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CN111818877B - 在部署后用于辅助置换瓣膜重新捕获和重新定位的递送系统 - Google Patents

在部署后用于辅助置换瓣膜重新捕获和重新定位的递送系统 Download PDF

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CN111818877B
CN111818877B CN201980017170.1A CN201980017170A CN111818877B CN 111818877 B CN111818877 B CN 111818877B CN 201980017170 A CN201980017170 A CN 201980017170A CN 111818877 B CN111818877 B CN 111818877B
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delivery system
prosthesis
tether
manifold
shaft
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CN111818877A (zh
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H·M·斯里尼穆克什
T·Z·奥巴
D·R·兰多
G·T·拉比托
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Edwards Lifesciences Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/2439Expansion controlled by filaments
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/24Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
    • A61F2/2427Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
    • A61F2/2436Deployment by retracting a sheath
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2220/00Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2220/0008Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0096Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers
    • A61F2250/0098Markers and sensors for detecting a position or changes of a position of an implant, e.g. RF sensors, ultrasound markers radio-opaque, e.g. radio-opaque markers

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

本文公开的是可用于在将诸如置换二尖瓣的置换瓣膜初始部署后重新捕获和/或重新放置所述瓣膜的递送系统的实施方式。本公开的实施方式可利用缝合线的折绉/张紧以在释放之后通过纵向力或旋转力使置换瓣膜重新折绉。

Description

在部署后用于辅助置换瓣膜重新捕获和重新定位的递送系统
技术领域
本文公开的某些实施方式总体上涉及用于植入在腔或体腔内的假体和用于植入假体的递送系统。特别地,在一些实施方式中,假体和递送系统涉及置换心脏瓣膜,如置换二尖瓣心脏瓣膜。
背景技术
人的心脏瓣膜(包括主动脉瓣膜、肺动脉瓣、二尖瓣和三尖瓣)实质上起到与泵送心脏同步工作的单向阀的作用。这些瓣膜允许血液向下游流动,但阻止血液向上游流动。患病的心脏瓣膜表现出诸如瓣膜变窄或反流等损害,这会抑制瓣膜控制血流的能力。这种损害降低心脏的血液泵送效率并且会是使人衰弱并危及生命的状况。例如,瓣膜机能不全可导致诸如心脏肥大和心室扩张的状况。因此,已经进行了大量的努力来开发修复或置换受损心脏瓣膜的方法和设备。
存在假体来纠正与受损心脏瓣膜有关的问题。例如,机械的和基于组织的心脏瓣膜假体可用于置换受损的天然心脏瓣膜。最近,已经投入了大量的努力来开发置换心脏瓣膜,尤其是基于组织的置换心脏瓣膜,这种心脏瓣膜可以在比通过心脏直视手术对患者的创伤更少的情况下进行递送。置换瓣膜被设计为通过微创程序和甚至经皮程序进行递送。这样的置换瓣膜通常包括基于组织的瓣膜主体,该瓣膜主体连接到可扩张的框架,然后将该框架递送到天然瓣膜的瓣环。
可压缩递送,然后可控地扩张以用于受控放置的假体(包括但不限于置换心脏瓣膜)的开发已被证明特别具有挑战性。另一挑战涉及以无创伤方式相对于腔内组织(例如,任何体腔或腔内的组织)来固定这种假体的能力。
将假体递送至人体中的期望位置,例如将置换心脏瓣膜递送至二尖瓣也会有挑战性。获得入路(access)以在心脏或其它解剖位置中执行程序可能需要通过曲折的脉管系统或通过开放式或半开放式外科程序将装置经皮地递送。控制假体在期望位置处部署的能力也会有挑战性。
发明内容
本公开的实施方式涉及假体,诸如但不限于置换心脏瓣膜。进一步的实施方式涉及用于将假体(诸如但不限于置换心脏瓣膜)递送和/或可控制地部署到体内期望位置的递送系统、装置和/或方法。在一些实施方式中,提供了置换心脏瓣膜和用于将置换心脏瓣膜递送至诸如二尖瓣的天然心脏瓣膜的方法。
在一些实施方式中,提供了用于将置换心脏瓣膜递送至天然二尖瓣位置的递送系统和方法。递送系统和方法可以利用经间隔或经心尖途径。在一些实施方式中,递送系统的部件促进递送系统的弯曲以将假体从隔膜引导(steer)至天然二尖瓣内的位置。在一些实施方式中,提供了用于容纳假体的囊状件(capsule),以递送到天然二尖瓣位置。在其它实施方式中,递送系统和方法可适于将植入物递送到除天然二尖瓣以外的位置。
本公开包括但不限于以下实施方式。
实施方式1:用于置换瓣膜的递送系统。递送系统可包括被配置以可释放地保持置换瓣膜的系绳、被配置以保持系绳的第一端的扭转歧管(torqueing manifold)、和被配置以从锁定位置移动到解锁位置的接合销,接合销被配置以可释放地保持系绳的第二端,其中接合销从锁定位置到解锁位置的纵向平移将系绳的第二端和置换瓣膜从递送系统释放,并且其中扭转歧管相对于接合销的旋转移动被配置以使置换瓣膜的部分折绉(crimp)或展开(uncrimp)。
实施方式2:实施方式1的递送系统,还包括:歧管轴,该歧管轴在歧管轴的远端上具有扭转歧管,扭转歧管具有从扭转歧管的远端向远侧延伸的至少一个突出部;轴承,可旋转地保持在扭转歧管内;和销锁定轴,具有位于轴承的近侧并且位于销锁定轴的远端上的释放盘(plate),其中销锁定轴被配置以将接合销接合在锁定位置和解锁位置中。
实施方式3:实施方式2的递送系统,其中歧管轴相对于销锁定轴的圆周旋转被配置以使置换瓣膜的部分折绉或展开。
实施方式4:实施方式2-3中任一项的递送系统,其中在锁定位置中,接合销在释放盘和轴承之间延伸,并且其中系绳的第二端保持在释放盘和轴承之间的处于锁定位置中的接合销上。
实施方式5:实施方式2-4中任一项的递送系统,其中歧管轴位于销锁定轴的腔内,其中销锁定轴被配置以相对于歧管轴纵向且旋转地平移,并且其中销锁定轴的向近侧平移将接合销从轴承释放,这使系绳的第二端从接合销释放。
实施方式6:实施方式2-5中的任一项的递送系统,其中扭转歧管包括围绕扭转歧管的远端的外圆周延伸的多个向远侧延伸的突出部。
实施方式7:实施方式1-6中任一项的递送系统,其中接合销大致是L形的。
实施方式8:实施方式1-7中任一项的递送系统,还包括置换瓣膜,其中置换瓣膜是置换二尖瓣。
实施方式9:实施方式1-8中任一项的递送系统,其中系绳被配置以穿过置换瓣膜的孔眼。
实施方式10:将置换瓣膜从递送系统释放的方法,该方法包括:将置换瓣膜从压缩构型扩张到扩张构型,置换瓣膜具有远端和近端,通过至少一根系绳将置换瓣膜在置换瓣膜远侧的位置处可释放地附接到递送系统;和相对于锁定轴沿第一方向旋转位于置换瓣膜径向内侧的歧管轴,其中歧管轴在位于置换瓣膜远侧的远端上具有歧管,其中至少一根系绳连接到歧管和锁定轴,并且其中歧管轴位于锁定轴的腔内,其中沿第一方向旋转歧管轴使至少一根系绳松弛以使置换瓣膜的远端展开。
实施方式11:实施方式10的方法,其中使置换瓣膜扩张包括:向近侧平移外护套(sheath)以露出置换瓣膜的近端;和向远侧平移鼻锥(nosecone)以露出置换瓣膜的远端。
实施方式12:实施方式10或实施方式11的方法,还包括相对于锁定轴沿与第一方向相反的第二方向旋转歧管轴,以使所述置换瓣膜的远端折绉。
实施方式13:实施方式12的方法,还包括当置换瓣膜被折绉时,向近侧平移鼻锥以覆盖置换瓣膜的远端。
实施方式14:实施方式10-13中任一项的方法,还包括相对于歧管轴向近侧平移锁定轴以将至少一根系绳的至少一端从递送系统释放,其中至少一端的释放将置换瓣膜从递送系统释放。
实施方式15:实施方式10-14中任一项的方法,其中置换瓣膜经由多根系绳可释放地附接到递送系统。
实施方式16:用于置换瓣膜的折绉环(crimping ring),该折绉环包括:大致圆形的主体,该主体具有纵向延伸穿过其的内腔和在主体的外圆周上的多个纵向延伸的孔;和多根缝合线,缝合线中的每一根都延伸穿过多个孔中的一个并且被配置以从置换瓣膜向近侧延伸,其中在多根缝合线中的一根上施加向近侧指向的力被配置以引起主体和置换瓣膜的定位的角度变化,并且其中大致同时在多根缝合线的全部上施加向近侧指向的力提供主体的向近侧纵向平移,这被配置以至少部分地压缩置换瓣膜的远端。
实施方式17:实施方式16的折绉环,其中置换瓣膜折绉和倾斜环(crimp and tiltring)包括三根缝合线,并且其中主体具有围绕外圆周大致均匀地间隔的三个孔。
实施方式18:实施方式16-17中任一项的折绉环,其中多根缝合线中的每一根缠绕在主体周围并且穿过多个孔中的一个。
实施方式19:实施方式16至18中任一项的折绉环,还包括置换瓣膜,该置换瓣膜经由延伸穿过主体的内腔的第二多根缝合线附接到递送系统,其中置换瓣膜是置换二尖瓣。
实施方式20:实施方式19的折绉环,其中在第二多根缝合线和置换二尖瓣假体穿过内腔时,置换瓣膜折绉和倾斜环的向近侧纵向平移径向地压缩第二多根缝合线和置换二尖瓣假体的远端。
实施方式21:用于释放置换瓣膜的递送系统。递送系统可包括扭转歧管。扭转歧管可具有突出部。突出部能够从远端向远侧延伸。扭转歧管可位于歧管轴的远端上。递送系统还可包括轴承。轴承可旋转地保持在扭转歧管内。递送系统还可包括释放盘。释放盘可位于轴承的近侧。释放盘可位于销锁定轴的远端上。递送系统还可包括接合销。接合销能够在释放盘和轴承之间延伸。递送系统还可包括缝合线。缝合线的第一端可连接到突出部。缝合线的第二端可连接到释放盘和轴承之间的接合销。缝合线可被配置以穿过置换瓣膜中的接合孔。歧管轴可位于销锁定轴的腔内。销锁定轴可被配置以相对于歧管轴纵向平移。销锁定轴的向近侧平移能够将接合销从轴承释放,并且能够将缝合线的第二端从接合销释放。歧管轴相对于销锁定轴的圆周旋转可配置以使置换瓣膜折绉或展开。
实施方式22:用于置换瓣膜的递送系统。递送系统可包括缝合线。缝合线可被配置以穿过置换瓣膜的孔眼。递送系统可包括内部构件。内部构件可被配置以保持缝合线的第一端。递送系统可包括接合销。接合销可被配置以从锁定位置移动到解锁位置。接合销可被配置以保持缝合线的第二端。接合销从锁定位置到解锁位置的纵向平移能够将缝合线的第二端和置换瓣膜从递送系统释放。内部构件相对于接合销的旋转移动被配置以使置换瓣膜的部分折绉或展开。
实施方式23:将置换瓣膜从递送系统释放和重新捕获的方法。方法可包括向近侧平移外护套以露出置换瓣膜的近端。方法可包括向远侧平移鼻锥以露出置换瓣膜的远端。方法可包括沿第一方向旋转歧管轴以使置换瓣膜的远端展开。方法可包括沿第二方向旋转歧管轴以使置换瓣膜的远端折绉。方法可包括向近侧平移鼻锥以覆盖置换瓣膜的远端。
实施方式24:置换瓣膜折绉和倾斜环。环可包括具有纵向延伸的内腔的主体。主体可具有在主体的外圆周上的多个纵向延伸的孔。内腔可被配置以接收置换瓣膜的端部。环可包括多根缝合线。缝合线中的每一根都能够连接到多个孔中的一个并且能够向近侧延伸。在多根缝合线中的一根上施加向近侧指向的力引起圆形主体和置换瓣膜的定位的角度变化。在多根缝合线的全部上同时施加向近侧指向的力提供主体的向近侧纵向平移,以至少部分地压缩置换瓣膜的端部。
附图说明
图1示例了用于瓣膜的递送系统的实施方式。
图2-6示例了可使用本文描述的递送系统来递送的瓣膜假体的实施方式的侧视图。
图7示例了递送系统的实施方式的远端。
图8示例了瓣膜假体释放结构的实施方式。
图9示例了释放销的实施方式。
图10示例了具有瓣膜假体释放结构的递送系统的远端的实施方式。
图11A-11C示例了歧管的实施方式。
图12示例了轴承的实施方式。
图13示例了释放盘和系绳引导件的实施方式。
图14示例了递送系统的实施方式的远端的横截面。
图15A-15B示例了移除了歧管的递送系统的实施方式的远端。
图16A-16B示例了瓣膜倾斜和折绉环的实施方式。
图17示例了具有附接的缝合线的瓣膜倾斜和折绉环的实施方式。
图18示例了折绉期间的瓣膜倾斜和折绉环的实施方式。
图19示例了递送装置的实施方式的横截面。
图20-24示例了使用递送装置的置换瓣膜的植入程序的实施方式。
图25示例了用于递送装置的经心尖途径。
图26-28B示例了用于递送瓣膜假体以置换二尖瓣的经心尖方法的步骤。
具体实施方式
本说明书和附图提供了在置换心脏瓣膜、递送系统和方法的若干实施方式的背景下公开内容的方面和特征,所述置换心脏瓣膜、递送系统和方法被配置用于患者的脉管系统中,诸如用于置换患者中的天然心脏瓣膜。这些实施方式可结合置换具体的瓣膜(如患者的主动脉瓣或二尖瓣)进行讨论。然而,应当理解,本文讨论的特征和构思可应用于除心脏瓣膜植入物外的产品。例如,本文描述的受控的定位、部署和固定特征可应用于医疗植入物,例如其它类型的可扩张假体,以在身体的其它地方使用,诸如在动脉、静脉或其它体腔内或者位置内使用。另外,瓣膜、递送系统等的特定特征不应被视为限制,并且本文所讨论的任何一个实施方式的特征可根据需要并在适当时与其它实施方式的特征组合。尽管结合经心尖的递送途径描述了本文描述的某些实施方式,但是应当理解,这些实施方案可用于其它递送途径,诸如,例如,经间隔途径。此外,应当理解,结合一些实施方式描述的某些特征可与其它实施方式结合,包括结合不同的递送途径描述的那些。
经心尖递送系统
图1示例了递送装置或系统100的实施方式。递送系统100可用于在体内部署假体/植入物,如本说明书其它地方描述的置换心脏瓣膜。递送系统100可接收和/或覆盖假体的部分,如植入物的第一端和第二端。
递送系统100可用于在体内部署假体,如本说明书其它地方描述的置换心脏瓣膜。递送系统10可接收和/或覆盖假体的部分,如下面图2所示的假体(或植入物)70的第一端301和第二端303。例如,递送系统100可用于递送可扩张的植入物或假体70,其中假体70包括第一端301(或心房端)和第二端303(或心室端),并且其中第二端303被配置以在第一端301之前部署或扩张。在一些实施方式中,图2中所示的假体70的接头(tabs)74可包括如下讨论的用于附接系绳的孔眼(或孔)214。
图3示例了瓣膜假体1010的可选实施方式,其可与本文公开的递送系统结合使用。所示例的假体1010包括可以是自扩张的或球囊可扩张的框架1020。如上讨论的,假体1010可以是可被设计以置换损坏的或患病的天然心脏瓣膜(如二尖瓣)的置换瓣膜。置换瓣膜的另外的特征未在图3中示例,以便更清楚地示例框架1020的特征。还应当理解,假体1010不限于是置换瓣膜。另外,在图3中将理解,为了进一步简化图示,仅示例了框架1020的前部。在一些实施方式中,接头1023可包括如下讨论的用于附接系绳的孔眼214。
图4-6示例了假体70的可选实施方式,其可与本文所讨论的公开的递送系统100和方法一起使用。这些实施方式可具有与本文讨论的假体相似或相同的特征。在一些实施方式中,假体可以是单框架假体。在一些实施方式中,假体可以是双框架假体。例如,如图6所示,假体70可包括内框架71a和外框架71b。在一些实施方式中,外框架71b可适合于放置在天然二尖瓣瓣环中,而内框架71a可支撑瓣膜组件90。如图所示,图4-6的假体70可包含孔眼(或孔)214以用于接收下文讨论的系绳。在美国专利公开号2018/0021129和2018/0055629(其已通过引用以其全部内容并入了本文)中可找到有关这些具体实施方式的更多细节。
假体的另外的细节和示例性设计在美国专利号8,403,983、8,414,644、8,652,203和美国专利公开号2011/0313515、2012/0215303、2014/0277390、2014/0277422、2014/0277427和2016/0317301中进行了描述,这些专利和出版物的全部内容通过引用并入本文并成为本说明书的一部分。置换心脏瓣膜或假体及其植入方法的进一步细节和实施方式在美国专利公开号2015/0328000中进行了描述,其全部内容通过引用并入本文并成为本说明书的一部分。
可通过各种方式,诸如通过直视手术、微创手术、和经皮或经导管递送通过患者的脉管系统来将置换心脏瓣膜递送至患者的心脏二尖瓣瓣环或其它心脏瓣膜位置。与从腿部开始的经皮程序相比,图1中所示的递送系统100可以相对较短而更容易用于心脏直视程序或其它更加直接的程序中。同时,递送系统100仍然可以相对柔性以允许,例如,推进通过肺静脉或左心房壁,然后弯曲递送装置以适当地放置在二尖瓣处。在一些实施方式中,递送系统100特别适合于通过经心尖途径(例如,通过心脏的心尖)将置换心脏瓣膜递送到二尖瓣位置。
首先参考图1所示的实施方式,递送系统100可包括手柄110和多个护套和/或轴,如所示例的外伸长中空构件轴114。如将在下文进一步详细描述的,多个轴的尺寸和形状可被设定成可相对于彼此滑动。因此,应当理解,多个轴中的一个或多个可相对于轴中的另一个是同心的,以促进轴相对于彼此的滑动移动。多个轴可联接至递送系统100的一个或多个其它部件。在一些实施方式中,手柄110可包括多个开关、杠杆、旋钮、或其它可致动/可旋转的机构,其可用于控制递送系统100的一个或多个轴的移动和/或控制递送系统100的其它组件的操作。
继续参考图1的实施方式,递送系统100可包括具有近端和远端的外伸长中空构件轴114。在用于描述递送系统的部件时,“近侧”是指部件的更靠近手柄110的位置,而“远侧”是指部件的距手柄110更远的位置。在一些实施方式中,外伸长中空构件轴114的近端可联接至手柄110。在一些实施方式中,外伸长中空构件轴114可相对于手柄110固定。在一些实施方式中,外伸长中空构件轴114可相对于手柄110移动。外伸长中空构件轴114可包括护套和/或囊状件,并且可由一个或多个构件制成。外伸长中空构件轴114可具有从近端到远端相同的直径,或者直径可以变化。外伸长中空构件轴114可由各种材料形成,包括ePTFE和PEEK,以及其它生物相容性材料。此外,外伸长中空构件轴114可包括涂层,如亲水涂层。
在一些实施方式中,在假体70被递送至部署部位时,外伸长中空构件轴114可覆盖皱缩或压缩的假体70的至少部分。例如,在下文进一步描述的,在假体70的第一端301接收在中空鼻锥118内时,外伸长中空构件轴114可覆盖假体70的至少第二端303。在一些实施方式中,外伸长中空构件轴114也可覆盖假体70的第一端301。外伸长中空构件轴114的尺寸和形状可被设定使得在假体70被递送到部署部位时外伸长中空构件轴114可将假体70保持在压缩状态中。因此,外伸长中空构件轴114可起到用于接收假体70的“囊状件”的作用。如示例实施方式中所示,外伸长中空构件轴114在其整个长度或整个长度的大部分中可具有恒定或基本恒定的外径。在假体70的第一端301仍接合到鼻锥118内的系绳保持机构(下面描述)并且仍被鼻锥118覆盖时,外中空构件轴114可相对于鼻锥118移动以露出假体70的第二端303。
外伸长中空构件轴114可包括定位在远端附近的标记物117,如允许医师进行可视化的不透射线的标记物。在一些实施方式中,外伸长中空构件轴114可由多层材料形成,使得外伸长中空构件轴114包括至少第一径向部分和第二径向部分。这可有利地允许将两种类型的材料用于外伸长中空构件轴114。例如,第一部分的至少部分可相对于外伸长中空构件轴114的中心纵向轴线从第二部分径向向外定位。可被认为是外层的第一部分可由相对刚性的材料形成,如PEBAX、ULTEM、PEEK和根据需要的任何其它生物相容性材料。这可有利地为伸长中空构件轴114的外部提供某种程度的刚性。可被认为是内层的第二部分可由更柔顺的材料形成,例如PTFE、ePTFE和根据需要的任何其它生物相容性材料。这样可有利地为外伸长中空构件轴114提供更加顺应的内表面,这在接触递送系统100的其它部件和假体时会是有益的。在一些实施方式中,第二部分可以是施加到第一部分的衬里。
尽管外伸长中空构件轴114可形成有由多种材料形成的多个部分,但是还考虑了外伸长中空构件轴114可由单一材料形成。
另外,递送系统100中的最里面的轴可以是鼻锥轴,该鼻锥轴具有可操作地连接到手柄110的近端和联接到鼻锥118的远端。鼻锥轴沿其长度可以是中空的以接收导丝,但是在一些实施方式中鼻锥轴不是中空的。鼻锥118可包括伸长中空部分,该伸长中空部分具有面向近侧的开口,以及逐渐变细的远侧部分(如图1所示)。鼻锥轴可联接至鼻锥118,使得鼻锥轴延伸穿过近侧开口,但是连接没有限制。鼻锥118可进一步包含从鼻锥轴的远端延伸至鼻锥118的远端的腔,该腔可允许导丝穿过。鼻锥118可由相对刚性的高硬度材料形成。包括伸长中空部分和逐渐变细的远侧部分两者的鼻锥118可具有从最远端到最近端测量的长度,该长度在大约5mm至50mm之间、在大约10mm至大约40mm之间、在大约15mm至大约25mm之间、大约20mm、在这些范围内的任意其它长度、以及所需的任意其它长度。
鼻锥118的最外面的直径可近似于或等于外轴和/或外部部件(如外伸长中空构件轴114)的外径。如果以及当鼻锥118与外轴和/或外部部件接触时,这可在鼻锥118和外轴和/或外部部件之间形成在直径上大致平滑的过渡。在一些实施方式中,鼻锥118可具有大约31Fr或32Fr的外径,并且外部轴和/或外部部件可具有大约31Fr或32Fr的外径。
在一些实施方式中,鼻锥118的外径可近似于或等于外伸长中空构件轴114的内径,使得鼻锥118可部分地接收在外伸长中空构件轴114内。在一些实施方式中,鼻锥118可具有大约30Fr的外径,并且外轴和/或外部部件可具有大约30Fr的内径。在一些实施方式中,外轴可以是递送系统的最外面的轴。
下文讨论的系绳保持构型可与鼻锥118协作,以将假体的第一端301从鼻锥118释放。假体70的第一端301可置于压缩状态中,使得当鼻锥118处于近侧位置中时,假体70的第一端301保持在鼻锥118内。鼻锥118的远侧移动可将假体70的第一端301从鼻锥118释放,从而使其扩张。如果假体70未被外伸长中空构件轴114覆盖,则一旦鼻锥118向远侧移动以露出假体70的第一端301,假体70的第一端301就可从其压缩状态完全地自扩张到扩张构型。
经心尖递送系统的另外的细节和示例性设计在美国专利公开号2017/0056169中进行了描述,其全部内容通过引用并入本文并成为本说明书的一部分。经心尖递送系统和递送方法的进一步细节和实施方式在美国专利公开号2018/0116790和2017/0056169中进行了描述,其每一个的全部内容通过引用并入本文并成为本说明书的一部分。
系绳假体保持
图7示例了递送系统100的远端202的实施方式,递送系统100使用一根或多根系绳(例如,缝合线、绳索、绳、带)以在完全扩张/部分扩张/释放之后将假体70可释放地保持在递送系统100上(例如,系绳保持机构),同时还提供使假体70折绉或展开的另外的功能性,诸如用于重新捕获。为了便于观看,已经移除了鼻锥118、鼻锥轴和外伸长中空构件轴114(上文关于图1进行了讨论)。可使用与美国专利公开号2017/0056169中讨论的类似的设计和释放方法,其中内部保持构件由本文讨论的结构替代。2017/0056169中讨论的其它部件可并入到递送系统100中,诸如可将假体70约束在压缩构型中的鼻锥118和外伸长中空构件轴114。
有利地,递送系统100的实施方式允许假体70完全扩张(例如,从鼻锥118和外伸长中空构件轴114释放),但是通过使用一根或多根系绳而仍附接到递送系统100。这允许假体70在扩张之后诸如通过平移递送系统100或递送系统100内不同的轴来操纵,以优化假体70在患者中的位置。如果定位和放置不是期望的,则递送系统100还允许假体70压缩并撤回到一个或多个护套构件(例如,鼻锥118/外伸长中空构件轴114)中。因此,假体70可在扩张之后被递送系统100重新捕获。
为了使用系绳附接系统,可对上文讨论的递送系统100进行修改。例如,当外伸长中空构件轴114处于其最远侧位置并且鼻锥118处于其最近侧位置时,图1所示的鼻锥118和外伸长中空构件轴114可分别用于径向压缩地保持假体70的第一端301和第二端303。因此,可向远侧推进鼻锥118,并且可同时或单独向近侧缩回外伸长中空构件轴114,以释放假体70,从而使假体70从压缩构型扩张到扩张构型,从而得到图8中示意性示例的构型(为了方便起见,移除了外伸长中空构件轴114和鼻锥118)。用户可诸如通过使用图1中所示的旋钮在递送系统的手柄110上执行此操作。
为了方便解释,图8示例了递送系统100的远端202的简化版本,其中假体70处于释放(或扩张)位置中。从最远端开始,递送系统100可包括歧管(或扭转歧管、齿冠(crown)、系绳附接机构)204、轴承206、一个或多个释放销208(例如,构件、轴、杆)、释放盘210和一根或多根系绳212,下面将更详细地讨论它们中的每一个。在一些实施方式中,歧管204可在部署之前和/或在重新捕获之后部分地或完全地装配在鼻锥118内,并且外伸长中空构件轴114可在其余部件上滑动。在闭合构型中,外伸长中空构件轴114的远端可毗邻鼻锥118的近端,以将假体70径向地约束在压缩构型中。鼻锥118可相对于歧管204向远侧/向近侧平移。外伸长中空构件轴114可相对于歧管204向远侧/向近侧平移。鼻锥118的远侧推进可露出并释放假体70的第一端301,而外伸长中空构件轴114的近侧推进可露出并释放假体70的第二端303。特别地,此方法可用于经心尖递送途径。
如图8的示意图所示,系绳212的第一端(例如,固定端)可附接到歧管204,诸如在歧管204的远端,但是附接位置没有限制。系绳212可缠绕在歧管204的远端处的突出部236周围(如图11A所示),或者可以以其它方式诸如用夹具、锁定件、摩擦等物理约束在歧管204上。在一些实施方式中,系绳212可化学地附贴到歧管204。系绳212可从歧管204向近侧延伸并穿过假体70的孔眼(例如,孔)214,如图4-6的假体的第一端301中所示。在一些实施方式中,图2-3的假体还可包括如所示的在接头74上的孔214。然而,可选地,系绳212可以以其它方式缠绕在假体70周围或与假体70可释放地相互作用/连接,诸如图2-3中所示的那些假体,并且本公开不对假体70通过孔或附接机构进行限制。
在附接到假体70之后,系绳212可从假体70向远侧延伸(例如,朝向歧管204),其中系绳212的第二端(例如,临时端或可移除端)可附接到,例如,释放销208上。系绳212可诸如通过环套在释放销208的部分周围而附接到释放销208,但是具体的附接没有限制。因此,在假体70扩张之后,可通过使用系绳212将假体70(特别是第一端301)保持在递送系统100上。另外,如图所示,歧管204和/或释放销208和/或轴承206可大致位于扩张状态下的假体70的远侧。在一些实施方式中,第二歧管可位于假体70的近侧,并且类似的构型可用于将第二端303附接到次级歧管。可选地,附接到手柄110的系绳环套可至少部分地围绕第二端303以减慢扩张,诸如美国专利公开号2017/0056169中讨论的。
此外,图8显示了处于展开且扩张状态的假体70的示意图,其中假体70相对自由地浮动,但是仍通过系绳212附接到递送系统100。如图所示,系绳212可附接到假体70的第一端301的部分。如更详细讨论的,可将扩张的假体70折绉(例如,压缩),使得第一端301缠绕在歧管204的外圆周表面205或递送系统100的其它部分周围,以用于使第一端301初始扩张或用于将第一端301重新捕获。具体地,在递送系统和假体70之间系绳212的缠绕(spooling)(或张紧)和解绕(unspooling)(或放松)可使假体70折绉/展开。
递送系统100可包括与假体70上的孔214相比相同、更多、或更少的系绳212。在一些实施方式中,递送系统100可使用1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20根系绳212以将假体70与递送系统100连接。在一些实施方式中,每个孔214都容纳不同的系绳212。在一些实施方式中,系绳212可穿过多个孔214。尽管为了方便起见,图8仅显示了两根系绳,但是应当理解,图2-6的瓣膜的每个孔214都可接收不同的系绳,或者可能不需要这些孔。在一些实施方式中,可使用单根不间断的系绳212。系绳212可被配置以在某些实施方式中拉伸,或者在其它实施方式中相对不可拉伸。
如上所述,系绳212的第二端可诸如通过如图8所示可沿释放销208滑动的系绳环套可释放地附接到释放销208上。在一些实施方式中,每根系绳212可附接到不同的释放销208。在一些实施方式中,释放销208可通过多根系绳212来附接。在一些实施方式中,系绳212可附接到多于一个的释放销208。
在一些实施方式中,释放销208具有大致L形状,其中笔直部分214附接到弯曲部分216以形成如图9所示的L形。在某些实施方案中,弯曲部分216可位于释放销208的近端。在一些实施方式中,笔直部分214可由释放销208的长度的90%、95%、98%或99%构成。在一些实施方式中,弯曲部分216可相对于笔直部分214成大约80°、85°、90°、95°、100°、105°、110°、115°、120°或125°的角度。在一些实施方式中,释放销208可具有扩大的销头而不是弯曲部分216,或者可具有其它机构以防止向远侧移动穿过释放盘210。在一些实施方式中,释放销208可包括螺纹,其中在向近侧平移时释放销208旋转。
如图10所示,当处于锁定位置时,释放销208的笔直部分214可朝向歧管204的内近侧表面向远侧延伸。在一些实施方式中,歧管204可包括缺口或其它捕获机构以接收笔直部分214的远端。如图所示,笔直部分214可延伸穿过轴承206中的孔,轴承206可位于歧管204内以确保销208保持对准。在销208的近端附近,销208的笔直部分214穿过释放盘210中的孔,而弯曲部分216仍在销保持面上的释放盘210的近端上,从而防止销208的任何向远侧的移动——由于弯曲部分216未装配穿过释放盘210中的孔。此外,当销208将毗邻缝合线引导件218的远端时,销208的过度的近侧移动被阻止,其中过度的近侧移动会释放系绳212。因此,如图8和10所示,在锁定位置中,系绳212的第二端保持在轴承206和释放盘210之间的销208上,从而防止系绳212的可释放端释放(并从而防止假体70的释放)。
当期望将假体70从递送系统100释放时,释放盘210可诸如由用户在递送系统100的手柄110处向近侧平移(例如,拉动、移动),从而在弯曲部分216上提供近侧力并相对于轴承206向近侧拉动销208。用户可拉动手柄110的部分,或者激活致动器(如按钮或旋钮)以撤回释放盘210。一旦将销208向近侧完全拉动穿过轴承206,笔直部分212就会脱离轴承206,并且当轴承206不再阻碍系绳212的第二端的路径时,系绳212被释放(系绳212的第一端继续留在歧管204上)。在一些实施方式中,由于系绳212在附接时处于张紧状态,因此一旦将销208从轴承206释放,系绳212就自动从销208释放。在一些实施方式中,系绳212可由用户手动地从销208移除。一旦系绳212的第二端从销208释放,假体70就可从递送系统100完全释放。
图10示例了图8所示的递送系统的远端的更详细的实施方式,并且包括可在一些实施方式中使用的一些其它部件。例如,图10示例了两个轴——销锁定轴220和歧管轴222,歧管轴222同心地位于销锁定轴220的腔内。歧管轴222的远端可连接到歧管204,如图10所示。如下讨论的,销锁定轴220的远端可连接到释放盘210和/或系绳引导件218。如上所述的,销锁定轴220可诸如由用户在递送系统100的手柄110处向远侧和向近侧平移以释放销208。歧管轴222还可包括用于其它部件(诸如上文讨论的鼻锥轴)穿过的腔。此外,如下所述的,销锁定轴220或歧管轴222,或两个轴都可被配置以诸如通过用户在递送系统100的手柄110处旋转而相对于彼此旋转移动。另外,外伸长中空构件轴114可在销锁定轴220上平移以压缩假体70。因此,销锁定轴220和歧管轴222可位于外伸长中空构件轴114的腔内。
如图10所示,递送系统100的一些实施方式可包括位于释放盘210近侧的系绳引导件218。系绳引导件218可包括多个孔以供系绳212穿过,从而防止系绳212缠结,并有助于使假体70折绉/展开。如图所示,系绳可从歧管204延伸以进入系绳引导件218的远端,并穿过假体70从系绳引导件218的近端穿出,并向远侧返回到释放销208。然而,此具体方法没有限制,并且系绳可进入/离开系绳引导件218的任一侧。在一些实施方式中,系绳引导件218附接到释放盘210。在一些实施方式中,可以不使用系绳引导件218。在一些实施方式中,系绳引导件218可以仅是防止销208向近侧移动的突出部。
移至个别部件,图11A-11C示例了从递送系统100移除的歧管204。歧管206可包括远端232和近端234。歧管206的尺寸可被设定以装配在鼻锥内,或毗邻抵靠鼻锥的近端。如图所示,远端232可包括包围环形间隙238的接头齿冠(例如,突出部、爪(jaws))236,环形间隙238转而包围凸起的圆形突出部240。突出部240可包括大致处于中间且从近侧向远侧延伸的孔242,孔242可接收一个或多个轴,如鼻锥轴。
接头236可用于将系绳212的一端缠绕/卷绕(诸如通过使用环套),从而将系绳212保持在歧管204上。在一些实施方式中,接头236可向内弯曲或压扁以永久地保持系绳212的端部。在一些实施方式中,系绳212可通过其它手段(诸如通过粘合剂或机械紧固)永久地附贴到歧管204。如图所示,歧管204可包括用于十二根系绳212的十二个接头236,但是接头的具体数量并不限制本公开。可存在与系绳212相同数量的接头236。例如,可存在2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个接头236。径向向内移动是具有大致环形形状的间隙238,而间隙238向内是凸起的圆形突出部240。间隙238的尺寸可被设定成被配置以允许突出部236弯曲到间隙238中以保持系绳212。
向近侧移动,歧管204的直径可以减小,例如以步阶减小的方式,但是在其它实施方式中直径不减小。因此,歧管204的近端234可具有比远端232更小的直径,如直径的1/4、1/3或1/2。这使得假体70的第一端301可在台阶近侧,诸如在表面205处,在完全折绉的位置中圆周地围绕近端234并且可在远端232的直径内,使得假体70在重新捕获时不被鼻锥118卡住。如图11B所示,近端234可包括比远端232上的孔242直径更大的孔244,孔244从近侧向远侧延伸。孔244可在歧管204内形成例如大致圆柱形的中空空间243。因此,歧管轴222可装配在孔244内并进入中空空间,但不延伸穿过孔242。此外,如图10所示,中空空间可接收轴承206。
图11C示例了具有轴承206的歧管204的横截面。在一些实施方式中,诸如图10所示,中空空间243可包括缺口246以接收并保持轴承206。在一些实施方式中,轴承206可卡配到歧管204中。
接下来,图12显示了轴承206。如图所示,轴承206可大致塑形如同环或圆柱,但是具体形状没有限制。轴承206可包括从近侧向远侧延伸的中心孔(或腔)252,中心孔252的尺寸可被设定以接收歧管轴222,歧管轴222可将鼻锥轴保持在其内腔中。轴承206还可包括环绕其圆周的、从近侧向远侧延伸的多个较小的孔254。孔254的尺寸可被设定以接收释放销208的笔直部分214。在一些实施方式中,孔254可环绕圆周均匀地间隔。孔254的数量可与存在的释放销208相等,例如2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个孔254。然而,在一些实施方案中,孔254可以比释放销208更多。
此外,在某些实施方案中,轴承206可在轴承206的外圆周表面上包括槽口256。在一些实施方案中,槽口可与孔254对准。在一些实施方式中,歧管204的内表面可包括与槽口256配合的突出部,以进行适当的初始对准,但是在初始插入之后轴承206在歧管204内自由地圆周旋转。其它实施方案在轴承206上包括突出部并在歧管204的内表面上包括槽口。在一些实施方式中,在轴承206上不使用槽口。在一些实施方式中,轴承206在歧管204内并围绕歧管轴222自由地圆周旋转。这允许释放销208相对于释放盘210适当对准。
在递送系统100上向近侧移动,图13示例了释放盘210和系绳引导件218的组合。如图所示,中心轴262可连接释放盘210和系绳引导件218的中心,使得这些部件在纵向上间隔开。释放盘210、系绳引导件218和中心轴262可包括单个腔264,以使诸如歧管轴222的轴穿过。中心轴262可具有比系绳引导件218和释放盘210小的直径。在一些实施方式中,不使用中心轴262,并且系绳引导件218和释放盘210可以是两个分开的部件。例如,释放盘210可位于销锁定轴220的远端处,而系绳引导件218可在销锁定轴220上与释放盘210向近侧间隔。释放盘210和系绳引导件218两者可以是大致圆柱形或环状形状。
释放盘210可类似于上文讨论的轴承206,并且可具有多个孔266,孔266从近侧向远侧延伸并且环绕外圆周间隔以接收释放销208。孔266的尺寸可被设定以接收释放销208的笔直部分214,但防止弯曲部分216向远侧平移。在一些实施方式中,孔266可环绕圆周均匀地间隔,并且大致可与轴承206上的孔254对准。孔266的数量可与释放销208的数量相等,例如2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11或12个孔266。在一些实施方式中,孔266比释放销208多。
系绳引导件218还可包括在外圆周上的多个孔268,孔268从近侧向远侧延伸,被配置以允许系绳212穿过。在一些实施方式中,可存在与系绳212或歧管204上的突出部236一样多的孔268。例如,可存在2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20个孔268。系绳引导件218可具有与释放盘210相同的直径,或者可具有比释放盘210更大的直径。
图14示例了显示一个销208的递送系统的远端的横截面。为了清楚起见,图15A-15B示例了移除了歧管204的远侧递送系统,显示出释放盘210和轴承206之间的销208的连接。
如上讨论的,递送系统100的实施方式可用于在扩张之后保持假体70。因此,通过在释放假体70后移动递送系统100,可在患者体内移动假体70。
有利地,递送系统100中的部件可被扭转或旋转以在假体70上,特别是在系绳212附接的第一端301上提供折绉/展开力。具体地,歧管轴222可在销锁定轴220的腔内圆周旋转。可选地,销锁定轴220可相对于歧管轴222圆周旋转。这可由用户,例如在手柄110处,诸如通过旋钮或其它致动器来完成。因此,歧管204(保持系绳212的第一端)可相对于接合销208(保持系绳212的第二端)旋转。因此,当系绳212的端部远离彼此移动时,系绳212将被拉紧,而当端部朝向彼此移动时,系绳212将会松弛。系绳212的这种变紧和松弛将径向向内拉动假体70的第一端301,从而使假体70折绉/展开。当假体70被折绉时,鼻锥可在假体70的第一端301上滑动以重新捕获假体70。
所公开的递送系统100的实施方式可诸如以经心尖途径插入患者内。假体70可大致与天然二尖瓣(或其它瓣膜)对准。鼻锥118可向远侧推进,从而露出假体70的第一端301,这允许假体70开始扩张。假体70仍由系绳212附接在递送系统100。此外,外伸长中空构件轴114可向近侧平移以释放假体70的第二端303,这允许假体70完全扩张,同时仍由系绳212与递送系统100连接。
在假体70完全扩张后,可确定假体70是否位于患者体内的适当位置。如有需要,歧管轴222和销锁定轴220可相对于彼此圆周旋转以至少使假体70的第一端301折绉。然后鼻锥118可向近侧缩回以覆盖第一端301,使得假体70可被重新定位或从患者撤回。
一旦假体70处于正确位置,就可将其从递送系统100释放。例如,销锁定轴220可向近侧平移,从而将销208从轴承206释放。一旦释放,系绳212就从销208释放,从而使假体70与递送系统100分离。然后可通过假体70中的腔撤回递送系统100,从而移除。在一些实施方式中,使鼻锥向近侧缩回并且外伸长中空构件轴可向远侧推进,使得这两个部件彼此接触。这可减缓移除期间递送系统100卡在假体70上的任何问题。在其它实施方案中,在释放假体70以移除递送系统100之后,无需移动鼻锥和外伸长中空构件轴。
尽管上面的描述讨论了利用系绳和销以将假体可释放连接,但是也可使用其它接合机构,并且本公开不会因此受到限制。例如,系绳可通过夹子、锁定件或夹具可释放地附接到递送系统110的部分。另外,可以使用摩擦部件或化学品/粘合剂,其可通过施加的力大于由扩张的假体70施加的力来克服。此外,可操纵诸如在递送系统100的手柄110处的其它锁定结构以释放系绳的一个或多个端部。因此,尽管上述系绳可用于将假体70连接到手柄110,但其它方法或释放也可以使用,并且本公开不会因此受到限制。
在一些实施方式中,如上文描述的类似的结构,但是近侧/远侧颠倒,也可用于保持假体70的第二端303。例如,歧管204可位于假体70的近侧,并且假体70和歧管204的位置可颠倒(例如,第一端301在第二端303的近侧)。因此,系绳引导件218和释放盘210将在假体70的远测对准。因此,诸如美国专利公开号2017/0056171(特此以其全部内容并入)中描述的经间隔递送系统可与上文讨论的部件一起使用。例如,外保持环/中间轴和内保持环/内轴可用上文讨论的歧管/锁定轴替代。
瓣膜折绉和倾斜环
公开了用于在部署后辅助假体重新捕获和重新定位的瓣膜折绉和倾斜环(例如,折绉环)的实施方式。在一些实施方式中,在瓣膜从递送系统部分或完全扩张之后能够将假体70重新定位会是有利的。此外,由于多种原因,诸如心脏内的不正确定位,可能需要部分或完全重新捕获部分或完全扩张的假体70。所公开的环的实施方式可任选地关于上文讨论的缝合保持机构进行使用。然而,在一些实施方式中,不使用环。此外,可以在没有上文讨论的缝合保持系统的情况下使用环系统。
在一些实施方式中,环可用于使假体70折绉,而不是上文讨论的旋转扭转的歧管轴222。在一些实施方式中,环可装配在递送系统100的鼻锥118内。例如,环可在鼻锥118内自由浮动。在一些实施方式中,环可允许鼻锥118具有30French的外径、27French的外径、或小于30French或小于27French的外径。
图16A-16B示例了环400的不同视图。环400包括主体402,在一些实施方式中,是大致圆形或环形的主体,其中大的中心腔404从近侧向远侧延伸,并且多个孔406从近侧向远侧延伸通过主体402。尽管图16A-16B的环400的厚度(例如,从近侧向远侧)小于直径,但是在一些实施方式中,厚度可等于或大于直径,从而形成管或圆柱而不是环。
腔404的尺寸可被设定以接收并围绕假体70的部分,特别是假体70的第一端301,连同将假体70附接到上面讨论的歧管204的系绳212。在任何折绉之前,环400可位于假体70的远侧。
如上所述,环400可包括多个较小的孔406。在一些实施方式中,它们围绕环400的圆周均匀地间隔。在一些实施方式中,它们围绕环400的圆周不均匀地间隔。环400可包括1、2、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个孔404。在一些实施方式中,孔406可以有槽口。
孔404可被配置以接收并保持缝合线(例如,系绳、线、绳索、带)的端部,缝合线的端部可例如通过各种轴的腔向近侧延伸穿过递送系统100。图17中显示了附接并延伸远离的缝合线408(在这种情况下是三根缝合线)的示例。缝合线408可穿过孔404并形成围绕环400的环套,或者可通过其它机械/粘合方法附接。缝合线408的第二端可通过离开递送系统100或附接到递送系统100的手柄110中的旋钮/开关/致动器而延伸至用户。假体70可部分或完全径向地位于缝合线408内,在环400近侧。环400可能不进一步重新附接到递送系统100。
当沿近侧方向拉动缝合线408中的一根时,环400则可沿拉动方向倾斜。当附接到假体70的缝合线212保持在环400内时,如图18所示,此力还引起假体70的倾斜。因此,假体70在从递送系统100扩张后可在三维空间中移动。换句话说,单独的缝合线408的张力的不均等加载允许假体70的倾斜,这在植入期间在使假体70重新定位上将是有用的。
此外,当环400被所有缝合线408同时向近侧拉动时,附接到假体70的缝合线212可被向内压缩到腔404中,并且假体70的第一端301可被压缩以装配在腔404内,如图18所示。因此,环400可沿缝合线212“骑乘(ride)”,从而径向向内压缩缝合线212。环400的进一步向近侧的拉动和移动可沿假体70的至少部分滑动,并且在一些实施方式中可完全滑动到假体70的近侧。当腔404的直径小于、等于、或略微大于第一端301的直径时,第一端301可被压缩以装配在腔404内。这可允许鼻锥118在第一端301上向后滑动,从而将假体70重新捕获在递送系统100中。
瓣膜的释放
图19-24的实施方式示例了操作递送系统100并将腔内框架组件(如假体70)释放到原位目标位置处的腔内组织的方法的步骤。此方法的步骤可在假体70在外伸长中空构件轴114内处于径向压缩的状态时执行。在一些实施方式中,在假体70的第一端301和第二端303之间延伸的假体70的纵向轴线可与递送系统100的一个或多个轴的纵向轴线平行和/或同心。此方法的步骤可用于将置换心脏瓣膜经心尖递送到二尖瓣位置。
图19示例了假体70位于递送位置的递送系统100的横截面。为了简化图示,图19中显示了仅示例其金属框架的假体70,并且已移除上文讨论的缝合系统。如图所示,外伸长中空构件轴114覆盖假体70,从而防止假体70,特别是第二端303的扩张。此外,假体70的心室锚定件80朝手柄110向近侧延伸,其中外伸长中空构件轴114径向地约束向近侧指向的心室锚定件80。外伸长中空构件轴114向远侧延伸到覆盖内部保持构件134的鼻锥118。假体70的第一端12被定位成支柱72保持在上文讨论的缝合系统中并被鼻锥118覆盖。此外,在一些实施方式中,系绳136在外伸长中空构件轴114内从手柄110向远侧延伸,穿过引导构件226中的一个,并且缠绕在假体70周围,更优选地缠绕在向近侧延伸的心室锚定件80周围。然后系绳136向近侧延伸到位于锁定轴122内的系绳保持构件134,其中系绳136的端部如上所述被锁定在适当位置。
接下来参考图20的步骤,一旦递送系统100将假体70定位在原位目标位置处,就可通过向近侧缩回外伸长中空构件轴114和/或向远侧推进鼻锥118而使外伸长中空构件轴114相对远离鼻锥118移动,以露出假体70的至少部分,特别是假体70的第二端303。如图20所示,在此阶段期间,假体70中可能有略微的鼓起。
接下来参考图21的步骤,外伸长中空构件轴114可进一步相对远离鼻锥118移动,以进一步露出假体70。如示例的实施方式中所示,假体70的第二端303已经露出,其中系绳136是限制假体70的框架的径向尺寸的唯一部件。通过在系绳136上维持张力,系绳136可继续至少部分地限制第二端的径向尺寸,并且可有利地减小第二端径向扩张的速度。用户可在手柄110处持续释放系绳136,直到假体70的第二端完全扩张。在一些实施方式中,系绳136可被配置使得当第二端303完全露出时,第一端301仍处于完全压缩的状态。
应当注意,在此步骤期间,假体70的第一端301可仍被鼻锥118覆盖,使得第一端301仍处于径向压缩的状态。此外,如示例的实施方式中所示,假体70的第二端303在径向尺寸上至少部分地扩张,其中心室锚定件80已被翻转以向远侧延伸远离假体70的第二端(并且向远侧延伸远离手柄110)。通过用系绳136控制假体70的第二端303的扩张,当心室锚定件80从向近侧延伸到向远测延伸进行反转时,用户可以使心室锚定件80卡在周围组织上的风险最低。
如图22所示,一旦假体70的第二端303完全扩张,锁定轴122就可相对向近侧移动以暴露系绳保持构件134,从而允许系绳136从系绳保持构件134完全释放。
接下来,如图23所示,系绳保持部件134释放了系绳136的端部138。应当注意,在此步骤期间,假体70的第一端301可仍被鼻锥118覆盖,使得第一端301仍处于径向压缩的状态。如下文讨论的,此时系绳136和端部138可向近侧缩回到递送系统100中。在一些实施方式中,不使用系绳136和锁定轴122。
接下来参考图24的步骤,缝合线保持机构,如上文详细讨论的歧管204可相对远离鼻锥118移动,使得假体70的第一端可径向扩张到其完全扩张构型。这可通过相对于歧管204向远侧移动鼻锥118和/或相对于鼻锥118向近侧移动歧管204来实现。如所讨论的,假体70可在完全扩张状态下仍附接到递送系统100,直到如上讨论的将缝合线释放。
在假体70扩张和释放之后,可将不同的远端附接部件和鼻锥118通过假体70的中心撤回并进入外伸长中空构件轴114。
递送装置100可在如图19所示预先安装了假体70的情况下提供给用户。在其它实施方式中,假体70可在使用之前不久,诸如由医师或护士装载到递送装置100上。
关于瓣膜的释放的进一步讨论在美国专利公开号2017/0056169中进行了描述,特此通过引用以其全部内容并入。
插入方法
图25示例了与递送装置100一起使用的经心尖途径。如图所示,递送装置100可通过心脏的心尖7进入二尖瓣。如图25所示,导丝2001通过心尖7附近的穿刺或开口9推进到心脏的左心室6中。可通过有限的胸廓切开术、小的套管针穿刺、或小的导管穿刺进入心脏。在导丝2001就位的情况下,医生可如上公开的将装置100插入到左心室6并部署心脏瓣膜。在一些实施方式中,不使用导丝。球囊可被插入到左心房1078中并扩张,以确认导丝2001尚未推进通过任何腱索110或乳头肌。
在一些实施方式中,假体70可在荧光检查下递送,使得用户可查看某些参考点以适当地将假体70定位。此外,超声心动描记术可用于假体70的适当定位。
图26-28B示例了将假体70递送到心脏中适当位置的方法的实施方式的不同步骤。
在将递送系统100插入之前,可将进入患者的入路部位进行扩张。此外,在使用之前,可用例如肝素化盐水冲洗扩张器。然后可在导丝2001上将递送系统100插入。
递送系统100可被推进直到递送系统100的远端通过左心室1070和二尖瓣瓣环106进入左心房1078。因此,递送系统100的远端可位于左心房1078中。在一些实施方式中,递送系统100可诸如在荧光检查下旋转到期望位置中。可使用超声描记术和荧光检查引导来验证递送系统100和内部的假体70的位置。
在一些实施方式中,在释放之前假体70可位于二尖瓣瓣环106上方,与二尖瓣瓣环106成一直线、刚好在二尖瓣瓣环106下方、或在二尖瓣瓣环106下方。在一些实施方式中,在扩张之前假体70可位于二尖瓣瓣环106上方,与二尖瓣瓣环106成一直线、刚好在二尖瓣瓣环106下方、或完全在二尖瓣瓣环106下方。在一些实施方式中,在扩张之前假体70可部分地位于二尖瓣瓣环106上方,与二尖瓣瓣环106成一直线、或部分地位于二尖瓣瓣环106下方。
在一些实施方式中,可在荧光检查监视器上标记二尖瓣平面的位置和任意乳头肌2004的高度以指示示例性目标着陆区。
此外,递送系统100可被定位成与二尖瓣瓣环106同轴,或至少尽可能地同轴,同时仍减少与左心室壁、左心房壁、和/或二尖瓣瓣环106的接触并减小递送系统张力。可放置回声探针以查看二尖瓣前小叶(AML)、二尖瓣后小叶(PML)(小叶108)、二尖瓣瓣环106和流出道。利用荧光检查和回声成像,可确认假体70要定位的具体深度和与二尖瓣瓣环106的同轴度。
之后,将假体70对准成大致垂直于二尖瓣瓣环106,然后将伸长中空构件轴114缩回以暴露左心室锚定件80。在一些实施方式中,一旦暴露,伸长中空构件轴114就可在方向上反转以减轻伸长中空构件轴114上的张力。系绳136可防止假体70快速扩张。
图27A中显示了用于释放心室锚定件80的递送系统100的位置的实施方式。如图所示,心室锚定件80可诸如通过外伸长中空构件轴114的近侧移动在左心房1078中释放。在一些实施方式中,仅心室锚定件80从递送系统100释放。在一些实施方式中,假体70的心室端不随着心室锚定件80的释放而扩张。然而,在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80中的一个或多个可在左心房1078中释放(例如,环上释放)、大致与二尖瓣瓣环106对准(例如,环内释放)、或者刚好在二尖瓣瓣环106下方(例如,环下释放)。在一些实施方式中,所有心室锚定件80均可一起释放。在其它实施方式中,可在处于第一位置时释放心室锚定件80的子集,并可在处于第二位置时释放心室锚定件80的另一子集。
如上文详细讨论的,在从递送系统100释放后,心室锚定件80可从向远侧延伸翻转到向近侧延伸。因此,在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在左心房1078中翻转(例如,环上翻转)、大致与二尖瓣瓣环106对准(例如,环内翻转)、或者在二尖瓣瓣环106下方翻转(例如,环下翻转)。心室锚定件80可在左心房1078中释放并翻转(或大致上与二尖瓣瓣环106对准)或在左心室1080中翻转和释放。心房锚定件82可仍在递送系统100内。在一些实施方式中,所有心室锚定件80均可一起翻转。在其它实施方式中,心室锚定件80的子集可在处于第一位置时翻转,并且心室锚定件80的另一子集可在处于第二位置时释放。例如,心室锚定件80中的一些可在左心房1078中翻转,并且心室锚定件80中的一些可在与二尖瓣瓣环106大致对准或者刚好在二尖瓣瓣环106下方时翻转。
在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在非翻转位置中与瓣环106成直线地定位。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在翻转位置中与瓣环106成直线地定位。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在非翻转位置中刚好在瓣环106下方。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在翻转位置中刚好在瓣环106下方。在一些实施方式中,在翻转假体70的心室侧之前,可将其定位在二尖瓣瓣环106内或下方。然而,在不使递送系统100发生任何其它移动的情况下,翻转锚定件可使假体70的心室侧/锚定件80向上移动,从而将其移动到左心房1078中或者使其移动成与二尖瓣瓣环106成一直线。因此,在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在瓣环106处开始翻转,但是在翻转后就完全位于左心房1078内。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在瓣环106下方开始翻转,但是在翻转后就大致与瓣环106成一直线。
在一些实施方式中,在释放并翻转后,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣小叶108的自由边缘的远侧(例如,朝向左心房1078)。在一些实施方式中,在释放并翻转后,心室锚定件80可与二尖瓣小叶108的自由边缘对准(例如,朝向左心房1078)。在一些实施方式中,在释放并翻转后,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣瓣环106的自由边缘的远侧(例如,朝向左心房1078)。在一些实施方式中,在释放并翻转后,心室锚定件80可与二尖瓣瓣环106的自由边缘对准(例如,朝向左心房1078)。在一些实施方式中,在释放并翻转后,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣小叶108的自由边缘的近侧(例如,朝向左心室1080)。
因此,在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在腱索110与天然小叶108的自由边缘附接处的上方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在一些腱索110与天然小叶108的自由边缘附接处的上方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在所有腱索110与天然小叶108的自由边缘附接处的上方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣瓣环106上方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣小叶108上方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可大致与二尖瓣瓣环106对齐地释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可大致与二尖瓣小叶108成一直线地释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80的尖端可大致与二尖瓣瓣环106成一直线地释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80的尖端可大致与二尖瓣小叶108成一直线地释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在一些腱索110与天然小叶108的自由边缘附接处的下方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在所有腱索110与天然小叶108的自由边缘附接处的下方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣瓣环106下方释放/翻转。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在二尖瓣小叶108下方释放/翻转。
一旦心室锚定件80被释放并翻转,递送系统100就可通过二尖瓣瓣环106朝向左心室1080往回平移,使得心室锚定件80进入左心室1080,如图27B所示。在一些实施方式中,在穿过二尖瓣瓣环106时,心室锚定件80压缩。在一些实施方式中,在穿过二尖瓣瓣环106时,假体70可以压缩。在一些实施方式中,在穿过二尖瓣瓣环106时,假体70不压缩。可在左心室1080内乳头肌头部和小叶108之间的任何地方来释放系统100。
在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80在穿过二尖瓣瓣环106之前完全扩张,诸如系绳136被完全释放。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80在穿过二尖瓣瓣环106之前部分地扩张,诸如系绳136维持张力,而递送系统100的继续操作可使左心室1080中的心室锚定件80完全扩张。
在心室锚定件80进入左心室1080时,心室锚定件80可穿过腱索并在二尖瓣小叶108后面移动,从而捕获小叶108。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80和/或假体70的其它部分可将腱索110和/或二尖瓣小叶108向外推动。
因此,在释放心室锚定件80之后,则可根据需要将递送系统100重新定位,使得左心室锚定件80的端部处于天然二尖瓣小叶的自由边缘的相同水平,如图27B所示。如果可能,递送系统100还可被定位成与二尖瓣瓣环106同轴,同时仍减少与左心室壁、左心房壁、和/或瓣环106接触。
如上所示,在一些实施方式中,在假体1010移动到瓣环内或瓣环下的某个位置之前,仅将心室锚定件80释放在左心房1078中。在一些可选实施方式中,假体70的远端可在左心房1078中进一步扩张,如图27C所示。因此,代替心室锚定件80翻转并且假体70主体的部分没有扩张,可使假体70的部分暴露并且允许其在左心房1078中扩张。然后,此部分暴露的假体70可穿过瓣环106进入左心室1080,如图27D所示。此外,可以暴露心房锚定件82。与图27A-27B相比,这是一种可选方法。在一些实施方式中,整个假体70都可在左心房1078内扩张。
为了促进穿过瓣环106,递送系统100可包括前导元件(未显示),该前导元件在假体10穿过瓣环106之前穿过瓣环106。例如,前导元件可包括可扩张构件,如可扩张球囊,可扩张构件可帮助维持瓣环106的形状或使其扩张。前导元件可具有锥形或圆形形状(例如,圆锥形、截头圆锥形、半球形),以促进通过环106定位和扩张。在一些实施方式中,递送系统100可包括接合元件(未显示),该接合元件可在假体70上施加力以迫使假体70通过瓣环106。例如,接合元件可包括定位在假体70内或上方的可扩张构件,如可扩张球囊。在一些实施方式中,接合元件可包括一根或多根系绳。
然而,如果仅心室锚定件80被翻转,并且没有发生如图27A-27B所示的其它扩张,则可跳过图27C所示的扩张,并可替代地将假体在心室1080中部分地扩张到图27D所示的位置。因此,在假体70处于适当位置中时,可允许远端扩张以捕获小叶108。如果远端已经扩张,如图27C所示,则不再发生扩张,或者远端可进一步扩张。
此外,可例如通过调节假体70的深度和角度来捕获PML和AML 108。图27E显示了在捕获小叶108之后假体70的位置。如果需要较大的假体直径来捕获小叶108,则可将伸长中空构件轴114缩回,直到达到期望的假体70的直径。小叶108的捕获可通过回声成像来确认。在一些实施方式中,用户可确认假体70仍处于适当的深度并且尚未推进到左心室1080中。可根据需要来调整位置。
在一些实施方式中,一旦心室锚定件80进入左心室1080,就可向上推动(例如,朝向左心房1078)系统100以完全捕获小叶108,如图27E所示。在一些实施方式中,系统100无需向后拉动以捕获小叶108。在一些实施方式中,收缩压可向上推动小叶108以被心室锚定件80捕获。在一些实施方式中,用户可在向后拉动递送系统100之前和/或同时使递送系统100和/或假体1010旋转。在某些情况下,这可有益地接合更多数量的腱索。
可诸如通过使递送系统100平移或旋转来将递送系统100操纵为相对于二尖瓣瓣环106同轴且相对于二尖瓣瓣环106的高度。根据需要,可将假体70重新定位以捕获天然二尖瓣小叶108的自由边缘。一旦确认小叶108完全接合,就可将假体70设置为垂直(或大致垂直)于二尖瓣瓣环平面。可继续释放系绳136以继续使假体70扩张。
随后,鼻锥118可向远侧推进,直到假体70的第一端301和左心房锚定件82暴露并且假体70扩张,如图27F所示。然后可将鼻锥118在方向上反转以减轻递送系统100上的任何张力。如上文详细讨论的,假体70仍可通过系绳构型与递送系统100连接。如果确定假体70处于正确位置中,则可释放系绳并且可将假体70从递送系统100释放。
在一些实施方式中,心房锚定件82可不从系统10释放,直到心室锚定件80已捕获小叶108。在一些实施方式中,在心室锚定件80捕获小叶108之前,可将心房锚定件82从系统10释放。在一些实施方式中,在心室锚定件80在环上或环内时,可将心房锚定件82释放并且可使扩张的假体70(部分或完全扩张)平移通过二尖瓣瓣环106。
之后,可确认小叶的捕获和假体70的定位,连同相对于二尖瓣瓣环平面的相对垂直的位置。假体70的适当定位可使用TEE和荧光检查成像来确认。
随后,递送系统100可集中在假体70内。鼻锥118可平移成与外伸长中空构件轴114齐平。然后可将递送系统100缩回到左心房1078中并移除。
环内上释放(intra-super annulus release)可具有许多优点。例如,这允许在接触腱索110时使心室锚定件80适当地对准。如果在左心室1080中释放心室锚定件80,则可能会导致未对准或损坏心脏组织,例如小叶108或腱索110。
图28A-28B示例了释放假体70的可选方法。如图28A所示,可在释放假体70之前将递送系统100平移到左心室1080中。因此,如图28A所示,在外伸长中空构件轴114向近侧缩回后,假体70的心室端,并因此心室锚定件80可被释放并部分地翻转,或者在左心室1080内完全翻转。因此,在一些实施方式中,锚定件80可在二尖瓣瓣环106下方和/或在小叶108的自由边缘下方释放/翻转。此外,锚定件80可在乳头肌头部上方释放。然后可使用如上讨论的类似方法来适当地定位假体70并移除递送系统100,以将假体70递送到图27F所示的位置。在一些实施方式中,假体70的腰部在释放期间可与小叶108的自由边缘平齐。在一些实施方式中,心室锚定件80可在心室1080中释放而不使假体70主体扩张,诸如上文关于图27A-27B详细讨论的。
在本文描述的任何程序中,用户可在过程的任何步骤利用快速起搏。在某些情况下,这可促进将假体1010定位和/或锚定到天然组织。
根据前面的描述,将认识到公开了用于植入物递送系统的创造性产品和方法。尽管已经以一定程度的特殊性描述了若干部件、技术和方面,但是很明显,可在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可对上文描述的具体设计、构造和方法作出多种改变。
在本公开中于单独的实施方案的背景下所描述的某些特征也可在单一实施方案中组合实施。相反,在单一实施方案的背景下所描述的各种特征也可分别在多个实施方案中或者以任意适合的子组合来实施。此外,尽管上文可将特征描述为以某些组合的方式起作用,但是在某些情况下,可从该组合中切除来自所要求保护的组合的一个或多个特征,并且可要求该组合作为任何子组合或任何子组合的变体而受到保护。
此外,尽管可以特定顺序在附图中描绘或在说明书中来描述方法,但是无需以所示的特定顺序或以顺序性顺序来执行这样的方法,并且无需执行所有方法来实现期望的结果。未描绘或描述的其它方法可并入示例性方法和过程中。例如,可在任何所描述的方法之前、之后、同时、或之间执行一种或多种其它方法。此外,方法可在其它实施方案中重新排列或重新排序。此外,上文描述的实施方案中的各种系统部件的分离不应被理解为在所有实施方案中都需要这种分离,并且应当理解,所描述的部件和系统通常可一起集成在单个产品中或包装成多个产品。另外,其它实施方案也在本公开的范围内。
除非另有明确说明或在所使用的上下文中以其它方式理解,否则条件性语言,如“能够”、“可”、“可能”、或“可以”通常旨在传达某些实施方式包括或不包括某些特征、元素和/或步骤。因此,这种条件语言通常不旨在暗示特征、元素和/或步骤以任何方式对于一个或多个实施方式都是必需的。
除非另有具体说明,否则诸如短语“X、Y和Z中的至少一个”之类的连接性语在所用的背景下要理解为通常用来传达某个项目、术语等可以是X、Y或Z。因此,这种连接性语言通常不旨在暗示某些实施方式要求存在X中的至少一个、Y中的至少一个和Z中的至少一个。
本文所用的程度语言,如本文所用的术语“大约”、“约”、“大致”和“基本上”表示接近仍执行某种期望的功能或达到某种期望的结果的所述值、量或特性的值、量或特性。例如,术语“大约”、“约”、“大致”和“基本上”可以指在小于或等于所述值的10%以内、在小于或等于所述值的5%以内、在小于或等于5所述值的5%以内、在小于或等于所述值的1%以内、小于或等于所述值的0.1%以内、和在小于或等于所述值的0.01%以内。如果所述量是0(例如,无、不具有),则以上限定的范围可以是具体范围,并且不在该值的特定百分比内。例如,在小于或等于所述量的10wt./vol.以内、在小于或等于所述量的5wt./vol.以内、在小于或等于所述量的1wt./vol.以内、在小于或等于所述量的0.1wt./vol.以内、和在小于或等于所述量的0.01wt./vol.以内。
已经结合附图描述了一些实施方式。附图是按比例绘制的,但是这种比例不应该是限制性的,因为除了所显示的尺寸和比例之外,其它尺寸和比例也是考虑到的并且在所公开的发明的范围之内。距离、角度等仅是示例性的并且不一定与所示例的装置的实际尺寸和布局具有确切的关系。可以添加、移除和/或重新排列部件。此外,本文结合各种实施方式对任何特定特征、方面、方法、性质、特性、质量、属性、元素等的描述可用于本文阐述的所有其它实施方式中。另外,将认识到,可以使用适于执行所述步骤的任意装置来实践本文描述的任何方法。
尽管已经详细描述了多种实施方式及其变型,但是对于本领域技术人员而言,其它修改和使用它们的方法将是显而易见的。因此,应当理解,在不脱离本文的独特且创造性公开内容或权利要求的范围的情况下,各种应用、修改、材料和替代都可由等同物构成。

Claims (14)

1.用于置换瓣膜的递送系统,所述递送系统包括:
系绳,所述系绳被配置以可释放地保持置换瓣膜;
扭转歧管,所述扭转歧管被配置以保持所述系绳的第一端;
接合销,所述接合销被配置以从锁定位置移动到解锁位置,所述接合销被配置以可释放地保持所述系绳的第二端;和
系绳引导件,所述系绳引导件具有至少一个孔以允许所述系绳穿过所述系绳引导件;
其中所述接合销从所述锁定位置到所述解锁位置的纵向平移将所述系绳的第二端和所述置换瓣膜从所述递送系统释放;并且
其中所述扭转歧管相对于所述接合销和所述系绳引导件两者的旋转移动被配置以使所述置换瓣膜的部分折绉或展开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的递送系统,还包括:
歧管轴,所述歧管轴在所述歧管轴的远端上具有所述扭转歧管,所述扭转歧管具有从所述扭转歧管的远端向远侧延伸的至少一个突出部;
轴承,所述轴承可旋转地保持在所述扭转歧管内;和
销锁定轴,所述销锁定轴具有位于所述轴承的近侧并且位于所述销锁定轴的远端上的释放盘,其中所述销锁定轴被配置以将所述接合销接合在所述锁定位置和所述解锁位置中。
3.根据权利要求2所述的递送系统,其中所述歧管轴相对于所述销锁定轴的圆周旋转被配置以使所述置换瓣膜的部分折绉或展开。
4.根据权利要求2-3中任一项所述的递送系统,其中在所述锁定位置中,所述接合销在所述释放盘和所述轴承之间延伸,并且其中所述系绳的第二端保持在所述释放盘和所述轴承之间的处于所述锁定位置的所述接合销上。
5.根据权利要求2-3中任一项所述的递送系统,其中所述歧管轴位于所述销锁定轴的腔内,其中所述销锁定轴被配置以相对于所述歧管轴纵向且旋转地平移,并且其中所述销锁定轴的向近侧平移将所述接合销从所述轴承释放,这使所述系绳的第二端从所述接合销释放。
6.根据权利要求2-3中任一项所述的递送系统,其中所述扭转歧管包括围绕所述扭转歧管的远端的外圆周延伸的多个向远侧延伸的突出部。
7.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的递送系统,其中所述接合销是L形的。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的递送系统,还包括所述置换瓣膜,其中所述置换瓣膜是置换二尖瓣。
9.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的递送系统,其中所述系绳被配置以穿过所述置换瓣膜的孔眼。
10.用于置换瓣膜的折绉环,所述折绉环包括:
圆形的主体,所述主体具有纵向延伸穿过其的内腔和在所述主体的外圆周上的多个纵向延伸的孔;和
多根缝合线,所述缝合线中的每一根延伸穿过多个所述孔中的一个并且被配置以从置换瓣膜向近侧延伸;
其中在所述多根缝合线中的一根上施加向近侧指向的力被配置以引起所述主体和所述置换瓣膜的定位的角度变化;并且
其中同时在所述多根缝合线的全部上施加向近侧指向的力提供所述主体的向近侧纵向平移,这被配置以至少部分地压缩所述置换瓣膜的远端。
11.根据权利要求10所述的折绉环,其中所述折绉环包括三根缝合线,并且其中所述主体具有围绕外圆周均匀地间隔的三个孔。
12.根据权利要求10-11中任一项所述的折绉环,其中所述多根缝合线中的每一根都缠绕在所述主体周围并且穿过多个所述孔中的一个。
13.根据权利要求10-11中任一项所述的折绉环,还包括所述置换瓣膜,所述置换瓣膜经由延伸穿过所述主体的内腔的第二多根缝合线附接到递送系统,其中所述置换瓣膜是置换二尖瓣。
14.根据权利要求13所述的折绉环,其中在所述第二多根缝合线和所述置换二尖瓣穿过所述内腔时,所述折绉环的向近侧纵向平移径向地压缩所述第二多根缝合线和所述置换二尖瓣的远端。
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