generated for example by means of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.), so that such a drinking water tank increasingly contributes to developing countries or Third World countries to improve the drinking water supply. Drinking water treatment with regard to legionella prophylaxis can also be improved globally by the temperature control of plastic tarpaulin containers according to the invention.

following the invention is based on preferred exemplary embodiments in Connection with the figure representations explained in more detail, which detail:

1 Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application Truck tarpaulin and its components.

2 Tempered truck roof tarpaulin in top view.

3 Tissue matrix without adhesion promoter, additives and further layers.

4.a. Tempered tarpaulin in cross section without nanoparticles.

4.b. Tempered plane in cross-section with one-sided addition of nanoparticles.

4.c Tempered plane in cross-section with one-sided addition of nanoparticles.

5.a. Tempered truck roof tarpaulin in cross section with crossbeam in the application Truck roof tarpaulin with ice and snowfall without energization.

5.b. Tempered truck roof tarpaulin in cross section with crossbeam in use Truck roof tarpaulin with ice and snowfall during energization.

6.a. Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application large tent.

6.b. Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application roofing.

6.c. Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application heatable shelter.

7 Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application Tarpaulins for all kinds of goods, preferably in agriculture.

8th Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application tank construction.

The 1 illustrates the overall structure of a tempered tarpaulin ( 1 ) on a support structure ( 6 ) in lightweight construction, as is a modern semi-trailer or Aufsattler, with plug contact ( 5 ) to an adapter box ( 7 ) for electrical contact with the energy source ( 8th ). The energy source ( 8th ) can from the tractor ( 9 ) belonging to the alternator ( 8a ) or an internal, possibly additional battery ( 8b ) or other generator ( 8c ). The power source provides the power and power required by the heating power supplied by the central processing unit (CPU) (CPU). 12 ) is controlled. This CPU receives the "heat up" command manually by the vehicle operator or user or automatically by an environmental measuring unit ( 14 ). The CPU determines the required heat output controlled by characteristic curves or regulated by other sensors, and outputs via a switch box ( 13 ) the corresponding current value via a rectifier ( 11 ) to the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ). The energy source can come from the functional system trucks, but it can also be supplied externally. This external supply can be provided by a country-specific and region-specific, on-site electrical network via an appropriately designed voltage or power socket ( 10 ) to the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) via the rectifier ( 14 ) and the computer unit ( 12 ) respectively. The 1 further shows that the temperature-controllable tarpaulin has a translucency such that the ratio of incident light energy (λ_e) and transmitted light energy (λ_t) is sufficient for loading and unloading operations for the semitrailer and haulage task. Further applications of the tarpaulin according to the invention also require a sufficient light transmission, as used in the application as a large tent ( 6.a. ) or in the application as a roofing ( 6.b. ) or in the application as a heated shelter ( 6.c. ), for example, on weekly, annual or Christmas markets required. The respective application requires an illuminance of 100 lx (corridor lighting during loading and unloading) up to 1000 lx (studio lighting) for applications according to figures 6.b. and 6.c. , Depending on the existing light source, a transmission of at least 10% of the natural light source ( 15 ) or the artificial light source ( 16 ) in the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) by the degree of filling with the nanoparticles ( 4 ) can be set without significant performance losses in the heating power.

The 2 shows in a plan view of the roof tarpaulin of the support structure ( 6 ) in current dimensions, consisting of the top layer or top layer ( 3b ) of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) and the nanoparticles ( 4 ), which will be darkened in the case of (partly) transparent or white coloring of the roof tarpaulin. Not shown is the electrical contact ( 20 ). The degree of filling sets the transluminescence as described in the description 1 is documented.

The 3 shows the tissue matrix as it already exists for commercially available tarpaulins. The 3 documented that the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) is based on existing technologies according to the invention and requires no new manufacturing processes or technologies. The heating power comes from nanoparticles, which can be regarded as conductive additives to the existing additives. The innovation in the temperature-controllable tarpaulin consists in the contacting of these additives and is thus characterizing feature over passive, ie not heatable tarpaulins. The tissue matrix according to 3 draws a weave structure from natural or artificial fibers or plastics ( 2 ) whose web structure is preferably, but not binding, oriented in orthogonal storage and web position. The fibers are further distinguished by the fact that they act electrically insulating or are formed as semiconductors. This is indicated by the specific electrical conductivity in the range of 100 ppm S / m (at 22 ° C).

The 4 illustrate the layer structure in detail as a cross section. In 4.a. is a passive tarp consisting of tissue matrix ( 2 ) and the top ( 3b ) and underside ( 3a ). As a rule, the tissue matrix consists of artificial fibers made of the material PES. Adhesion promoters, a plastic cover layer, preferably of the material PVC and, depending on the application, a lacquer layer as a boundary layer then follow in two directions. The top layer may be mixed with plasticizers, color pigments and other other performance-forming or -steigernden additives. Processing methods are, for example, the dry-blend method. The figures 4.b. and 4.c show in cross section the structure of a temperature-controllable tarp according to the invention with one-sided addition of heat-generating nanoparticles ( 4 ) in 4.b. and two-sided addition of the heating power-forming nanoparticles ( 4 ). The nanoparticles are part of the PVC powder used in the preferred dry-blend processing process with additives and plasticizers. They meet the requirements that during the production of a dry-blend, the temperature remains below the softening temperature of the PVC powder. The mixture remains as a result and as usual free-flowing. The required contacting of the nanoparticles ( 20 ) is then carried out in the assembly of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) in the respective application geometry. The nanoparticles themselves form chains or braids, so that they represent a resistance path comparable to a conventional heating wire. The non-closed area fulfills the requirement of transluminescence.

The figures 5.a. and 5.b. show the application for melting media ( 18 ), such as ice and frozen snow. In the figures, the tarpaulin lies on a support structure, shown as a crossbeam ( 17 ) of a carrier structure ( 6 ). The temperature-controlled tarpaulin is shown in section with tissue matrix ( 2 ), Top and bottom ( 3b ) and ( 3a ) and the nanoparticles ( 4 ) and the electrical contacting of the nanoparticles ( 20 ). When the heat output reaches the enthalpy of fusion of the medium ( 5.b. ) melts in the marginal zone between tarpaulin and medium and carries the still solid mass of the medium. An aqueous carrier film is formed ( 19 ). Through the carrier film, the adhesive condition between mass ( 18 ) and plastic tarpaulins ( 1 ) interrupted and it sets a kind of sliding condition. If now the entire support structure ( 6 ) in a corresponding inclination, which satisfies the requirement of an analog inclined plane according to the mechanical force conditions (normal force, coefficient of friction, frictional force), the still solid mass ( 18 ) as well as the melted mass ( 19 ) targeted by the tarpaulin and defined by the locality of the tarpaulin. When used as a container, a heating power takes place in such a way that a viscous state of the medium is not achieved. It is always aimed at ensuring that a liquid boundary layer or the state of matter remains liquid and remains constant.

The 6 describe further applications of the plastic tarpaulins according to the invention ( 1 ) with the essential marking feature "plug" ( 5 ) and the property of transluminescence, represented by the two symbols of the incident light energy (λ_e) and the transmitted light energy (λ_t), used as a large tent ( 6.a. ) or in the application as a roofing ( 6.b. ) or in the application as a heated shelter ( 6.c. ) For example, on weekly, annual or Christmas markets.

The 7 describes the use case the plastic tarpaulin ( 1 ) with the marking feature "plug" ( 5 ) as protection and cover for perishable goods or objects in need of protection such as boats or swimming pools ( 25 ), which can be damaged by a load of snow and ice without additional use of physical strength due to the loads that can already reach into the area of the barrel. A Abschmelzfunktion by the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) in the regulated version by means of a control unit ( 12 ) and environmental measuring unit ( 14 ) with a switch box ( 13 ) prevents this reliably.

The 8th describes the application of the inventive plan ( 1 ) in tank construction with the function of containing medium ( 22 ) despite adjacent temperature difference between medium ( 22 ) and to keep the environment fluid. This property is achieved by targeted temperature control of the medium ( 22 ) through the heated container ( 21 ) in the form of integrated nanoparticles ( 4 ) is reached as heating, which via the plug ( 5 ) with an external energy source ( 8th ) or ( 10 ) is supplied. The measuring point is preferably the valve or the fitting ( 23 ), since here usually a condensation or a cooling of the medium ( 22 ) in the line ( 24 ), which determines the fluidity of the medium ( 22 ) very much impaired.

1

Plastic laminate with integrated heating function or temperature-controlled tarpaulin

2

tissue matrix made of plastic fibers, natural fibers, or other weavable, electrically insulating or partially conductive carrier material in any effective position, preferably 90 degree storage

3a

plastic-like Bottom of a tarpaulin

3b

plastic-like Top of a tarpaulin

4

nanoparticles in filamentary or reticulate attachment and a forming electrical resistance

5

standardized Appliance plug or standardized electrical plug-in contact in the execution Male or Female, according to DIN according to the intended use

6

Support structure, preferably in lightweight construction

7

Adapter box of a carrier structure as interface between tractor ( 9 ) and support structure ( 6 )

8th

electrical Power or power supply, power source, aggregate

8a

alternator

8b

battery of all sorts and task specific features

8c

electrical (Onboard) generator of all types and features

9

tractor of all types and construction

10

on-site Power supply, preferably a power supply via Voltage network, for example 230 VAC / 50-60 Hz

11

Rectifier as an electrical adapter for respective vehicle or on-site existing, country and region-specific power supply for the preferred power of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) with DC voltage and DC power of any power

12

headquarters Computer unit (CPU) in the vehicle or in the building or as separate, independent unit for controlling and regulating task-specific heating currents

13

Switch Box or switching stage for (heating) power control or regulation

14

(Environmental) measuring unit for temperature, humidity and pressure

15

natural Light source, such as daylight of at least 0.25 Lx (full moon night)

16

artificial Light source of at least 1000 Lx (100 × street lighting)

17

crossbeam a carrier structure in section (truck semi-trailer)

18

Dimensions or fluid in the state of matter solid or viscous, for example, ice or snow

19

molten medium in the state of matter liquid as carrier of the mass ( 18 )

20

electrical contacts in cross-section for the heat-generating nanoparticles ( 4 )

21

tempered tarpaulin ( 1 ) in the application container

22

Dimensions or fluid in the state of matter liquid or flowable (substance-specific viscosity)

23

fitting or valve, preferably of metallic, non-rusting materials

24

management

25

to protective medium of any state of matter except liquid, for example agricultural commodity or commodity

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005001927 A1 [0003]
• - DE 19712648 C2 [0005]
• - EP 1523421 B1 [0005]
• - DE 20220432 U1 [0005]

Claims (13)

Composite system for a plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) comprising 1.1. in that an electrically insulating or slightly electrically conductive matrix structure of artificial or natural fibers ( 2 ) every storage orientation assumes the essential mechanical, load-bearing tasks; 1.2. that a bottom made of plastic is coated; 1.3. that a plastic top is coated; 1.4. in that an electrically conductive, based on nanoparticles, preferably C or CNT structure ( 4 ) in or around the matrix ( 2 ) is applied or integrated in any volume percent; 1.5. that a C or CNT structure ( 4 ) as an alternative to claim 1.4. integrated in one or both sides of plastics as an additive in any volume percent; 1.6. that the C or CNT structure ( 4 ) a rigidity increase of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) causes; characterized in that 1.7. that the C or CNT structure ( 4 ) allow a heating power for temperature control or to, for example, melting of fluids or other solutions in different states of aggregation; 1.8. that an electrical supply of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) via a device plug ( 5 ) with a system-inherent current or voltage source or other source of energy ( 8th ) or with an external power outlet ( 10 ) for an on-site supply network; 1.9. that an environmental measuring device ( 14 ) preferably the temperature control optionally via a switch box ( 13 ) is integrated to turn on and off the heater; 1.10. that the overall network retains the flexibility of a passive tarpaulin. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the weave-like or layered matrix structure ( 2 ) preferably of the material PES having a specific electrical conductivity in the range of less than or equal to 100 S / m (at 22 ° C), preferably in orthogonal storage, and the base ( 3a ) and deck structures ( 3b ) in addition to adhesion promoters and other additives are preferably made of the material PVC, wherein such a layered structure can also be designed in several layers. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that a paint forms the protection of the tarpaulins on one or both sides. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred manufacturing method is the dry-blend method. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportion of the preferred C or CNT structure in volume percent and storage is chosen such that a sufficient for the function of transluminescence, preferably at least 10%, is set. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the volume melted from the solid has a thickness in the sub-mm thickness range to sub-dm range, wherein the required electrical power for generating the task and function corresponding enthalpy of fusion up to 50,000 W / sqm can be. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the solid constituents of the medium ( 18 ) on the molten layer ( 19 ) and can be slid defined defined by appropriate on-site or system side, possibly motor or mechanically adjustable, inclined position or layers. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the cover structure ( 3b ) cohesively with the preferred C or CNT structure ( 4 ) and / or at least indirectly in interaction with the cover structure ( 3b ) occurs. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the preferred nanostructure ( 4 ) is electrically connected as a heater in parallel or in series and via a plug ( 5 ) with the carrier structure ( 6 ) via an adapter box ( 7 ) with the aggregate ( 8th ) of the tractor ( 9 ) or with the general power supply via a socket 230 V / 50 Hz ( 10 ) and a rectifier ( 11 ) connected is. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aggregate ( 8th ) as an alternator ( 8a ), Battery ( 8b ) or other (on-board) generators ( 8c ) is trained. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an environmental sensor unit consisting of temperature sensor and hydrometer ( 12 ) causes an automatic switching on the heater with a permanently set heating current, so that by a temperature control Wasserbil is prevented on the roof tarpaulin. For this additional function, a switch box ( 13 ), which controls the different electrical powers. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it causes for further planar or curved structures of all geometry, nature and function in the sense of heating or tempering a surrounding or subsequent space. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged and further processed in such a way that it can be used as a heatable container.