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DE1014260B - Synthetisches Schmieroel - Google Patents

Synthetisches Schmieroel

Info

Publication number
DE1014260B
DE1014260B DEE10810A DEE0010810A DE1014260B DE 1014260 B DE1014260 B DE 1014260B DE E10810 A DEE10810 A DE E10810A DE E0010810 A DEE0010810 A DE E0010810A DE 1014260 B DE1014260 B DE 1014260B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
synthetic lubricating
ester
percent
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEE10810A
Other languages
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
Original Assignee
Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Exxon Research and Engineering Co filed Critical Exxon Research and Engineering Co
Publication of DE1014260B publication Critical patent/DE1014260B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/025—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with condensed rings
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft synthetische Schmieröle auf Grundlage von Estern, die sich besonders für Gasturbinentriebwerke von Flugzeugen eignen.
Ein Schmiermittel für Flugzeugturbinen muß die folgenden Eigenschaften aufweisen: Gute Beständigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen, günstiges Viskositätstemperaturverhalten, Belastungsfähigkeit und niedrige Viskosität bei niedrigen Temperaturen in Verbindung mit einem niedrigen Dampfdruck bei hohen Temperaturen. Diese Eigenschaften lassen sich nicht gemeinsam durch ein wirtschaftlich arbeitendes Raffinierverfahren von Erdöl erzielen.
Es wurden bereits Schmierölgemische, welche diesen Eigenschaften nahekommen, vorgeschlagen, diebestimmte synthetische Ester, namentlich Diester und Komplexester oder Gemische derselben, als Hauptbestandteil enthalten.
Der bevorzugte synthetische Schmierölgrundstoff gemäß der Erfindung enthält als Hauptbestandteil eine oder mehrere Verbindungen folgender Strukturformel:
R2OOCR1COOR2', R2OOCr1COOR1OOCR3,
R3COOR4OOCR3', R3(OOCR1COOR4)„OOCR1' COOR2', R3COOR4(OOCR1COOR4OnOOCR3'
R1 und R1' sind die Reste aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren: HOOCR1COOH-R2 und R2' sind die Reste einwertiger Alkohole: R2OH. R3 und R3' sind die Reste aliphatischer Monocarbonsäuren: R3COOH. R4 und R4' sind die Reste von Glykolen: HOR4OH. η ist eine Zahl von 1 bis 6, und zwar eine ganze Zahl oder ein Bruch, in letzterem Falle ist es ein Gemisch von Verbindungen mit 1 bis 6 als Mittelwert. Die einwertigen Alkohole sind vorzugsweise aliphatische Alkohole, Ätheralkohole oder Thioalkohole.
Die Kohlenwasserstoffkette von R2 ist zweckmäßig verzweigt; die Alkohole der Oxosynthese bieten sich hierfür vorzugsweise an; R2 hat im allgemeinen 4 bis 18 C-Atome und enthält Schwefel- und Sauerstoffatome nur in Thioäther- bzw. Ätherbindung. Die aliphatischen Monocarbonsäuren sind vornehmlich solche mit bis zu 22 C-Atomen. Als Glykole verwendet man namentlich solche der Alkylen- oder Polyalkylenglykolreihe, insbesondere Polyäthylenglykole vom Diäthylenglykol bis zum Decaäthylenglykol, oder Diole der Formel H0(CH2)m0H; η ist gleich 3 bis 12. Das Molekulargewicht und die Struktur der Ester werden vorteilhaft so gewählt, daß das fertige Öl eine Viskosität von 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 cSt bei 98,9° hat.
Schmieröle mit Estern als Grundstoff haben erfahrungsgemäß den Nachteil, daß sie beim Lagern bei niedrigen Temperaturen dicker werden. Die Ursache für das Verdicken ist nicht völlig geklärt; jedenfalls ist dieser Vorgang unerwünscht. Vorliegende Erfindung zielt unter anderem darauf ab, ein Mittel zur Verfügung zu stellen, Synthetisches Schmieröl
Anmelder:
Esso Research and Engineering Company, Elizabeth, N. J. (V. St. A.)
Vertreter: E. Maemecke, Berlin-Lichterfelde West,
und Dr. W. Kühl, Hamburg 36, Esplanade 36 a,
Patentanwälte
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Großbritannien vom 4. Juni und 15. Juli 1954
15
welches das Verdicken bei niedrigen Temperaturen wesentlich vermindert.
Es wurde gefunden, daß Verbindungen der Formel Ar (R1) R2 in diesem Sinne wirksame Zusätze sind, in der Ar den Benzolkern, R1 eine Hydroxylgruppe, eine Carboxylgruppe oder einen Ester oder ein Anilid der letzteren und R2 eine Carboxylgruppe oder einen Ester oder ein Anilid derselben bedeutet. Beispiele für diese Verbin-
düngen sind Äthylsalicylat, Mono- oder Dibutylsalicylat, Mono- oder Dibutylphthalat und Salicylanilid.
Die Menge des Zusatzstoffes bestimmt sich unter anderem nach der Verdickungsneigung des Schmiermittels und der erwünschten Verbesserung. Die Zusatzmenge beträgt im allgemeinen weniger als 7 %, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 5 %, insbesondere etwa 1 oder 2%. Der Zusatzstoff soll im Schmiermittel löslich sein und darf nicht bei den Betriebstemperaturen des Schmiermittels ausgeschieden werden. Es ist bereits bekannt, kompliziert zusammengesetzte saure Ester aus zwei- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen und einer Fettsäure, substituierten Fettsäure oder Naphthensäure und einer zwei- oder mehrbasischen Carbonsäure zu Mineralölen als Antikorrosionsmittel zuzusetzen. Hierfür wurden z. B. vorgeschlagen saures Äthylenglykolmononaphthenat-phthalat, Äthylenglykolmononaphthenat-malat, Äthylenglykolphenylstearat-phthalat, Glyceryldistearat-phthalat und viele ähnliche Verbindungen. Hieraus läßt sich kein Schluß auf den erheblichen Rückgang der Tieftemperaturthixotropie von Schmierölen auf Grundlage von Komplexestern und Diestern durch Zusatz der wesentlich einfacher zusammengesetzten Verbindungen nach der Erfindung ziehen.
Es wurde ferner vorgeschlagen, zwecks Lösung bzw. Minderung der Harz- und Kohleabscheidungen in Ver-
709 658/362
brennungskraftmaschinen dem Treibstoff oder dem Schmieröl Lösungsmittelgemische zuzusetzen, die aus drei verschiedenen Komponenten bestehen, und zwar erstens Estern aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren, Estern aromatischer Säuren, cyclischen Ketonen oder aliphatisehen Alkoholen mit Siedepunkten oberhalb 177°, zweitens Estern aliphatischer Säuren, aliphatischen Alkoholen, aliphatischen Ketonen, Benzol, Alkylbenzolen oder aromatischem Schwerbenzin mit Siedepunkten unterhalb 177° und drittens Phenolen. Diese Gemische können zwar auch Ester aromatischer Säuren enthalten, jedoch nur im Gemisch mit den übrigen angegebenen Bestandteilen, und sie. sind als Lösungsmittel für die Abscheidungen im Motor bestimmt.
Weiterhin ist bekannt, Schmierölen auf Esterbasis N-Acyl-p-aminophenol, Thiodiphenylamin, Hydrochinon, Brenzkatechin, Resorcin, N N'-Dibutyl-p-phenylendiamin oder Disalicyl-äthylendiamin als Oxydationsschutzmittel zuzusetzen. Zu dem gleichen Zweck wurde auch bereits der Zusatz von Phenolen, Alkylphenolen und Alkoxyphenolen, wie Phenol, 2, 4, 6-Tributylphenol, 2, 4-Dimethyl-6-butylphenol, 2, 6-Dibutylp-kresol, 2-Butyl-4~methoxyphenol, 3-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol und vielen anderen Phenolverbindungen vorgeschlagen.
Abgesehen davon, daß der Zusatz dieser Stoffe ausschließlich zum Zwecke der Oxydationsverzögerung erfolgte, wurde auch der Zusatz der erfindungsgemäßen verwendeten Verbindungen zu Schmierölen auf Grundlage von Komplexestern und Diestern bisher noch nicht vorgeschlagen, wie sich denn überhaupt der Stand der Technik mit der Erscheinung der Tieftemperaturthixotropie von Esterschmierölen bisher nicht befaßt hat.
Die folgende Tabelle gibt eine Vorstellung von der Wirksamkeit einiger als Beispiele gegebenen Zusatzstoffe. Zusammensetzung eines Schmiermittels: 20 % Komplexester*) Probe E, 20% Dioctylsebacat, 60°/0 Dinonylsebacat + 3,85 % Polymethacrylsäureester + 1 °/0 reines Phenothiazin.
40 20 % Komplexester*) Probe D, 20 % Dioctylsebacat, S0°/Q Dinonylsebacat + 3,6 °/0 Polymethacrylsäureester + 1 % reines Phenothiazin.
Zusatzstoff
Keine Zusätze 5 740 14 450
2°/0 Glycerinmonostearat ... 6 950 36 000
% Hexachlorbenzol 5 850 19 280
*) Aus Sebacinsäure, 2-Äthylhexanol und Polyglykol 200.
Viskosität, cSt bei —40°
Vor Behandlung
Nach
Behandlung
bei —54°
(17 Stunden)
Viskosität, cSt bei — 40°
Zusatzstoff Vor
Behandlung
Keine Zusätze 5 740
2 % Äthylsalicylat 5 405
l,4°/0 Butylsalicylat... 5 305
1 % Butylphthalat ... 5 610
2°/0 Butylphthalat ... 5 695
1% Salicylanilid 6 241
Nach
Behandlung bei
— 54°
(17 Stunden)
10 620
6 080
6 250
6 990
6 290
7 350
*) Aus Sebacinsäure, 2-Äthylhexanol und Polyglykol 200.
Aus den beiden letzten Beispielen ersieht man, daß der aromatische Kern offenbar von Bedeutung ist und daß andere Substituenten, z. B. Halogene, unwirksame Verbindungen liefern.

Claims (5)

Patentansprüche:
1. Synthetisches Schmieröl auf Grundlage eines Gemisches eines Komplexesters und eines Diesters aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren, gekennzeichnet durch einen Zusatz an einer Verbindung der Formel Ar (R1) R2, in der Ar den Benzolkern, R1 eine Hydroxylgruppe, eine Carboxylgruppe oder einen Ester oder ein Anilid der letzteren und R2 eine Carboxylgruppe oder einen Ester oder ein Anilid derselben bedeutet.
2. Synthetisches Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es den Zusatz in einer Menge von nicht mehr als 7 Gewichtsprozent, vorzugsweise in einer Menge von 0,1 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent, insbesondere etwa 1 oder 2 Gewichtprozent, enthält.
3. Synthetisches Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zusatzstoff Äthylsalicylat, Butylphthalat oder Salicylanilid ist.
4. Synthetisches Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es nicht weniger als 20 Gewichtsprozent Komplexester enthält.
5. Synthetisches Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der synthetische Ester eine Viskosität von 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 cSt bei 98,9° besitzt.
In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 604 450; britische Patentschriften Nr. 668 663, 680 438;
französische Patentschriften Nr. 974 374, 1 058 878; Chem. Zentralblatt, 1951, II, S. 920 (kanadische Patentschrift Nr. 471674); 1951, II, S. 2829 (schwedische Patentschrift Nr. 129 412).
709 658/362 8.57
DEE10810A 1954-06-04 1955-06-02 Synthetisches Schmieroel Pending DE1014260B (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB16599/54A GB776669A (en) 1954-06-04 1954-06-04 Improvements of low temperature stability of synthetic lubricants

Publications (1)

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DE1014260B true DE1014260B (de) 1957-08-22

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1058673B (de) 1955-01-04 1959-06-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Synthetische Schmieroele
DE1064665B (de) 1955-03-04 1959-09-03 British Petroleum Co Schmiermittelgemisch
DE1081587B (de) 1958-01-02 1960-05-12 Exxon Research Engineering Co Schmieroel

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA471674A (en) * 1951-02-20 The Pure Oil Company Gum and carbon deposit solvents and methods of using the same
FR974374A (fr) * 1947-10-28 1951-02-21 Bataafsche Petroleum Produits lubrifiants
GB668663A (en) * 1949-04-21 1952-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Improvements in or relating to synthetic ester lubricants
US2604450A (en) * 1950-12-22 1952-07-22 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating grease composition
GB680438A (en) * 1948-10-01 1952-10-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Complex glycol esters for use as or in lubricants
FR1058878A (fr) * 1951-03-02 1954-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Huile lubrifiante composée

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA471674A (en) * 1951-02-20 The Pure Oil Company Gum and carbon deposit solvents and methods of using the same
FR974374A (fr) * 1947-10-28 1951-02-21 Bataafsche Petroleum Produits lubrifiants
GB680438A (en) * 1948-10-01 1952-10-08 Standard Oil Dev Co Complex glycol esters for use as or in lubricants
GB668663A (en) * 1949-04-21 1952-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Improvements in or relating to synthetic ester lubricants
US2604450A (en) * 1950-12-22 1952-07-22 Standard Oil Dev Co Lubricating grease composition
FR1058878A (fr) * 1951-03-02 1954-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Huile lubrifiante composée

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1058673B (de) 1955-01-04 1959-06-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Synthetische Schmieroele
DE1064665B (de) 1955-03-04 1959-09-03 British Petroleum Co Schmiermittelgemisch
DE1081587B (de) 1958-01-02 1960-05-12 Exxon Research Engineering Co Schmieroel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1125772A (fr) 1956-11-07
GB776669A (en) 1957-06-12

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