CN1668461A - 层压玻璃窗板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
公开了一种层压玻璃窗板,其包括两层玻璃层以及具有安装在电路板上且在玻璃层之间进行层叠的一个或多个发光二极管的一层塑料层,从而形成发光二极管装置。所述电路板一般为柔性电路板,其包括具有基片(例如聚酰亚胺和聚酯)和传导层(例如铜箔或传导油墨)。塑料层在层叠之前优选具有2mm或更薄的厚度,层压玻璃窗板的厚度为8mm或更薄。许多发光二极管可以安装在柔性电路板上,并且在玻璃层之间层叠;合成的玻璃窗板还可以包括在至少一层上的标记。还公开了两种加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,每一种方法包括在塑料层内的切口中定位发光二极管装置,和在层叠所述的层之前,在两层玻璃层之间交错塑料层。可以使用一层或多层塑料层,发光二极管装置可以涂有塑料材料。本发明的层压玻璃窗板可以使用在窗户、门或银幕上。
Description
本发明涉及层压玻璃窗板。更尤其是,本发明涉及包括两层玻璃层、一层塑料层以及在玻璃层之间层叠的一个或多个发光二极管的层压玻璃窗板。
层压玻璃窗板通常包括两层玻璃层和在所述玻璃层之间交错的一层塑料层(一般是聚乙烯丁缩醛),也就是塑料层在玻璃层之间延伸,并且基本上与它们共同延伸。所述塑料层通常称作夹层。为了避免引起怀疑,在此使用的术语“塑料”一般为制作夹层所用的材料,而不是夹层的机械性能。层压玻璃窗板使用在窗户(特别是汽车车窗)、门和银幕上。
层压玻璃窗板常常由层压方法加工,所述层压方法包括在高压釜中使合成玻璃层/夹层/玻璃层结构经受相当高的温度(一般超过100℃)和压力(一般超过5个大气压)。在所述层压过程期间,夹层倾向于滑移或流动,以确保与玻璃层有良好的接触,从而具有良好的光学性能。层压玻璃窗板也可以由现场浇铸方法加工,其中流体夹层材料在玻璃层之间被引入,并且现场硬化处理(如通过热或紫外线辐射),以制成塑料夹层。现场浇铸方法对于层压玻璃窗板产品而言不是优选的方法,因为层叠板的机械和断裂性能不适合使用在窗户、门或银幕上。
常常优选提供具有改进所述层叠板的实用性的装置,如指示器、光源或传感器的层压玻璃窗板。US3,317,906公开了一种结合在其内的仪器指示器装置的改进的安全层叠板。所公开的指示器装置包括具有电磁驱动的指针和分度尺的机械装置,所述装置位于以圆形间隔设置在塑料夹层内的一对层叠板之间。
比上述的加强机械装置更灵敏的装置也设置在层压玻璃窗板内,以便再次提高所述层叠板的实用性。
US4,968,895公开了一种层叠玻璃,其以光电二极管厚度的形式结合这种灵敏装置,以便在层叠板的塑料夹层内适应有意产生的凹口。这就启发了光电二极管应该位于玻璃的其中一个边缘附近的夹层内,以允许用于连接到电路上的二极管导线延伸超过玻璃边缘。
通过在所述的层叠板内设置一个或多个发光二极管(“LEDs”),以按所需要求提供一种具有改进的实用性的层压玻璃窗板,并且还需要提供一种用于将一个或多个发光二极管结合在层压玻璃窗板内道简单和有效的方法。
令人惊奇的是,发明者公开了安装在电路板上且在两层玻璃层之间层叠的一个或多个发光二极管,其能够适合层压过程。
因此,本发明提供一种层压玻璃窗板,其包括两层玻璃层、一层塑料层以及在所述玻璃层之间层叠的一个或多个发光二极管,其中所述的一个或多个发光二极管安装在电路板上。
安装在电路板上的一个或多个发光二极管优选形成一个发光二极管装置。令人惊奇的是,这种发光二极管装置(“LED装置”)能够适合层压过程,因为发光二极管和通常复杂、精细通路的电路在高温和高压的情况下经常易于出现故障机理。例如,杂散水分的沸腾或气孔或气泡的扩散,以及在热膨胀系数之间的不协调都能够断开电路,或损坏发光二极管装置。
由于许多原因,因此最好层叠发光二极管装置。发光二极管可以作为指示装置使用,可以产生多种波长的相当强烈的光。例如,当板作为窗户使用,且指示装置相对于外部照明而言可视的情况下,光的强度非常重要,而且,发光二极管具有很长的使用寿命,其比得上层压玻璃窗板的预期使用寿命。另外,层叠发光二极管装置,特别是具有安装在电路板上的多个发光二极管,可以省去连接到每个发光二极管上的多条电路的要求,这种要求是很普通的;更确切地说,经由合适的连接装置将单条电路连接到电路板上,完全可以为发光二极管供电。
一个或多个发光二极管安装在电路板上,所述电路板优选包括具有基片和传导层的柔性电路板。
可以安装一个或多个发光二极管,并且可以在柔性电路板上进行电连接,而不会对它们进行变动。令人惊奇的是,这些发光二极管装置(常常具有易损的电路)也能适合层压过程,尽管存在一些问题,如增塑剂的沸腾,但可能会引起发光二极管装置中的一个或多个构件的断路,或者是一个或多个发光二极管本身失效(依赖于层叠的特定情况)。
柔性电路板的材料应该很好地附着于层叠夹层,以防止层压玻璃窗板的总体减小。因此可以优选不易受湿气的影响或不可渗透湿气的材料,因为任何电路板材料均有可能将湿气传递至层叠制品,然后改变夹层材料的强度、粘合性能和溶解气体的能力。
在柔性电路板中所包括的基片优选为聚合材料。尤其是,为了此目的常常使用两种材料,也就是聚酰亚胺和聚酯。聚酰亚胺通常是黄褐色,其使用起来很有利,因为它能够抵抗焊接过程,一个或多个发光二极管可以通过焊接过程连接到传导层上。聚酯可以是透明或半透明的,因为电路板具有高的光传输和低能见度,所以可以优选聚酯。然而,当使用焊接来将一个或多个发光二极管结合到传导层上时,因为聚酯倾向于裂解,所以优选使用传导粘合剂。
传导层优选是粘附到基片上的金属箔片。所述金属箔片通常为结合到基片上的铜金属箔片,随后被腐蚀,以产生所需的电路通道。可以使用聚酯膜,丙烯酸膜和环氧树脂来将金属箔片结合到基片上;粘附常常需要足够的热和压力(其中热和压力中的每个参数均在根据具体情况确定)。一旦腐蚀,基片上的金属箔片通道可以被材料层,如聚酯、丙烯酸或环氧树脂进一步覆盖和绝缘。
直接接触基片的传导油墨是另一种形式的材料,其可以使用来形成传导层。传导油墨可以沉积在基片上,例如在丝网印刷法中。传导油墨可能难以焊接,所以常常使用聚酯基片(已经优选传导粘结剂,如在前面论述过的,用于一个或多个发光二极管的结合)。
柔性电路板优选还包括刚性层,其可以通过增加所述电路板的厚度为电路板提供额外的刚性。可以使用许多刚性材料的任何一种,其包括金属薄板,酚醛纸薄板和玻璃薄板或环氧树脂薄板。
柔性电路板优选向外延伸超过层压玻璃窗板的边缘,以使能够将电路板连接到电源上。然而,电路板可以选择终止在层压玻璃窗板内,在此其可以连接到电流载体上或与电流载体电接触,所述电流载体与玻璃窗为一个整体,例如导电板,或金属或传导金属氧化物的薄表面涂层,其本身连接到电源上或与电源电接触。
依赖于层压玻璃窗板预期的使用,许多发光二极管可以安装在电路板上。许多发光二极管(例如成列布置)允许文本或其它相当复杂的信息显示在板上。作为可选择的方案,发光二极管可以围绕层压玻璃窗板的外周的部分或全部设置,以便为了安全或审美原因而提供板的经装饰的轮廓线。为了提高这种板的实用性,板还可以包括在至少一层上的标记,以传输与发光二极管有关的信息,或者当层压玻璃窗板已完成时,改变装置的外观。
塑料夹层可以包括其内的切口,以帮助安装在玻璃窗板内的电路板上的一个或多个发光二极管成功的层叠。优选使用多层塑料层来层叠安装在玻璃窗板内的电路板上的一个或多个发光二极管。在三层用于层叠的情况下,其中间层设有切口。
一个或多个发光二极管和电路板可以至少部分涂有与塑料层兼容的材料。在单层塑料层用于层叠和设置切口的情况下,发光二极管装置上的涂层易于将装置粘附在周围的塑料层上,并确保在两层之间的连接的低能见度,而且易于直接将发光二极管粘附到邻近的玻璃层。在三层塑料层用于层叠和中间层设有切口的情况下,发光二极管装置上的涂层易于将装置粘附在周围的塑料层上,并确保在两层之间的连接的低能见度,而且易于直接将发光二极管粘附到邻近的塑料层,并且补偿在发光二极管装置本身和中间塑料层之间任何不够的相对厚度。因此发光二极管装置更优选涂有与塑料层的材料相似的材料。
塑料层通常包括聚乙烯醇缩乙醛,优选为聚乙烯丁缩醛(polyvinylbutyral)。塑料层在层叠之前优选具有2mm或更薄的厚度,塑料层在层叠之前更优选具有1mm或更薄厚度,最优选为0.8mm。发光二极管装置的厚度一般小于塑料层的厚度,以便其在层叠之后基本上密封。因为这种薄的塑料层能够构造薄的层叠,因此很有利。层压玻璃窗板的厚度优选为8mm或更薄。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种用于加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,所述层压玻璃窗板包括在玻璃层之间交错的塑料层,并且使所述的层进行层叠,其中在层叠之前,在塑料层内预留切口区,以容纳电路板,一个或多个发光二极管安装在所述电路板上,所述电路板和一个或多个发光二极管一起至少部分涂有与塑料层的材料兼容的材料,所述电路板定位在塑料层内的切口区。
在另一方面,本发明也提供一种用于加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,所述层压玻璃窗板包括使两层塑料层成对,在上部塑料层内预留切口区,以容纳电路板,一个或多个发光二极管安装在所述电路板上,在切口区定位所述电路板,连接另一塑料层和成对的塑料层,从而形成复合层,在两玻璃层之间交错复合层并层叠所述的层。
切口区的大小与发光二极管装置的大小相近;在尺寸上的准确偏差大为为0.5mm。
本发明的另一方面描述的电路板和一个或多个发光二极管优选至少部分涂有与塑料层的材料兼容的材料,另外优选涂有与塑料层的材料相同的材料。
通常,一个或多个发光二极管安装所在的涂敷电路板的整个厚度可与被定位的塑料层的厚度相比较。许多发光二极管的厚度大为为500um,但是柔性电路板的平均厚度为200um,因而发光二极管装置在最厚的部分可以达到0.7mm。塑料层常常为聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(“PVB”),虽然要求层的厚度为0.25mm和0.38mm,但是塑料层的厚度一般为0.76mm。
本发明的层压玻璃窗板具有许多用途,其包括用在窗户(特别是汽车车窗)、门或银幕上。发光二极管能够使层压玻璃窗板具有各种功能。这些功能例如包括:照明,发光二极管,其作为标记传输信号或通过限定图像(包括可移动的图像)提供审美功能,以及传感器,其包括湿度传感器(例如,光学湿度传感器)和近程式传感器。
本发明通过下面的附图示出,但是不仅仅限于此,其中:图1示出了在层压玻璃窗板中层叠的发光二极管装置的剖面,图2示出了安装在柔性电路板上的发光二极管的平面图,以及图3示出了当其一旦安装在电路板且在层压玻璃窗板中层叠时,用作为标记的发光二极管的布置。
图1示出了具有发光二极管装置4的层压玻璃窗板1,其包括安装在柔性电路板3上的发光二极管2,所述层压玻璃窗板1在上玻璃层5和下玻璃层6之间进行层叠。所述发光二极管装置4定位在聚乙烯丁缩醛层7内。通过在连接区域8将电连接器(未示出)连接到玻璃窗板1外侧区域的柔性电路板3上,实现发光二极管装置的电连接。
图2更详细地示出了在层叠之前的发光二极管装置4。发光二极管2安装在柔性电路板3(由Nitto UK Ltd供应)上的传导路径9上。所述柔性电路板3可以在连接区域8处连接到电源(未示出)上。
图3示出了可以设置在车辆(如卡车)挡风玻璃上的标记性的例子。根据本发明,每个示例的标记结合在挡风玻璃内层叠的一个或多个发光二极管。图3(a)示出了两个5列、7行的发光二极管11,12。使用适当的电寻址和测定的汽车速度,所述行列指示汽车的速度,由数字30表示。图3(b)示出了表示油的印刷标记13。当其点燃时,发光二极管2提供低油警告。图3(c)示出了表示燃料的印刷标记。当其点燃时,发光二极管2提供低燃料警告。图3(d)示出了表示锁的印刷标记。当其点燃时,发光二极管2提供车辆已经锁上的指示。图3(e)示出了表示车辆警报器的印刷标记。当其点燃时,发光二极管2提供车辆警报器运行的指示。
在警报器或警告标记的情况下,要求闪烁发光二极管,以吸引使用者的注意。标记的印刷(即图形)部分可以印刷到层叠的玻璃表面的任何地方或电路板的表面。
柔性电路板以多种形式制成多种传导路径层和绝缘基片层。所述发光二极管优选比塑料层更薄,因而优选薄1mm左右。合适的发光二极管能够从商业产品中获得,例如为红色、绿色、黄色、橙色、橙红色和深红色(例如来自Brea,CA,USA的Idea,Inc.)。
按如下的方式加工本发明的层压玻璃窗板。PVB层7涂抹在玻璃层5上。相应于柔性电路板3的形状的部分或全部切口制作在PVB层7内。涂有PVB材料的柔性电路板3具有安装在其上的一个或多个发光二极管2,并且定位于PVB层7的切口内。第二玻璃层6涂抹在PVB层7的顶部。在现有技术已知的通常情况下,即一般温度大约为100℃至150℃,压力大约为5至15个大气压的情况下,所述层叠被脱气并热压处理。
可选择的加工方法包括通过将它们碾压在一起而使两层PVB层7对接。所述层基本上共同延伸。所述两层涂抹在玻璃层5上。相应于柔性电路板3的形状的部分或全部切口制作在上层PVB层7内。柔性电路板3具有安装在其上的一个或多个发光二极管2,并且定位于上层PVB层7的切口内。另一PVB层7位于两层PVB层7的顶部。第二玻璃层6位于PVB层7的顶部。在现有技术已知的通常情况下,即一般温度大约为100℃至150℃,压力大约为5至15个大气压的情况下,所述层叠被脱气并热压处理。
Claims (19)
1.一种层压玻璃窗板,其包括两层玻璃层、一层塑料层以及在玻璃层之间进行层叠的一个或多个发光二极管,其中所述一个或多个发光二极管安装在电路板上。
2.如权利要求1所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中所述电路板包括具有基片和传导层的柔性电路板。
3.如权利要求2所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中基片包括聚酰亚胺。
4.如权利要求2所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中基片包括聚酯。
5.如权利要求2-4任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中传导层为粘附到基片上的金属箔片。
6.如权利要求2-4任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中传导层为直接接触基片的传导油墨。
7.如权利要求2-6任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中柔性电路板还包括刚性层。
8.如权利要求2-7任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中柔性电路板优选向外延伸超过层压玻璃窗板的边缘,以使能够将电路板连接到电源上。
9.如上述权利要求任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中还包括在至少一层上的标记。
10.如上述权利要求任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中塑料层包括其内的切口,以帮助安装在玻璃窗板内的电路板上的一个或多个发光二极管成功地层叠。
11.如上述权利要求任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中使用多层塑料层来层叠安装在玻璃窗板内的电路板上的一个或多个发光二极管。
12.如权利要求11或12所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中一个或多个发光二极管和电路板至少部分涂有与塑料层兼容的材料。
13.如上述权利要求任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中塑料层在层叠之前具有2mm或更薄的厚度。
14.如上述权利要求任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板,其中层压玻璃窗板的厚度为8mm或更薄。
15.一种用于加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,所述层压玻璃窗板包括在玻璃层之间交错的塑料层,并且使所述的层进行层叠,其中在层叠之前,在塑料层内预留切口区,以容纳电路板,一个或多个发光二极管安装在所述电路板上,所述电路板和一个或多个发光二极管一起至少部分涂有与塑料层的材料兼容的材料,所述电路板定位在塑料层内的切口区中。
16.一种用于加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,包括:使两层塑料层成对;在上部塑料层内预留切口区,以容纳电路板,一个或多个发光二极管安装在所述电路板上;在切口区定位所述电路板;连接另一塑料层和成对的塑料层,从而形成复合层;在两玻璃层之间交错复合层并层叠所述的层。
17.如权利要求16所述的用于加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,其中所述电路板和一个或多个发光二极管至少部分涂有与塑料层的材料兼容的材料。
18.如权利要求15或17所述的用于加工层压玻璃窗板的方法,其中一个或多个发光二极管安装所在的涂敷电路板的整个厚度可与被定位的塑料层的厚度相比较。
19.如权利要求1-14任一项所述的层压玻璃窗板的用途,其使用在窗户、门或银幕上。
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| CN111225793B (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2023-07-18 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 复合玻璃板及其制造方法 |
| CN111225793A (zh) * | 2018-09-25 | 2020-06-02 | 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 | 复合玻璃板及其制造方法 |
| CN112770905B (zh) * | 2018-10-09 | 2022-09-23 | 大众汽车股份公司 | 用于车辆的防护玻璃 |
| CN112770905A (zh) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-05-07 | 大众汽车股份公司 | 用于车辆的防护玻璃 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2005533737A (ja) | 2005-11-10 |
| EP1534513B1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
| WO2004009349A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
| BRPI0312740B1 (pt) | 2015-12-15 |
| GB0216787D0 (en) | 2002-08-28 |
| ATE504437T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
| AU2003254467A1 (en) | 2004-02-09 |
| US20050238857A1 (en) | 2005-10-27 |
| JP4538318B2 (ja) | 2010-09-08 |
| EP1534513A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
| US8613997B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
| BR0312740A (pt) | 2005-04-26 |
| DE60336656D1 (de) | 2011-05-19 |
| CN1668461B (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
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