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CN202183611U - 电池充电器、电池组及电池组连接系统 - Google Patents

电池充电器、电池组及电池组连接系统 Download PDF

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CN202183611U
CN202183611U CN2011201937155U CN201120193715U CN202183611U CN 202183611 U CN202183611 U CN 202183611U CN 2011201937155 U CN2011201937155 U CN 2011201937155U CN 201120193715 U CN201120193715 U CN 201120193715U CN 202183611 U CN202183611 U CN 202183611U
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battery pack
battery
cell
charger
wall
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杰弗里·S·霍华德
马修·J·维尔德曼
巴努普拉萨德·V·高蒂
丹尼尔·J·怀特
雷吉娜·G·C·卡纳南
阿齐兹·伊克巴尔
弗兰克·德洛斯
达斯丁·M·李
丹尼尔·N·洛帕诺
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Black and Decker Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
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    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • H02P7/29—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only using pulse modulation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B25F—COMBINATION OR MULTI-PURPOSE TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DETAILS OR COMPONENTS OF PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS NOT PARTICULARLY RELATED TO THE OPERATIONS PERFORMED AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B25F5/00—Details or components of portable power-driven tools not particularly related to the operations performed and not otherwise provided for
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    • B25F5/021—Construction of casings, bodies or handles with guiding devices
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    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R12/00—Structural associations of a plurality of mutually-insulated electrical connecting elements, specially adapted for printed circuits, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB], flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures, e.g. terminal strips, terminal blocks; Coupling devices specially adapted for printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures; Terminals specially adapted for contact with, or insertion into, printed circuits, flat or ribbon cables, or like generally planar structures
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    • H01R13/10—Sockets for co-operation with pins or blades
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    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P3/00—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P3/06—Arrangements for stopping or slowing electric motors, generators, or dynamo-electric converters for stopping or slowing an individual dynamo-electric motor or dynamo-electric converter
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02P7/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors
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    • H02P7/18—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power
    • H02P7/24—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/28—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P7/285—Arrangements for regulating or controlling the speed or torque of electric DC motors for regulating or controlling an individual DC dynamo-electric motor by varying field or armature current by master control with auxiliary power using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling armature supply only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3646—Constructional arrangements for indicating electrical conditions or variables, e.g. visual or audible indicators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/02—Bases, casings, or covers
    • H01H9/06—Casing of switch constituted by a handle serving a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. by the handle of a vacuum cleaner
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    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/569—Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals
    • H02J7/585—
    • H02J7/60—
    • H02J7/63—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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Abstract

本实用新型提供电池充电器、电池组及电池组连接系统。电池充电器对与其耦联的多个不同种类的电池组进行充电，该充电器包括分别与被附联的电池组的正电压端子和负电压端子结合的正电触点和负电触点；多个单元间的电触点，其选择性地与被附联的电池组的单元间端子接触，使得每个单元间端子与处于被附联的电池组中的电池单元之间的节点连接；选择性地测量所述电池组的单元间端子处的电压的电压测量电路；与电压测量电路进行数据通信以接收电压测量值的充电器控制模块。控制模块可操作地确定与参考电压相连的单元间端子的数量并根据所述数量识别所述电池组的属性。然后充电控制模块可对被识别出的电池组选择合适的充电模式并开始充电。

Description

电池充电器、电池组及电池组连接系统
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种用于动力工具系统中的电池组的改进型识别体系(scheme)，具体地说，涉及用于动力工具系统的电池组、电池组连接系统及电池充电器。 
背景技术
市场上流行一些使用可充电电池的无线产品或装置。可充电电池可以用于从计算机到动力工具的多类装置。由于这些装置使用多个单元，通常将这些单元封装成电池组。电池组与装置耦联时可用电池组对装置供电。一旦电力耗尽，可以通过电池充电器对电池组进行再充电。 
通常，由于不同类型的电池组相互间的端子配置不同，电池充电器只能对特定类型的电池组进行充电。例如，20V电池组的端子配置与14V电池组的端子配置不同。应意识到的是，这两种不同的电池组需要两种不同的电池充电器。对于多种电池充电器避免所述需求的一种方法是，在不同类型的电池组之间建立标准接口。这样，才能用相同的电池充电器对各种不同类型的电池组进行充电。为了确保对具有不同属性的电池组使用合适的充电工作步骤(charging algorithm)，电池充电器必需能准确识别与电池充电器耦联的电池组的类型。因此，期望开发一种耦联至相同电池充电器的电池组之间的改进的识别体系。 
对此部分的陈述仅提供了与本实用新型相关的背景信息，可能不构成现有技术。 
实用新型内容
本实用新型的目的是提供一种改进的用于动力工具系统的电池组、电池组连接系统及电池充电器。 
为了实现上述目的，根据本实用新型的一个方面，提供一种对与其耦联的多个不同种类的电池组进行充电的电池充电器，该充电器包括：与被 附联的电池组的正电压端子结合的正电触点；与被附联的电池组的负电压端子结合的负电触点；多个单元间的电触点，它们选择性地与被附联的电池组的单元间端子接触，使得每个单元间端子与处于被附联的电池组中的电池单元之间的节点连接；电压测量电路，其选择性地测量被附联的电池组的单元间端子处的电压；及充电器控制模块，其与电压测量电路进行数据通信以便接收电压测量值，该充电器控制模块可操作地确定与参考电压相连的单元间端子的数量，并根据与参考电压相连的指定端子的数量识别所述电池组的属性。优选地，单元间端子中的至少一个与电池组的正电压端子相连。优选地，充电器控制模块确定给定端子的位置，该给定端子与位于电池组中的第一电池单元和其余电池单元之间的节点相连，其中第一电池单元耦联于节点和负电池端子之间。 
根据本实用新型的另一方面，提供一种用于便携式工具的电池组，其包括：主体，其具有方位与主体后面垂直、相对的第一和第二侧壁；与后面方向相反的主体前面；及指状槽口，该槽口包括结合壁和相对定位的导入壁，结合壁和导入壁在凹入主体内低于前面的槽口腔底壁处接合，结合壁相对于前面具有第一俯仰角，导入壁相对于前面具有小于第一俯仰角的第二俯仰角。优选地，指状槽口还包括相对的第一和第二端壁，这些端壁的方位与槽口腔底部垂直且与第一和第二侧壁平行。优选地，导入壁限定出径直向外的凸状曲线轮廓。优选地，该电池组还包括从前面一体地延伸的多个接触构件，每个接触构件包括延伸经过导入壁部分并到达指状槽口中的延伸部分。优选地，第一俯仰角大约是第二俯仰角的两倍。 
根据本实用新型的又一方面，提供一种电池组连接系统，其包括：印刷电路板连接构件；连接器，其安装到印刷电路板连接构件并具有至少一个孔；至少一个具有弹簧支柱的偏压构件，该偏压构件位于所述至少一个孔内；及具有连接端的至少一个单元导线，通过将连接端插入所述至少一个孔中建立电连接，通过第一偏压力和第二偏压力保持该电连接，第一偏压力通过与至少一个偏压构件直接接触、借助连接端沿第一方向的弹性偏转形成，致使第一偏压力沿与第一方向相反的第二方向起作用，第二偏压力通过在连接端和至少一个偏压构件之间脱离直接接触使弹簧支柱沿第二方向弹性偏转形成，致使第二偏压力沿第一方向起作用。优选地，该电池组连接系统还包括分别与多个单元导线中的单独一个电连接的多个电池单 元。优选地，至少一个孔还包括四个孔，至少一个偏压构件包括四个偏压构件，至少一个单元导线包括分别预成型为不同几何形状的四个单元导线，该四个单元导线每个的连接端被插入四个孔中的一个内。优选地，连接器还包括聚合材料制成的壁，该壁被定位成使得至少一个偏压构件的弹簧支柱位于该壁和弹簧支柱之间，并与该壁和弹簧支柱两者接触。优选地，至少一个单元导线的连接端被定向为相对于该单元导线小于90度角。优选地，至少一个单元导线的连接端被定向为相对于该单元导线大于90度角。优选地，弹簧支柱的弹簧常数与连接端的弹簧常数不同。优选地，弹簧支柱的弹簧常数与连接端的弹簧常数相同，而弹簧支柱的质量与连接端的质量不同。 
根据本实用新型的再一方面，提供一种用于识别与电池充电器可操作地耦联的电池组的方法。该方法包括：当第一电池组与电池充电器耦联时，测量该电池组的多个指定端子处的电压；确定多少个如正向电池端子之类的指定端子与参考电压连接；及基于与参考电压连接的指定端子的多少识别电池组的属性。优选至少一个指定端子与位于电池组内两个电池单元之间的节点连接。 
根据本实用新型的另一方面，提供一种用于识别与电池充电器耦联的电池组的方法。该方法包括：当电池组与电池充电器耦联时，测量电池组的多个指定端子处的电压；确定指定端子中给定端子的位置；及基于指定端子中给定端子的位置识别电池组的属性。 
利用本实用新型，能够基于与参考电压连接的指定端子的数量或电池组中端子的位置来确定电池组的类型，然后充电控制模块可对被识别出的电池组选择合适的充电模式并开始充电。 
通过本说明书所提供的描述，本申请的其他应用范围将更为清晰。应理解的是，本部分中的说明和具体实例仅用于图示说明目的，而不是对本实用新型范围的限制。 
附图说明
图1为动力工具的一示例性系统的示意图； 
图2是用于可操作地耦联到不同类型的电池组的电池充电器的示例性构造框图； 
图3的流程图示出了本实用新型一示例性充电体系； 
图4A-4C为用于三种不同类型的电池组的示例性端子配置的示意图； 
图5的流程图示出了用于识别与电池充电器耦联的电池组的一示例性方法； 
图6的流程图示出了用于识别与电池充电器耦联的电池组的另一示例性方法； 
图7为具有带凹形切槽的指状槽口(female recessed finger notch)的电池组的一实施例的前部右侧透视图； 
图8为图7所示电池组的顶视图； 
图9为在图8所示切面9处截取的侧向截面正视图； 
图10是具有双偏压(double-biased)导线连接器的电池组连接系统的另一实施例的顶视图； 
图11为图10所示电池组的侧向正视图； 
图12为具有相对的偏压构件的电池组连接系统的又一实施例的顶视图； 
图13为在图12所示切面13处截取的侧向截面正视图。 
本说明书中描述的附图仅是对选定的一些实施例的图示说明，而不是对所有可实施的实施例进行图示说明，也不是对本实用新型范围的限制。在全部附图中相应的附图标记表示相应的部件。 
具体实施方式
本实用新型可以涉及一种动力工具系统，此类系统在图1中总体以附图标记10表示。动力工具系统10可以包括，例如，一个或多个动力工具12、一个或多个电池组16以及电池组充电器18。每一动力工具12可以是任意类型的动力工具，其包括钻、钻/驱动器、锤钻/驱动器、旋转锤、螺丝刀、冲击驱动器、圆锯、窄锯条机锯、往复锯、带锯、切断工具(cut-off tool)、锯断工具(cut-out tool)、剪切机、磨砂机、真空装置、照明装置、刳刨机、粘合剂分配器、混凝土振动器、激光器、钉书机及自动敲钉机，但不限于此。在提供的具体实例中，动力工具系统10包括第一动力工具12a和第二动力工具12b。例如，第一动力工具12a可以是类似于美国专利6,431,289号中描述的钻/驱动器，而第二动力工具12b可以是类似于美国专利 6,996,909号中描述的圆锯。电池组16可选择地与第一和第二动力工具12a和12b中任一个耦联，从而向其供电。值得注意的是，就本实用新型的更宽方面而言，可以应用其他类型的电池供电装置。 
图2示出了与多个不同电池组16可操作地耦联的电池充电器18的示例性构造。电池充电器18通常包括供电电路22(即电流源)、电压监测电路23和充电器控制模块24。该示例性构造仅被设置为用来描述本实用新型所公开的识别体系的设备场境。另外，该构造可以仅表示部分内部电路。电池组和/或电池充电器可以包括附加功能或组件，例如其他识别组件、保护电路和/或其他内部组件，为简明起见在本说明书中没有示出它们。 
充电器控制模块24承担对电池单元(battery cell)进行充电并对充电期间可能发生的任何故障状态进行监测的任务。在一示例性实施例中，将充电器控制模块24实施为数字微控制器上的软件(处理器可执行指令)。然而，举例来说，可将充电器控制模块24实施为数字微控制器、微处理器或模拟电路、数字信号处理器或者通过一个或多个如专用集成电路(ASICs)之类的数字ICs形式的硬件或软件。也可考虑，使充电器控制的一部分位于电池组中。 
为了对电池组16充电，可将电池组16与电池充电器18可操作地耦联。可以使用用于检测电池组存在的各种技术。在检测电池组16时，电池充电器18使充电体系初始化。在一示例性充电体系中，充电器18向电池组16输送恒定电流。当叠加电压(stack voltage)、单个单元(cell)或这些单元的一部分达到目标充电值时，充电器18从恒流模式切换为恒压模式。充电器18继续以恒压模式进行充电，直到充电电流降到低于预定阈值(例如100mA)，此时终止充电电流。 
图3示出了通过量充电器18的充电器控制模块24实现的另一示例性充电体系。在该体系中，通过向电池组输送充电电流31电池充电器18开始工作。可将充电电流设定为能通过充电器输送的最大值(例如3A)或某一较小值。在某些实施例中，可以周期性充电循环的方式输送充电电流(例如，二分之一持续时间的循环(cycles of one second duration))；然而，在其他一些实施例中，持续地输送充电电流。 
充电过程期间在步骤32处通过电压监测电路23持续地监测单元电压。在该示例性实施例中，可以通过电压监测电路23在充电循环之间对单元电 压进行测量。优选将电压监测电路23构造为在例如大约10-70毫秒的时间间隔期间顺序地对单个单元进行测量。依次将单个单元的测量情况报告给充电器控制模块24以便进一步评估。在持续输送充电电流的情况下，在向电池单元输送充电电流的同时对单元的电压进行测量。 
连续地将最大充电电流输送至电池组，直到至少一个电池单元达到目标充电值(例如4.15V)为止，如步骤33所示。当一个或多个电池单元达到目标充电值时，将降低充电电流。在一示例性实施例中，在步骤38处以预定增量降低充电电流，直到达到通过量充电器能够输出的最小充电电流(例如200mA)为止。例如，尽管也可以考虑其他减小量，充电电流可以降低一半。 
可以通过跳过(skipping)充电循环进一步降低输送到电池单元的平均充电电流。当充电器输出最小充电电流且不是全部单元都达到目标充电值时，在步骤39处跳过充电循环，以便进一步降低输送到这些单元的平均充电电流。例如，跳过每一其他充电循环进一步将由充电器输送的平均充电电流减小50％(例如，从200mA到平均100mA)。 
在每一充电循环后，对单元进行测量并决定是否降低充电电流。在该示例性实施例中，通过量充电器控制模块24作出降低充电电流的决定。响应该命令，充电器控制模块24与供电电路22联系从而降低由充电器输送的充电电流。当所有电池单元都达到了目标充电值时，如步骤35所示终止充电电流。该充电体系尤其适用于具有单元平衡功能的电池组。就本实用新型的更宽方面而言，可考虑其他类型的充电体系。 
可将电池充电器18构造为对不同类型的电池组16进行充电。例如，电池组16′、16″、16″′可以分别具有不同数量的电池单元以及不同的标称额定电压值，例如12V、14.4V和20V。在每种情况中，电池组16包括多个串联连接的电池单元20(如图所示)，或者彼此并联连接的多个单元串，其中给定串中的单元彼此串联连接。串联连接的单元数量决定了电池组的标称额定电压值。容易理解的是，其他电压额定值也落入本实用新型的范围内。为了对这些示例性实施例进行描述，电池组16可以由具有锂离子电池化学组成和性质的单元(lithium-ion cell chemistry)构成。同样可以理解的是，例如，电池组16可以由如锂金属或锂聚合物之类的其他具有锂基化学组成和性质的单元构成，或由如镍镉(NiCd)、镍金属氢化物(NiMH)和 铅酸之类的其他化学组成和性质的单元构成，。 
电池组16还可包括温度传感器25。温度传感器25被构造为测量电池单元的温度。当电池组16与电池充电器18可操作地耦联时，温度传感器25通过端子与电池控制模块24依次连接。温度传感器25可以通过负温度系数(NTC)热敏电阻、正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻、温度传感集成电路、热电偶或其他温度敏感组件来实现。在电池组中还可装入其他类型的保护电路。 
图4A-4C示出了用于具有不同数量的电池单元的三个电池组16′、16″、16″′的示例性端子配置。取决于单元的化学组成和性质以及制造厂商，每个电池组将分别具有不同的标称额定电压值，例如12V、14.4V和20V。在该示例性实施例中，每个电池组包括与电池充电器的电触点结合的八个端子。三个电池组中有四个端子相同：正电压端子(B+)、负电压端子(B-)、热敏电阻端子(Th)和第二识别端子(ID)。其余的四个端子能够测量电池组中的电池单元之间的电压。在20V电池组16″′中，串联连接有五个电池单元，因此如图2中清楚地看到的那样，五个单元之间散置有四个测量节点。在这种情况下，每个测量节点与四个其余端子(此处也称为指定端子)中的一个连接，由此电池充电器能确定电池组中每个单元的单独的单元电压。在14.4V电池组16″中，有四个电池单元，因此三个测量节点与四个其余端子中的三个连接，而一个端子未使用。在12V电池组16′中，有三个电池单元，因此两个测量节点与四个其余端子中的两个连接，而两个端子未使用。于是，每个电池组中至少一个指定端子与位于电池组中两个电池单元之间的节点连接。容易理解的是，端子的配置可以包括更多或更少的端子，这些端子可以具有其他功能。还需要注意的是，图4A-4C中所示出的电压仅是示例性的，以有助于理解下面将讨论的识别体系。 
对给定的电池组16充电之前，电池充电器18识别与其耦联的电池组的类型，如图5所示。在一个示例性识别体系中，充电器18根据与参考电压连接的端子数量来识别电池组。继续参见上面描述的电池组，如图2中清楚地看到的那样，可将电池组16′和16″中未使用的端子联接至参考电压。更具体地说，未使用的端子与电池组的正电压端子(B+)连接。在这种方式中，可用未使用的端子识别电池组。根据本实用新型，还可考虑其他参考电压。 
为了识别电池组，首先在步骤51处充电器控制模块24测量电池组的多个指定端子(例如端子3，4，6和7)处的电压。对于每个端子给出电压测量值，在步骤52处充电器控制模块确定多少个指定端子与参考电压连接。在该实例中，与正电池电压(B+)指定地连接。随后可以根据与参考电压连接的指定端子的数量来确定电池组的类型，例如以下面列举的方式进行确定。 
在该示例性实施例中，在53处当充电控制模块24确定只有一个端子(或者没有指定端子)与B+连接时，推定电池充电器与具有五个电池单元的组16″′耦联。在步骤54处充电控制模块24依次选择适合于对所识别出的电池组16″′进行充电的充电模式(charging algorithm)。可供选择的是，充电控制模块24可以在适用于所识别出的电池组16″′的常规充电模式中设置参数(例如用于整个电池组的过量充电电压阈值)。然后充电控制模块24可以与供电电路22相互作用，从而在步骤59处依照合适的充电模式开始充电。 
在步骤55处当充电控制模块24确定有两个端子(或者一个指定端子，即，端子3)与B+连接时，推定电池充电器18与具有四个单元的电池组16″耦联。在步骤57处当充电控制模块24确定有三个端子(或者两个指定端子，即，端子3和6)与B+连接时，推定电池充电器18与具有三个单元的电池组16′耦联。在任一情况下，充电控制模块24选择对于所识别出的电池组的合适的充电模式56，58，并如步骤59处表明的那样开始充电。容易理解的是，对于不同的电池组类型，所选择的充电模式可以不同。还可预料，上面列举出的识别体系可以与用于识别与电池充电器耦联的电池组类型的其他措施一起使用。 
继续参考图4A-4C描述用于识别电池组类型的另一方法。在每一电池组中，具有与位于第一电池单元和其余电池单元之间的测量节点耦联的端子(图中指定为4V)。通过改变三种不同电池组中此端子的位置，可以利用该端子的位置来识别电池组的类型。 
参考图6，首先在步骤61处充电器控制模块24测量电池组的多个指定端子(例如端子3，4，6和7)处的电压。给出每个端子的电压测量值，在步骤62处充电器控制模块24确定哪个端子的电压测量值最低。尽管在全充电的状态下具有最低电压测量值的端子大约为4V，容易理解的是，当该 电池组充电量低于全充电电量时该端子具有最低的电压测量值。然后可以根据该端子的位置来确定电池组类型。可以预料的是，此方法能用于如具有第二最低电压测量值的端子或者与热敏电阻连接的端子之类的其他一些端子中的一个上。 
在该示例性实施例中，在步骤63处当充电控制模块24确定端子4具有最低电压测量值时，推定电池充电器与具有三个单元的电池组16′耦联。在步骤64处充电控制模块24依次选择适合于对电池组16′进行充电的充电模式。可供选择的是，充电控制模块24可以在适用于电池组16′的常规充电模式中设置参数(例如，用于整个电池组的过量充电电压阈值)。然后如69处表明的那样，充电控制模块可以依照合适的充电模式开始充电。 
在65处当充电控制模块确定端子6具有最低电压测量值时，推定电池充电器与具有四个单元的电池组16″耦联。在67处当充电控制模块确定端子3具有最低电压测量值时，推定电池充电器与具有五个单元的电池组16″′耦联。在任一情况下，充电控制模块对所识别出的电池组选择合适的充电模式66，68，并如在步骤69处表明的那样开始充电。 
尽管将以上列举的识别体系用于确定电池组的标称电压，可以用该体系识别电池组的其他属性。例如，可用该识别体系区分具有不同单元化学组成和性质的电池组。借助本实用新型还可考虑如单元化学组成和性质、单元供应商或单元配置(即并联的单元串数量)之类的其他类型的属性。可进一步考虑的是，可以通过向工具中引入控制器来实现这些识别体系，使得该工具能识别与其耦联的电池组的属性。 
参考图7，电池组100包括为大致矩形的主体102，并可包括从后面106延伸的连接部分104，该连接部分用来连接用于充电的电池组100或连接到使用存储于电池组100中的电量的工具(未示出)。相对的第一和第二侧壁108，110的方位垂直于后面106。为了有助于相对再充电装置或工具手动安装和/或移除电池组100，设置有限定出从前面114向主体102内部开口、带切槽的凹形指状槽口112。前面114基本上为平面，但是也可以包括面板结构部(fascia features)、制造商标记、使用和再充电说明、电池组额定值、等等、前面114还可设置任何一种装饰、凹陷、冲压图案、标记或其他部分。 
根据一些实施例，指状槽口112包括导入壁116和相对设置的结合壁 118，这些壁在凹低于前面114的槽口腔底壁120处接合。导入壁116可以限定径直向外的凸状曲线轮廓(convex-shaped curve)。使用者通过沿前面114在第一操作方向“A”上开始滑动手指直到碰到导入壁116的导入边缘122而将一个或多个手指(未示出)插入指状槽口112中来使用指状槽口112。之后使用者的手指向下(在图7中远离观察者的方向)进入指状槽口112中并继续沿导入壁116滑动直到到达底壁120并与结合壁118接触为止。随后，通过基本经过结合壁118的直接接触传递由使用者的手指沿第一操作方向“A”施加的持续压力，以便沿第一操作方向“A”移走电池组100。相对的指状槽口端壁126，128的方位垂直于前面114和槽口腔底壁120且平行于第一和第二侧壁108，110中的每一个。槽口端壁126，128提供侧面到侧面的限制，从而有助于使用者的手指保持在指状槽口112中。 
参考图8，指状槽口112的方位基本垂直于第一和第二侧壁108，110，并且指状槽口112具有相对于电池组100的纵向轴线130处于中央的总长度“B”。指状槽口112的总宽度“C”可以约为15.2mm，以便提供接纳使用者手指的入口。在一个示例性实施例中，底壁120的纵向轴线132位于指状槽口112距离主体102的端壁134大约30.2mm处。为了便于使用者沿与第一操作方向“A”相反方向的第二操作方向“E”移动电池组100，至少一个和根据一些实施例的多个接触构件136可以从前面114一体地延伸，而且每个接触构件可以包括经过导入壁116部分地伸进指状槽口112中的延伸部分138。当使用者手指沿第二操作方向“E”运动以有助于沿第二操作方向“E”移动电池组时，该手指将直接结合接触构件136。以上的尺寸表示一个示例性实施例，并不意味着将本实用新型的电池组100或指状槽口112限制为任何具体尺寸。 
参考图9，为了使使用者与指状槽口122的结合以及利用指状槽口112沿第一操作方向“A”传递到电池组100的压力最大，第一俯仰角α或结合壁118的斜率基本上大于第二俯仰角β或导入壁116的斜率。结合壁118的方位在相对于前面114为大约60度的α角处。导入壁116的方位在相对于前面114为大约30度的β角处。根据一些实施例，第一俯仰角α大约是第二俯仰角β的双倍(2倍)或更大，以确保使用者与结合壁118直接接触。电池组100还可以包括尺寸能够可滑动地接纳和保持可再充电的电池(未示出)的多条缝隙140。 
参考图10，电池组连接系统200用于电池组203的多个单独的电池单元202、202′、202″、202″′、202″″的电连接。电池组连接系统200可以包括多个单独的电池单元导线，包括第一单元导线204，第二单元导线206，第三单元导线208和第四单元导线210。每个单独的单元导线由基本刚性的材料预成型而成，该预成型是针对在电池组203安装之前、安装期间和安装之后保持预成型的形状而设计的。每个单独的单元导线包括压力连接端212，该单元导线部分地朝偏压连接端212偏移成与印刷电路板(PCB)接触焊点216的平面214直接接触。为了保持各单个单元导线的预成型形状，通过将单个单元导线接纳于连接器构件218的细长缝隙或孔内并同时接纳于各远处的开缝构件220的缝隙内而将它们保持在安装位置，所述连接器构件位于接近印刷电路板接触焊点216之处，所述远处的开缝构件220位于接近单独的单元导线在其各单独单元或多个单元处的连接部。根据一些实施例，连接器构件218可以是保持所有单独的单元导线的单一构件，或者可以是各自保持一个或多个单元导线的单独构件。 
参考图11，开缝构件218各自保持一示例性实施例中的第一、第二、第三和第四单元导线204、206、208、210(在该视图中只有第一单元导线204是清晰可见的)与电池202′连接。各单元导线的压力连接端212形成为弯曲状或者形成从每个连接器开缝构件218延伸的部分环形。每个压力连接端212包括与PCB接触焊点216的平面214直接接触的第一部分222，和朝电池202′直接返回的第二部分224。根据一些实施例，每个压力连接端212限定出从小于90度到大约180度范围的弯曲度。 
例如若电池组或压力连接端212的振动达到共振频率，压力连接端212倾向有助于减轻电池组203的振动，这种振动将导致第一部分222和PCB接触焊点216的平面214之间的接触时断时续。为了实现此功能，可将每个压力连接端212创建为各第一和第二部分222、224具有不同的弹簧常数，或者第一和第二部分222，224可以每个具有相同的弹簧常数但质量不同。第一部分222的第一弹簧常数及其如U形弯曲的几何形状一起产生沿第一偏转方向“G”起作用的偏压力，该偏压力在第一部分222与平面214直接接触的情况下弹性偏转时形成。第二部分224的第二弹簧常数与第一弹簧常数不同，或者如以上指出的第一和第二部分222、224可以各自具有相同的弹簧常数但是质量不同。第二部分224的第二弹簧常数产生沿与第一偏转 方向“G”方向相反的第二偏转方向“H”起作用的偏压力，该偏压力在第二部分224与电池或单元202′接触时形成。预先确定电池202′和平面214之间的间隔尺寸“J”，使得如果压力连接端212的第一部分222或第二部分224中任一个在其固有频率下振动，都将在压力连接端212和平面214之间保持接触以保持电学连通性。 
参考图12并再参考图10，将电池组连接系统300用于电池组303的多个单独的电池单元302、302′、302″、302″′、302″″的电连接。与电池组连接系统200类似，电池组连接系统300可以包括多个单独的电池单元导线，包括第一单元导线304、第二单元导线306、第三单元导线308和第四单元导线310。每个单独的单元导线由基本刚性的材料预成型而成，该预成型是针对在电池组203安装之前、安装期间和安装之后保持预成型的形状而设计的。每个单独的单元导线包括压力连接端312，各压力连接端被插入聚合物连接器316的多个接纳孔314的一个中。为了保持各单独的单元导线的预成型形状，通过将单独的单元导线接纳于各连接器开缝构件318(只示出一个)的细长缝隙内并同时接纳于各远开缝构件322的缝隙内也可将它们各自保持在安装位置，连接器开缝构件318与连接器开缝构件218类似，每个被安装到印刷电路板(PCB)连接构件320，而远开缝构件322与远开缝构件220类似并邻近单个单元处的单元导线连接部。 
参考图13，例如若电池组或压力连接端312的振动达到共振频率，压力连接端312倾向于减轻电池组303的振动，这种振动将导致压力连接端312和提供与(PCB)连接构件320电接触的连接端子324之间的接触时断时续。为了实现此目标，利用两个相反的偏压力来保持每个压力连接端312。 
下面对压力连接端312′安装的讨论同样适用于每个压力连接端312。将压力连接端312′插入连接器316的一个接纳孔314′中时产生第一偏压力。沿方向“K”插入压力连接端312′并使其接纳于腔326内，该腔形成于普通U形偏压构件330的弹簧支柱328和连接器316的壁332之间。这迫使压力连接端312′沿第一方向“L”弹性偏转，该偏转产生与连接端312′相反的偏压力，该偏压力沿在连接端312′和弹簧支柱328之间保持直接接触的第二方向“M”起作用。通过弹簧支柱328提供第二偏压力，当接纳压力连接端312′时弹簧支柱328沿第二方向“M”弹性偏转，由此所产生的偏压力沿第一方向“L”起作用。压力连接端312′和弹簧支柱328的弹簧常数彼此不同，因此引起或者 压力连接端312′或者弹簧支柱328在任何一个的固有频率下偏转的振动不会导致另一个在该固有频率下振动。 
偏压构件330还包括固定到连接端子324的支柱336的连接端334。连接端子324穿过孔338向外延伸，该孔穿过PCB连接构件320而形成。可将非线性部分340至少部分地定位于孔338中，以保持连接端子324的位置。根据一些实施例，多个单元导线304、306、308、310中任一个的连接端312的方位在相对于单元导线为α角之处。优选角度α小于90度，以便只允许连接端312的自由端342与壁332接触，从而有助于保持连接端312的偏压力。 
前面所描述的一些实施例仅为了解释和图示说明，而并非穷举或限制本实用新型。即使没有具体示出或描述，一般而言，某具体实施例的单个元件或特征并不限于该具体实施例，而在适合之处可互换并可用于被选定的实施例。相同部分也能以多种方式改变。可以认为，这些改变没有超出本实用新型的范围，所有这些改型都将落入本实用新型的范围内。 
相关申请的交叉引用 
本申请要求享有于2010年4月7日提交的美国临时申请No.61/321,699的优先权。上述申请公开的内容通过引用被加入本实用新型中。 

Claims (16)

1.一种对与其耦联的多个不同种类的电池组进行充电的电池充电器，其特征在于，包括：
正电触点，其与被附联的电池组的正电压端子结合；
负电触点，其与被附联的电池组的负电压端子结合；
多个单元间的电触点，其选择性地与被附联的电池组的单元间端子接触，使得每个单元间端子与处于被附联的电池组中的电池单元之间的节点连接；
电压测量电路，其选择性地测量被附联的电池组的单元间端子处的电压；及
充电器控制模块，其与电压测量电路进行数据通信以便接收电压测量值，该充电器控制模块可操作地确定与参考电压相连的单元间端子的数量，并根据与参考电压相连的指定端子的数量识别所述电池组的属性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其特征在于，所述单元间端子中的至少一个与电池组的正电压端子相连。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电池充电器，其特征在于，所述充电器控制模块确定给定端子的位置，该给定端子与位于电池组中的第一电池单元和其余电池单元之间的节点相连，其中第一电池单元耦联于所述节点和负电池端子之间。
4.一种用于便携式工具的电池组，其特征在于，包括：
主体，其具有方位与主体后面垂直的、相对的第一和第二侧壁；
与所述后面方向相反的主体前面；及
指状槽口，其包括结合壁和相对定位的导入壁，结合壁和导入壁在凹入主体内低于所述前面的槽口腔底壁处接合，结合壁相对于前面具有第一俯仰角，导入壁相对于前面具有小于第一俯仰角的第二俯仰角。
5.根据权利要求4所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述指状槽口还包括相对的第一和第二端壁，这些端壁的方位与槽口腔底部垂直且与第一和第二侧壁平行。
6.根据权利要求4所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述导入壁限定出径直向外的凸状曲线轮廓。 
7.根据权利要求4所述的电池组，其特征在于，还包括从前面一体地延伸的多个接触构件，每个接触构件包括延伸经过导入壁部分并到达指状槽口中的延伸部分。
8.根据权利要求4所述的电池组，其特征在于，所述第一俯仰角大约是第二俯仰角的两倍。
9.一种电池组连接系统，其特征在于，包括：
印刷电路板连接构件；
连接器，其安装到印刷电路板连接构件并具有至少一个孔；
至少一个具有弹簧支柱的偏压构件，该偏压构件位于所述至少一个孔内；及
具有连接端的至少一个单元导线，通过将该连接端插入所述至少一个孔中建立电连接，通过第一偏压力和第二偏压力保持该电连接，所述第一偏压力通过与至少一个偏压构件直接接触、借助连接端沿第一方向的弹性偏转形成，致使该第一偏压力沿与第一方向相反的第二方向起作用，所述第二偏压力通过在连接端和至少一个偏压构件之间脱离直接接触使弹簧支柱沿第二方向弹性偏转形成，致使第二偏压力沿第一方向起作用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，还包括分别与所述多个单元导线中的单独一个电连接的多个电池单元。
11.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个孔还包括四个孔，所述至少一个偏压构件包括四个偏压构件，所述至少一个单元导线包括分别预成型为不同几何形状的四个单元导线，该四个单元导线每个的连接端被插入所述四个孔中的一个内。
12.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，所述连接器还包括聚合材料制成的壁，该壁被定位成使得所述至少一个偏压构件的弹簧支柱位于该壁和弹簧支柱之间，并与该壁和弹簧支柱两者接触。
13.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个单元导线的连接端被定向为相对于该单元导线小于90度角。
14.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个单元导线的连接端被定向为相对于该单元导线大于90度角。
15.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，所述弹簧支柱的弹簧常数与连接端的弹簧常数不同。 
16.根据权利要求9所述的电池组连接系统，其特征在于，所述弹簧支柱的弹簧常数与连接端的弹簧常数相同，而弹簧支柱的质量与连接端的质量不同。 
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