CN118873536A - 新方法 - Google Patents
新方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN118873536A CN118873536A CN202410963363.9A CN202410963363A CN118873536A CN 118873536 A CN118873536 A CN 118873536A CN 202410963363 A CN202410963363 A CN 202410963363A CN 118873536 A CN118873536 A CN 118873536A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- capsule
- lumepirone
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- capsules
- monotosylate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
本公开涉及包含游离形式或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆、任选地与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合的药物胶囊,其制备方法以及用于治疗或预防疾病的方法。
Description
本申请是中国专利申请201980054234.5的分案申请,原申请的申请日是2019年8月30日,名称是“新方法”。
相关申请的交叉参考
本国际专利申请要求于2018年8月31日提交的美国临时申请62/725,948和2018年12月14日提交的美国临时申请62/779,923的优先权和权益,通过引用将其全部内容并入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及包含游离形式或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆、任选地与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合的药物胶囊,其制备方法以及用于治疗或预防疾病的方法。
发明背景
取代的杂环稠合的γ-咔啉类卢美哌隆(4-((6bR,10aS)-3-甲基-2,3,6b,9,10,10a-六氢-IH-吡啶并[3′,4′:4,5]吡咯并[1,2,3-de]喹喔啉-8(7H)-基-l-(4-氟苯基)-I-丁酮)已知是5-羟色胺受体(5-HT2A)、多巴胺受体(D1和/或D2)和5-羟色胺转运蛋白(SERT)配体,其可用于治疗各种中枢神经系统障碍。
卢美哌隆拮抗5-羟色胺-2A(5-HT2A)受体,和/或调控多巴胺受体在关键细胞内磷蛋白水平的信号传导。已知该化合物主要可用于治疗精神分裂症、抑郁症(尤其是急性抑郁症和双相抑郁症)、焦虑症和创伤性障碍(包括急性焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍)和痴呆症(包括阿尔茨海默氏病及其相关症状)的阳性和阴性症状。在多巴胺D2受体上,该化合物具有双重特性,并同时充当D2受体的突触后拮抗剂和突触前部分激动剂。它还以中脑边缘特异性方式刺激谷氨酸能的NMDA NR2B或GluN2B受体的磷酸化。据信脑区域的这种区域选择性被认为介导抗精神病药的功效,以及5-羟色胺能、谷氨酸能和多巴胺能的相互作用,可能导致与精神分裂症相关的阳性、阴性、情感和认知症状的抗精神病功效。该化合物还显示出5-羟色胺再摄取抑制作用,为精神分裂症、共病抑郁和/或作为重度抑郁症的独立治疗提供抗抑郁活性。卢美哌隆还可用于治疗躁郁症、其他精神病和神经退行性疾病,尤其是与痴呆症、自闭症和其他中枢神经系统疾病相关的行为障碍。这些特征可能能够改善精神分裂症患者的生活质量并增强社交功能,使他们能够更充分地融入其家庭和工作场所。卢美哌隆显示出不同的剂量依赖性效应,在低剂量时选择性靶向5-HT2A受体,而在高剂量时逐渐与D2受体相互作用。因此,在较低的剂量下,可用于治疗睡眠、攻击性和躁动。在高剂量下,它可以治疗急性加重和残留的精神分裂症、躁郁症和情绪障碍。
卢美哌隆结构式如下:
其为具有强效(Ki=0.5nM)5-HT2A受体拮抗作用的新型治疗药物,作为中脑边缘/中脑选择性多巴胺受体蛋白磷酸化调节剂的活性,与体内的突触前D2受体部分激动和突触后D2受体拮抗作用(Ki=32nM)、D1受体亲和力高(Ki=52nM)以及对5-羟色胺转运蛋白的抑制作用(SERT)(Ki=26-62nM,使用不同的SERT活性检测方法)是相一致的。卢美哌隆目前处于III期临床开发阶段,用于治疗精神分裂症、双相抑郁症和痴呆症(包括阿尔茨海默氏病)的躁动。
卢美哌隆和相关化合物已在美国专利6,548,493、7,238,690、6,552,017、6,713,471、US RE39680和US RE39679中公开,其作为新型化合物可用于治疗与5-HT2A受体调节相关的疾病,例如焦虑症、抑郁症、精神病、精神分裂症、睡眠障碍、性障碍、偏头痛、与头痛相关的病症和社交恐惧症。美国专利7,081,455和8,309,722也公开了制备取代的杂环稠合的γ-咔啉类的方法,以及这些γ-咔啉类作为5-羟色胺激动剂和拮抗剂用于控制和预防中枢神经系统障碍例如成瘾性行为和睡眠障碍的用途。U.S.8,598,119和US 2015/0080404通过引用并入本文作为参考,公开了特定取代的杂环稠合的γ-咔啉类在治疗精神病和抑郁症以及患有精神病或帕金森氏病的患者的睡眠、抑郁和/或情绪障碍的组合治疗的用途,以及用于治疗或预防与痴呆症相关的疾病,尤其是行为或情绪障碍,例如躁动、刺激、攻击性/攻击性行为、愤怒、身体或情感的爆发、精神病和与痴呆有关的睡眠障碍。U.S.8,648,077通过引用并入本文作为参考,公开了制备特定取代的杂环稠合的γ-咔啉的甲苯磺酸加成盐结晶,例如4-((6bR,10aS)-3-甲基-2,3,6b,9,10,10a-六氢-IH-吡啶并[3′,4′:4,5]吡咯并[l,2,3-de]喹喔啉-8(7H)-基)-1-(4-氟苯基)-1-丁酮的甲苯磺酸加成盐的方法。
U.S.8,993,572通过引用并入本文作为参考,公开了用于改进剂型(例如缓释/控释制剂)的取代杂环稠合γ-咔啉的前药/代谢物。本申请公开了被4-氟苯基(4-羟基)丁基部分N-取代的杂环稠合γ-咔啉显示出与含有4-氟苯基丁酮的杂环稠合γ-咔啉对5-羟色胺转运蛋白(SERT)相比的高选择性。
U.S.8,598,119教导了所选取代的杂环稠合的γ-咔啉化合物对5-羟色胺再摄取转运蛋白(SERT)具有纳摩尔亲和力,因此是选择性的5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂。
最近还发现卢美哌隆在治疗急性抑郁症和急性焦虑方面可能特别有效,因为与现有抗抑郁药相比其起效迅速。这被认为是由于它通过一个独立于传统单胺类信号系统的神经递质系统发出信号。卢美哌隆提供多巴胺D1受体依赖性NMDA和AMPA电流增强,并激活mTOR(例如mTORC1)信号通路。
发明摘要
本公开提供了包含游离或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆的药物胶囊。在一些实施方案中,所述胶囊为口服胶囊。在一些实施方案中,所述胶囊进一步包含一种或多种另外的治疗剂。这些胶囊可用于治疗或预防各种中枢神经系统障碍。
发明详述
卢美哌隆是新型治疗剂,具有强效(Ki=0.5nM)5-HT2A受体拮抗作用,作为中脑边缘/中脑皮层选择性多巴胺受体蛋白磷酸化调节剂的活性(与在体内突触前D2受体部分激动作用和突触后D2受体拮抗作用(Ki=32nM)一致),高D1受体亲和性(Ki=52nM),和5-羟色胺转运蛋白(SERT)的抑制作用(Ki=26-62nM,采用不同的SERT活性测定方法)。卢美哌隆作为治疗精神分裂症、双相抑郁和痴呆症(包括阿尔茨海默病)的躁动的药物,目前处于Ⅲ期临床开发阶段。
本公开提供了包含卢美哌隆的药物胶囊(胶囊1):
卢美哌隆以游离或药学上可接受的盐形式(例如,甲苯磺酸盐形式)存在。例如,胶囊1可以如下所示:
1.1.胶囊1,其中所述胶囊包含游离碱形式的卢美哌隆(例如,游离碱固体无定形分散体形式);
1.2.胶囊1,其中所述胶囊包含药学上可接受的盐或共晶形式的卢美哌隆;
1.3.胶囊1,其中所述胶囊包含甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆,例如,单甲苯磺酸盐形式、二甲苯磺酸盐形式和三甲苯磺酸盐形式中的一种或多种;
1.4.胶囊1.3,其中所述胶囊包含单甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆和二甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆的组合;
1.5.胶囊1或1.1-1.3中的任一种,其中所述胶囊包含单甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆;
1.6.胶囊1.5,其中所述单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆为固体结晶形式,例如具有如U.S.8,648,077中所公开的物理性质和化学性质,例如其中所公开的XRPD光谱、IR光谱和/或DSC/TGA光谱中的一种或多种;
1.7.胶囊1.5,其中所述单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆为固体结晶形式,其中所述结晶呈现X射线粉末衍射图案,所述X射线粉末衍射图案包含至少两个选自以下2θ值的峰:5.68°、12.11°、16.04°、17.03°、18.16°、19.00°、21.67°、22.55°、23.48°和24.30°,所述峰值中的每一个±0.2°,例如,其中X射线粉末衍射数据在使用带有镍过滤器的铜阳极操作的衍射仪上收集;
1.8.胶囊1.5,其中所述单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆为固体结晶形式,其中所述结晶呈现X射线粉末衍射图案,所述X射线粉末衍射图案包含至少五个选自以下2θ值的峰:5.68°、12.11°、16.04°、17.03°、18.16°、19.00°、21.67°、22.55°、23.48°和24.30°,所述峰值中的每一个±0.2°,例如,其中X射线粉末衍射数据在使用带有镍过滤器的铜阳极操作的衍射仪上收集;
1.9.胶囊1.5,其中所述单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆为固体结晶形式,其中所述结晶呈现X射线粉末衍射图案,所述衍射图案包含具有以下2θ值的峰:5.6811°、8.5140°、11.3750°、12.1088°、13.3354°、15.7948°、16.0419°、16.4461°、17.0309°、17.2606°、17.5531°、18.1581°、18.9968°,19.8889°、20.7510°、21.6724°、22.25463°、23.4815°、23.7411°、24.3006°、25.9394°、27.2321°、28.3782°、28.9055°、29.6695°、31.6106°、32.2950°、34.8530°、37.5435°、39.4972°、40.2502°和40.8303°,所述峰值中的每一个±0.2°,例如,其中X射线粉末衍射数据在使用带有镍过滤器的铜阳极操作的衍射仪上收集;
1.10.胶囊1.5-1.9中的任一种,其中所述胶囊还包括甲苯磺酸,例如,与单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆的摩尔比为约1∶1至1∶2,例如,摩尔比为1∶1至1∶1.5,或摩尔比为1∶1至1∶2,或摩尔比为约1∶1;
1.11.胶囊1或1.1-1.10中的任一种,其中所述胶囊包含卢美哌隆,其以游离和/或药学上可接受的盐形式存在,总单位量相当于0.01至120mg的卢美哌隆游离碱,例如,0.01-100mg、0.01-75mg、0.01-50mg、0.01-30mg、0.01-20mg、0.1-20mg、5-20mg、10-20mg,10-30mg、20-30mg、20-50mg、30-50mg、50-100mg、1-75mg、或1-60mg、或1-40mg、或1-20mg、1-10mg、25-35mg、或35-45mg、或约6mg、或约14mg、或约28mg、或约42mg;例如,所述胶囊可包含约20mg、约40mg或约60mg的单甲磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆。
1.12.胶囊1或1.1-1.11中的任一种,进一步包含一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体(即赋形剂);
1.13.胶囊1.12,其中所述一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体包含以下所述的一种或多种(a)稀释剂/填充剂(例如纤维素或微晶纤维素、甘露醇、磷酸二钙或异麦芽酮糖醇,(b)黏合剂,(c)崩解剂(例如交联聚维酮或交联羧甲基纤维素钠),(d)润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁或单硬脂酸甘油酯),(e)助流剂(例如二氧化硅或滑石粉),(f)泡腾剂,(g)聚合物,(h)增塑剂,(i)干燥剂(drying agent)或干燥剂(desiccant),(i)保湿剂(例如,多元醇),(k)润湿剂,(1)抗氧化剂,(m)增稠剂(如胶凝剂),(n)表面活性剂,(o)缓冲液,(p)甜味剂或矫味剂,以及(q)染料或着色剂;
1.14.胶囊1.12,其中所述一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体包含一种或多种亲水性水溶性或水溶胀性聚合物;
1.15.胶囊1.14,其中所述聚合物选自天然或改性纤维素聚合物、环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷聚合物、包含丙烯酸单体的聚合物、天然或改性胶(例如黄原胶)、天然或改性淀粉(例如预胶化淀粉),或其混合物;
1.16.胶囊1.12,其中所述一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体包含一种或多种疏水性聚合物或水溶性差的聚合物,例如,硅酮聚合物或聚亚烷基聚合物(例如,聚乙烯);
1.17.胶囊1.12,其中所述一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体包含选自以下任一种:醇类(乙醇、甘油、丙二醇)、树胶(例如,阿拉伯胶、瓜尔胶、琼脂、黄原胶、西黄蓍胶、刺梧桐树胶、结冷胶)、多糖和多糖衍生物(例如,淀粉、葡聚糖、果胶、海藻酸盐、卡拉胶、纤维素、纤维素衍生物(例如,羧甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、羟烷基纤维素(例如,羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素))、包括非凝胶和凝胶类型的明胶(例如,哺乳动物明胶,例如牛明胶、猪明胶,鸟类明胶、鱼类明胶(例如,高分子量和低分子量的混合明胶)、合成聚合物(例如,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚氧化乙烯和/或聚氧化丙烯聚合物和共聚物(例如,泊洛沙姆,例如泊洛沙姆188)、聚丙烯酸酯聚合物(例如,卡波姆)、聚酰胺聚合物、糖和糖醇(例如,右旋葡萄糖、乳糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、核糖、蔗糖、海藻糖、甘露醇、麦芽糖醇、乳糖醇、山梨醇、木糖醇、赤藓糖醇、半乳糖醇、肌醇)、多肽/蛋白质、氨基酸、无机或有机酸(例如,枸橼酸、乳酸、苹果酸、葡萄糖酸、苯甲酸、甲苯磺酸、磷酸、硫酸、盐酸、酒石酸、草酸、环己酸、抗坏血酸、甲磺酸、苯磺酸、甲酸)及其盐类(如上述酸的钠、钾、钙、镁、锂、铵盐)、无机或有机碱(如碱金属或碱土金属碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、氢氧化物、氧化物)、阴离子表面活性剂(如十二烷基硫酸钠、月桂醇聚醚硫酸酯钠(sodium laureth sulfate)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、硬脂酸钠)、阳离子表面活性剂(如苯扎溴铵卤化物、十六烷基吡啶卤化物、十六烷基卤化物、苯扎溴铵卤化物)、两性离子表面活性剂(如椰酰胺烷基甜菜碱,例如椰油酰胺丙基甜菜碱)、非离子表面活性剂(例如脂肪醇乙氧基化物(例如聚乙二醇聚十二烷基醚))、脱水山梨醇酯(例如脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单棕榈酸酯、脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯、脱水山梨醇三硬脂酸酯)、聚乙氧基脱水山梨醇酯(例如聚山梨酯20、聚山梨酯40、聚山梨酯60、聚山梨酯80)和抗氧化剂(如抗坏血酸、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、焦亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸钠、BHT、BHA、TBHQ、没食子酸丙酯、β-胡萝卜素、生育酚、生育三烯酚、枸橼酸、EDTA);
1.18.胶囊1或1.1-1.17中的任一种,其中所述胶囊包含或由以下组成:(a)甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆(例如,单甲苯磺酸盐)、甘露醇、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、滑石粉和单硬脂酸甘油酯、或(b)甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆(例如,单甲苯磺酸盐)、甘露醇、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、滑石粉和硬脂酸镁;
1.19.胶囊1.12-1.18中的任一种,其中每种所述药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂中的任何一种或多种以该胶囊重量的0.01%-80%存在,例如,0.1%-60%、或0.1%-40%、或0.1%-30%、0.01%-15%、或0.01%-10%、或0.1%-20%、或0.1%-15%、或0.1%-10%、或0.5%-10%、或0.5%-5%、或1-5%、或2.5-5%、或1-3%、或0.1-1%;任选地,其中所述胶囊包含60-90重量%的稀释剂/填充剂,例如70至80重量%的稀释剂/填充剂;
1.20.胶囊1.12-1.19中的任一种,其中所述胶囊包含1%-90%的卢美哌隆,其以游离和/或药学上可接受的盐形式(例如甲苯磺酸盐)存在,并测定卢美哌隆所有形式的总含量占组合物的重量百分数计,例如1%-80%、或1%-70%、或1%-60%、或1%-50%、或1%-40%、或1%-30%、或1%-20%、或1%-15%、或1%-10%、或1%-5%、或5%-10%、或10%-20%、或20%-30%,卢美哌隆以游离和/或药学上可接受的盐形式存在;
1.21.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含0.01-99%的水,例如0.01-10%的水,或0.01-5%的水或50-99%的水或75-99%的水,或25-75%的水;
1.22.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含一层或多层表面衣层,例如聚合物表面衣层;
1.23.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊为硬壳胶囊,例如,其中所述胶囊包含游离形式或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆,任选进一步与一种或多种其他治疗剂混合,且所述卢美哌隆与稀释剂/载体和其他活性剂以颗粒或小丸形式包含在内,所述颗粒、小丸或粉末包含在胶囊壳内;
1.24.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊是软胶囊,例如明胶胶囊;
1.25.任何前述胶囊,其中所述卢美哌隆存在于(a)平均粒径为1-200μm,例如,1-150μm、1-100μm、1-50μm、1-25μm、1-15μm、1-10μm、5-10μm或1-5μm;和/或(b)D90≤100μm、≤50μm、≤25μm、≤15μm或≤10μm;和/或(c)D10≤50μm、≤25μm、≤15μm、≤10μm,或≤5μm;任选其中卢美哌隆颗粒具有不大于10μm的D90、不大于5μm的D10和/或2-5μm的D50的粒度分布(PSD)。
1.26.胶囊1或1.1-1.25中的任一种,其中所述胶囊被配制用于口服(胃肠)施用;
1.27.胶囊1或1.1-1.25中的任一种,其中所述胶囊被配制用于直肠或阴道施用;
1.28.任何前述胶囊,其中所述卢美哌隆与有效量的另外的治疗剂组合(例如固定组合);
1.29.胶囊1.28,其中另外的治疗剂为抗焦虑药或抗抑郁药;
1.30.胶囊1.29,其中所述抗焦虑药或抗抑郁药选自一种或多种游离或药学上可接受的盐形式的化合物,选自选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)、5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SNRI)、三环类抗抑郁剂(TCAs)和非典型抗精神病药物,例如一种或多种游离或药学上可接受的盐形式的化合物,选自:
(a)选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI),例如西酞普兰(Celexa)、艾司西酞普兰(Lexapro,Cipralex)、帕罗西汀(Paxil,Seroxat)、氟西汀(百忧解,即Prozac)、氟伏沙明(Luvox)、舍曲林{左洛复即Zoloft、乐司特即Lustral);
(b)5-羟色胺-去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(SNRI),例如地文拉法辛(Pristiq)、度洛西汀(Cymbalta)、左旋米那西泮(Fetzima)、米那西普兰(Ixel、Savella)、托芬那新(Elamol、Tofacine)、文拉法辛(Effexor);
(c)三环类抗抑郁药(TCA),例如阿米替林(依拉维(Elavil),恩德普(Endep))、阿米替林氧化物(Amioxid,Ambivalon,Equilibrin)、氯米帕明(Anafranil)、地昔帕明(Norpramin,Pertofrane)、二苯西平(Noveril,Victoril)、地美他克林(Istonil)、多舒利平(Prothiaden)、多塞平(Adapin,Sinequan)、丙咪嗪(Tofranil)、洛非帕明(Lomont,Gamanil)、美利曲辛(Dixeran,Melixeran,Trausabun)、Nitroxazepine(Sintamil)、去甲替林(Pamelor,Aventyl)、诺昔匹林(Agedal,Elronon,Nogedal)、哌泊非嗪(Azafen/Azaphen)、普罗替林(Vivactil)、曲米帕明(Surmontil);
(d)苯二氮卓类,例如选自2-酮基化合物(例如,氯硝西泮、地西泮、氟硝西泮、哈拉西泮、普拉西泮);3-羟基化合物(劳拉西泮、洛美他西泮、奥沙西泮、替马西泮);7-硝基化合物(例如,氯硝西泮、氟硝西泮、尼美西泮、硝西泮);三唑类化合物(例如,阿迪唑仑、阿普唑仑、艾司他唑仑、三唑仑);和咪唑化合物(氯马唑仑、氯普唑仑、咪达唑仑);
1.31. 1.29的胶囊,其中另外的抗抑郁药选自选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRI)、5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SRI)、三环抗抑郁剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂(NRI)、多巴胺再摄取抑制剂(DRI)、SRI/NRI、SRI/DRI、NRI/DRI、和SRI/NRI/DRI(三重再摄取抑制剂)、5-羟色胺受体拮抗剂或其任何组合);
1.32. 1.28的胶囊,其中所述另外的治疗剂是NMDA受体拮抗剂,例如,选自氯胺酮(例如,S-氯胺酮和/或R-氯胺酮)、羟基去甲氯胺酮、美金刚胺、右旋美沙芬、右旋阿洛芬、去甲右美沙芬、金刚烷胺和胍丁胺或其任何组合;
1.33.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊是通过向空胶囊壳中添加含有游离或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆的固体原料并扣紧所述壳制备的;
1.34. 1.33的胶囊,其中所述原料是通过干法混合或干法制粒工艺制备的;
1.35. 1.33或1.34的胶囊,其中所述胶囊壳包含胶凝剂,例如明胶、卡拉胶、淀粉、纤维素、改性纤维素(例如HPMC、HPC、HEC等)或其组合;
1.36. 1.35的胶囊,其中所述胶囊壳进一步包含如本文所述的增塑剂、润滑剂、防腐剂、崩解剂、染料或着色剂、矫味剂、甜味剂或其他药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂中的一种或多种(例如,其中以上所述的一种或多种药学上可接受的载体,其被包含在胶囊壳中);
1.37.任何前述胶囊,其中胶囊拟每天施用一次,或每天施用两次,或每天施用三次,或每隔一天施用一次,或每三天施用一次;
1.38.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊被包装在泡罩包装(例如,推入式包装)中,例如由任何合适材料制成的泡罩包装(例如,铝箔、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚三氟氯乙烯、环烯烃共聚物、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯、或其组合);
1.39.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊被包装在瓶子中(例如,塑料或玻璃瓶,可选带有螺旋盖或防儿童盖),任选地,瓶中还含有干燥剂(例如,二氧化硅或氯化钙),例如,瓶中有一个小室容纳干燥剂或瓶中含有一个或多个装有干燥剂的小透水袋;
1.40.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊被配制为速释;
1.41.任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊具有本文实施例2中批号1、批号2、批号3、批号4、批号5或批号6中任一批号所示的处方;
1.42.任何前述胶囊,其中单个胶囊在500mL 0.1N盐酸水溶液中溶解,15分钟后溶解程度至少为85%(例如90-98%),和/或30分钟后溶解程度至少为92%(例如95-99%),和/或45分钟后溶解程度至少为94%(例如95-99%);
1.43.任何前述胶囊,其中在禁食条件下口服包含60mg甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆的单个胶囊,可提供15-55ng/mL的卢美哌隆最大血浆浓度(例如,30-40ng/mL的平均Cmax),和/或0.7-1.5小时的血药浓度达峰时间(例如,1-1.2小时的平均Tmax,或约1小时的中位数Tmax),和/或血浆浓度曲线(AUC)下的面积外推到无穷大(AUC(0-inf))51到135hr.ng/mL(例如,70-115hr.ng/mL或85-100hr.ng/mL的平均AUC(0-inf));
1.44.任何前述胶囊,其中在禁食条件下口服包含60mg卢美哌隆甲苯磺隆的单粒胶囊剂量提供以下一个或多个血浆代谢物浓度值:
(a)代谢物A的平均Cmax为25-38ng/mL(例如,32ng/mL);
(b)代谢物B的平均Cmax为16-25ng/mL(例如,20ng/mL);
(c)代谢物C的平均Cmax为16-25ng/mL(例如,20ng/mL);
(d)代谢物D的平均Cmax为8-13ng/mL(例如,10ng/mL);
(e)代谢物E的平均Cmax为16-25ng/mL(例如,20ng/mL);
(f)代谢物A的平均AUC(0-inf)为270-410hr ng/mL(例如,340hr ng/mL);
(g)代谢物B的平均AUC(0-inf)为43-65hr ng/mL(例如54hr ng/mL);
(h)代谢物C的平均AUC(0-inf)为220-335hr ng/mL(例如,278hr ng/mL);
(i)代谢物D的平均AUC(0-inf)为45-68hr ng/mL(例如57hr ng/mL);
(j)代谢物E的平均AUC(0-inf)为330-500hr ng/mL(例如,415hr ng/mL);
(k)Cmax(代谢物A)/Cmax(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.8-1.3(例如,1.1);
(l)Cmax(代谢物B)/Cmax(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.5-0.8(例如,0.7);
(m)Cmax(代谢物C)/Cmax(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.5-0.8(例如,0.7);
(n)Cmax(代谢物D)/Cmax(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.3-0.4(例如,0.35);
(o)Cmax(代谢物E)/Cmax(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.5-0.8(例如,0.7);
(p)AUC(0-inf)(代谢物A)/AUC(0-inf)(卢美哌隆)的比值为3.2-4.8(例如4.0);
(q)AUC(0-inf)(代谢物B)/AUC(0-inf)(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.5-0.8(例如0.6);
(r)AUC(0-inf)(代谢物C)/AUC(0-inf)(卢美哌隆)的比值为2.6-4.0(例如3.3);
(s)AUC(0-inf)(代谢物D)/AUC(0-inf)(卢美哌隆)的比值为0.5-0.8(例如0.7);
(t)AUC(0-inf)(代谢物E)/AUC(0-inf)(卢美哌隆)的比值为3.9-6.0(例如5.0);
1.45任何前述胶囊,其中所述胶囊被配制成用于延迟释放或缓释。
在一些实施方案中,黏合剂可包括羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚维酮、聚乙烯醇、阿拉伯树胶粉、明胶、支链淀粉(pullulan)等的一种或多种。每粒胶囊可包含每种黏合剂0.5-10%(重量百分比),例如1-5%或1-3%(重量百分比)。
使用羧甲基纤维素钙、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚维酮、低取代羟丙基纤维素、琼脂粉等作为崩解剂。优选羧甲基淀粉钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素等崩解剂。每片可含有0.1-15%重量的崩解剂,优选1-5%重量的崩解剂。
在一些实施例中,本公开的胶囊还包含适量的矫味剂、润滑剂、着色剂等,或通常用于制备盖伦制剂的各种添加剂。任选地,任何此类添加剂可包含在胶囊壳中或胶囊内,或两者均包含。如果包含在胶囊中,则此类添加剂可包含在包含卢美哌隆的颗粒、丸粒或粉末材料中,或此类添加剂可包含在与包含卢美哌隆的颗粒、丸粒或粉末分离的颗粒、丸粒或粉末材料中。润滑剂可包括硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚乙二醇、滑石粉、硬脂酸、富马酸硬脂酸钠等。着色剂可包括食品色素,例如食品黄5号、食品红2号、食品蓝2号、食品色淀、三氧化二铁等。
在一些实施例中,包衣混合物可通过使用众所周知的方法应用于胶囊,其目的是,例如,在用活性成分、一种或多种添加剂等包衣粒子核心后,进一步掩蔽味道和气味,并制备肠溶制剂或缓释制剂。
本公开的胶囊包括例如硬胶囊和软胶囊。它们不包括片剂、囊形片和药丸。硬胶囊是由固体材料制成的两片明胶胶囊。胶囊壳由两部分组成,一个外半部分和一个内半部分,当它们连接和密封时,形成一个安全的外壳,其中可装入固体物质。活性药物成分,即卢美哌隆,可以粉末、一个或多个颗粒或微丸的形式被装入胶囊内。这种颗粒或小丸可以通过任何合适的方法制备,包括挤压和滚圆粉末、辊压或锤击。软壳胶囊是固体材料的单片凝胶封装,并且这种固体材料可以是水性凝胶的形式。
本公开的胶囊可进一步包含任何一种或多种药学上可接受的溶剂、表面张力调节剂(例如表面活性剂)、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂、味觉掩蔽剂、矫味剂和甜味剂。溶剂的实例包括水及其它溶剂,其可与水或增溶剂混溶且适于口服用途。合适溶剂的实例为乙醇、丙二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、泊洛沙姆、山梨醇及苯甲醇。在一些实施方案中,可通过向溶液中添加药学上可接受的共溶剂、环糊精或其衍生物(例如,葡聚糖)来进一步增强卢美哌隆的水溶性。
可添加防腐剂,以防止液体制剂中细菌、酵母菌和真菌等微生物的生长,这些微生物可能会重复使用。合适的防腐剂应在所需的pH范围内具有物理化学稳定性和有效性。防腐剂的实例包括乙醇、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯和苯甲醇。
在一些实施方案中,本公开的胶囊包含一种或多种抗氧化剂,以防止活性物质的降解。抗氧化剂的实例包括没食子酸丙酯、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、抗坏血酸、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)、丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、生育酚、生育三烯酚、亚硫酸钠、焦亚硫酸钠、β-胡萝卜素、枸橼酸和EDTA。
在一些实施例中,着色剂可用于使产品外观均匀和/或保护任何光敏成分。合适的着色剂包括美国食品和药物管理局批准的所有颜料、染料和色淀(例如FD&C着色剂),包括但不限于FD&C黄色#6、FD&C蓝色#1、FD&C红色#3、黑色氧化铁、红色氧化铁、二氧化钛或其任何组合。着色剂可包含在胶囊壳内或胶囊填充物内,或两者兼而有之。
在一些实施方案中,甜味剂可用于掩盖不愉快的味道或实现所需的味道。甜味剂的实例为葡萄糖、山梨醇、甘油、乙酰磺胺钾(安赛蜜)和新橙皮苷二氢查尔酮。可通过添加一种或多种调味物质来进一步优化口味。适宜的调味物质是水果口味,如樱桃、覆盆子、黑加仑子、柠檬或草莓口味或其他口味,如甘草、茴香、薄荷和焦糖。
本公开的胶囊可通过,例如,以游离或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆和一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂(即赋形剂)湿法制粒制备,例如,黏合剂和/或具有水或黏合剂溶液的崩解剂,使用高速混合造粒机、流化床造粒机、烘干机、离心翻滚流化床造粒机、包衣机或捏合机等机器,对颗粒进行混合或喷润滑剂,然后装胶囊。或者,本公开的胶囊可通过卢美哌隆干法造粒来制备,所述干法造粒的卢美哌隆为游离碱或药学上可接受的盐形式,与一种或多种药学上可接受的载体或稀释剂(即赋形剂),例如黏合剂(可进一步包含崩解剂),使用机器,如辊压机;对颗粒混合或喷崩解剂(可进一步包含润滑剂);然后装胶囊。
卢美哌隆的适宜形式包括游离碱形式,包括其无定形固体分散体、药学上可接受的盐形式,包括其结晶形式,以及药学上可接受的共晶形式。在专利出版物WO 2018/71233中公开了无定形固体分散体形式的卢美哌隆游离碱,其内容在此通过引用并入本文。除非另有说明,术语“药学上可接受的盐”包括在卢美哌隆和任何药学上可接受的酸(例如,Bronsted酸)之间的酸加成盐,其摩尔比为酸结构允许的任何摩尔比。例如,卢美哌隆的“药学上可接受的盐形式”包括一盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、三盐酸盐、单甲苯磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐和三甲苯磺酸盐,或其任何混合物。在一些实施方案中,卢美哌隆盐是结晶固体(例如,盐结晶)。在一些实施方案中,卢美哌隆可作为共晶存在,即,与第二物种共晶的卢美哌隆游离碱。卢美哌隆的药学上可接受的盐和共晶形式包括在美国专利8,648,077、9,199,995和9,586,960、专利公开WO 2017/1172811和WO 2017/172784以及美国临时申请62/56,3341和62/681,534中公开的所有那些形式,其中每一项的内容在此通过引用并入本文作为参考。
在第二方面,本公开提供了一种用于制备胶囊1或1.1-1.45中任一胶囊的方法(方法1),其中所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将游离或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆(例如,甲苯磺酸盐形式)与至少一种稀释剂或载体(例如,与填充剂,例如甘露醇)结合;
(b)将得到的混合物混合;
(c)任选地过滤(例如,筛分)所得混合物,例如,以获得均匀的粒径;
(d)添加至少一种其它稀释剂或载体(例如崩解剂(例如交联羧甲基纤维素钠)、或助流剂(例如滑石粉)、或润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁)或其组合);
(e)混合所得混合物;
(f)任选地过滤(例如筛分)所得混合物,例如,以获得均匀的粒径;
(g)将得到的物料装入胶囊,例如硬壳胶囊;
(h)任选地向胶囊涂一种或多种衣层。
第三方面,本公开提供了一种用于治疗或预防涉及5-HT2A受体、5-羟色胺转运蛋白(SERT)和/或多巴胺D1/D2受体信号通路或由其介导的疾病或障碍的方法(方法1),包括向有需要的患者施用根据本发明的胶囊1或1.1-1.45中的任何一个的胶囊。在一些实施方案中,所述疾病或障碍选自肥胖、厌食症、贪食症、抑郁(包括重度抑郁障碍(MDD)、急性抑郁、创伤后抑郁)、焦虑(包括急性焦虑、惊恐障碍、恐怖症、社交焦虑障碍或社交退缩)、精神病(包括急性精神病),精神分裂症(包括精神分裂症的残余症状,如精神分裂症的阳性和/或阴性症状)、强迫症、性障碍、偏头痛、注意力缺陷障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍、睡眠障碍、与头痛相关的病症、愤怒障碍,躁动(包括急性躁动)、痴呆(包括阿尔茨海默病和帕金森氏痴呆)、胃肠道障碍(如胃肠道运动功能障碍)和双相情感障碍(如双相抑郁)。
相应地,“治疗”(treatment)和“治疗”(treating)应理解为包括预防和治疗或改善疾病症状和/或治疗疾病原因。在特定实施方案中,词语“治疗”和“治疗”是指疾病症状的预防或改善。
术语“患者”可包括人类或非人类患者。
合成卢美哌隆及相关化合物的方法为本领域所知,包括美国专利6,548,493、7,238,690、6,552,017、6,713,471、7,183,282、7,081,455、8,309,722、U.S.RE39680、U.S.RE39679及U.S.2017/183350中公开的方法,其内容均通过引用并入本文作为参考。本发明化合物的盐亦可如美国专利6,548,493、7,238,690、6,552,017、6,713,471、7,183,282、8,648,077、U.S.RE39680、U.S.RE39679中类似描述的方式制备;其每一项的内容均通过引用并入本文作为参考。
本发明化合物的非对映异构体的分离或纯化可通过本领域已知的常规方法实现,例如柱纯化、制备薄层色谱、制备高效液相色谱、结晶、研磨、模拟移动床等。
可通过常规化学方法,通过与适当酸反应,从含有碱性部分的母体化合物合成卢美哌隆药学上可接受的盐。通常,此类盐可通过将这些化合物的游离碱形式与化学计量量的适当酸在水中或有机溶剂中或两者的混合物溶剂中反应来制备;通常,优选非水介质,例如乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、异丙醇或乙腈。
实施本公开所用的剂量当然会有所不同,例如取决于待治疗的特定疾病或病症、所用的特定活性化合物、施用方式和所需治疗。除非另有说明,供施用的活性化合物的量(不论以游离碱或盐形式施用)是指或基于游离形式化合物的量(即,用量的计算基于游离形式活性部分的量,在盐形式的情况下不考虑反离子的重量)。
为免生疑问,任何数字范围的公开,例如,“至多X”的量是指包括数字上限X。因此,“至多60mg”的公开是指包括60mg。
实施例1:辅料相容性研究
研究了甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆与所选辅料的化学相容性。评估的赋形剂为(1)填充剂(微晶纤维素、甘露醇、无水磷酸氢钙和异麦芽糖醇);(2)崩解剂(交联维酮和交联羧甲基纤维素钠);(3)滑石粉(胶态二氧化硅和滑石粉);(4)润滑剂(硬脂酸镁和单硬脂酸甘油酯);(5)明胶。将甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆与每种赋形剂按1∶1的重量比混合,混合后在40℃和75%相对湿度下加速老化4周,并在50℃下加速老化4周,对混合后即时与两种加速老化条件4周的混合物进行评估。在相同条件下与不含赋形剂的甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆进行比较。结果发现,与所选辅料无化学不相容性。所有样品测量结果表明,与对照组相比,甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆效价为95.2%-106.5%。
实施例2:胶囊处方的小规模试验
胶囊处方开发的初步试验是用包含42mg卢美哌隆(与60mg单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆)的胶囊进行的。每种处方包含选自实施例1中所研究的赋形剂:单一填充剂、单一崩解剂、单一助流剂和单一润滑剂。以300g批量制备制剂。最初的干混过程包括将API(甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆)和每种赋形剂一起通过30目筛网过筛,然后进行手工袋混。首先将API和除润滑剂以外的所有赋形剂混合,然后添加润滑剂,再次混合。然后使用带计量盘和压实销的台式填充机,以获得一致的填充重量,将所得混合物封装到0号明胶胶囊中。下表显示了测试的组合物(成分以300mg胶囊净填充重量的重量百分比显示):
发现批号2配制过程没有问题,而批号1、3和4需要以较低的速度运行灌装器,以避免混合物黏附到夯实销上。这种黏附导致填充重量不一致和大量不合格的胶囊。
使用500mL的0.1N盐酸水溶液作为溶出介质,对每批进行标准溶出度研究。结果如下表所示。批号1、2和3的结果相似,但批号4的含量和溶出度值均较低。对于速释口服胶囊,批号2的结果是可接受的,因此选择该批号处方进行第二批(批号5)的制备。
| 批号 | 1 | 2* | 3 | 4 | 5* |
| 在15min时的溶出度(%) | 91 | 95 | 73 | 88 | 97 |
| 在30min时的溶出度(%) | 92 | 97 | 87 | 91 | 98 |
| 在45min时的溶出度(%) | 94 | 98 | 95 | 92 | 98 |
| 在60min时的溶出度(%) | 94 | 99 | - | - | 98 |
| 在无穷大时间时的溶出度(%)(计算值) | 96 | 100 | 101 | 92 | - |
| 含量(%) | 100.7 | 97.1 | 98.7 | 94.8 | 98.8 |
根据批号2的处方制备了第二批300克量(批次5)进行3个月的稳定性试验,不同的是,该批次使用1夸脱机械V型混合器(这是标准的可扩展混合机)替代手工袋混。将API和除单硬脂酸甘油酯(润滑剂)以外的所有赋形剂合并,在25rpm下混合15分钟。然后加入单硬脂酸甘油酯,将混合物在25rpm下混合3分钟。装入明胶胶囊后,可以观察到混合物在压实销上有些黏连。填充胶囊的合格率为88%。然后将可接受的胶囊包装到60cc高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)瓶中,每瓶装30胶囊,瓶中未放卷纸(coil)或干燥剂。将瓶子在40℃和75%相对湿度下贮存3个月。测定在1个月和3个月时的含量、溶出速率和外观,结果示于下表。发现所有胶囊外观均无变化,且稳定性可接受。
实施例3:胶囊制剂的放大(GMP)
进行了进一步的研究,制备了5.3kg批次的甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆胶囊进行GMP评估(现行的药品生产质量管理规范,由美国食品药品监督管理局制定)。基于小规模的研究结果,选择了批号2的处方进行进一步开发,但将润滑剂改为硬脂酸镁,并修改了制备工艺以减少混合物的黏着(组成与实施例2的批号2匹配)。为了改善工艺,干混步骤使用预混步骤及对预混物手工过筛。因此,该批的组成如下:
| 批号 | 6 |
| 甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆 | 20.0% |
| 甘露醇 | 73.7% |
| 交联羧甲基纤维素钠 | 5.0% |
| 滑石粉 | 0.30% |
| 硬脂酸镁 | 1.0% |
| 单硬脂酸甘油酯 | --- |
制备包含60mg甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆(42mg卢美哌隆游离碱)的胶囊。首先将API在16夸脱的V型混合器中与约为总量一半的甘露醇混合。首先将甘露醇总量的四分之一添加到空混合器中,然后添加API,再添加其余四分之一的甘露醇。将混合物以25rpm混合10分钟。然后将该预混料卸料,30目筛网过筛。然后将过筛的预混料与除润滑剂以外的所有剩余的赋形剂(包括剩余的50%的甘露醇)在1立方英尺的V型混合器在25rpm下混合20分钟。然后加入润滑剂硬脂酸镁,并将混合物以25rpm的转速混合3分钟。然后将共混物灌装到0号明胶胶囊中。进行了GMP分析研究,发现该批产品符合所有GMP要求。未观察到混合物黏附到压实销的情况。
重复进行GMP研究,以制备一批20mg甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆胶囊(14mg卢美哌隆游离碱)。对实施例2的第2批中所示的组成进行如下修改:该批包含6.7重量%的甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆、1.25重量%的硬脂酸镁和86.8重量%的甘露醇。甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆的量较低,反映了胶囊的剂量较低。增加了润滑剂水平以改善较小剂量下的混合,并将甘露醇的量调整为适量。另外,由于API含量较低,修改了混合工艺,预混时间改为15分钟而不是10分钟,以确保适当的混合均匀度。进行了GMP分析研究,发现该批产品符合所有GMP要求。未观察到混合物黏附到压实销的情况。
最后,使用上述工艺和组成以7.5kg的批量制备14mg和42mg的卢美哌隆胶囊(每批次25,000粒胶囊,每粒胶囊300mg填充重量)。进行了GMP分析研究,发现该批产品符合所有GMP要求。未观察到混合物黏附到压实销的情况。
在进一步放大中,通过Comil 196S型圆锥粉碎机(直径为0.045英寸的孔)的机械筛分代替了手动筛分步骤。
实施例4:药代动力学
批号2处方
使用批号2胶囊处方进行I期人体临床试验,以测定在精神分裂症志愿者中口服施用单剂量60mg甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆的血浆药代动力学参数。录入了六名研究受试者采用三部分交叉设计,每剂之间有3天的洗脱期,以进行禁食条件下口服溶液给药(A组)与胶囊给药(B组),以及禁食胶囊给药(B组)和进食条件(C组)的比较。将受试者随机分配到每个给药组,首先是胶囊或口服溶液,然后交叉。
将单粒60mg胶囊复配为240mL的Sprite Zero软饮料来形成口服溶液。摄入此口服溶液后,用30mL Sprite Zero冲洗口服溶液的贮液瓶两次,研究受试者摄入两份30mL冲洗液,以确保口服溶液全部被摄入。服用单粒60mg胶囊的受试者需使用240mL水服用。A组和B组中的所有受试者均在给药前禁食>10小时。C组的受试者在高脂早餐后不久接受给药。
在给药前即时(0小时)以及在给药后0.5小时、1小时、2、3、4、6、8、12和24小时采集血样用于药代动力学分析。药代动力学结果总结在下表中(所有测量均为n=6):
Cmax是血浆峰浓度。Tmax是达Cmax的时间。AUC(0-t)是从时间零到最后一个可定量时间点的血浆浓度曲线下面积。AUC(0-inf)是从零时到无穷时间时血浆浓度曲线下面积,通过从最后一个可量化时间点外推得出。结果表明,在禁食条件下,批号2的胶囊处方可提供与口服溶液相当的药代动力学。相比之下,在高脂餐条件下服用胶囊与禁食相比,Cmax中位数降低38%,AUC中位数提高60%。值得注意的是,由于C组中一名受试者的异常值,进食后给药显示出极低的血浆浓度,因此该组的血浆浓度中位数比平均值更具参考价值。
批号6处方
使用单剂量口服批号6处方的60mg甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆胶囊进行了类似的交叉人体临床药代动力学研究。录入了23名受试者,采用三部分交叉设计,两次给药之间有7天的洗脱期,比较禁食60mg胶囊给药(A组)与禁食60mg片剂给药(B组),并比较禁食条件(B组)和进食条件60mg胶囊给药(C组)。根据接受治疗的顺序将受试者随机分组。所有受试者早上用240mg水服用60mg胶囊或片剂。A组和B组中的所有受试者在给药前禁食>10小时。在FDA标准的高脂/高热量早餐后不久,对C组受试者进行给药。
在给药前即时(0小时)以及在给药后0.25小时、0.5小时、1小时、1.5、2、3、4、6、8、12和24小时采集血样进行药代动力学分析。药代动力学结果汇总在下表中(A组的所有指标均为n=21,B组和C组的所有指标均为n=23):
结果显示,在禁食条件下,批号6的胶囊制剂总体上提供了与片剂相当的药代动力学。相反,与禁食相比,在高脂餐条件下施用胶囊的Cmax几何均值降低了34%,AUC几何均值提高9%。与批号2禁食和进食60mg胶囊的结果相比,批号6的胶囊总体上得到更高的AUC、更高的Cmax,且食物影响较低(与批号2胶囊与食物同服相比,批号6胶囊与食物同服AUC值仅略有增加,Tmax显著降低)。
代谢物药代动力学
卢美哌隆在肝脏(肝脏首过代谢)和肠中(系统前代谢)两处代谢。代谢途径包括直接葡萄糖醛酸化、酮还原、随后是O-葡萄糖醛酸化、N-甲基的脱烷基化、哌嗪环氧化(内酰胺形成)和脱饱和作用。主要的循环代谢物包括以下化合物:
在上述使用批号6胶囊制剂的交叉药代动力学研究中,A组研究受试者在上述相同样本中检出了这些主要代谢物。按以上提供的计算方法计算Cmax和AUC,此外,对每种代谢物与母体化合物的相同参数进行比较,产生每种代谢物各参数的比值(如上表中的A组所示)。得到以下结果:
Claims (20)
1.药物胶囊,其包含游离或药学上可接受的盐形式(例如,甲苯磺酸盐形式)的卢美哌隆:
2.权利要求1的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含游离碱形式(例如,游离碱固体无定形分散体形式)的卢美哌隆。
3.权利要求1的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含药学上可接受的盐或共晶形式的卢美哌隆。
4.权利要求3的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含甲苯磺酸盐形式例如单甲苯磺酸盐形式、二甲苯磺酸盐形式和三甲苯磺酸盐形式中的一种或多种的卢美哌隆。
5.权利要求3或4的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含单甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆和二甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆的组合。
6.权利要求3的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含单甲苯磺酸盐形式的卢美哌隆。
7.权利要求6中的任一胶囊,其中所述单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆为固体结晶形式。
8.权利要求7的胶囊,其中所述单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆为固体结晶形式,且所述结晶呈现X射线粉末衍射图案,所述X射线粉末衍射图案包含至少两个选自以下2θ值的峰:5.68°、12.11°、16.04°、17.03°、18.16°、19.00°、21.67°、22.55°、23.48°和24.30°,所述峰值中的每一个±0.2°,例如,其中X射线粉末衍射数据在使用带有镍过滤器的铜阳极操作的衍射仪上收集。
9.根据权利要求3至8中任一项的胶囊,其中所述胶囊还包含甲苯磺酸,例如相对于单甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆的摩尔比为约1:1至1:2,例如为1:1至1:1.5摩尔比,或1:1至1:2摩尔比,或大约1:1摩尔比。
10.权利要求1-9中任一项的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含游离和/或药学上可接受的盐形式的卢美哌隆,其总单位数相当于0.01-120mg卢美哌隆游离碱,例如0.01-100mg、0.01-75mg、0.01-50mg、0.01-30mg、0.01-20mg、0.1-20mg、5-20mg、10-20mg、10-30mg、20-30mg、20-50mg、30mg-50mg、50-100mg、1-75mg或1-60mg、或1-40mg、或1-20mg、1-10mg、25-35mg、或35-45mg、或约6mg、或约14mg、或约28mg、或约42mg。
11.权利要求1至10中任一项的胶囊,其还包含一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体(即,赋形剂)。
12.权利要求11的胶囊,其中所述一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂或载体包含以下一种或多种:(a)稀释剂/填充剂(例如,纤维素或微晶纤维素、甘露醇、磷酸二钙或异麦芽糖醇),(b)黏合剂,(c)崩解剂(例如交联聚维酮或交联羧甲基纤维素钠),(d)润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁或单硬脂酸甘油酯),(e)助流剂(例如二氧化硅或滑石粉),(f)泡腾剂,(g)聚合物,(h)增塑剂,(i)干燥剂或干燥剂,(j)保湿剂(例如多元醇),(k)润湿剂,(1)抗氧化剂,(m)增稠剂(例如胶凝剂),(n)表面活性剂,(o)缓冲剂,(p)甜味剂或调味剂和(q)染料或着色剂。
13.权利要求1至12中任一项的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包含或由以下组成:(a)甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆(例如,单甲苯磺酸盐)、甘露醇、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、滑石粉和单硬脂酸甘油酯和明胶,或(b)甲苯磺酸卢美哌隆(例如,单甲苯磺酸盐)、甘露醇、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁和明胶。
14.权利要求1至13中任一项的胶囊,其中所述胶囊包括一层或多层表面衣层,例如聚合物表面衣层。
15.权利要求1至14中任一项的胶囊,其中所述胶囊是硬壳胶囊,任选地其中所述胶囊壳包含明胶。
16.权利要求1至15中任一项的胶囊,其中所述卢美哌隆呈现为:(a)平均粒径为1至200μm,例如1-150μm、1-100μm、1-50μm、1-25μm、1-15μm、1-10μm、5-10μm、或1-5μm;和/或(b)D90为≤100μm、≤50μm、<25μm、≤15μm或≤10μm;和/或(c)D10≤50μm、<25μm、≤15μm、≤10μm或≤5μm;任选地,其中所述卢美哌隆颗粒的D90不大于10μm、D10不大于5μm,和/或粒度分布(PSD)D50为2-5μm。
17.权利要求1至16中任一项的胶囊,其中所述胶囊被配制用于口服(胃肠道)施用。
18.权利要求1至17中任一项的胶囊,其中所述卢美哌隆与有效量的另外的治疗剂组合(例如固定组合)。
19.根据权利要求1至18中任一项的胶囊的制备方法,其中所述方法包含以下步骤:
(a)将游离或药学上可接受的盐形式(例如甲苯磺酸盐形式)的卢美哌隆与至少一种稀释剂或载体(例如与填充剂,例如甘露醇)组合;
(b)将所得混合物混合;
(c)任选地过滤(例如,过筛)所得混合物,例如以实现均匀的粒度;
(d)添加至少一种其他稀释剂或载体(例如崩解剂(例如交联羧甲基纤维素钠)或助流剂(例如滑石粉)或润滑剂(例如硬脂酸镁)或其组合);
(e)将所得混合物混合;
(f)任选过滤(例如筛分)所得混合物,例如以实现均匀的粒度;
(g)将得到的材料装胶囊,例如装入硬胶囊中;和
(h)任选地在胶囊上涂一层或多层衣层。
20.用于治疗或预防涉及5-HT2A受体、5-羟色胺转运蛋白(SERT)和/或多巴胺D1/D2受体信号通路或由其介导的疾病或障碍的方法,包括向需要的患者施用根据权利要求1至18中任一项的胶囊。
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