CN1277470C - 农药组合物 - Google Patents
农药组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1277470C CN1277470C CNB981011977A CN98101197A CN1277470C CN 1277470 C CN1277470 C CN 1277470C CN B981011977 A CNB981011977 A CN B981011977A CN 98101197 A CN98101197 A CN 98101197A CN 1277470 C CN1277470 C CN 1277470C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- acid
- methacrylate
- composition
- vinyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 ethene alcohol ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 19
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004890 (C1-C6) alkylamino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iso-butene Natural products CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uracil Chemical compound O=C1C=CNC(=O)N1 ISAKRJDGNUQOIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chlorate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O YZHUMGUJCQRKBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-vinylpyridine Chemical class C=CC1=CC=CC=N1 KGIGUEBEKRSTEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010148 water-pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PBGPBHYPCGDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylpiperidin-2-one Chemical class C=CN1CCCCC1=O PBGPBHYPCGDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DXCJRBVVRJYMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.O=C1CCCN1 DXCJRBVVRJYMQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XHULUQRDNLRXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-ethenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-id-4-one Chemical compound C(=C)N1[CH-]OCC1=O XHULUQRDNLRXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000843 anti-fungal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BSDQITJYKQHXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl prop-2-eneperoxoate Chemical compound COOC(=O)C=C BSDQITJYKQHXQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940035893 uracil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 5
- 125000006528 (C2-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000006686 (C1-C24) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenylazepan-2-one Chemical compound C=CN1CCCCCC1=O JWYVGKFDLWWQJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000544031 Lagarosiphon major Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001448 anilines Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- FXPGYAXCQYSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpropanamide Chemical compound CC(C)C(=O)NCO FXPGYAXCQYSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 26
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000005590 Oxyfluorfen Substances 0.000 description 11
- OQMBBFQZGJFLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxyfluorfen Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(OCC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 OQMBBFQZGJFLBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical group COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 6
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229940117958 vinyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tebufenozide Chemical compound C1=CC(CC)=CC=C1C(=O)NN(C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 5
- DGZIMLVEXGVYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CC(O)COC(=O)C=C DGZIMLVEXGVYDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RPJFNCJOHJCEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C1=CC=CC=C1)#N.N1C=CC=C1 Chemical class C(C1=CC=CC=C1)#N.N1C=CC=C1 RPJFNCJOHJCEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000361 pesticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- IPPAUTOBDWNELX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl) 5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate Chemical group C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)OCC(=O)OCC)=CC(OC=2C(=CC(=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)Cl)=C1 IPPAUTOBDWNELX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- WWCACEIOAGPSDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-3-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(CC)OC(=O)C(C)=C WWCACEIOAGPSDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triazamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CSC1=NC(C(C)(C)C)=NN1C(=O)N(C)C NKNFWVNSBIXGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing ingredients stabilising the active ingredients
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及农药组合物，其中至少组合物的一种组分是能降低组合物中农药活性组分结晶度的聚合物。本发明也提供一种能降低农药活性组分的结晶度的方法和一种控制害虫的方法，其包括将含聚合物的组合物施用于害虫。
Description
本发明涉及农药组合物，其中至少一种组合物组分是聚合物材料，其能降低组合物中农药活性组分的结晶度。本发明也提供降低农药活性组分结晶度的方法。
在农药活性组分制剂中，主要困难之一是维持活性组分的非结晶形态。例如，因为为了合适地制备活性组分，结晶结构必须降低，所以结晶活性组分的存在使某些类型制剂的制备更困难。降低晶体活性组分的结晶结构的方法如碾碎、研磨或溶解于溶剂中常常费钱费时。而且，使用某些活性组分不能制备某种农药制剂，因为活性组分从制剂中结晶出来。也可观察到某种活性组分的效果因其以结晶状态存在而降低了。因此，一直需要活性组分结晶度降低的农药组合物。
美国专利3,131,119公开了一类可溶于有机溶剂的聚合物，具有亲水亲油基团平衡值，有利于在油系统中分散不溶于水的二硫代氨基甲酸金属盐。聚合物具有非极性-极性平衡值的亲水亲油部分并有溶解度7.7至8.3。
我们已发现这样的聚合物以及有大范围溶解度的相关聚合物对降低许多农药活性组分的结晶度非常有效。向活性组分或活性组分制剂添加0.01％至40％重量的聚合物显示了这种降低。此本发明提供了一种农药组合物，其含有a)一种或多种农药和b)0.01％至40％重量的一种或多种溶于油的聚合物，其中聚合物溶解度6.9至9.0并且有亲油性或亲水和亲油性，其中农药可溶于至少下列物质之一：1)制备聚合物的单体；2)与所述聚合物大约相同比例的单体单元组合物的寡聚物；3)所述聚合物和4)所述聚合物和有机溶剂的溶液。
在第二个实施方案中，本发明提供了一种降低农药结晶度的方法，包括将一种或多种农药与0.01至40％重量的一种或多种溶于油的聚合物有效混合，其中聚合物溶解度6.9至9.0，并且有亲油性或亲水亲油性。
另外的实施方案中，本发明提供控制害虫的方法，包括向害虫，害虫的食源或害虫的居住场所施用组合物，该组合物包含：1)一种或多种农药和b)相对于组合物总重量的0.01％至40％重量的一种或多种溶于油的聚合物，其来自至少一种单乙烯化的未饱和可聚合单体，所述聚合物的溶解度为6.9至9.0，并且有亲油性或亲水亲油性，其中农药可溶于至少下列物质之一：1)制备所述聚合物的单体；2)与所述聚合物大约相同比例的单体单元组合物的寡聚物；3)所述聚合物和4)所述聚合物与有机溶剂的溶液。
根据所存在的具体的活性组分，本发明的聚合物以占组合物约0.01％至约40％的浓度时有效的。一般地占组合物0.01％至5％的聚合物能降低活性组分的结晶度。在优选条件下占组合物0.01％至2％的聚合物很有效。
术语“农药”和“活性组分”指为了消灭包括昆虫的害虫、杂草、真菌和相关有机体的化学品。本发明的农药组合物可以纯活性组分，工业级活性组分即在一般地制备方法中得到的浓缩物中的活性组分或用一种或多种农业上可接受的载体配制的活性组分存在。术语“农业可接受载体”指能用于帮助组合物中的活性组分分散在水、油或在用于控制害虫的制剂如粉剂中，而不损害活性组分的有效性而且其自身对土壤、仪器，需要的植物或农业环境没有不利影响的任何物质。如需要，助剂如表面活性剂，稳定剂，消泡剂和抗漂浮剂也可混合在制剂中。农药可占组合物重量的0.01％至99.9％。当农药是纯活性组分或工业级活性组分时，尽可能维持高百分比的活性组分是需要的。当配制时，农药优选占农药组合物重量的5至90％。当组合物包括一种溶剂时，在室温或农药和聚合物混合时的温度下，当组合物中含有有机溶剂时，在这种有机溶剂中，优选农药的溶解度大于1％重量百分比。优选农药熔点低于150℃或如果熔点大于150℃时，其在熔点是稳定的。水溶性盐的农药与本发明的聚合物不形成稳定的组合物。
某些应用中，含本发明组合物的制剂中可混和两种或多种农药，因此可提供额外的优点和效果，包括如果与各个农药以单独组合物应用相比，较少的总农药用量。当使用农药混和物时，组合物中每种的相对比例将根据每种农药对要处理的害虫的相对有效性和所需使用量以及所选择的聚合物效果。本领域技术人员认识到农药混和物可提供一些优点如比单独使用一种农药有广谱的活性。
可用于本发明组合物的的农药实例包括：(1)杀真菌剂如，
(a)硝基苯酚衍生物如敌螨普、乐杀螨和碳酸异丙基2-仲丁基-4，6-二硝基苯基酯；
(b)杂环结构如克菌丹/灭菌丹，绿果定，二噻农，克杀螨，苯菌灵，涕必灵，乙烯菌核刘，异菌脲，二甲菌核利，三唑醇，三唑酮，双苯三唑醇，氟氯菌核利，嘧菌醇，放线菌酮，乙菌定，吗菌定，灭螨猛；以及quinomethionate；
(c)各种卤代杀真菌剂如四氯对醌，二氯萘醌，地茂散，氯硝胺和多氯硝基苯；
(d)杀真菌解毒剂如灰黄霉素，春雷霉素和链霉素；
(e)其它各类杀真菌剂如二苯基砜，多果定，methoxyl，1-硫氰基-2，4-二硝基苯，1-苯基硫代氨基脲，甲基托布津和霜脲氰；
以及酰基丙氨酸如呋霜灵，酯菌胺，甲呋酰胺，苯霜灵和恶霜灵；氟啶胺，flumetover，苯基苯甲酰胺衍生物如在EP 578586A1中公开的，氨基酸衍生物如在EP 550788A1中公开的缬氨酸衍生物，甲氧丙烯酸酯如(E)-2-(2-(6-(2-氰基苯氧基)嘧啶-4-基氧)苯基)-3-甲氧丙烯酸甲酯；苯并(1，2，3)噻二唑-7-硫代羧酸S-甲酯：霜霉威，抑霉唑，多菌灵，腈菌唑，苯腈唑，十三吗啉，吡嘧磷，氯苯嘧啶醇，拌种咯，和pyrimethanil，
(2)除草剂，如(a)羧酸衍生物，包括苯甲酸及其盐；苯氧和苯基取代的羧酸和其盐；三氯乙酸和其盐；
(b)氨基甲酸衍生物，包括N，N-二(正丙基)硫代氨基甲酸乙酯和丙酰胺；
(c)取代脲；
(d)取代三嗪；
(e)二苯基醚衍生物如乙氧氟草醚和乙羧草醚；
(f)苯胺如敌稗；
(g)氧苯氧基除草剂；
(h)尿嘧啶类；
(i)腈类和
(j)其它有机除草剂如氟硫草定和thiazopyr；以及
(3)杀虫剂包括乙酰甲胺磷；涕灭威；甲体氯氰菊酯，保棉磷，乐杀螨，噻嗪酮，西维因，呋喃丹，毒死蜱，四螨嗪，三环锡，氯氰菊酯，溴氰菊酯，三氯东螨醇，除虫脲，乐果，消螨普，硫丹，因毒磷，高氰或菊酯乙硫苯威，乙硫磷，益果，灭克磷，苯丁锡，双氧威，丰索磷，氟螨脲，氟虫脲，丁苯硫磷，噻螨酮，甲胺磷，杀扑磷，灭梭威，灭多威，甲基一六○五，兹克威，杀线威，二氯苯醚菊酯，伏杀磷，亚胺硫磷，猛杀威，哒螨酮，苄呋菊酯，鱼藤酮，tebufenozide，硫双灭多威，triazamate和蚜灭多。
用于本发明组合物的聚合物可以是共聚物或均聚物，包括接枝，嵌段，星状，随机和各种组合物聚合物，其可溶于有机溶剂或植物，矿物或合成油中，并有亲油或亲水亲油性。亲油性由含平均8个碳原子优选平均12个或更多碳原子但至多24碳原子的烃基提供。聚合物可含这些基团和较少碳原子的基团的混和物。在油基系统中，聚合物将优选含平均8个碳原子的基团。亲水性由醚基团，羰基，羧基，羧基酯基团，醇基，酰胺基团和其硫代类似物以及氨基提供。氨基N和酰胺N可以为伯，仲或叔。氮取代基可包括开链或环状基团，其可包括例如，烷基，环烷基，苯基，苄基，氨基烷基，苯氧基烷基，羟基烷基，烷氧基烷基，烷氧基乙氧乙基，烷氧基丙氧丙基，烷氧基聚乙氧乙基，苯甲氧基乙氧乙基，苯氧基聚乙氧乙基，或相似的含聚醚的基团。聚合物可包括多于一种的这些亲水取代基。
亲油性必须充分保证聚合物在有机溶剂或油中的溶解性。所需的亲水性将主要根据农药的性质。
本发明中的聚合物的亲油性由一个或多个下述这一类的乙烯基未饱和单体有例如丙烯酸酯，异丁烯酸酯，富马酸酯，马来酸酯或衣康酸酯中的甲基，丁基，己基，辛基，癸基，月桂基，十四烷基，十六烷基，硬脂酰，二十烷基或二十四烷基，或由羧酸乙烯酯中的至少八个碳原子的烷基基团提供。根据具体的活性组分，来自这些长链酯本身的聚合物或共聚物可能不具备必需的亲水/亲油或极性平衡值。这时，在聚合分子或共聚物中也必须存在一种另外的极性或亲水取代基，这种取代基具有足够的极性或具有足够的比例产生必需的极性平衡。另一种合适的乙烯基未饱和单体是乙烯基芳族单体，其包括例如苯乙烯，α-甲基苯乙烯，乙烯基甲苯，邻-，对-，间甲苯，乙基乙烯苯，乙烯萘和乙烯二甲苯。乙烯基芳族单体也可包括其相应的取代对应物，例如卤代衍生物，即含一个或多个卤素基团，如氟，氯或溴；和硝基，氰基，烷氧基，卤代烷基，烷酯基，羧基，氨基和烷氨基衍生物。其它合适的乙烯基未饱和单体包括乙烯和取代乙烯单体，例如：α-链烯如丙烯，异丁烯和长链烷基α-链烯(如C10-C20烷基α-链烯)；乙烯醇酯如乙酸乙烯酯，硬脂酸乙烯酯；乙烯卤代物如氯乙烯，氟乙烯，溴乙烯，二氯乙烯，二氟乙烯和二溴乙烯；和乙烯腈如丙烯腈和异丁烯腈。
优选的一类丙烯酸和异丁烯酸衍生物(下文称为甲基丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酰胺)代表物为甲基丙烯烷基酯，取代甲基丙烯酸酯，和取代的丙烯酰胺和取代的甲基丙烯酰胺单体。每种单体可以是一个单体或在烷基部分有不同碳原子的混合物。单体优选甲基丙烯酸(C1-C24)烷基酯，丙烯酸羟基(C2-C6)烷基酯，丙烯酸二(C1-C6)烷氨基(C2-C6)烷基酯和丙烯酸二(C1-C6)烷氨基(C2-C6)烷酰胺。每种单体的烷基部分可以是直链的或支链的。
用于本发明的尤其优选的聚合物是聚甲基丙烯酸酯，其衍生自甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体的聚合。烷基基团含1到6个碳原子的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯单体的实例是甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)，丙烯酸甲酯和乙酯，甲基丙烯酸丙酯，甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)，甲基丙烯酸异丁酯(IBMA)，甲基丙烯酸己酯和环己酯，丙烯酸环己酯和其混合物。烷基部分含7至15个碳原子的甲基丙烯酸烷酯单体的实例是丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(EHA)，甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯，甲基丙烯酸辛酯，甲基丙烯酸癸酯，甲基丙烯酸异癸酯(IDMA，基于支链C10烷基异构体混合物)，甲基丙烯酸十一酯，甲基丙烯酸十二酯(也称为甲基丙烯酸月桂酯)，甲基丙烯酸十三酯，甲基丙烯酸十四酯(也称为甲基丙烯肉豆蔻酯)，甲基丙烯酸十五酯和它们的混合物。下列物质也是有用的：甲基丙烯酸十二酯-十五酯(DPMA)，其为十二基，十三基，十四基和十五基的直链和支链异构体的甲基丙烯酸酯的混合物；以及甲基丙烯酸月桂-肉豆蔻酯(LMA)，为甲基丙烯酸十二和十四酯混合物。优选的甲基丙烯酸烷酯是甲基丙烯酸月桂-肉豆蔻酯，甲基丙烯酸十二-十五酯和甲基丙烯酸异癸酯。烷基部分含16至24个碳原子的甲基丙烯酸烷酯单体的实例是甲基丙烯酸十六酯(即甲基丙烯酸鲸蜡酯)，甲基丙烯酸十七酯，甲基丙烯酸十八酯(即甲基丙烯酸硬酯)，甲基丙烯酸十九酯，甲基丙烯酸二十酯，甲基丙烯酸二十二酯和它们的混合物。下列物质也是有用的：甲基丙烯酸十六-二十酯(CEMA)，为甲基丙烯酸十六酯，十八酯，二十酯的混合物；甲基丙烯酸十六-十八酯(SMA)，为甲基丙烯酸十六酯和十八酯的混合物。优选的甲基丙烯酸C16-C24酯是甲基丙烯酸十六-二十酯和甲基丙烯酸十六-十八酯。
上述的甲基丙烯酸C7-C24烷酯单体通常使用工业级长链脂族醇由标准的酯化方法制备。这些商业上可得的醇是在烷基部分含10到15或16到20个碳原子的各种链长的醇的混合物。因此，为实现本发明的目的，甲基丙烯酸烷基酯可包括单独的所述的甲基丙烯酸烷基酯也可包括甲基丙烯酸烷基酯与大量的所述的具体甲基丙烯酸烷酯的混合物。使用这些商业可得的醇混合物制备甲基丙烯酸酯得到上述的LMA，DPMA，SMA和CRMA单体。在本发明的制备过程中所用的优选的甲基丙烯酸衍生物是异丁烯酸甲酯，异丁丙烯酸丁酯，异丁烯酸异癸酯，异丁烯酸月桂-肉豆蔻酯，异丁烯酸十二-十五烷酯，异丁烯酸鲸蜡-二十烷酯和异丁烯酸鲸蜡-硬脂酯。
为了本发明的目的，表示来自上述单体的单体组合物的共聚物组合物可用这里所述的方法制备。例如甲基丙烯酸烷基单体和乙烯芳基单体如苯乙烯的共聚物；甲基丙烯酸烷酯单体和取代的甲基丙烯酰胺单体的共聚物如N，N-二甲基氨基丙基异丁酰胺；甲基丙烯酸烷酯单体和含氮环状化合物单体的共聚物如N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮；乙酸乙烯酯与富马酸和其衍生物的共聚物；甲基丙烯酸和其盐与马来酸和其盐的共聚物。
向均聚物提供有效极性平衡的单体的实例包括异丁烯酸-N-叔十二基氨乙基酯和异丁烯酸-N-叔烷基氨乙基酯，其中叔烷基是C9-C21的基团。
这些相同类型的单体也可用于与其它共聚用单体形成共聚物，而不管其性质是亲脂还是亲水。提供亲水平衡的典型的共聚用单体包括低级烷基的丙烯酸酯，异丁烯酸酯，衣康酸酯，富马酸酯或马来酸酯和相应的可聚合的乙烯未饱和单体，其中烷基部分不超过C6并优选C1-C4。
烷氧聚乙氧乙基的丙烯酸酯和异丁烯酸酯也可提供极性基团。在这些醚酯中的烷氧基可由烷氨基，烷硫基或酰氧基代替。乙烯基乙酸酯，丙酸酯和丁酸酯是形成共聚物的相似的极性酯基团。含氮基团如氨基，酰胺，亚胺基和杂环，也可提供极性。为此目的的典型的共聚物包括二甲基氨乙基或二甲基氨丙基的丙烯酸酯或异丁烯酸酯，丙烯酰胺，异丁烯酰胺，乙烯吡啶，如2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡啶，或4-或2-乙烯吡啶，N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺，N-羟甲基异丁烯酰胺或N-甲基丙烯酰胺，相应的极性基团可由带有亚乙烯基的内酰胺提供，如N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮，N-乙烯基哌啶酮，N-乙烯基己内酰胺，和异丁烯酸2-吡咯烷酮基乙酯。恶唑烷衍生物如N-乙烯基恶唑烷酮或N-(异丁烯酰氧乙基)恶唑啉酮也可使用。
烷基异丁烯酯和丙烯酸酯单体的实例中，烷基部分有一个或多个羟基，尤其优选羟基在烷基的b-位置(2-位)。优选的羟基烷基异丁烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯单体是取代烷基是支链或非支链的C2-C6烷基。适用于本发明的羟基烷酯异丁烯酸酯和丙烯酯单体是异丁烯酸2-羟乙酯(HEMA)，丙烯酸2-羟乙酯，丙烯酸2-羟丙酯，异丁烯酸1-甲基-2-羟乙酯，丙烯酸2-羟丙酯，丙烯酸1-甲基-2-羟乙酯，丙烯酸2-羟丙酯，丙烯酸1-甲基-2-羟乙酯，异丁烯酸2-羟丁酯和丙烯酸2-羟丁酯。优选的羟烷基异丁烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯单体是HEMA，异丁烯酸1-甲基-2-羟乙酯和异丙烯酸2-羟丙酯。后两个单体的混合物通常指异丁烯酸羟丙酯或HPMA，其中更优选异丁烯酸羟烷酯，正如每个HPMA组分。
本发明的聚合物和共聚物在聚合引发剂的存在下通过混合合适的单体制备，可以使用或不用溶剂，以及任意的链转移剂。反应能在惰性气氛中搅拌进行，温度约60至140℃，优选115至125℃。一般地，反应是放热的，升至聚合温度115-120℃。反应通常进行约4到10小时或达到所需的聚合温度。现有技术认识到，反应的时间和温度依靠引发剂的选择并能因此变化。
用于聚合物引发剂是任何已知的产生自由基化合物，如过氧化物，过氧化氢和偶氮过氧化物，它们包括过氧化乙酰，过氧化苯甲酰，过氧化月桂酰叔丁基过氧化异丁酸酯，己酰过氧化物，枯烯过氧化氢，1，1-二(叔丁基过氧基)-3，3，5-三甲基环己烷，偶氮二异丁腈和过辛酸叔丁酯。引发剂浓度一般在0.025％和1％之间，其基于单体总重量，更优选0.05到0.25％。链转移剂也加入到聚合反应中控制聚合物的分子重量。当其使用时，优选的链转移剂是烷硫醇如月桂(十二烷基)硫醇，使用浓度约0.1至3％重量百分比。
聚合物可在存在或没有溶剂的条件下进行。适用于聚合过程并用于制备浓缩物的溶剂是烃，芳烃，如苯，甲苯，二甲苯和芳香石脑油，氯代烃如二氯乙烷，酯如丙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯，酮如N-甲基吡咯烷酮，以及石油，植物油和合成油。
聚合之后，得到的聚合物溶液含聚合物约20％至100％重量百分比。聚合物可被分离或直接使用或用溶剂如在聚合中使用的稀释，或者聚合物或稀释溶液能以浓缩物形成使用。以浓缩物形成使用时，聚合物浓度能用另外的稀释剂如有机溶剂或轻矿物油调节成所需的任何浓度。浓缩物中优选的聚合物浓度是30％至70％重量百分比。
本发明的均聚物和共聚物定义为能溶解于有机溶剂或油并具有亲油或亲水亲油性。亲水亲油性能以溶解度参数δ表达，其在Hildebrand的非电解质溶解性，第三版，Reinhold出版公司，纽约(1949)描述过。测定了各种溶剂和各种聚合物的此值，其等于内聚能的平方根。例如参见H.Burrell，Interchemical，Review，14卷，No.1，3-16(1955)。溶解度参数根据Smallr的应用化学杂志，3，71(1953)的计算法估算。它们可根据在已知δ值的一系列溶剂中的聚合物溶解度实验测定。共聚物的溶解度参数能在每种共聚用单体单元的δ值基础上计算，基于其平均重量。表1给出了聚合物和共聚物的一般值。
表1
聚合物和共聚物溶解度参数
| 聚合物 | δ |
| MMA乙酸乙烯酯苯乙烯BMA己基MA辛基MA叔十二氨乙基MAViEHLMA(72％/28％)ViSt异丁烯酸月桂酯富马酸二月桂酯衣康酸二十六酯NVPdiMAEMA2-甲基-5-乙烯基吡啶共聚物组合物(重量百分比)LMA/SMA(65/35) | 9.59.49.19.08.78.58.28.18.07.67.06.86.51210107.7 |
| diLMF/NVP(80/20)BMA/SMA(50/50)MMA/LMA/SMA/NVP(14/51/30/5)BMA/HMA/LMA/SMA(25/15/30/30)BMA/LMA/SMA/diMAEMA(33.5/35/30/1.5)ViSt/ViEH/NVP(31.6/63.2/5.2)BMA/LMA/SMA/NVP(17/45.2/30/7.8)BMA/LMA/SMA/NVP(32/25/35/8) | 7.88.08.08.18.18.18.28.3 |
MA＝异丁烯酸酯
F＝富马酸酯
VNP＝N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮
M＝甲基
B＝丁基
L＝月桂基-肉豆蔻基
S＝鲸蜡基-硬脂基
EH＝2-乙基己酸
Vi＝乙烯基
St＝硬脂酸酯
diMAEMA＝异丁丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯
能得到最大效果的聚合物的最优选的分子量范围将根据活性组分性质改变。可是，使用平均分子量(Mw)从约10,000到2,000,000AMU(由硅胶柱层析(GPC)测定，使用标准物聚(异丁烯酸烷酯)。优选分子量在15,000和500,000AMU之间。更优选的是聚合物分子量在25,000和100,000AMU之间。
为了使聚合物能够改进活性组分结晶度，在活性组分和聚合物之间强的互相作用是重要的。即，活性组分分子与聚合物分子必须均一地混合使它们在分子水平互相作用。这将在各种条件下发生。优选的条件是：1)活性组分溶解于构成聚合物的单体；或2)活性组分溶于寡聚体，包括二聚体，三聚体和其它短链聚合物，其中约相同比例单体单元组合物作为聚合物；或3)活性组分溶解于所述聚合物自身，尤其当活性组分是液体，或4)活性组分和所述聚合物溶解在一个共溶剂中。
另外，可影响活性组分与聚合物混合的几个因素包括混合温度，其它组分的存在和搅拌程度。一般地，混合温度越高，聚合物和活性组分的流动性越高。较高的流动性可促进混合。例如，固体工业级活性组分与大多数聚合物将不能很好混合。可是，如果系统加热至工业级组分的熔融温度，两种组分常常很易混合。第三种组分的存在，如可溶于活性组分和聚合物的溶液或溶剂混合物将帮助阻止活性组分和聚合物之间的相分离并促进混合。第三种组分的数量和种类可改变以达到最优效果。第三种组分可以是一些物质的混合物。如果由于活性组分或聚合物热不稳定问题，加热活性组分和聚合物的混合物不是最优选择，则加入第三种组分尤其重要。最后，在混合方法中使用的机械力量(搅拌率和剪切)可影响混合物的均一。通常，增加在混合方法中使用的搅拌度将促进混合。
当于多于一种的活性组分存在于组合物中时，聚合物的选择变得更困难，因为适用于一种活性组分的最优聚合物可能是对另一种活性组分是不好的选择。可是，使用上述标准选择满意的折衷聚合物或不同聚合物的混合物，但是要另外考虑总活性组分浓度和在最终组合物中存在的各种活性组分比率。
尽管本发明组合物可只含活性组分和聚合物，但将聚合物，活性组分或两者在混合之前或混合过程中溶于溶剂是优选的。当使用时，溶剂可以是任一芳香溶剂或其混合物，如二甲苯或二甲苯混合物，甲苯，苯或烷基苯；酮，如环己酮，甲乙酮，甲丁酮，或甲异丁酮；醇，如甲醇，丙三醇，或乙二醇；酯，如乙酸乙酯，乙酸丙酯乙酸丁酯；和其它有机溶剂，如二甲基甲酰胺，二甲亚砜，四氢呋喃，或N-甲基吡咯烷酮。溶剂的选择将根据所选的具体的活性组分和具体的聚合物。例如，如果活性组分溶于酮，合适的聚合物将是极性的并且也可溶于酮，如短链的乙酸乙烯酯或甲基丙烯酸酯。
另外，本发明的许多组合物将有益于一种或多种表面活性剂的加入。有用的表面活性剂可以为非离子的，阳离子的，阴离子，或两性的。
不是所有的活性组分和聚合物的组合都能提供其中活性组分结晶度减低的组合物。可是，制剂领域的普通技术人员使用上述选择标准将能够选择有限的一组活性组分/聚合物的混合物。
为了农业使用，本发明组合物制剂能通过常规方法如传统的高容量水力喷雾，低容量喷雾，空气鼓风和气雾喷雾以细粉剂，颗粒剂，可湿性粉剂，油基喷雾剂，或水喷雾剂使用。稀释剂和施用量将根据所用仪器类型，所需的施用方法和频率，农药的施用量，所控制的害虫而定。本发明的制剂或稀释的制剂也可含农业上可接受的助剂。这样的助剂包括表面活性剂，分散剂，铺展剂，增粘剂，消泡剂，乳化剂，和其它在McCutcheon的乳化剂和去污剂，McCutcheonr的乳化剂和去污剂/功能性物质，和McCutcheon的功能性物质中所述的相似的物质，所述书均由MC出版公司(纽约)的McCutcheon部出版，每年一期。减低农药结晶度的一个优点是通常所制备的制剂比在缺少聚合物时所制备的可以有更高的农药浓度。
本发明的组合物也能在它们施用前与肥料或肥料物质混合。组合物和肥料物质也能在混合仪器中混合，或者在颗粒制剂中它们能与肥料混合。能使用适合于要处理的作物和杂草的任何相对比例肥料。本发明的组合物通常含有5％至50％肥料组合物。这些组合物提供促进所需植物快速生长同时控制杂草的肥料物质。
实施例
为描述本发明的某些方面提供下面的实施例。除非另有说明，所有百分数是相对组合物总重量的重量百分数。
使用下面的通用方法制备本发明的组合物：
I.在没有溶剂的情况下制备活性组分/聚合物的混合物：
在其熔点或熔点以上温度下稳定的活性组分，可在聚合物存在下熔融。然后使用均化器或能提供一种介质得到高剪切混合率的其它任何仪器将活性组分和聚合物混合物一至五分钟。如需要，混合物可再加热。使用如下的标准制剂制备方法制备活性组分/聚合物的混合物：
乳油：搅拌下在合适的有机溶剂和表面活性剂中溶解活性组分/聚合物的混合物。
可湿性粉剂：将活性组分/聚合物混合物浸渍于惰性固体载体上，然后与其它组分如分散剂，表面活性剂和抗泡沫剂混合制备可湿性粉剂预混物，研磨预混合物得到最后的可湿性粉剂制剂。
含水可流动剂：将活性组分/聚合物混合物浸渍于惰性固体载体上，然后与其它组分如分散剂，表面活性剂，杀生物剂，抗冻剂，消泡剂，增稠剂和水混合。研磨此混合物得到最终的可流动剂。
水可分散性颗粒：使用标准颗粒制备方法如喷雾干燥，锅成粒，或挤压从可湿性粉剂或悬浮剂制备可分散颗粒。
II.在溶剂存在条件下制备活性组分/聚合物混合物：
对于在通常的溶剂中溶解度大于百分之一的活性组分，其与聚合物溶于所选的溶剂或溶剂混合物中并混合。加热混合物通常有助于加速溶解过程并得到活性组分/聚合物的高饱和溶液。对于低熔点活性组分的方法是首先熔化活性组分然后将它与在所选的溶剂或溶剂混合物中的聚合物混合。使用如下的标准制剂制备方法制备活性组分/聚合物/溶剂混合物制剂：
乳油：使用搅拌或均化的方法将活性组分/聚合物/溶剂混合物与所选的表面活性剂，消泡剂和其它组分混合。
可湿性粉剂，悬浮液水溶液或水可分散颗粒：通过蒸发，沉淀从溶剂中分离活性组分/聚合物混合物，然后使用上述方法。
下面的实施例描述聚合物对活性组分结晶度的影响：
下面的参数是关键的评估因素：
a)结晶的目测：
当使用纯净物质时，结晶度由试验材料的颜色和物理状态变化定量测定。未结晶样品保持透明和可流动性，而结晶物质一般变成不适明的有色固体。以发生这种结晶变化的时间记录结晶度。
b)乳油或有机溶剂的溶液中的结晶测定：目测乳油或有机溶液中的结晶生长或将结晶从溶液中分离并称重。
c)乳剂中结晶重量测定：只对乳油使用此方法。制备一种用342ppm热水(军用热水)稀释的1％体积含量的乳油制剂稀释液。在给定的时间静置于实验桌顶部。然后通过325目筛倾倒乳剂混合物。在筛上收集的任何固体结晶，用去离子水洗涤并干燥。测定结晶的重量计算其干重。
d)用示差扫描量热法(DSC)测定结晶度：使用此方法测定固体样品的结晶度：从有机溶液中沉淀出来的固体，由蒸发有机溶剂得到的固体沉淀和/或将熔融的物质浸渍于多孔载体上制备的固体粉末。
实施例1：工业级乙氧氟草醚结晶度的降低
将小玻璃安瓿瓶中的20克样品乙氧氟草醚(2-氯-1-(3-乙氧基-4-硝基苯氧基)-4-三氟甲基苯工业品(72％活性组分)熔融至100℃，然后冷却至25℃。在2小时内其完全结晶。同样的样品在100℃熔融然后加入0.5％重量百分数的聚-SMA，手摇混合物直至均一混合，然后加热至100℃保持30分钟。其24小时不结晶然后在以后的26小时渐渐完全结晶。
实施例2：从乳油减低乙氧氟草醚的结晶
使用聚合物能从一种乳油(EC)制剂明显减低其水稀释溶液的结晶形成量，所述乳油制剂含33％乙氧氟草醚(95％纯度)，烷基苯(芳香200TM，Exxon化学公司)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶剂和8-12％。乙氧化蓖麻油，使用十二烷基苯磺酸钙乳化剂达到此目的。当用342ppm硬水只稀释制剂得到2％稀释溶液时，17小时之后0.0170克结晶。在稀释前将0.5％聚异萘基异丁烯酸酯(聚-IDMA)加入相同的制剂在17小时之后减低乙氧氟草醚结晶形成量至0.0001克。
实施例3：从有机溶剂减低乙氧氟草醚的结晶
使用聚合物增加乙氧氟草醚在普通有机溶剂或有机物质中的溶解度。于25℃没有聚合物存在时，含乙氧氟草醚，50％烷基苯和30％乙氧化三硅氧烷(SilwetTM L-77，Witco化学公司)的溶液能含最大量的乙氧氟草醚20％。加入1.0％的含28％CEMA，62％IDMA，10％MMA聚合物的溶液，能得到50％乙氧氟草醚，29％芳香200和20％Silwet L77的稳定的溶液。
实施例4：从乳液降低tebufenozide的结晶
含5％tebufenozide，60％烷基苯和35％乙氧化三硅氧烷的EC制剂中，使用聚合物明显能减少其水稀释液中的结晶形成量。当用342ppm硬水稀释这样的制剂得到1％稀释液时，0.0532克tebufenozide 17小时后结晶。稀释之前将0.5％的含20％CEMA，62％IDMA，10％MMA聚合物的溶液加入5％EC制剂减少tebufenozide 17小时之后的结晶形成至0.0017克。
实施例5：从乳液中减少苯腈唑的结晶
作为溶剂的在含烷苯和8-12％十二烷基苯磺酸钙与烷基苯酚乙氧化物(SpontoTM 232-234，Witco化学公司)乳化剂的15％苯腈唑EC制剂中，使用聚合物能明显减少其水稀释液中的结晶形成量。当用342ppm硬水稀释这种15％EC样品得到1％稀释液时，0.0120克苯腈唑在17小时之后结晶。稀释之前将0.5％聚-SMA加入至相同的15％EC制剂能减少，于17小时之后的结晶形成量至0.0001克。
实施例6：乙羧氟草醚结晶的减少
使用聚合物能阻止乙羧氟草醚结晶。于80℃熔化工业级乙羧氟草醚，然后冷却至25℃。在50小时之内其完全地结晶。但是当随着加入0.5％的含28％CEMA，62％IDMA，10％MMA聚合物的溶液融化相同的物质时，其甚至在600天以后也不结晶。
在相似的方法中，测定各种聚合物减低乙羧氟草醚(93％纯度)的结晶时间的能力。测定结果如下：
| 聚合物种类 | 聚合物成分 | 比例 | 结晶天数 | |
| 没有 | 0.05Wt％聚合物 | 0.5Wt％聚合物 | ||
| 小于3天结晶异丁烯酸酯共聚物*异丁烯酸酯共聚物异丁烯酸酯接枝分散剂*异丁烯酸酯接枝分散剂异丁烯酸酯共聚物异丁烯酸酯共聚物异丁烯酸酯共聚物异丁烯酸酯共聚物异丁烯酸酯共聚物混合的异丁烯酸酯共聚物异丁烯酸酯共聚物分散剂氢化苯乙烯-异戊二烯异戊二烯星状均聚物链烯共聚物乙酸乙烯酯/富马酸乙烯酯链烯共聚物分散剂 | CEMA/IDMA/MMACEMA/IDMA/MMACEMA/IDMA/MMA/NVPCEMA/IDMA/MMA/NVPSMASMA/LMASMA/LMACEMA/LMACEMA/LMACEMA/LMASMA/LMA/HPMAShell Vis 260(Shell Chemical)Shell Vis 50(Shell Chemical)Paramins ECA13112(Exxon Chemical)Paramins ECA7955(Exxon Chemical)Paratone 856(Exxon Chemical) | 28/62/1028/62/1030/56/10/430/56/10/410035/656/9430/7025/7515/85(50％)15/65/20 | ＞590＞590＞590＞590＞590＞590＞590＞590＞590＞590＞59010＞590＞590＞5909 | ＞590345345345153＞590＞590571＞590＞590571599154＞590121 |
*＝较低的Mw
这些数据表明聚合物以合适的浓度存在将明显地降低结晶度。
Claims (9)
1.一种组合物，含有：
a)一种或多种农药；和
b)抑制农药结晶相对组合物总重量的0.01％至40％重量的一种或多种可溶于油的聚合物，其分子量为10,000-2,000,000原子质量单位，溶解度参数为6.9至9.0，该聚合物选自：
1)亲油性聚合物，和
2)亲油亲水性聚合物；
其中亲油性聚合物由含平均为8-24个碳原子烃基的单体单元得到的，这些基团选自：
i)选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、和衣康酸的一种或多种单烯键式不饱和单体取代或未取代的(C1-C24)烷基酯；
ii)选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、和衣康酸的一种或多种单烯键不饱和单体取代或未取代的(C1-C24)烷基酰胺；
iii)α-烯烃；和
iv)乙烯醇酯、卤代乙烯、乙烯基腈和羧酸乙烯酯；且
每种农药可溶于选自下列物质中的至少一种：
1)制备所述聚合物的单体；
2)与所述聚合物相同比例的单体单元组合物的寡聚体；
3)所述聚合物；和
4)所述聚合物和有机溶剂的溶液。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物，其中每种聚合物可溶于一种或多种下列物质：a)有机溶剂；b)植物油；c)矿物油；和d)合成油。
3.降低农药结晶度的方法，包括将农药与抑制农药结晶相对组合物总重量的0.01％至40％重量的一种或多种可溶于油的聚合物有效地混合，所述的聚合物分子量为10,000-2,000,000原子质量单位，溶解度参数为6.9-9.0，其选自：
1)亲油性聚合物，和
2)亲油亲水性聚合物；
其中亲油性聚合物由含平均为8-24个碳原子烃基的单体单元得到的，这些基团选自：
i)选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、和衣康酸的一种或多种单烯键式不饱和单体取代或未取代的(C1-C24)烷基酯；
ii)选自丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸、马来酸、和衣康酸的一种或多种单烯键不饱和单体取代或未取代的(C1-C24)烷基酰胺；
iii)α-烯烃；和
iv)乙烯醇酯、卤代乙烯、乙烯基腈和羧酸乙烯酯；且
其中每种农药可溶于选自下列物质中的至少一种：
1)制备所述聚合物的单体；
2)与所述聚合物相同比例的单体单元组合物的寡聚体；
3)所述聚合物；和
4)所述聚合物和有机溶剂的溶液。
4.权利要求1所述的组合物，其中单体单元是选自一种或多种取代或未取代烷基丙烯酸酯，烷基异丁烯酸酯，丙烯酰胺和异丁烯酰胺。
5.权利要求4所述的组合物，其中单体单元是一种或多种(C1-C24)烷基丙烯酸酯，(C1-C24)烷基异丁烯酸酯，羟基(C2-C6)烷基丙烯酸酯，羟基(C2-C6)烷基异丁烯酸酯，双(C1-C6)烷氨基(C2-C6)烷基丙烯酸酯，双(C1-C6)烷氨基(C2-C6)烷基异丁烯酸酯，双(C1-C6)烷氨基(C2-C6)烷基丙烯酰胺和双(C1-C6)烷氨基(C2-C6)烷基异丁烯酰胺。
6.权利要求1所述的组合物，其中聚合物的亲水性是由于下列单体单元的存在：一种或多种取代或未取代的(C1-C6)烷基酯，(C1-C6)烷基硫代酯，和选自丙烯酸，异丁烯酸，富马酸，马来酸和衣康酸的一种或多种单乙烯基不饱和单体的；单或双(C1-C6)烷酰胺取代或未取代的(C1-C4)羧酸乙烯酯；环酯，酰胺和杂环；以及乙烯取代的氨。
7.权利要求6所述的组合物，其中单体单元选自丙烯酸羟烷酯，异丁烯酸羟烷酯，丙烯酸二甲基氨乙酯和二甲基氨丙酯，异丁烯酸二甲基氨乙酯和二甲基氨丙酯，丙烯酰胺，异丁烯酰胺，取代或未取代的乙烯基吡啶，N-甲酰基丙烯酰胺，N-甲酰基异丁烯酰胺，N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺，N-羟甲基异丁酰胺，N-甲基丙烯酰胺，N-乙烯基-2-吡咯烷酮，N-乙烯基哌啶酮，N-乙烯基-己内酰胺，异丁烯酸-2-吡咯烷酮基乙基酯，N-乙烯基恶唑烷酮和N-(异丁烯酰氧乙基)恶唑啉酮。
8.权利要求1的组合物，其中所述农药选自一种或多种下列物质：
(a)杀真菌剂，选自：(1)硝基苯酚衍生物；(2)杂环类；(3)各种卤代杀真菌剂；(4)杀真菌抗菌素；(5)苯基苯甲酰胺衍生物；(6)氨基酸衍生物；和(7)甲氧丙烯酸酯；
(b)除草剂，选自：(1)羧酸衍生物；(2)氨基甲酸酯衍生物；(3)取代脲；(4)取代三嗪；(5)二苯醚衍生物；(6)苯胺类；(7)氧化苯氧除草剂；(8)尿嘧啶类和(9)腈类；和
(c)杀虫剂和杀螨剂。
9.控制害虫的方法，包括将权利要求1所述的组合物施用于一个或多个下列地点：
a)害虫；
b)害虫食源；
c)害虫栖息地。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110859179A (zh) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-03-06 | 襄阳中诚检测科技有限公司 | 一种颗粒状可食用杀虫剂组合物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU5972598A (en) | 1998-10-15 |
| JP5320362B2 (ja) | 2013-10-23 |
| BR9801048B1 (pt) | 2008-11-18 |
| EP0875143B1 (en) | 2003-06-25 |
| JPH10287509A (ja) | 1998-10-27 |
| IL123895A0 (en) | 1998-10-30 |
| AR017007A1 (es) | 2001-08-22 |
| CA2234125C (en) | 2003-08-26 |
| JP4663830B2 (ja) | 2011-04-06 |
| ATE243416T1 (de) | 2003-07-15 |
| ID20154A (id) | 1998-10-15 |
| HU9800857D0 (en) | 1998-05-28 |
| US6146652A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
| MX9802591A (es) | 1998-12-31 |
| HUP9800857A2 (hu) | 1999-02-01 |
| CN1196879A (zh) | 1998-10-28 |
| AU749607B2 (en) | 2002-06-27 |
| IL123895A (en) | 2003-04-10 |
| KR100582853B1 (ko) | 2006-08-30 |
| HUP9800857A3 (en) | 1999-03-29 |
| DE69815748D1 (de) | 2003-07-31 |
| BR9801048A (pt) | 2000-05-02 |
| TW568749B (en) | 2004-01-01 |
| KR19980081357A (ko) | 1998-11-25 |
| JP2011006471A (ja) | 2011-01-13 |
| ZA982796B (en) | 1998-10-05 |
| CA2234125A1 (en) | 1998-10-14 |
| EP0875143A1 (en) | 1998-11-04 |
| DE69815748T2 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
| HU228566B1 (en) | 2013-04-29 |
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