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CN111603211B - Spreading hooks in lumbar spine surgery - Google Patents

Spreading hooks in lumbar spine surgery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111603211B
CN111603211B CN202010515656.2A CN202010515656A CN111603211B CN 111603211 B CN111603211 B CN 111603211B CN 202010515656 A CN202010515656 A CN 202010515656A CN 111603211 B CN111603211 B CN 111603211B
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rod
shaped
arc
bearing
bearing ring
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CN111603211A (en
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刘汝银
岳宗进
王新立
王西彬
冯仲凯
李云朋
许大勇
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Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine HUTCM
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Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine HUTCM
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/0293Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors with ring member to support retractor elements
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for holding wounds open, e.g. retractors; Tractors
    • A61B17/025Joint distractors
    • A61B2017/0256Joint distractors for the spine

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Accommodation For Nursing Or Treatment Tables (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a distraction hook in lumbar vertebra surgery, which effectively solves the problems of single distraction hook function and inconvenient use in the existing lumbar vertebra surgery; the technical scheme comprises the following steps: can realize reducing the incision of operation as far as possible to the patient through this lumbar vertebrae operation distraction hook, the space of operation is operated for doctor's furthest's improvement at the internal tissue position of patient, in order to avoid deep organizational structure's bounce-back, inside difference slidable mounting of second ejector pin has the expansion plate and after the outside roll-off certain distance of second ejector pin, the outside roll-off of two expansion plates and then increased the area of strutting to the comparatively soft organizational structure of deep, avoid being in deep organizational structure and not bounce-back outside with second ejector pin contact site, and then invade and account for operation space.

Description

Spreading hook in lumbar vertebra operation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lumbar vertebra operation assistance, in particular to a stretching hook in a lumbar vertebra operation.
Background
When the existing lumbar vertebra operation is carried out, a doctor can cut an incision along the direction of a spine and then adopts a spreader to spread certain openings on tissues on two sides of the spine, so that the lumbar vertebra and the spine of a patient are exposed, and the operation is convenient for the doctor to carry out;
when a doctor performs lumbar surgery, the doctor usually implants bones or inserts some internal fixation instruments into a patient, and since a plurality of tissue structures penetrate from the skin surface of a human body to a spine surgery part, in order to provide a larger surgery operation space for the doctor, a larger incision is often required to be cut so as to facilitate the entry of the internal fixation instruments and the implantation of the bones, further local extensive damage can be caused, the increase of bleeding amount in the surgery is directly caused, the pain and discomfort of the patient after the surgery affect the postoperative functional exercise and recovery of the patient;
because the resistance of the distraction mainly comes from the skin and abdominal wall muscles on the surface layer, and the tissue structure in the deep part is soft, when the existing distractor is used for distraction, the distraction width of the superficial and deep tissues is the same, and the distraction width of the superficial and deep tissues cannot be correspondingly changed by utilizing the soft and hard characteristics of the superficial and deep tissues of the human body, so that on the premise of reducing the surgical incision as much as possible, a larger space is provided for the surgical operation of a doctor, and the injury of the peripheral tissues is further reduced to the maximum extent;
in view of the above, we provide a distraction hook for lumbar surgery to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation and overcoming the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the stretching hook for the lumbar vertebra operation, the stretching hook for the lumbar vertebra operation can reduce the operation incision of a patient as much as possible, the internal tissue part of the patient can improve the operation space of the operation to the maximum extent for a doctor, in order to avoid the rebound of a deep tissue structure, the inside of the second ejector rod is respectively provided with the expansion plates in a sliding way, and after the second ejector rod slides outwards for a certain distance, the two expansion plates slide outwards to increase the stretching area of the soft tissue structure at the deep part, and the outward rebound of the part of the deep tissue structure which is not in contact with the second ejector rod is avoided, so that the operation space is further occupied.
The strutting hook in the lumbar surgery comprises a bearing ring and is characterized in that four bearing cylinders extending along the radial direction of the bearing ring are arranged on the inner circular surface of the bearing ring at equal intervals in a surrounding manner, the bearing cylinders are installed in a rotating fit with the inner circular surface of the bearing ring, a movable rod is arranged in the bearing cylinders in a sliding manner, the movable rod is driven by a strutting device arranged in the bearing cylinders, one end of the movable rod, which is arranged outside the operation bearing cylinder, is rotatably provided with a first mandril, a second mandril is vertically and slidably arranged in the first mandril, the bearing cylinders are radially and slidably provided with U-shaped blocks along the bearing ring, a reset spring is connected between the U-shaped blocks and the bearing cylinders, one sides of the U-shaped blocks, which face the first mandril, are rotatably provided with a telescopic transmission device, the telescopic transmission device is connected with the first mandril and can drive the first mandril to rotate around the movable rod, a lifting lead screw in threaded fit with, the bearing ring is provided with a driving device for driving the U-shaped block to move, and the second ejector rod is driven to move downwards along the first ejector rod through the synchronous transmission device while the first ejector rod is driven to rotate by moving the U-shaped block under the action of the driving device;
be provided with on the carriage release lever and be used for spacing stop device and stop device to first ejector pin, last controlling means and the controlling means of being provided with of drive arrangement is connected with stop device electricity to both cooperations satisfy: when the driving device starts to work and does not drive the U-shaped block to move, the control device firstly releases the limit of the limiting device on the first ejector rod;
the horizontal both sides in second ejector pin bottom transverse sliding installs expansion plate and two expansion plate longitudinal separation settings respectively, be connected with expanding spring and expansion plate up end fixed mounting between expansion plate and the second ejector pin and have triangle sloping block, first ejector pin internal fixation has triggers sloping block and both cooperations to satisfy with triangle sloping block matched with: when the second top rod moves downwards for a certain distance, the two expansion plates are forced to slide outwards.
Preferably, U-shaped piece slidable mounting has the arc pole and the arc pole normal running fit that set up with the bearing ring with the axle center to install the arc guide rail that sets up with the axle center with the bearing ring in bearing cylinder both sides wall and U-shaped piece up end fixed mounting, the arc guide rail along the radial slidable mounting of bearing ring on the bearing ring and with the bearing ring between be connected with sliding spring, the arc guide rail deviates from first ejector pin one side an organic whole and is provided with arc stripper plate and arc stripper plate through the drive arrangement drive.
Preferably, the driving device comprises a driving ring which is rotatably installed on the upper end surface of the bearing ring and coaxially arranged with the bearing ring, the driving ring is provided with arc-shaped trigger plates matched with the arc-shaped extrusion plates at intervals and equidistantly in a surrounding manner, the upper part of the outer circular surface of the driving ring is provided with a driving gear system, the driving gear system is meshed with a driving gear rotatably installed on the bearing ring, and the driving gear is driven by a driving motor installed on the bearing ring.
Preferably, the telescopic transmission device comprises a sliding rod vertically and slidably mounted at the upper end of the first ejector rod, a rectangular rod is rotatably mounted at the upper end of the sliding rod, and the other end of the rectangular rod is rotatably mounted on the U-shaped block.
Preferably, first ejector pin both ends are rotated through the pivot and are installed on the carriage release lever and first ejector pin internal rotation installs the drive shaft that sets up with the axle center of pivot, the drive shaft drives elevating screw through bevel gear group, the inherent final drive gear of an end cover is just worn out in the pivot is passed at drive shaft one end interval, the final drive gear meshing has the auxiliary drive gear who rotates and install on the carriage release lever, auxiliary drive gear coaxial rotation has first worm wheel and first worm wheel cooperation to have the first worm of rotation installation on the carriage release lever, first worm is connected with synchronous drive.
Preferably, the synchronous transmission device comprises a cylinder which is axially and slidably matched with the first worm and is rotatably installed on the bearing cylinder, a second worm wheel is fixedly sleeved on one end of the cylinder, which is far away from the first ejector rod, and the second worm wheel is matched with a second worm which is rotatably installed on the bearing cylinder, and the second worm is coaxially rotated to be provided with a synchronous gear which is meshed with a synchronous rack fixedly installed on the U-shaped block.
Preferably, stop device includes slidable mounting in the carriage release lever and follows the conflict board that carriage release lever length direction extended, be connected with the butt spring between conflict board and the carriage release lever, the conflict board up end is provided with vertical slidable mounting on locating hole and the carriage release lever and has the locating lever with locating hole matched with, be connected with the positioning spring between locating lever and the carriage release lever, it is fixed with the iron sheet towards electro-magnet one side to install electro-magnet and locating lever on the carriage release lever, electro-magnet and controlling means electric connection.
Preferably, controlling means includes that L shape frame and L shape frame horizontal position slidable mounting on the carrier ring have the control lever, be connected with between control lever and the L shape frame control spring and control lever and arrange L shape frame outer one end an organic whole be provided with the carrier ring with the arc trigger lever that the axle center set up, pressure sensor is installed with control spring connection position to L shape frame horizontal part inside, pressure sensor electric connection has microcontroller and the switch-on of microcontroller control electro-magnet return circuit or disconnection, fixed mounting has the arc piece with arc trigger lever matched with on the drive ring.
Preferably, the inner circle surface interval equidistance of carrier ring is provided with four arc slides and a carrier cylinder through the arc slidable mounting who is connected with one body in the arc slide that corresponds with it, and two adjacent arcs outwards stretch out the carrier ring and stretch out one end respectively fixed mounting have with axle center and interval set up the arc rack, the arc rack sets up with the axle center with the carrier ring, rotate on the carrier ring and install and adjust gear and adjusting gear through the driving of adjusting motor with two arc rack-and-pinion of matched with.
Preferably, the horizontal both sides fixed mounting of carrier ring has the connecting rod and the connecting rod respectively slidable mounting has L shape pole, one of them L shape pole internal rotation install with connecting rod screw-thread fit's horizontal screw rod, two vertical slidable mounting respectively of L shape pole vertical part has a lift section of thick bamboo and another L shape pole screw-thread fit has the vertical screw rod of rotation installation in a lift section of thick bamboo, vertical adjusting screw is through the elevator motor drive of installing in a lift section of thick bamboo, two a lift section of thick bamboo slidable mounting is on the bed.
The beneficial effects of the technical scheme are as follows:
(1) in the scheme, the lumbar surgery distraction hook can reduce surgical incisions of a patient as much as possible, meanwhile, the internal tissue position of the patient is the space for improving surgical operation to the maximum extent of doctors, in order to avoid the rebound of a softer tissue structure at the deep part, the inside of the second ejector rod is respectively provided with the expansion plates in a sliding manner, and after the second ejector rod slides outwards for a certain distance, the two expansion plates slide outwards to increase the distraction area of the softer tissue structure at the deep part and avoid the outward rebound of the tissue structure at the part which is not in contact with the second ejector rod and further invade the surgical operation space;
(2) preferably, in the scheme, four bearing cylinders are arranged on the inner circular surface of the bearing ring in an encircling manner at equal intervals and are rotatably arranged on the inner circular surface of the bearing ring, when a doctor needs to adjust the opening angle of the surgical incision in an operation, two adjacent arc-shaped racks which are mutually matched are driven by an adjusting motor to rotate around the bearing ring, and then the opening angle of the first ejector rod and the second ejector rod to the surgical incision can be adjusted in the operation, so that the operation requirement of the doctor in the operation process can be met;
(3) in this scheme, after a plurality of first ejector pins of mutually supporting strut the operation incision completely, drive a plurality of first ejector pins through drive arrangement afterwards and carry out looks back on the back pivoted in the same time for the second ejector pin that is located in first ejector pin outwards roll-off in step, make under the condition of operation incision as little as possible, support the space of a similar to "flask form" operation for the doctor's operation in human tissue, thereby be convenient for surgical instruments's the operation of putting into and doctor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structural assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation relationship of two arc-shaped racks in cooperation with each other according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a plurality of first lift pins of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a plurality of first lift pins of the present invention engaged with each other;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the sliding fit installation of the arc-shaped guide rail and the rectangular plate according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional view of the L-shaped frame of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic front view of a synchronous drive according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the connection between the curved plate and the corresponding curved rack of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the connection relationship between the U-shaped block, the rectangular bar and the slide bar according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of another arcuate plate and corresponding arcuate rack of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the fitting relationship between the slide bar and the first carrier rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the synchronous drive of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a synchronous drive according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the engagement between one of the expansion plates and the second carrier rod according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the fitting relationship between the second extension plate and the second carrier rod according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the second rod moving downward for a certain distance and the two extension plates extending outward;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the second lift pin separated from the first lift pin and having a cross-sectional view of the inner structure thereof;
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of the position relationship between two expansion plates according to the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing the relationship between the driving motor, the driving gear and the plurality of driving gear systems;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the present invention with the drive ring disengaged from the carrier ring;
FIG. 21 is a schematic view of the fit relationship between the contact plate and the positioning rod according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The foregoing and other technical matters, features and effects of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which reference is made to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
Embodiment 1, this embodiment provides a spreader hook in lumbar surgery, which is shown in fig. 2 and includes a carrier ring 1, and is characterized in that four carrier cylinders 2 extending along the radial direction of the carrier ring 1 are arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the carrier ring 1 at equal intervals in a surrounding manner, the carrier cylinders 2 are installed in a rotating fit with the inner circumferential surface of the carrier ring 1, a moving rod 3 is installed in the carrier cylinder 2 in a sliding manner, the moving rod 3 is driven by a spreader device arranged in the carrier cylinder 2, and as shown in fig. 8 and 10, the spreader device includes a spreader screw 5 installed in a threaded fit with the moving rod 3, the spreader screw 5 is driven by a spreader motor 4 installed in the carrier cylinder 2, and the spreader motor 4 drives the spreader screw 5 to rotate so as to control the moving rod 3 to slide along the carrier cylinder 2;
in specific use, firstly, the carrying ring 1 is moved to a proper position (a position above a surgical site of a patient), then, the carrying ring 1 is moved downwards, so that the first push rods 6 matched with each other are driven to move downwards, the first push rods 6 matched with each other are inserted into a surgical incision, after the first push rods 6 are inserted into the surgical incision to a proper depth, the carrying ring 1 is stopped to move downwards and the carrying ring 1 is fixed, at the moment, the opening motor 4 is started, and then the first push rods 6 are driven by the moving rods 3 to move along the radial direction of the carrying ring 1 in a direction far away from each other (in an initial state, the first push rods 6 and the moving rods 3 corresponding to the first push rods 6 are arranged at 90 degrees, as shown in fig. 2, a telescopic transmission device connected between the first push rods 6 and the U8 does not prevent the first push rods 6 from moving along with the movement of the moving rods 3), in the process, the limiting device limits the first ejector rods 6 rotatably mounted on the moving rod 3 to ensure that the moving rod 3 prevents the first ejector rods 6 and the moving rod 3 from rotating relatively in the moving process, so that the first ejector rods 6 matched with each other move for a certain distance along the radial direction of the bearing ring 1 under the driving of the expanding motor 4, namely, the first ejector rods 6 are matched with each other to completely expand the incised surgical incision, and the expanding motor 4 is controlled by the expanding motor 4 controller to stop working and enable the first ejector rods 6 to be located at the current position;
referring to the attached drawing 2, the U-shaped block 8 is slidably mounted on the side wall of the bearing cylinder 2, one side of the U-shaped block 8, which is away from the first push rod 6, is connected to the bearing cylinder 2 through a return spring 9, and a driving device for driving the plurality of U-shaped blocks 8 to move along the corresponding bearing cylinder 2 is arranged on the bearing ring 1, when the distance between the plurality of first push rods 6 which are matched with each other is adjusted to be close to the size of the cut diameter (at this time, the plurality of first push rods 6 are matched to realize the effect of completely opening the cut), then, the driving device arranged on the bearing ring 1 is controlled to start to work, a control device is arranged on the driving device, and the control device can realize that when the driving device does not drive the U-shaped block 8 to move, the limit of the first push rod 6 by the limiting device is firstly released (the control device is electrically connected with the limiting device), when the first top rod 6 is acted by external force, the first top rod 6 can rotate around the moving rod 3 corresponding to the first top rod, after the control device releases the limit of the limit device on the first top rod 6, then the driving device starts to drive the U-shaped block 8 to move along the bearing cylinder 2 corresponding to the U-shaped block towards the direction close to the first top rod 6 matched with the U-shaped block (in the process, the reset spring 9 connected between the U-shaped block 8 and the bearing cylinder 2 is stretched and stored with energy), as shown in fig. 2, the first top rod 6 is driven to rotate around the moving rod 3 corresponding to the U-shaped block by the telescopic transmission device matched with the U-shaped block 8 in rotating installation at the moment (namely, under the action of the driving device, the bottom end of the first top rod 6 is driven to rotate towards the direction close to the bearing cylinder 2 corresponding to the U-shaped block 8 and the telescopic transmission device), that is, at this time, the bottoms of the first push rods 6 which are mutually matched rotate towards the direction close to the corresponding bearing cylinder 2, and the effect of expanding the softer human tissue structure at the deeper part in the body outwards is realized, and the operation space is increased for the doctor operation under the condition of not changing the operation incision (namely, the flask-shaped operation visual field space is provided for the doctor, and the flask is in the shape of a small upper end opening and a large lower end opening);
we vertically and slidably install a second top rod 7 in the first top rod 6, where one end of the second top rod 7 outside the first top rod 6 is set to be arc-shaped and the bottom of the second top rod 7 is set to be rounded, as shown in fig. 7, so that the bottom of the second top rod 7 is set to be arc-shaped to avoid that when the bottom of the first top rod 6 is driven by the U-shaped block 8 and the telescopic transmission device to rotate towards the direction close to the corresponding bearing cylinder 2, the bottom of the second top rod 7 stabs the internal tissue structure of the patient (the bottom of the second top rod 7 is set to be arc-shaped and the rounded angle is set to better avoid the situation), as shown in fig. 12, the second top rod 7 is in threaded fit with a lifting screw rod 10 rotatably installed in the first top rod 6, and when the U-shaped block 8 moves towards the first top rod 6 corresponding to the first top rod, the U-shaped block 8 drives the lifting screw rod 10 to rotate through the synchronous transmission device connected with the U-shaped block to drive the second The first ejector rod 6 rotates around the moving rod 3, and the second ejector rod 7 slowly slides out of the first ejector rod 6, namely, the abdominal tissue in the deep part of the human body is spread outwards to the maximum extent under the condition of reducing the surgical incision as much as possible, so that a sufficient surgical space is provided for a doctor;
referring to fig. 18, two extension plates 11 installed in sliding fit with the second ram 7 are arranged in the second ram 7 at intervals, and when the second ram 7 moves downward for a certain distance under the driving of the lifting screw 10 (at this time, the first ram 6 does not prevent the two extension plates 11 from sliding out from the two sides of the first ram 6), that is, two trigger blocks 14 (the two trigger blocks 14 are also arranged at intervals and respectively correspond to the corresponding triangular blocks 13) fixedly installed in the extension plates 11 are respectively contacted with the triangular blocks 13 fixedly installed on the extension plates 11, and under the forcing of the trigger blocks 14, the two extension plates 11 are respectively pushed to slide out from the inside of the second ram 7 in opposite directions, as shown in fig. 16, the driving device is set to stop working after the driving device drives the U8 to move for a certain distance along the corresponding bearing cylinder 2, namely, under the drive of the U-shaped block 8, the first push rod 6 rotates for a certain angle around the moving rod 3 and stops rotating, and when the first push rod 6 stops rotating, the second push rod 7 just descends to the position shown in fig. 16, and at this time, the triangular oblique block 13 fixedly connected with the expansion plate 11 and the trigger oblique block 14 corresponding to the triangular oblique block are just in the state shown in fig. 16 (at this time, the inclined plane parts of the triangular oblique block 13 and the trigger oblique block 14 which are matched with each other are mutually abutted), so that the two expansion plates 11 slide outwards from the second push rod 7, the effect of increasing the spreading area of the deep abdominal tissue of the human body is realized, the phenomenon that the softer abdominal tissue which is not contacted with the second push rod 7 rebounds due to the softer abdominal tissue of the deep abdominal tissue of the human body and the contact area of the second push rod 7 with the abdominal tissue is limited, and further occupies the operation space of a doctor is avoided, under the condition of ensuring the minimum incision implantation operation to the maximum extent, the maximum distraction area is completed, and the active effect on the later-period rehabilitation treatment of the patient is achieved (when the expansion plate 11 is arranged, the extending part of the expansion plate 11 is arranged in a fillet manner, so that the deep abdominal cavity tissue is prevented from being damaged when the expansion plate 11 slides outwards);
when doctors perform operations on lumbar vertebra tissues at different positions in the lumbar vertebra operation process, the positions of the four first ejector rods 6 need to be correspondingly adjusted, namely, the incision opening direction is changed by changing the relative position of the four first push rods 6, so that the incision can reach the maximum opening range in a certain direction (the muscle tissue at the incision part which is not contacted with the first push rods 6 can be rebounded to some extent due to the limited contact area of the four first push rods 6 and the muscle tissue at the incision part, and further the operation of a doctor can be influenced), so that the doctor can perform the operation on the tissue in the direction, at the moment, the carrying cylinder 2 can be rotated to further adjust the opening angle of the corresponding first mandril 6 to the incision (the corresponding carrying cylinder 2 is fixed after being adjusted to the required position), the first push rods 6 are matched with each other to realize the distraction of the incision in the direction required by the operation;
after the lumbar vertebra operation is completed, the driving force of the driving device on the U-shaped block 8 is removed, so that the U-shaped block 8 moves in the opposite direction under the action of the return spring 9 and drives the first ejector rod 6 to rotate in the opposite direction through the telescopic transmission device, along with the reverse movement of the U-shaped block 8, the lifting screw rod 10 is driven to rotate reversely through the synchronous transmission device and drives the second ejector rod 7 to move upwards along the first ejector rod 6, along with the upwards movement of the second ejector rod 7, the triangular inclined block 13 fixedly connected with the expansion plate 11 moves upwards synchronously, under the action of the telescopic spring 12, the inclined surface of the triangular inclined block 13 always props against the inclined surface of the trigger inclined block 14, along with the upwards movement of the second ejector rod 7, the two expansion plates 11 drive the expansion plate 11 to slowly contract inwards into the second ejector rod 7 under the action of the telescopic spring 12, so that the triangular inclined block 13 is not contacted with the trigger inclined block 14, at this time, the expansion plates 11 have been completely retracted into the second ram 7 (we assume that when the two expansion plates 11 are completely retracted into the second ram 7, the upper end surfaces of the expansion plates 11 have not risen to the lower end surface position of the first ram 6), so that when the U-shaped block 8 moves to the initial position under the action of the return spring 9, the U-shaped block 8 stops moving and drives the first ram 6 to rotate to the initial position (90 ° with the moving rod 3), and at this time, the second ram 7 also rises to the initial position along the inside of the first ram 6.
Embodiment 2, on the basis of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 5, the U-shaped blocks 8 are slidably mounted on two side walls of the bearing cylinder 2, the upper end surfaces of the U-shaped blocks 8 are fixedly mounted with arc-shaped rods 15 coaxially arranged with the bearing ring 1, the upper end surfaces of the arc-shaped rods 15 are rotatably fitted with arc-shaped guide rails 16 coaxially arranged with the bearing ring 1, four rectangular plates 18 extending along the radial direction of the bearing ring 1 are fixedly mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the bearing ring 1 in a surrounding manner at equal intervals, and the arc-shaped guides are slidably mounted on the rectangular plates 18, when a plurality of second push rods 7 are required to rotate around the corresponding movable rods 3 for increasing the supporting area of the deep abdominal tissues, at this time, a driving device acts on the arc-shaped extrusion plates 19 and forces the arc-shaped extrusion plates 19 to move towards the position close to the center of the bearing ring 1 (the sliding springs 17 are compressed and store energy), the U-shaped block 8 is driven by the arc guide rail 16 and the arc rod 15 which are installed in a rotating fit manner to slide along the bearing cylinder 2 towards the direction close to the first ejector rod 6, so that the effect of driving the first ejector rod 6 to rotate is achieved;
the arc-shaped rod 15 which is installed in a rotating fit with the arc-shaped guide rail 16 is fixedly installed above the U-shaped block 8, so that when the angle of the bearing cylinder 2 needs to be adjusted, namely, when the opening direction of the plurality of first ejector rods 6 to the notch is adjusted, the arc-shaped rod 15 is synchronously driven to move along the arc-shaped guide rail 16 along with the movement of the bearing cylinder 2 along the inner circular surface of the bearing ring 1, no matter where the bearing cylinder 2 moves (the adjustment angle range of the bearing cylinder 2 is set to meet the requirement that the arc-shaped rod 15 can only rotate in the arc-shaped guide rail 16), the acting force of the driving device on the arc-shaped extrusion plate 19 can be acted on the U-shaped block 8, and further, a certain driving force is ensured to be always provided for the second ejector rod 7.
Embodiment 3, on the basis of embodiment 2, referring to fig. 20, the driving device includes a driving ring 20 rotatably mounted on the upper end surface of the bearing ring 1 and coaxially disposed with the bearing ring 1, when we set up, support rods are fixedly mounted on two axial sides of the lower end surface of the driving ring 20, and a circular groove (not numbered) rotatably mounted with the support rods is formed on the upper end surface of the bearing ring 1, so that the driving ring 20 can be rotatably mounted on the upper end surface of the bearing ring 1, we surround arc-shaped trigger plates 21 matched with the arc-shaped squeezing plates 19 on the inner circumferential surface of the driving ring 20 at equal intervals, referring to fig. 2, in an initial state, the relative positions of the driving ring 20 and the bearing ring 1 are as shown in fig. 2, that is, the arc-shaped trigger plates 21 and the arc-shaped squeezing plates 19 are at a certain distance, when the driving U-shaped block 8 needs to move, we control the driving motor 24 to start by the controller of the driving motor 24 and the part of the driving gear system 22 on the outer circular surface of the driving ring 20 is engaged to drive the driving ring 20 to rotate clockwise as shown in fig. 2, when the arc-shaped trigger plate 21 does not abut against the arc-shaped squeezing plate 19 along with the rotation of the driving ring 20, the control device arranged on the driving device unlocks the limiting device at this time, so that the first push rod 6 is no longer in the limited state, so that when the arc-shaped trigger plate 21 just contacts with the arc-shaped squeezing plate 19, the control device completely releases the limiting of the first push rod 6 by the limiting device, and then, along with the continuous rotation of the driving ring 20, the arc-shaped trigger plate 21 forces the extrusion plate to slide along the rectangular plate 18, so as to drive the U-shaped block 8 to move along the side wall of the bearing cylinder 2 through the arc-shaped guide rails 16 and the arc-shaped rods 15 which are mutually matched, so that after the driving U-shaped block 8 moves along the bearing cylinder 2 for the set distance (the farthest distance that the U When the arc vertex position of the extrusion plate 19 is contacted, the driving motor 24 stops working under the action of the controller of the driving motor 24 at this time), and the moving distance of the U-shaped block 8 (the rotating angle of the second ejector rod 7) depends on the distance between the arc vertex of the arc extrusion plate 19 and the arc trigger plate 21 and the surface corresponding to the arc vertex.
Embodiment 4, on the basis of embodiment 3, referring to fig. 12, the telescopic transmission device comprises a slide rod 25 vertically slidably mounted at the upper end of the first top rod 6, and a rectangular rod 27 is rotatably mounted at the upper end of the slide rod 25, referring to fig. 10, the other end of the rectangular rod 27 is rotatably mounted on the U-shaped block 8, when the U-shaped block 8 moves towards the direction close to the first top rod 6 under the action of the driving ring 20, the rectangular rod 27 drives the bottom of the first top rod 6 to rotate towards the direction close to the corresponding bearing cylinder 2, and at the same time, the slide rod 25 moves upwards along the upper part of the first top rod 6.
Embodiment 5, on the basis of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 10, both ends of the first ram 6 are rotatably mounted on the moving rod 3 through a rotating shaft 28, referring to fig. 11, a driving shaft 29 coaxially disposed with the rotating shaft 28 is rotatably mounted in the first ram 6, the driving shaft 29 drives the lifting screw 10 through a bevel gear set 30, when the first ram 6 is disposed, one end of the driving shaft 29 penetrates through one of the rotating shafts 28 at intervals and one end of the driving shaft 29 protrudes outwards (one of the rotating shafts 28 is disposed to be hollow), one end of the driving shaft 29 penetrates through the rotating shaft 28 at intervals and penetrates through an end sleeve fixed main transmission gear 31, the main transmission gear 31 is engaged with a sub-transmission gear 32 rotatably mounted on the moving rod 3, the sub-transmission gear 32 is coaxially rotated with a first worm wheel 33, and the first worm wheel 33 is engaged with a first worm 34 rotatably mounted on the moving rod, the first worm 34 is connected with a synchronous transmission device;
during synchronous transmission, when the U-shaped block 8 moves under the action of the driving ring 20, the synchronous transmission device connected with the U-shaped block drives the first worm 34 to rotate, and then drives the first worm wheel 33 to rotate, the first worm wheel 33 drives the main transmission gear 31 to rotate through the auxiliary transmission gear 32 which rotates coaxially with the first worm wheel 33, and then the driving shaft 29 is driven to rotate, because the first push rod 6 is synchronously driven to rotate around the moving rod 3 through the rotating shaft 28 by the rectangular rod 27 when the U-shaped block 8 moves along the bearing cylinder 2, that is, the driving shaft 29 is driven to rotate while the first push rod 6 rotates, when the first worm 34 and the first worm wheel 33 are arranged, the angular speed of the main transmission rotation driven by the first worm 34 through the first worm wheel 33 and the auxiliary transmission gear 32 is larger than the angular speed of the main transmission gear 31 rotating along with the first push rod 6 by setting a proper transmission ratio, that is, relative rotation is generated between the driving shaft 29 and the first push rod 6, and then the driving shaft 29 drives the lifting screw rod 10 to rotate through the bevel gear set 30, and finally the second push rod 7 is driven to move vertically along the inside of the first push rod 6.
Embodiment 6, on the basis of embodiment 5, referring to fig. 9, the synchronous transmission device includes a cylinder 35 axially slidably fitted with the first worm 34 and rotatably fitted on the carrying cylinder 2, so that the first worm 34 and the cylinder 35 are axially slidably fitted to cooperate with the relative movement between the moving rod 3 and the carrying cylinder 2, so that the U-shaped block 8 can drive the first worm wheel 33 to rotate through the first worm 34 and the cylinder 35 axially slidably fitted no matter where the moving rod 3 is located;
a second worm wheel 36 is sleeved on one end of the cylinder 35 far away from the first mandril 6, and the second worm wheel 36 is matched with a second worm 37 which is rotatably arranged on the bearing cylinder 2, the second worm 37 coaxially rotates with a synchronizing gear 38 and the synchronizing gear 38 meshes with a synchronizing rack 39 fixedly mounted on the U-shaped block 8, when the U-shaped block 8 moves along the carrying cylinder 2, the synchronous gear 38 is driven to rotate by the synchronous rack 39 fixedly connected with the U-shaped block, thereby driving the second worm 37 to rotate, the second worm 37 drives the cylinder 35 to rotate through the second worm wheel 36 engaged with the second worm, the first worm 34 drives the driving shaft 29 and the second mandril 7 to rotate relatively through the first worm wheel 33, the main transmission gear 31 and the auxiliary transmission gear 32 which are matched with each other, so that the effect of driving the second mandril 7 to move is realized;
when the device needs to be reset after the lumbar surgery is completed, the controller controls the driving motor 24 to rotate reversely through the driving motor 24 and drives the driving ring 20 to rotate along the counterclockwise direction as shown in the attached figure 2, thereby driving the arc trigger plate 21 to rotate along the counterclockwise direction, and the arc extrusion plate 19 moves towards the direction away from the corresponding first top rod 6 under the action of the sliding spring 17 along with the counterclockwise rotation of the arc trigger plate 21, at the same time, the U-shaped block 8 moves away from the first ram 6 under the action of the return spring 9, thereby driving the first push rod 6 to rotate towards the opposite direction so that when the arc triggering plate 21 is separated from the arc pressing plate 19 under the driving of the driving ring 20, the U-shaped block 8 and the arc-shaped guide rail 16 move to the initial position, and at the moment, the first ejector rod 6 rotates to the initial position (the first ejector rod 6 and the movable rod 3 are 90 degrees to each other);
when the U-shaped block 8 moves reversely along the bearing cylinder 2, the main transmission gear 31 is driven by the synchronous transmission device to rotate reversely, and the angular speed of the reverse rotation of the main transmission gear 31 is greater than the angular speed of the reverse rotation of the first ejector rod 6, so that the driving shaft 29 and the first ejector rod 6 are driven to rotate relatively, the second ejector rod 7 is driven to move upwards by the bevel gear set 30, and finally, when the first ejector rod 6 rotates to the initial position, the second ejector rod 7 moves upwards to the initial position;
when the arc triggering plate 21 and the arc pressing plate 19 corresponding to the arc triggering plate are completely separated, and the driving ring 20 continues to rotate at the moment, the control device controls the limiting device to act again so as to limit the first push rod 6 again (so that the first push rod 6 is stably kept at the current position), and then the driving motor 24 is controlled to stop working under the control of the controller of the driving motor 24.
Embodiment 7, on the basis of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 21, the limiting device includes a contact plate 40 slidably mounted on the moving rod 3 and extending along the length direction of the moving rod 3, a contact spring 41 is connected between the contact plate 40 and the moving rod 3, in an initial state, one side of the contact plate 40 facing the first push rod 6 abuts against the side wall of the first push rod 6, and a positioning rod 43 vertically slidably mounted on the moving rod 3 is inserted into a positioning hole 42 provided on the contact plate 40 under the action of a positioning spring 44, so as to position the contact plate 40 and limit the first push rod 6 through the contact plate 40 (for preventing the first push rod 6 from rotating relative to the moving rod 3 when the first push rod 6 does not need to rotate);
when the driving ring 20 is driven by the driving motor 24 to rotate along the bearing ring 1, firstly the electromagnet is controlled by the control device to be electrified and generate electromagnetic force, the iron sheet arranged on the positioning rod 43 is adsorbed under the action of the electromagnetic force to drive the positioning rod 43 to move upwards so as to be completely withdrawn from the positioning hole 42, at this time, the touch plate 40 is in a free state, and the driving ring 20 rotates continuously, so that when the arc triggering plate 21 is contacted with the arc pressing plate 19, the first push rod 6 is driven to rotate along the moving rod 3, namely, the counterclockwise direction as shown in figure 21, and because the touch plate 40 is in the free state at this time, then, the abutment plate 40 is forced to retract into the moving rod 3 along the moving rod 3 and compress the abutment spring 41 (so that the abutment spring 41 is charged with energy) along with the rotation of the first jack 6;
when the first push rod 6 needs to be reset, the driving ring 20 rotates reversely to drive the first push rod 6 to rotate in the opposite direction, and it should be noted that, after the limiting device releases the limitation on the first push rod 6, that is, the control device controls the electromagnet to be always in the powered state (that is, the touch plate 40 is always in the movable state), so that when the arc-shaped pressing plate 19 is separated from the arc-shaped trigger plate 21 corresponding to the arc-shaped pressing plate 19, the first push rod 6 rotates to the initial position (as shown in fig. 21), and at this time, the touch plate 40 moves to the position again as shown in fig. 21, the side of the touch plate 40 facing the first push rod 6 abuts against the side wall of the second push rod 7, at this time, the positioning hole 42 moves to the position corresponding to the positioning rod 43), and along with the continuous rotation of the driving ring 20, the control device controls the electromagnet to lose power, and further lose, so that the positioning rod 43 is inserted downwards into the positioning hole 42 under the action of the positioning spring 44, the positioning effect on the contact plate 40 is realized, and the first push rod 6 is limited by the contact plate 40.
Embodiment 8, on the basis of embodiment 7, referring to fig. 5, the control device includes an L-shaped frame 45 fixedly installed on the rectangular plate 18, and a control rod 46 is slidably installed at a horizontal position of the L-shaped frame 45, referring to fig. 6, a control spring 47 is connected between the control rod 46 and the L-shaped frame 45, and one end of the control rod 46, which is disposed outside the L-shaped frame 45, is integrally provided with an arc-shaped trigger rod 48 coaxially disposed with the carrier ring 1, a vertical portion of the L-shaped frame 45 penetrates through the arc-shaped pressing plate 19 at an interval, and a through hole 49 matched with a vertical portion of the L-shaped frame 45 is provided on the arc-shaped pressing plate 19 for matching with the sliding of the arc-shaped pressing plate 19 along the rectangular plate 18, a pressure sensor is fixedly installed at a connecting portion of the horizontal portion of the L-shaped frame 45 and the control spring 47, referring to fig. 3, when the driving ring 20 is at an initial position, the arc-shaped trigger rod, when the driving motor 24 is started and drives the driving ring 20 to rotate clockwise as shown in fig. 3, firstly, the control rod 46 is forced to retract into the L-shaped frame 45 through the arc-shaped block 50 and the arc-shaped trigger rod 48 which are matched with each other, and the control spring 47 is compressed, at this time, the pressure sensor arranged in the L-shaped frame 45 detects the pressure signal change and feeds back the pressure signal to the microcontroller, the microcontroller controls the electromagnet loop to be electrified and attracts the positioning rod 43 to move upwards through the electromagnetic force, so that the positioning rod 43 is withdrawn from the positioning hole 42, and then the first push rod 6 is driven to rotate through the matched arc-shaped trigger plate 21 and the arc-shaped pressing plate 19 along with the continuous rotation of the driving ring 20;
it should be noted that when the driving ring 20 drives the bottom of the first push rod 6 to rotate toward the direction close to the material barrel corresponding to the first push rod, the arc-shaped block 50 and the arc-shaped trigger rod 48 which are matched with each other are always in an interference state, that is, the pressure sensor in the L-shaped frame 45 can always detect a pressure signal, and the electromagnet is always in an energized state;
when the first push rod 6 needs to be reset, the driving ring 20 is driven by the driving motor 24 to rotate reversely, so that the arc trigger plate 21 and the arc pressing plate 19 which are butted together are separated, at this time, the first push rod 6 is reset to the position shown in fig. 21 (at this time, the butting plate 40 drives the positioning hole 42 to move to the position right below the positioning rod 43 under the action of the butting spring 41), and along with the continuous rotation of the driving ring 20 in the reverse direction, the arc block 50 and the arc trigger rod 48 which are butted together start to separate, and the arc trigger rod 48 slides outwards in the direction far away from the first push rod 6 under the action of the control spring 47, at this time, the pressure sensor detects that the pressure signal changes, the microcontroller controls the electromagnetic circuit to be disconnected, and the electromagnet is powered off, so that the positioning rod 43 is inserted downwards into the positioning hole 42 on the butting plate 40 under the action of the positioning spring 44, the positioning of the touch panel 40 is realized again, when the arc block 50 rotates along with the driving ring 20 to just separate from the arc triggering rod 48, the driving motor 24 is controlled by the driving motor 24 controller to stop working (the motor controller is an integrated circuit which controls the motor to work according to the set direction, speed, angle and response time through active working), in the scheme, the microcontroller and the driving motor 24 are connected with an external power supply through leads.
Embodiment 9, on the basis of embodiment 1, referring to fig. 20, we have four arc slideways 51 equidistantly arranged on the inner circular surface of the carrier ring 1, and the carrier cylinder 2 is slidably mounted in the corresponding arc slideways 51 through the arc plates 26 integrally connected with the carrier ring, referring to fig. 7 and 10, as shown in fig. 3, the two arc plates 26 located at adjacent positions extend outwards from one end of the carrier ring 1, and arc racks 52 coaxially arranged with the carrier ring 1 are respectively and fixedly mounted, and as shown in fig. 3, when we need to adjust the opening angle of the first push rod 6 to the notch, at this time, the adjusting gear 53 is driven to rotate by the adjusting motor 54 fixedly mounted on the carrier ring 1, and then the two arc racks 52 located at adjacent positions are driven to rotate, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting the opening angle of the first push rod 6 two by two, further, the four first ejector rods 6 are mutually matched, and the opening direction of the incision is correspondingly adjusted according to the operation, so that the opening angle of the four first ejector rods 6 can be adjusted only within a certain range in the scheme;
in this embodiment, the adjusting motor 54 is electrically connected to an external power source through a wire.
Example 10, on the basis of example 1, referring to fig. 1, connecting rods 55 are fixedly installed on two lateral sides of the bearing ring 1, and L-shaped rods 56 are respectively slidably installed on the connecting rods 55, wherein a lateral screw 57 in threaded fit with the connecting rod 55 is rotatably installed in one of the L-shaped rods 56, a lifting cylinder 59 is respectively vertically slidably installed on the vertical portions of the two L-shaped rods 56, and a vertical screw 58 rotatably installed in the lifting cylinder 59 is in threaded fit with the other L-shaped rod 56, the vertical adjusting screw is driven by a lifting motor 60 installed in the lifting cylinder 59, the two lifting cylinders 59 are slidably installed on the bed table along the length extension direction of the bed table (grooves in sliding fit with the lifting cylinder 59 are formed on two sides of the bed table, the bed table and the grooves are not shown in the figure), when a lumbar surgery is performed on a patient, the patient usually lies on the bed table and cuts a cut on the lumbar vertebra of the patient, then, the two lifting cylinders 59 are moved to drive the bearing ring 1 to move to the position of the surgical incision, then the lifting motor 60 drives the L-shaped rod 56 to be at the vertical position, so as to reduce the vertical distance between the bearing ring 1 and the surgical incision, then the position between the bearing ring 1 and the surgical incision is further adjusted by the transverse screw 57, so that the four first push rods 6 which are mutually matched are located at the position right above the surgical incision, at this time, the two lifting cylinders 59 are fixed (can be clamped and fixed, also can be fastened and fixed by bolts, and can be easily obtained by a person skilled in the art according to the prior art, and will not be described herein), then the lifting motor 60 drives the bearing ring 1 to descend again, further drives the four first push rods 6 to enter the human body tissue along the surgical incision downwards, and controls the lifting motor 60 to stop working after the bearing ring 1 descends to a proper distance, then, the plurality of first mandrils 6 are driven by the expanding motor 4 to realize the effect of expanding the surgical incision.
In the scheme, the lumbar surgery distraction hook can reduce surgical incisions of a patient as much as possible, and meanwhile, the internal tissue position of the patient is the space for improving surgical operation to the maximum extent of doctors, in order to avoid the rebound of a softer tissue structure at a deep part, the expansion plates 11 are respectively arranged in the second ejector rod 7 in a sliding manner, and after the second ejector rod 7 slides out for a certain distance, the two expansion plates 11 slide out to increase the distraction area of the softer tissue structure at the deep part, and the situation that the tissue structure at the deep part does not contact with the second ejector rod 7 to rebound outwards to further occupy the surgical operation space is avoided;
preferably, in the scheme, four bearing cylinders 2 are arranged on the inner circular surface of the bearing ring 1 in an equidistant and spaced manner and are rotatably arranged on the inner circular surface of the bearing ring 1, when a doctor needs to adjust the opening angle of an operation incision in an operation, two adjacent arc-shaped racks 52 which are matched with each other are driven by an adjusting motor 54 to rotate around the bearing ring 1, and then the opening angles of the first ejector rod 6 and the second ejector rod 7 to the operation incision can be adjusted in the operation, so that the operation requirements of the doctor in the operation process can be met;
in this scheme, after a plurality of first ejector pins 6 of mutually supporting strut the operation incision completely, drive a plurality of first ejector pins 6 through drive arrangement afterwards and carry out looks back on the back pivoted in the same time for second ejector pin 7 that is located first ejector pin 6 is outwards roll-off in step, makes under the condition of as little operation incision as possible, supports a space that is similar to "flask form" operation for the doctor's operation in human tissue, thereby be convenient for arranging in of surgical instruments and doctor's operation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications conforming to the spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.腰椎手术中撑开钩,包括承载环(1),其特征在于,所述承载环(1)内圆面上间隔等距环绕设置有四个沿承载环(1)径向延伸的承载筒(2),所述承载筒(2)与承载环(1)内圆面转动配合安装且承载筒(2)内滑动安装有移动杆(3),所述移动杆(3)经设置于承载筒(2)内的撑开装置驱动,所述移动杆(3)置于操作承载筒(2)外一端转动安装有第一顶杆(6)且第一顶杆(6)内竖向滑动安装有第二顶杆(7),所述承载筒(2)上沿承载环(1)径向滑动安装有U形块(8)且U形块(8)与承载筒(2)之间连接有复位弹簧(9),所述U形块(8)面向第一顶杆(6)一侧转动安装有伸缩传动装置,所述伸缩传动装置与第一顶杆(6)连接并且可驱动第一顶杆(6)围绕移动杆(3)转动,所述第一顶杆(6)内转动安装有与第二顶杆(7)螺纹配合的升降丝杠(10)且升降丝杠(10)经同步传动装置与U形块(8)连接,所述承载环(1)上设置有用于驱动U形块(8)移动的驱动装置且在该驱动装置的作用下通过移动U形块(8)带动第一顶杆(6)转动的同时,通过同步传动装置驱动第二顶杆(7)沿第一顶杆(6)向下移动;1. A distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery, comprising a bearing ring (1), characterized in that, on the inner circular surface of the bearing ring (1), four bearing rings extending radially along the bearing ring (1) are arranged around at equal intervals A cylinder (2), the bearing cylinder (2) is installed in a rotatable fit with the inner circular surface of the bearing ring (1), and a moving rod (3) is slidably installed in the bearing cylinder (2), and the moving rod (3) is arranged in the Driven by the spreading device in the bearing cylinder (2), the moving rod (3) is placed at the outer end of the operating bearing cylinder (2) and is rotatably installed with a first top rod (6), and the first top rod (6) is vertically installed A second top rod (7) is slidably installed, and a U-shaped block (8) is slidably installed on the bearing cylinder (2) along the radial direction of the bearing ring (1), and the U-shaped block (8) and the bearing cylinder (2) are slidably mounted on the bearing cylinder (2). A return spring (9) is connected between, and a telescopic transmission device is rotatably installed on the side of the U-shaped block (8) facing the first top rod (6), and the telescopic transmission device is connected with the first top rod (6) and can be The first top rod (6) is driven to rotate around the moving rod (3), and a lifting screw (10) threadedly matched with the second top rod (7) is rotatably installed in the first top rod (6) and the lifting screw (10) Connected to the U-shaped block (8) through a synchronous transmission device, the bearing ring (1) is provided with a driving device for driving the U-shaped block (8) to move, and under the action of the driving device, the U-shaped block (8) is moved through the When the block (8) drives the first top rod (6) to rotate, the second top rod (7) is driven to move downward along the first top rod (6) through the synchronous transmission device; 所述移动杆(3)上设置有用于对第一顶杆(6)限位的限位装置,所述驱动装置上设置有控制装置且控制装置与限位装置电连接,并且两者配合满足:当驱动装置启动工作并且还未驱动U形块(8)移动时,控制装置首先解除限位装置对第一顶杆(6)的限位;The moving rod (3) is provided with a limiting device for limiting the position of the first ejector rod (6), the driving device is provided with a control device and the control device is electrically connected with the limiting device, and the cooperation of the two satisfies the : When the driving device starts to work and has not yet driven the U-shaped block (8) to move, the control device first releases the limit of the first ejector rod (6) by the limit device; 所述第二顶杆(7)底部横向两侧分别横向滑动安装有扩展板(11)且两扩展板(11)纵向间隔设置,所述扩展板(11)与第二顶杆(7)之间连接有伸缩弹簧(12)且扩展板(11)上端面固定安装有三角斜块(13),所述第一顶杆(6)内固定有与三角斜块(13)相配合的触发斜块(14),当第二顶杆(7)向下移动一定距离且扩展板(11)完全伸出第一顶杆(6)时,此时触发斜块(14)上的斜面与相应三角斜块(13)上的斜面接触且伴随着第二顶杆(7)的继续下移能够迫使扩展板(11)向外滑出;Extending plates (11) are installed on both lateral sides of the bottom of the second top rod (7) slidably laterally, and the two extending boards (11) are longitudinally spaced apart. A telescopic spring (12) is connected between, and a triangular inclined block (13) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the expansion plate (11), and a trigger inclined block (13) is fixed in the first ejector rod (6). block (14), when the second top rod (7) moves down a certain distance and the expansion plate (11) fully extends out of the first top rod (6), the ramp on the inclined block (14) is triggered and the corresponding triangle The contact of the inclined surface on the inclined block (13) and the continuous downward movement of the second ejector rod (7) can force the expansion plate (11) to slide out; 所述限位装置包括滑动安装于移动杆(3)且沿移动杆(3)长度方向延伸的抵触板(40),所述抵触板(40)与移动杆(3)之间连接有抵接弹簧(41),所述抵触板(40)上端面设置有定位孔(42)且移动杆(3)上竖向滑动安装有与定位孔(42)相配合的定位杆(43),所述定位杆(43)与移动杆(3)之间连接有定位弹簧(44),所述移动杆(3)上安装有电磁铁且定位杆(43)面向电磁铁一侧固定有铁片,所述电磁铁与控制装置电性连接;The limiting device comprises an abutting plate (40) slidably mounted on the moving rod (3) and extending along the length direction of the moving rod (3), the abutting plate (40) and the moving rod (3) being connected with each other A spring (41), a positioning hole (42) is provided on the upper end surface of the abutting plate (40), and a positioning rod (43) matched with the positioning hole (42) is vertically slidably installed on the moving rod (3). A positioning spring (44) is connected between the positioning rod (43) and the moving rod (3), an electromagnet is installed on the moving rod (3), and an iron sheet is fixed on the side of the positioning rod (43) facing the electromagnet, so The electromagnet is electrically connected with the control device; 所述控制装置包括固定安装在承载环(1)上的L形架(45)且L形架(45)水平部位滑动安装有控制杆(46),所述控制杆(46)与L形架(45)之间连接有控制弹簧(47)且控制杆(46)置于L形架(45)外一端一体设置有与承载环(1)同轴心设置的弧形触发杆(48),所述L形架(45)水平部分内部与控制弹簧(47)连接部位安装有压力传感器,所述压力传感器电性连接有微控制器并且微控制控制电磁铁回路接通或者断开,所述驱动环(20)上固定安装有与弧形触发杆(48)相配合的弧形块(50)。The control device includes an L-shaped frame (45) fixedly installed on the bearing ring (1), and a control rod (46) is slidably installed at the horizontal part of the L-shaped frame (45), and the control rod (46) is connected to the L-shaped frame. A control spring (47) is connected between (45) and the control rod (46) is placed on the outer end of the L-shaped frame (45) and is integrally provided with an arc-shaped trigger rod (48) coaxially arranged with the bearing ring (1), A pressure sensor is installed inside the horizontal part of the L-shaped frame (45) at the connection part with the control spring (47). An arc-shaped block (50) matched with the arc-shaped trigger rod (48) is fixedly mounted on the drive ring (20). 2.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述U形块(8)滑动安装于承载筒(2)两侧壁且U形块(8)上端面固定安装有与承载环(1)同轴心设置的弧形杆(15)且弧形杆(15)转动配合安装有与承载环(1)同轴心设置的弧形导轨(16),所述弧形导轨(16)沿承载环(1)径向滑动安装于承载环(1)上且与承载环(1)之间连接有滑动弹簧(17),所述弧形导轨(16)背离第一顶杆(6)一侧一体设置有弧形挤压板(19)且弧形挤压板(19)经驱动装置驱动。2. The distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that the U-shaped block (8) is slidably installed on both side walls of the bearing cylinder (2) and the upper end surface of the U-shaped block (8) is fixedly installed There is an arc-shaped rod (15) arranged coaxially with the bearing ring (1), and the arc-shaped rod (15) is rotatably fitted with an arc-shaped guide rail (16) arranged coaxially with the bearing ring (1). The curved guide rail (16) is slidably mounted on the bearing ring (1) along the radial direction of the bearing ring (1), and a sliding spring (17) is connected with the bearing ring (1), and the curved guide rail (16) is away from the first An arc-shaped extrusion plate (19) is integrally provided on one side of the ejector rod (6), and the arc-shaped extrusion plate (19) is driven by a driving device. 3.根据权利要求2所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述驱动装置包括转动安装于承载环(1)上端面且与承载环(1)同轴心设置的驱动环(20),所述驱动环(20)上间隔等距环绕设置有与弧形挤压板(19)相配合的弧形触发板(21),所述驱动环(20)外圆面上部分设置有驱动齿系(22)且驱动齿系(22)啮合有转动安装于承载环(1)上的驱动齿轮(23),所述驱动齿轮(23)经安装在承载环(1)上的驱动电机(24)驱动。3 . The distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 2 , wherein the driving device comprises a driving ring ( 20), the drive ring (20) is provided with an arc-shaped trigger plate (21) matched with the arc-shaped pressing plate (19) at equal intervals, and a part of the outer circular surface of the drive ring (20) is provided There is a drive gear train (22) and the drive gear train (22) is meshed with a drive gear (23) rotatably mounted on the carrier ring (1), the drive gear (23) being driven by a drive gear (23) mounted on the carrier ring (1) The motor (24) is driven. 4.根据权利要求3所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述伸缩传动装置包括竖向滑动安装于第一顶杆(6)上端的滑杆(25)且滑杆(25)上端转动安装有矩形杆(27),所述矩形杆(27)另一端转动安装于U形块(8)上。4. The distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 3, characterized in that the telescopic transmission device comprises a sliding rod (25) vertically slidably installed on the upper end of the first ejector rod (6), and the sliding rod (25) ) is rotatably mounted on the upper end of a rectangular rod (27), and the other end of the rectangular rod (27) is rotatably mounted on the U-shaped block (8). 5.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述第一顶杆(6)两端经转轴(28)转动安装于移动杆(3)上且第一顶杆(6)内转动安装有与转轴(28)同轴心设置的驱动轴(29),所述驱动轴(29)经锥齿轮组(30)驱动升降丝杠(10),所述驱动轴(29)一端间隔穿过转轴(28)且穿出一端套固有主传动齿轮(31),所述主传动齿轮(31)啮合有转动安装于移动杆(3)上的副传动齿轮(32),所述副传动齿轮(32)同轴转动有第一蜗轮(33)且第一蜗轮(33)配合有转动安装于移动杆(3)上的第一蜗杆(34),所述第一蜗杆(34)与同步传动装置连接。5 . The distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 1 , wherein the two ends of the first ejector rod ( 6 ) are rotatably mounted on the moving rod ( 3 ) through the rotating shaft ( 28 ) and the first ejector rod (6) A drive shaft (29) coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (28) is rotatably installed inside, and the drive shaft (29) drives the lifting screw (10) through the bevel gear set (30), and the drive shaft ( 29) One end passes through the rotating shaft (28) at intervals and a main drive gear (31) is sleeved at one end. The main drive gear (31) is engaged with a secondary drive gear (32) rotatably mounted on the moving rod (3), The auxiliary transmission gear (32) is coaxially rotated with a first worm wheel (33) and the first worm wheel (33) is matched with a first worm (34) rotatably mounted on the moving rod (3). 34) Connect with the synchronous transmission. 6.根据权利要求5所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述同步传动装置包括与第一蜗杆(34)轴向滑动配合安装且转动安装于承载筒(2)上的圆筒(35),所述圆筒(35)远离第一顶杆(6)一端套固有第二蜗轮(36)且第二蜗轮(36)配合有转动安装于承载筒(2)上的第二蜗杆(37),所述第二蜗杆(37)同轴转动有同步齿轮(38)且同步齿轮(38)啮合有固定安装于U形块(8)上的同步齿条(39)。6 . The distractor hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 5 , wherein the synchronous transmission device comprises a circular threaded rod that is installed in an axial sliding fit with the first worm ( 34 ) and is rotatably installed on the bearing cylinder ( 2 ). 7 . A cylinder (35), one end of the cylinder (35) away from the first mandrel (6) is sleeved with a second worm gear (36) and the second worm gear (36) is matched with a second worm gear (36) that is rotatably mounted on the bearing cylinder (2). A worm (37), the second worm (37) is coaxially rotated with a synchronizing gear (38), and the synchronizing gear (38) is engaged with a synchronizing rack (39) fixedly mounted on the U-shaped block (8). 7.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述承载环(1)内圆面间隔等距设置有四个弧形滑道(51)且承载筒(2)经与之一体连接的弧形板(26)滑动安装于与之对应的弧形滑道(51)内,相邻两弧形板(26)向外伸出承载环(1)且伸出一端分别固定安装有同轴心且间隔设置的弧形齿条(52),所述弧形齿条(52)与承载环(1)同轴心设置,所述承载环(1)上转动安装有与相配合的两弧形齿条(52)啮合的调节齿轮(53)且调节齿轮(53)经调节电机(54)驱动。7 . The distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 1 , wherein the inner circular surface of the bearing ring ( 1 ) is provided with four arc-shaped slideways ( 51 ) at equidistant intervals and the bearing cylinder ( 2 ). The arc-shaped plate (26) integrally connected with the arc-shaped plate (26) is slidably installed in the corresponding arc-shaped slideway (51), and the two adjacent arc-shaped plates (26) protrude outward from the bearing ring (1) and protrude one end. Concentric and spaced arc-shaped racks (52) are respectively fixedly installed, the arc-shaped racks (52) are coaxially arranged with the bearing ring (1), and the bearing ring (1) is rotatably installed with The adjusting gear (53) meshes with the two matched arc-shaped racks (52) and the adjusting gear (53) is driven by the adjusting motor (54). 8.根据权利要求1所述的腰椎手术中撑开钩,其特征在于,所述承载环(1)横向两侧固定安装有连杆(55)且连杆(55)分别滑动安装有L形杆(56),其中一个所述L形杆(56)内转动安装有与连杆(55)螺纹配合的横向螺杆(57),两所述L形杆(56)竖向部分分别竖向滑动安装有升降筒(59)且另一L形杆(56)螺纹配合有转动安装于升降筒(59)内的竖向螺杆(58),所述竖向调节螺杆经安装于升降筒(59)内的升降电机(60)驱动,两所述升降筒(59)滑动安装在床台上。The distraction hook in lumbar spine surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that, connecting rods (55) are fixedly installed on both lateral sides of the bearing ring (1), and L-shaped connecting rods (55) are slidably installed respectively. Rods (56), one of the L-shaped rods (56) is rotatably installed with a transverse screw (57) threadedly matched with the connecting rod (55), and the vertical parts of the two L-shaped rods (56) slide vertically respectively. A lifting cylinder (59) is installed and another L-shaped rod (56) is threaded with a vertical screw (58) rotatably installed in the lifting cylinder (59), the vertical adjusting screw is installed in the lifting cylinder (59) The inner lifting motor (60) is driven, and the two lifting cylinders (59) are slidably installed on the bed table.
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