DE102009008967B4 - Plastic laminate with integrated heating function - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a plastic laminate comprising integrated heating function
- That an electrically insulating or slightly electrically conductive fabric matrix of artificial or natural fibers (2) of each storage orientation takes over the essential mechanical load-bearing tasks;
- That a plastic underside is coated (4);
- That a plastic top is coated (4);
- That an electrically conductive, based on nanoparticles structure, preferably of C or CNT nanoparticles (3c), in or around the tissue matrix (2) applied in any volume percent, for example by immersion or, for example, by admixture;
- That the structure (3c) causes a rigidity increase of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function (1);
characterized in that
- That the structure (3c) allow a heating power for controlling the temperature of fluids or other solutions or for example, for melting fluids or other solutions in different states of aggregation;
- That an electrical supply of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function (1) via a device plug (5) with a system inherent power or voltage source or other energy source (8) or with an external power outlet (10) for an on-site existing supply network;
- That an environmental measuring device (14), preferably the temperature control optionally via a switch box (13) is integrated to turn on and off the heater;
- that the overall network retains the flexibility of a passive tarpaulin.

Description

The invention relates to a plastic laminate with integrated heating function, in particular a temperature-controlled tarpaulin for applications in which a volume enclosed in the tarpaulin or a half-full space adjacent to the tarpaulin is heated, ie must be maintained at a temperature required by the function or fluid-like, for example, resting Masses of any state of matter, such as water H ₂ O, must be thawed or sublimated (melted) must be.

Such a task is, for example, when a roof tarpaulin for a truck trailer is loaded with snow or ice and this mass - you can go from several grams to several kilograms - should be removed without physical force. According to the invention, the solution is provided by a continuous electrical current adjusted by the partial conductance, which acts as a heater in the minute range during the time required in this application. The partial conductivity is achieved by additions of nanoparticles, in particular by particles of carbon (C) or carbon nanotubes (CNT), in or around the tissue matrix of the tarpaulin. The heating power melts the ice-shaped or frozen snow-like mass or otherwise a solid state of water or other fluid to form a surface layer of liquid water or fluid so that the solid substance floating thereon can slide down through any tilt of the trailer roof, to increase the traffic safety of motor vehicles.

The patent DE 10 2005 001 927 A1 describes a safety net for restraining and securing loose ice and snow on truck, trailer superstructures and other vehicles by preventing braided snow and loose ice sheets from falling down on a mesh grid or metal grid on the roof. The attachment of such a network to the semi-trailer, which is now produced in this respect very critical lightweight construction is very complex, but it must satisfy the static of the trailer, the driving dynamics must withstand and must not be a risk as a lost cargo. Also, such a network does not solve the causative problem that the driver according to StVo. fulfills its duty not to endanger other road users. Even the smallest particles of ice or snow that break off the net can hinder other road users, which is likely to result in a tarnish.

An alternative would be to bring the horizontal roof back into an inclined position according to the Hamburg roof, if snow or ice is to be expected - during the transitional months and in winter. The roof tarpaulin is then erected by means of a device during the service life of the motor vehicle. Such a solution is described in the patent DE 197 12 648 C2 described. The device is intended to remove water, snow and ice from the roof area of a truck by covering the roof area with an auxiliary tarpaulin that is fixedly connected to the roof tarpaulin and forms an arched, enclosed space such that a sparger for filling the gap with a gaseous Medium for training the desired roof geometry according to the invention leads. However, this solution has the disadvantage that the hermetic completion of all edges must be demanded. In addition to the tightness problem, it also requires forces when lashing the additional tarpaulin, which currently can not be applied in the ultralight structures. The additional tarpaulin therefore engages sensitively in the force curve of a grille construction. Due to the current requirements for bending fatigue strength and dynamic rigidity, a semi-trailer must be regarded as the overall load combination of flatbed, light metal structure and tarpaulin including bracing. Due to the flexibility of modern superstructures, which allow the semi-trailer to be twisted within the limits of its elastic limits, it is not possible to reliably seal the additional tarpaulin with the roof tarpaulin. It is also doubtful that the energetic effort to provide the gaseous medium with the necessary force to keep the additional tarpaulin under water and snowfall erect so that ice formation can be counteracted over a long time - life - and on the Lifetime of the tarpaulin - Fatigue of plastics under steady, constant load - can be reliably maintained. This disadvantage seems a solution in the patent EP 1 523 421 B1 as well as the previous application DE 202 20 342 U1 "Device to increase the safety of Planned vehicles" eliminate. In these documents, a tarpaulin is such a sideways chamfered by a centrally arranged on the crossbeams inflatable inflatable body or motorized spreaders so that the original tarpaulin of the vehicle loading area or trailer or Aufsattlers along the ridge area form a kind Hamburger roof. Basically, this invention, known as Roof Safety Air Bag, RSAB solves the causative problem insufficient because it contains an additional module - air bag - which causes an unreasonable time delay in the assembly of the trailer and thus not manufacturing and assembly technically tactful is. In addition, the leakage of trapped medium in the air bag is a reliable, the service life of the trailer required geometry under ice and snow load not guarantee. In addition, the edscha construction of modern semitrailers on the RSAB provides a high bending fatigue strength, whereby the fabric under high pressure - over 3 bar - heavily loaded and this results in a relatively rapid fatigue of the airbag, which can represent an additional safety hazard.

The alternative solution for removing ice would be a heater integrated into the roof tarpaulin. The publication DE 199 06 649 A1 mentions in its description an electrical resistance heater in a collapsible sunroof, which "can be locally controlled in the area of the rear window""to keep the rear window fog and ice-free". The essential feature of the folding top according to the invention is described in claim 1, that the resistance heating is integrated in the thermoplastic material and has the task to bring the plastic to the softening temperature, so that the top can be relatively easily folded. The resistance heating is meandering relatively close to the outer skin of up to 5 mm thick thermoplastic top. The heating takes place by a corresponding, unspecified, impulsive amount of electric current. At current 0 A, the plastic is returned to its original hardness range, so that according to the invention can be dispensed with load-carrying elements such as sprinkling or the like. The central task of resistance heating is thus controlling the softening temperature in the case of folding or unfolding of the top, which can be extended in further embodiments on tarpaulins, folding roofs or roll-up roofs. The de-icing function is a side effect not explained in detail. Whether an ice impact occurs on a collapsible canopy on the order of magnitude as described in the foregoing patents and the present invention is to be judged to be negligible. When folded, the hood is hidden in the body and in the unfolded state, the rear window is hardly covered with thick ice. And only here is spoken by local control of a fogging or occupancy with water a variety of aggregate state hinted. No statement is made about a regulation of current spikes or the like, i. The time aspect plays no role in the described task and the current pulse is sufficient to ensure a transition of the thermoplastic in the softening temperature range. The invention according to the disclosure DE 199 06 649 A1 does not provide any technological answers to the described technical control task - tempered de-icing of (roof) tarpaulins or tarpaulins with protective tasks. Very well procedural approaches in the arrangement of electrical resistance heating are to be seen, which are recognized in the present invention as prior art.

An important requirement for planning according to the inventive application is the translucency. This requirement is not significant for a collapsible vehicle deck, for a roof tarpaulin for truck semi-trailer already, as it allows the light - albeit diffused light - which in turn for orientation - especially for loading and unloading - is required by the user. The publication DE 198 24 058 A1 describes a translucent sheet consisting of a textile, net-like middle layer between two cover layers formed from translucent sheet material. The invention according to cited published patent application is increasingly concerned with the strength aspect in the main load direction, which is formed by appropriate or appropriate arrangement of the mesh to Hauptbelastungsrichtung. The increase in stiffness is achieved according to claim 1 by additional stabilizer threads, which in turn are suitably connected to the net-like middle layer. The following subclaims are embodiments of the middle layer, the outer layers and the stabilizer threads and to manufacturing processes thereof. In claim 14 for the first time pigments are given, which are not explained in detail to their properties. Pigments (Latin pigmentum for "paint", "make-up") are generally understood to be colorants that are used industrially. In contrast to dyes, pigments are insoluble in the application medium. The application medium refers to the substance in which the pigment is incorporated, for example, a paint or a plastic. Dyes and pigments together belong to the colorants and may be inorganic or organic, colored or not colored. The additives according to the invention of C / CNT particles as an exemplary embodiment of nanoparticles have no direct color inventive property, but convince by factors higher by conductivity compared to electrical, metallic resistance wires - see. Patent DE 10 2006 055 106 B4 , For the design of the fabric matrix of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function is based on an existing, possibly comparative arrangement of the mesh and fiber arrangements of in DE 198 24 058 A1 recited in the cited document, and therefore the improvement in stiffness with respect to the principal direction of loading indicated in the cited document is recognized as prior art. In contrast, and in efficient expansion and redesign of the heating function opposite DE 199 06 649 A1 For the present inventive task and embodiment, the integration of C / CNT particles in the translucent sheet is required so that no weakening of the same is produced. In particular today's lightweight design criteria for semi-trailers require a minimum amount of lateral force and longitudinal force absorption for the tarpaulin, in conjunction with the struts and hoops and other load-bearing parts, a reliable static and dynamic stability of the entire trailer is achieved. The nanoparticles of the arrangement according to the invention have essentially the heating function paired with the requirement of a translucency of 80% to the task and can in the best case with their mechanical properties according to patent DE 10 2006 055 106 B4 introduce additional stiffening aspects, taking into account the large snow and ice loads. In order to be able to afford and increase the efficiency of the required melting work, and in view of reliable and cost-efficient processing, it is recommended to integrate the C / CNT particles as the preferred nanoparticle into the polymer layer around the tissue matrix, which is in a further coating process with electrical contact zones is made suitable for resistance heating. However, task-specific may require that the net-like middle layer, hereinafter also called generalized tissue matrix, be combined with C / CNT particles - for example, by dipping the net-like stabilizer-reinforced middle layer into a CNT dispersion. Depending on the material-technical configuration of the tissue matrix, the nanoparticles may be diffused or adhered to the surface.

The task of removing ice on a tarpaulin with thermo-mechanical approaches can be explained in more detail according to the following diagram ( )

: left partial image shows the theoretically expected curve T = f (t), the right partial image generally shows the relationships between enthalpy and the aggregate states solid, liquid and gaseous for moist air. The ice heats up according to the laws of thermodynamics - especially the first law of thermodynamics - until it reaches the melting point. Thereafter, the temperature remains constant until the ice has completely melted. Then the water heats up further. However, only half as fast as the ice. This is because the calorific value of water is twice that of ice.

• 1. die Eisdicke auf der Plane beträgt maximal 20 cm
• 2. es werden nicht alle Felder einer Dachplane komplett mit Eis belegt sein (entspräche dann einer Gesamtmasse Eis von mehreren 1000 kg)
• 3. maximal werden 2 Felder belegt sein, die restlichen Felder werden mit einer 10%-igen Eismasse abgeschätzt. Dies ergibt eine Eismasse von 500 kg
• 4. die durchschnittliche Umgebungstemperatur bei Starten der Enteisung wird auf Minus 10°C abgeschätzt (263 K)
• 5. die von Eis in Wasser umgewandelte Menge soll dann auf 2°C (275 K) erhöht werden

For the task according to the invention one can assume the following realistic assumptions:

• 1. The ice thickness on the tarpaulin is a maximum of 20 cm
• 2. not all fields of a tarpaulin will be completely covered with ice (this would correspond to a total mass of ice of several 1000 kg)
• 3. maximum 2 fields are occupied, the remaining fields are estimated with a 10% ice mass. This gives an ice mass of 500 kg
• 4. the average ambient temperature when starting de-icing is estimated to be minus 10 ° C (263 K)
• 5. The amount converted from ice to water should then be increased to 2 ° C (275 K)

If the laws are applied to these assumptions, this results in a heat input of approximately 175 MJ. For the provided by an alternator electrical power of about 2 kW (very good alternator) results in a period of time for the complete conversion of the amount of ice to water of about 24 h. This is for the de-icing process from the user's point of view, from an energetic point of view and below Unattainable in terms of efficiency, which is why an intelligent heating solution is proposed by the arrangement and application according to the invention.

The object of the invention is to temper a volume enclosed in the tarpaulin or a half to full space adjacent to the tarpaulin, ie to keep it at a temperature required for the respective function. At the same time, the tarpaulin can take on the task of plying or resting fluid-like masses of any state of aggregation, for example water H ₂ O, or sublimating (melting off) and thus removing without further use of physical strength of, for example, snow and ice or preventing fluid-like deposits to effect by tempering or heating the roof tarpaulin. At the same time, the properties of the roof tarpaulin are not or only insignificantly influenced. Depending on the weight percent distribution of conductive additives, such as nanoparticles such as preferably carbon flakes or carbon nanotubes, even stiffness-increasing properties can be achieved, which also meet the required under some tasks Translumineszenz requirements - sufficient light transmission. The inventive solution continues to pay attention to an energy-efficient electrical energization, so that the heatable plastic laminate can be operated with all known energy storage and electrical supplies. The water, snow or ice infestation in the above-mentioned task should be carried out by melting or tempering a peripheral zone such that only the required electrical energy from the unit of the tractor or by an external electrical energy source such as a power outlet, based, the Melting enthalpy corresponds to an approximately sub-millimeter thick ice or snow plow. The molten water allows the residual ice or snow mass to (float) and this can be easily removed due to an external or additional to be generated inclined position of the trailer, for example by tilting the trailer or tilting the Hubdaches. The driver of the truck does not have to make any further mechanical interventions on the roof, be it via a crossbeam or a movable bridge. The heating of the roof tarpaulin according to the invention via electrically conductive nanoparticles, which are incorporated in the otherwise electrically insulated cover and electrically contacted. These include preferably carbon-based particles or flakes, which can be incorporated very well into the plastic-containing base and outer layers of standard tarpaulins.

The temperature-controlled tarpaulin described above has several advantages. On the one hand, it is manufactured on-site from the standard tarpaulin and has no excessive weight and volume growth with respect to passive tarpaulins and contains only electrically conductive nanoparticles for generating the heating power, which realize the heating current. The choice of the heating resistor can be deduced and adjusted from the properties of the nanoparticles themselves and the volume fraction in% by weight to the surrounding plastic-like tarpaulin and can thus satisfy the transluminescence. The visible difference to passive standard tarpaulins is the additional plug for the electrical contact of the "heating" with the energy supplier - any aggregate or power grid. On the other hand, the dynamic and quasi-static properties of the passive tarpaulin can be used without further negative influence. For this reason, the plastic laminate according to the invention with integrated heating is very good to use in Edscha roofs, without additional risk potential and without energy losses, since the heater must be made available only in case of need and there only in the minute range. According to a particularly preferred embodiment, due to the passive properties of nanoparticles, it is even possible to derive further advantages for the passive tarpaulin, which also come into play should a heating property not have to be resorted to during the lifetime of the tarpaulin. Due to their very good mechanical properties, carbon nanoparticles allow an increased tensile load on the passive tarpaulin. This property is already used for example in scratch-resistant paints.

According to a preferred further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the application frame encompasses all types of planar or curved tarpaulins which result in the leisure sector, preferably in awnings, roofs, covers and protective devices of all kinds, or in the military sector, in particular in tent structures, preferably for the infantry or for the protected storage of perishable goods, as they arise preferably in agriculture. Temperature controlled plastic laminates are also conceivable in the boat and pool sector, as well as in textile construction or architecture, preferably in large-scale construction, tensioned roof, frame and air-supported constructions.

A very important task can be implemented by a preferred further development of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin in tank construction. If fluid-like media, preferably drinking water, have to be stored for a long time and reliably ensured over a longer period of time, it is found in climates with very high temperature differences or in climatic zones with very low daytime temperatures that falls below the freezing temperature (below 0 ° C) the drinking water is no longer flowable shows. The task for tank construction is to keep the drinking water flowing for a long time. Due to the very high temperature differences, insulation is eliminated by increased wall thicknesses of the majority of plastic-like container, since the plastic is an insulator per se, however, setting a temperature exchange between ambient and container temperature among the large temperature differences via diffusion processes in a tough, viscous to solid Physical state of the drinking water results. The temperature-controllable plastic laminate can be used to produce containers which allow a temperature control of the container via the current to be fed in so that the flowability of the drinking water is maintained even via the majority of metallic valves. The energy expenditure can be generated for example by means of renewable energy sources (solar, wind, etc.), so that such a drinking water tank increasingly contributes to developing countries or Third World countries to improve the drinking water supply. Drinking water treatment with regard to legionella prophylaxis can also be improved globally by the temperature control of plastic tarpaulin containers according to the invention.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the figure representations, which illustrate in detail:

1 Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application Truck tarpaulin and its components.

2 Tempered truck roof tarpaulin in top view.

3 Tissue matrix without adhesion promoter, additives and further layers.

4.a. Tempered tarpaulin in cross section without nanoparticles.

4.b. Tempered tarpaulin in cross-section with double-sided addition of nanoparticles.

4.c Tempered plane in cross-section with one-sided addition of nanoparticles.

5.a. Tempered truck roof tarpaulin in cross section with crossbeam in the application Truck roof tarpaulin with ice and snowfall without energization.

5.b. Tempered truck roof tarpaulin in cross section with crossbeam in use Truck roof tarpaulin with ice and snowfall during energization.

6.a. Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application large tent.

6.b. Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application roofing.

6.c. Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application heatable shelter.

7 Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application Tarpaulins for all kinds of goods, preferably in agriculture.

8th Plastic laminate with integrated heating in the application tank construction.

The 1 illustrates the overall structure of a tempered tarpaulin ( 1 ) on a support structure ( 6 ) in lightweight construction, as is a modern semi-trailer or Aufsattler, with plug contact ( 5 ) to an adapter box ( 7 ) for electrical contact with the energy source ( 8th ). The energy source ( 8th ) can from the tractor ( 9 ) belonging to the alternator ( 8a ) or an internal, possibly additional battery ( 8b ) or other generator ( 8c ). The power source provides the power and power required by the heating power supplied by the central processing unit (CPU) (CPU). 12 ) is controlled. This CPU receives the "heat up" command manually by the vehicle operator or user or automatically by an environmental measuring unit ( 14 ). The CPU determines the required heat output controlled by characteristic curves or regulated by other sensors, and outputs via a switch box ( 13 ) the corresponding current value via a rectifier ( 11 ) to the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ). The energy source can come from the functional system trucks, but it can also be supplied externally. This external supply can be provided by a country-specific and region-specific, on-site electrical network via an appropriately designed voltage or power socket ( 10 ) to the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) via the rectifier ( 11 ) and the computer unit ( 12 ) respectively. The 1 further shows that the temperature-controlled Plane has a translucency, such that the ratio of incident light energy (λ_e) and transmitted light energy (λ_t) is sufficient for a loading and unloading activity for the task semitrailer and transport industry. Further applications of the tarpaulin according to the invention also require a sufficient light transmission, as used in the application as a large tent ( 6.a. ) or in the application as a roofing ( 6.b. ) or in the application as a heated shelter ( 6.c. ), for example, on weekly, annual or Christmas markets. The respective application requires an illuminance of 100 l × (corridor lighting during loading and unloading) up to 1000 l × (studio lighting) for applications according to figures 6.b. and 6.c. Depending on the existing light source, a transmission of at least 10% of the natural light source ( 15 ) or the artificial light source ( 16 ) in the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) by the degree of filling with the nanoparticles ( 3c ) can be set without significant performance losses in the heating power.

The 2 shows in a plan view of the roof tarpaulin of the support structure ( 6 ) in current dimensions, consisting of the top layer or top layer ( 3b ) of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) and the nanoparticles ( 3c ), which will be darkened in the case of (partly) transparent or white coloring of the roof tarpaulin. Not shown is the electrical contact ( 20 ). The degree of filling sets the transluminescence as described in the description 1 is documented.

The 3 shows the tissue matrix as it already exists for commercially available tarpaulins. The 3 documented that the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) is based on existing technologies according to the invention and requires no new manufacturing processes or technologies. The heating power comes from nanoparticles, which can be regarded as conductive additives to the existing additives. The innovation in the temperature-controllable tarpaulin consists in the contacting of these additives and is thus characterizing feature over passive, ie not heatable tarpaulins. The tissue matrix according to 3 draws a weave structure from natural or artificial fibers or plastics ( 2 ) whose web structure is preferably, but not binding, oriented in orthogonal storage and web position. The fibers are further distinguished by the fact that they act electrically insulating or are formed as semiconductors. This is indicated by the specific electrical conductivity in the range of 100 ppm S / m (at 22 ° C).

The 4 illustrate the layer structure in detail as a cross section. In 4.a. is a passive tarp consisting of tissue matrix ( 2 ) and the plastic-like cover structure around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) a tarpaulin ( 3b ) and plastic-like base structure around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) a tarpaulin ( 3a ). As a rule, the tissue matrix consists of artificial fibers made of the material PES. Adhesion promoters, a plastic cover layer, preferably of the material PVC and, depending on the application, a lacquer layer as a boundary layer then follow in two directions. The plastic top layer may in this case be mixed with plasticizers, color pigments and other other performance-forming or -steigernden additives. Processing methods are, for example, the dry-blend method. These described substructures are used as outer coating of the tarpaulin ( 4 ) summarized. The figures 4.b. and 4.c show in cross section the structure of a temperature-controllable tarp according to the invention with one-sided addition of heat-generating nanoparticles ( 3c ) in 4.b. and two-sided addition of the heating power-forming nanoparticles ( 3c ) in 4.c The nanoparticles ( 3c ) are part of the tissue matrix ( 2 ) or as a thin layer around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) by so-called dipping or pulling through or the nanoparticles ( 3c ) are components of the tissue matrix ( 2 ) surrounding base or cover structures ( 3a ) or ( 3b ). The one-sided addition according to 4.b. is increased by the addition of nanoparticles ( 3c ) in the cover structure ( 3b ) with outer coating ( 4 ) Are defined. In the two-sided addition according to 4.c Both the basic structure ( 3a ) as well as the cover structure ( 3b ) with nanoparticles ( 3c ) are firmly bonded. The outer coating ( 4 ) closes the top and bottom of the tarpaulin ( 2 ). In both embodiments according to the figures 4.b. and 4.c can the tissue matrix with nanoparticles ( 3c ) by adding these integrated into the base material composite or by dipping or pulling through the tissue matrix according to 3 into a nanoparticle structure ( 3c ). The required contacting ( 20 ) of the nanoparticles ( 3c ) is then carried out in the assembly of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) in the respective application geometry. The nanoparticles ( 3c ) form themselves chains or braids, so that they represent a resistance path comparable to a conventional heating wire. The non-closed area fulfills the requirement of transluminescence.

The figures 5.a. and 5.b. show the application for melting media ( 18 ), such as ice and frozen snow. In the figures, the tarpaulin lies on a support structure, shown as a crossbeam ( 17 ) of a carrier structure ( 6 ). The temperature-controlled tarpaulin is shown in section with tissue matrix ( 2 ), plastic-like basic structure around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) a tarpaulin ( 3a ) and plastic-like cover structure around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) a tarpaulin ( 3b ), the nanoparticles ( 3c ) and the outer coating of the tarpaulin ( 4 ) and the electrical contacting of the nanoparticles ( 20 ). When the heating power the Enthalpy of fusion of the medium reaches ( 5.b. ) melts in the marginal zone between tarpaulin and medium and carries the still solid mass of the medium. An aqueous carrier film is formed ( 19 ). Through the carrier film, the adhesive condition between mass ( 18 ) and plastic tarpaulins ( 1 ) interrupted and it sets a kind of sliding condition. If now the entire support structure ( 6 ) in a corresponding inclination, which satisfies the requirement of an analog inclined plane according to the mechanical force conditions (normal force, coefficient of friction, frictional force), the still solid mass ( 18 ) as well as the melted mass ( 19 ) targeted by the tarpaulin and defined by the locality of the tarpaulin. When used as a container, a heating power takes place in such a way that a viscous state of the medium is not achieved. It is always aimed at ensuring that a liquid boundary layer or the state of matter remains liquid and remains constant.

The 6 describe further applications of the plastic tarpaulins according to the invention ( 1 ) with the essential marking feature "plug" ( 5 ) and the property of transluminescence, represented by the two symbols of the incident light energy (λ_e) and the transmitted light energy (λ_t), used as a large tent ( 6.a. ) or in the application as a roofing ( 6.b. ) or in the application as a heated shelter ( 6.c. ) For example, on weekly, annual or Christmas markets.

The 7 describes the application of the plastic tarpaulin ( 1 ) with the marking feature "plug" ( 5 ) as protection and cover for perishable goods or objects in need of protection such as boats or swimming pools ( 25 ), which can be damaged by a load of snow and ice without additional use of physical strength due to the loads, which can reach even in the range greater than 1000 kg. A Abschmelzfunktion by the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) in the regulated version by means of a control unit ( 12 ) and environmental measuring unit ( 14 ) with a switch box ( 13 ) prevents this reliably.

The 8th describes the application of the inventive plan ( 1 ) in tank construction with the function of containing medium ( 22 ) despite adjacent temperature difference between medium ( 22 ) and to keep the environment fluid. This property is achieved by targeted temperature control of the medium ( 22 ) through the heated container ( 21 ) in the form of integrated nanoparticles ( 3c ) is reached as heating, which via the plug ( 5 ) with an external energy source ( 8th ) or ( 10 ) is supplied. The measuring point is preferably the valve or the fitting ( 23 ), since here usually a condensation or a cooling of the medium ( 22 ) in the line ( 24 ), which determines the fluidity of the medium ( 22 ) very much impaired.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Plastic laminate with integrated heating function or temperature-controlled tarpaulin

2

Tissue matrix of plastic fibers, natural fibers, or other webartig processable, electrically insulating or partially conductive carrier material in any active position, preferably 90-degree storage

3a

plastic-like base structure around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) of a tarpaulin

3b

plastic-like cover structure around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) of a tarpaulin

3c

Nanoparticles in filamentous or reticulate attachment and forming an electrical resistance

4

Exterior coating of the tarpaulin around the base and top structure and the fabric matrix

5

standardized plug or standard electrical plug-in contact in the male or female version, depending on the DIN according to the intended use

6

Support structure, preferably in lightweight construction

7

Adapter box of a carrier structure as interface between tractor ( 9 ) and support structure ( 6 )

8th

electrical power or power supply, power source, aggregate

8a

alternator

8b

Battery of all kinds and task-specific features

8c

Electric (on-board) generator of all types and characteristics

9

Tractor of all types and construction

10

on-site power supply, preferably a voltage supply via voltage network, for example 230 VAC / 50-60 Hz

11

Rectifier as an electrical adapter for respective vehicle or on-site existing, country and region-specific power supply for the preferred power of the temperature-controlled tarpaulin ( 1 ) with DC voltage and DC power of any power

12

Central processing unit (CPU) in the vehicle or in the building or as a separate, independent unit for controlling and regulating task-specific heating currents

13

Switch box or switching stage for (heating) power control or regulation

14

(Environmental) measuring unit for temperature, humidity and pressure

15

natural light source, such as daylight of at least 0.25 L × (full moon night)

16

artificial light source of at least 1000 L × (100 × street lighting)

17

Crossbar of a carrier structure in section (truck semi-trailer)

18

Mass or fluid in the state of matter solid or viscous, such as ice or snow mass

19

molten medium in the state of matter liquid as carrier of the mass ( 18 )

20

electrical contacts in cross-section for the heat-generating nanoparticles ( 3c )

21

tempered tarpaulin ( 1 ) in the application container

22

Mass or fluid in the state of aggregation liquid or flowable (substance-specific viscosity)

23

Valve or valve, preferably of metallic, non-rusting materials

24

management

25

medium to be protected any state of aggregation except liquid, such as agricultural good or commodity

Claims (13)

Composite system for a plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) comprising 1.1. that an electrically insulating or slightly electrically conductive tissue matrix of artificial or natural fibers ( 2 ) every storage orientation assumes the essential mechanical, load-bearing tasks; 1.2. a plastic underside is coated ( 4 ); 1.3. that a plastic top is coated ( 4 ); 1.4. in that an electrically conductive structure based on nanoparticles, preferably of C or CNT nanoparticles ( 3c ), in or around the tissue matrix ( 2 ) is applied in any percentage by volume, for example by immersion or integrated, for example, by admixture; 1.5. that the structure ( 3c ) a rigidity increase of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) causes; characterized in that 1.6. that the structure ( 3c ) allow a heating power for controlling the temperature of fluids or other solutions or for example, for melting fluids or other solutions in different states of aggregation; 1.7. that an electrical supply of the plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) via a device plug ( 5 ) with a system-inherent current or voltage source or other source of energy ( 8th ) or with an external power outlet ( 10 ) for an on-site supply network; 1.8. that an environmental measuring device ( 14 ) preferably the temperature control optionally via a switch box ( 13 ) is integrated to turn on and off the heater; 1.9. that the overall network retains the flexibility of a passive tarpaulin. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the woven or layered tissue matrix ( 2 ) preferably of the material PES having a specific electrical conductivity in the range of less than or equal to 100 S / m (at 22 ° C), preferably in orthogonal storage, and the base ( 3a ) and deck structures ( 3b ) in addition to adhesion promoters and other additives are preferably made of the material PVC, wherein such a layered structure can also be designed in several layers. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that a paint forms the protection of the tarpaulins on one or both sides. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the preferred manufacturing method is the dry-blend method. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the proportion of the preferred C or CNT structure ( 3c ) is selected in volume percent and storage such that a sufficient for the function of transluminescence, preferably at least 10%, is set. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the volume melted from the solid has a thickness in the sub-mm thickness range to sub-dm range, wherein the required electrical power for generating the task and function corresponding enthalpy of fusion up to 50,000 W / sqm can be. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the solid constituents of the medium ( 18 ) on the molten layer ( 19 ) and can be slid defined defined by appropriate on-site or system side, possibly motor or mechanically adjustable, inclined position or layers. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least the cover structure ( 3b ) cohesively with the preferred C or CNT structure ( 3c ) and / or at least indirectly in interaction with the cover structure ( 3b ) occurs. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the preferred nanostructure ( 3c ) is electrically connected as a heater in parallel or in series and via a plug ( 5 ) with the carrier structure ( 6 ) via an adapter box ( 7 ) with the aggregate ( 8th ) of the tractor ( 9 ) or with the general power supply via a socket 230 V / 50 Hz ( 10 ) and a rectifier ( 11 ) connected is. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aggregate ( 8th ) as an alternator ( 8a ), Battery ( 8b ) or other (on-board) generators ( 8c ) is trained. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an environmental sensor unit consisting of temperature sensor and hydrometer ( 12 ) causes an automatic switching on the heater with a permanently set heating current, so that by a temperature water formation on the roof tarpaulin is prevented. For this additional function, a switch box ( 13 ), which controls the different electrical powers. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it causes for further planar or curved structures of all geometry, nature and function in the sense of heating or tempering a surrounding or subsequent space. Plastic laminate with integrated heating function ( 1 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is arranged and further processed in such a way that it can be used as a heatable container.

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