CN1028172C - 制备单-n-烷基化的对称多氮杂大环的方法 - Google Patents
制备单-n-烷基化的对称多氮杂大环的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1028172C CN1028172C CN89109817A CN89109817A CN1028172C CN 1028172 C CN1028172 C CN 1028172C CN 89109817 A CN89109817 A CN 89109817A CN 89109817 A CN89109817 A CN 89109817A CN 1028172 C CN1028172 C CN 1028172C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- nitrogen heterocyclic
- heterocyclic rings
- bromo
- many nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- FFOPEPMHKILNIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC(C)C FFOPEPMHKILNIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 nitro cinnamyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002152 alkylating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC YCOZIPAWZNQLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000664 diazo group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[*] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IENMSXPRVAEDIW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 1-[(e)-3-bromoprop-1-enyl]-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(\C=C\CBr)C=C1 IENMSXPRVAEDIW-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1Br QSSXJPIWXQTSIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VOLRSQPSJGXRNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzyl bromide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 VOLRSQPSJGXRNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NMSIUONIJZCLNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCCCC.N1CCNCCCNCCNC1 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC.N1CCNCCCNCCNC1 NMSIUONIJZCLNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- IQFGBAPUTVGNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [bromo(chloro)-lambda3-iodanyl] 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical group ClI(OC(C(F)(F)F)=O)Br IQFGBAPUTVGNAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012039 electrophile Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002678 macrocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 19
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane Substances CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005160 1H NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007126 N-alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC RZJRJXONCZWCBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical class Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000031709 bromination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclododecane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCCCC1 DDTBPAQBQHZRDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbut-2-ene Chemical group CC=C(C)C BKOOMYPCSUNDGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PURWQTAHOUPNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound [N+](=O)([O-])BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 PURWQTAHOUPNBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006345 epimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940038384 octadecane Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N thionyl chloride Chemical compound ClS(Cl)=O FYSNRJHAOHDILO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLMDJJTUQPXZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane Chemical compound C1COCCOCCNCCOCCOCCN1 NLMDJJTUQPXZFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZGWLAIHOOETTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dithia-3,9-diazacyclododecane Chemical compound C1CNCCSCCNCSC1 KZGWLAIHOOETTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLTKPPRBFXTUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1-bromoethyl)-4-nitrobenzene Chemical compound CC(Br)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 LLTKPPRBFXTUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSDBVGOELWOMIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(diazo-lambda3-bromanyl)benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O)Br=[N+]=[N-] YSDBVGOELWOMIR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGTWFUUHCHLDDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=C.[N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C=C.[N+](=O)([O-])C1=CC=CC=C1 IGTWFUUHCHLDDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical class BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019502 Orange oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000534944 Thia Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYOVOXDWRFGKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N azepine Chemical compound N1C=CC=CC=C1 XYOVOXDWRFGKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical class Br* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001460 carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSKWJTXWJJOJFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroform;ethoxyethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl.CCOCC QSKWJTXWJJOJFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011097 chromatography purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002739 cryptand Substances 0.000 description 1
- SRONXYPFSAKOGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadecane Chemical compound C1CCCCCCCCCCCCCC1 SRONXYPFSAKOGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005595 deprotonation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010537 deprotonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006193 diazotization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N diiodomethane Chemical compound ICI NZZFYRREKKOMAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126534 drug product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-aminobutyric acid Chemical compound NCCCC(O)=O BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000042 hydrogen bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005649 metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanediyl Chemical group [CH2] HZVOZRGWRWCICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEYWPRODWLOEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylmethanamine;pyridine Chemical compound CNC.C1=CC=NC=C1 AEYWPRODWLOEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ninhydrin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(O)(O)C(=O)C2=C1 FEMOMIGRRWSMCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010502 orange oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001557 phthalyl group Chemical group C(=O)(O)C1=C(C(=O)*)C=CC=C1 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004237 preparative chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000425 proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229950000477 triflutate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D255/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D249/00 - C07D253/00
- C07D255/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D249/00 - C07D253/00 not condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D259/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having more than four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
- C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D487/08—Bridged systems
-
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新的制备选择性的单-N-烷基化对称多氮杂大环的方法,它要求亲电子试剂与1到3当量的适宜大环在非促进质子传递的溶剂中进行反应。
Description
本发明涉及制备单-N-烷基化的多氮杂大环的方法。
T.A.Kaden在Top.Curr.Chem.121,157-75(1984)表明采用亲电子试剂和多氮杂大环来生产单-N-功能的多氮杂大环的简单烷基化的技术,结果所产生的单、双和三烷基化产物的混合物很难进行分离和提纯。为了克服此问题,M.Studer等人在Helv.Chim.Acta.69,2081-86(1986)和E.Kimura等人在J.Chem.Soc.Chem.Commun:1158-59(1986)采用大量过量的大环,如5-10当量于亲电子试剂的量。此外,M.Studer等人在上述文章上表明采碱助剂与大量过量的大环来制备单-N-烷基化产物的方法。这些方法都存在着要从大量过量的起始物料和无机盐来提纯所期望的单-N-烷基化产物是一个严重的问题。还有,采用大量过量的昂贵试剂也是使人却步的。
由F.Wagner等人在无机化学15,408(1976)所进行的其他单-N-烷基化的尝试,包括用强碱对多氮杂大环的过渡金属络合物进行选择性脱质子化然后再用二碘甲烷进行烷基化作用。此化合物的进一步合成操作还必须除去金属和进行提纯这些都是十分麻烦的。
其他的提供单-N-官能多氮杂大环的合成路线,包括冗长的保护、官能化作用、去保护过程,这些都是各有特殊要求并不是一般的方法。例如,参阅P.S.Pallavincini等人在美国化学会志109,5139-44(1987)和EP-0232751
(1984)的发表内容。
鉴于现有技术对烷基化技术的上述这些限制。最好是采用一种直接烷基化方法,此法并不依靠采用过量的大环和碱助剂,而又能选择性地制备所期望的单-N-烷基化产物。
令人意想不到的是,本发明提供一种选择性地制备单-N-烷基化产物而无需采用大量过量的大环和碱助剂的方法。本发明是直接制备单-N-烷基化多氮杂大环的新方法,它包括将亲电子试剂与1到5当量的多氮杂环在无促进质子转移的溶剂中进行反应。此方法对于所期望的单-N-烷基化产物比双、三、四或更高的N-烷基化产物有较大的选择性。
本发明涉及适宜的亲电子试剂(E)和没有碱的多氮杂大环(M)在一种相对非极性,最好是相对的非质子传透溶剂中进行反应。E对M的比率约1当量的E对5当量的M,较好是1当量的E对约3当量的M,更好是1当量的E对2当量的M,最好是1当量的E对1当量的M。
本发明的方法是一种十分普通的方法,能与不同的多氮杂大环和亲电子试剂选择性地制备单-N-烷基化产物。稍为过量的多氮杂大环是可取的以保证亲电子试剂转化完全,但是,当采用有大量过量的多氮杂大环时,唯一不同的是在离析的产率只有很小的差别。
在本发明中采用的多氮杂大环必须至少含有二个氮原子,但是,此多氮杂大环也可含有其他杂原子如氧原子(多氧杂氮杂大环)或硫原子(多硫杂氮杂大环),在多氮杂大环中也包括任何对称的环,如多氮杂大环、氮杂氧杂大环,或双环多氮杂大环(即桥连部份或稠环,但单-N-烷基化反应只发生在饱和环的氮原子上),它带有能进行单-N-
烷基化的仲胺。此种仲胺最好都是化学等价的。大环最好是具有一个对称面和杂原子的总数(O.S.N)应是整数。最后大环也含有亚甲基部份、(-CH2-)n,其中n是2-4,是作为杂原子间的间隔物。术语“多氮杂大环”是指那些具有杂环的,如1,4-二氮杂环己烷、1,3,7-三氮杂环壬烷、1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷、1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷、1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂环十五烷、1,4,7,10,13,16-六氮杂环十八烷、1,7,13-三氮杂-4,10,16-三氧杂环十八烷、1,7-二氮杂-4,11-二硫杂环十二烷和类似物。
在本方法中所采用的亲电子试剂(RX)是一种能从多氮杂大环中的一个氮原子中接受电子对的物质。由亲电子试剂和多氮杂大环之间的反应产生共价键,和导致选择性单-N-烷基化。式中RX的R是一个产生所期望的单-N-烷基产物的部份,特别是任何烷基、烷芳基或烷基杂芳基功能团。R的一些例子是C1-C4烷基、氰基、吡啶基、CO2R1或CON(R1)2,式中R1是H、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷芳基,其中芳基部份可以是具有碳、硫、氮或氧原子的5或6元环。X是任何离析基团。此离析基团在本领域中是已知的,例如氯基、溴基、碘基、醋酸酯、三氟醋酸酯、三氟酯(Triflate)、甲磺酰基酯、重氮基、对溴苯磺酸酯和其它类似的已知基团。一些适宜的亲电子试剂是,例如d,l-2-溴-4-N-邻苯二酰胺丁酸异丙酯、d,l-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸异丙酯、d,l-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸甲酯、4-硝基肉桂酰溴、4-硝基苯基乙基溴、4-硝基苄基溴、苄基溴和其他类似已知基团。
试剂的浓度对于本发明方法是没有严格限制,但从经济观点和合理的反应时间来说,本方法最好在非稀释条件下进行,例如每种试剂为1×10-3M到2M。在这种浓度时,进行的单-N-烷基化能以意想不到的高选择性提供好至极好产率的所期望的产物。与双、三和/或四-N-烷基化产物相比,单-N-烷基化的多氮杂大环的选择最少为40%、较好为50到98%。
本方法所用的是一种不促进质子传递的溶剂。合适的溶剂是一种相对为非极性,相对非质子传
的溶剂,例如氯仿(CHCl3)、四氯化碳(CCl4)、二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)、四氢呋喃、1,4-二恶烷和乙腈,或者一种相对为非极性,相对为非质子传递的烃类溶剂,例如,苯、环己烷、正-己烷和甲苯,或者是一种相对为非极性、非质子传递的醇类,例如,正-丁醇、叔-丁醇、异丙醇、正-己醇等类似物。较好的溶剂是相对非极性。相对非质子传递溶剂,特别好的是氯仿。术语“相对非质子传递”是指在此工艺条件下此溶剂不会给出质子到此反应中去。术语“相对非极性”是指此溶剂具有相对较低的偶极矩,从阅上面所示的适宜溶剂的例子即可看出。
使用的温度范围从-78到100℃,较好为从-25到40℃,更好为从0到25℃。至于反应时间,在温度为0到25℃时是10到24小时。反应时间是与温度成反比的,但是温度较低有利于所期望单-N-烷基化产物的选择性。
在置换反应的条件下,不加入碱有助于防止手性亲电子试剂的差向异构表异构化。因此,本方法可制备光活性的单-N-烷基化加成物。所制备的产物具有与起始的亲电子试剂相反的光活性。例如,制备的单-N-烷基化多氮杂大环产物具有与光活性的α-卤
酸酯相反的光学构型。
本发明并不要求有碱助剂存在。不过也可以用痕量的碱。本工艺是在基本上没有无机碱助剂,例如,氢氧化钠、氢氧化锂、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾等类似物存在下进行的,或是在基本上没有机碱助剂,例如三乙胺、三甲胺、吡啶、4-N,N-二乙胺吡啶、重氮双环十二烷、重氮双环壬烷及其类似物存在下进行的。
此外,不加入强碱和在低温下,可将其他潜在官能团加入多氮杂大环的外部,例如,酯和邻苯二酰胺官能团在本工艺的温和条件下都是容许的。一种现有技术的方法〔M.Studer等人在Helv.Chim.Acta.69,2081-86(1986)〕是在极性非质传递溶剂中,例如含水乙醇或甲醇中使用氢氧化锂,可以水解这些基团。
本工艺已用来制备对于辐射药品的双功能络合剂分子来说是有价值的合成前体〔参阅S.Baughman等人在沙特阿拉伯专利3277A的例子,发表于1989年10月10日和W.J.Kru per等人在EP-296,522,发表于1989年12月28日〕,是采用五步合成这些化合物,其中本方法的单-N-烷基化步骤是极为关键的,它是优于由M.K.Moi等人在美国化学会志110,6266-27(1988)所发表的9个步骤来制备其他药物产物。
本发明的单-N-烷基化工艺取决于可利用的亲电子试剂。对于取代α-囟酸酯来说,可将市场买到的酸进行溴化和在反应锅中采用N-溴琥珀酰亚胺分二步来转化成酯〔参阅D.N.Harpp等人的有机化学杂志,40、3420-27(1975)〕。这种离子溴化工序比标准的Hellvollard-Zelinski工艺好并容许即使含有活性
苄基的唯一的链烷酸进行α-卤化作用。光活性的α-卤酸,可使用最近先进的重氮化化学方法从相应的氨基酸很快的制得〔参阅B.Koppenhoefer等人的“有机合成”,Vol.66,Ed.C.Heathcock,pub.Willey-Interscience,N.Y.,PP,151-57(1988)〕。在本发明采用的其他亲电子试剂可用现有技术已知的工序来制备或从市场购买。
多氮杂大环例如1,4,7,11-四氮杂环十二烷和类似的穴状配体配位体可通过采用在多步骤工序中的模板效应的已知文献的方法来制备,例如,参阅T.S.Adkins等人在“美国化学会志,”96,2268-70(1974)和T.J.Adkins等人的“有机合成”28,86-97(1978)的文章。由于这种通用方法的出现,大量这些对称的大环,现在可在市场买到。
下面例子将对本发明作进一步说明,它们仅仅是为了用来举例说明本发明的应用。
一般实验
下面的例子所使用设备如下:
质谱仪是Finnigan的TSQ质谱仪或VG ZAB-MS的高分辨质谱仪;
1H和13C NMR光谱用Varian VXR-300的光谱仪得到的;以及
IR是用Nicolet SSX FT/IR的仪器记录。
在下面的例子中,所有溶剂是用费歇尔HPLC级的原料。有机化合物的所有的制备色谱都是采用W.C.Still等人的快速色谱仪的技术,〔“有机化学杂志”43,2923-2925(1978)〕并应用如下的溶剂体系:
溶剂体系1-CHCl3∶CH3OH∶Conc.NH4OH
2∶2∶1(V∶V∶V);
溶剂体系2-CHCl3∶CH3OH∶Conc.NH4OH
12∶4∶1(V∶V∶V);和
溶剂体系3-CHCl3∶CH3OH∶Conc.NH4OH
16∶4∶1(V∶V∶V)。
Rf值是采用这些溶剂体系和可从市场买到的硅板来记录的。
1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷和1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂环十五烷可从Parrish化学公司购买。
1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷可从Aldrich化学公司购买。
下面是用于实施例中的术语的定义:
Conc.-是指浓的;
dec.-是指分解;和
%-是指百分数。
亲电子试剂的制备:
例A:d,l-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸甲酯的制备:
在一个有5毫升的四氯化碳和15毫升的亚硫酰氯所组成的溶液中于氮气下加入10.46克(0.05摩尔)4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸。将此溶液迴流一小时并开始释放出氯化氢和二氧化硫,释放气体后将11.0克(0.06摩尔)N-溴-琥珀酰亚胺(溶于25毫升的四氯化碳中)和3滴(48%)液体溴化氢作为催化剂加入此热溶液中,此时有溴放出。将此深红色溶液再迴流15分钟,冷却并倒入在搅拌下的100毫升甲醇中。TLC(60∶40的醋酸乙酯∶正-己烷)
指示出产物的特征为Rf=0.69。除去过量的溶剂并将此深红色油通过一个1英寸×6英寸(2.5厘米×15.2厘米)的快速硅胶板进行过滤,采用二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂。蒸发此溶剂得出14.5克无色油,它是具有标题产物∶起始反应物的甲酯为85∶15的混合物,其特征如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):
δ8.16(d)、7.38(d)、4.20(dd)、3.79(s)、2.88(m);
13C NMR(CDCl3):
δ169.6、147.5、129.123.7、53.0、44.4、35.5、33.0。
例B.d,l-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸异丙酯的制备
将粗酸氯化物用异丙醇骤冷和用色谱法提纯后制得标题的酯是一种产率为50%的透明油。产物(Rf=0.73,二氯甲烷)未有任何未溴化的酯,进一步的特性如下:
1H NMR(CDCl3):
δ8.16(d)、7.38(d)、5.05(七重峰)、4.14(dd)、2.88(m)、2.39(m)、1.29(d);
13C NMR(CDCl3):
δ168.7、147.7、129.3、123.8、69.9、45.1、35.6、33.0、21.5、21.2。
例C.反式-对-硝基肉桂酰溴的制备
在35毫升无水乙腈中于氮气下加入7.3克(27.9毫摩尔)三苯膦。向此溶液中,在15分钟以上的时间内,滴入4.31克溴(27.0毫摩尔)并同时冷却此反应混合物以保持其温度在0-10℃之间。将此溶液加热到室温(约22-25℃)并加入5.0克(27.9毫摩尔)对-硝基肉桂酰醇(Pfaultz & Bauer化学公司产品)(溶于50毫升乙腈中形成浆料),由于是放热反应,温度约为45℃。将得到的深红色溶液,在搅拌下于60℃下加热一小时然后倒入500毫升的乙醚中。在静置过夜(约16小时)后从溶液中有三苯膦氧化物沉淀。将此溶液过滤并将15克快速硅胶加入此溶液,随后除去溶剂。结果将所得的粉末基料放于3英寸×8英寸(7.6厘米×20.3厘米)的快速柱中并用己烷洗脱此期望的产物,随后再用20%醋酸乙酯(于己烷中)洗脱就可得5.8克(23.9毫摩尔)的所期望的纯反式产物,产率为86%(MP=75-76℃,Rf=0.81,60∶40醋酸乙酯∶正-己烷),进一步特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ8.17(d),7.51(d),6.70(dd),6.56(dt),4.16(dd);
13C NMR(CDCl3)
δ147.3,142.1,132.0,129.8,127.2123.9,31.8。
例D.d,l-2-溴-4-(N-邻苯二酰胺)丁酸异丙酯的制备
在一个带有收集器和水冷却器的烧瓶中放入14.8克(100毫摩尔)邻苯二甲酸酐、10.3克(100毫摩尔)y-氨基丁酸
(Aldrich化学公司产品)、1.3毫升三乙胺和150毫升甲苯。迴流此混合物并在1.5小时以上以共沸除去1.75毫升水。将此溶液进行冷却并静置过夜(约16小时)。将形成的白色结晶过滤和用己烷洗涤并干燥。然后将此粗晶体用250毫升5%液体氯化氢和100毫升冷水洗涤,干燥后得到19.0克(81.5毫摩尔)4-(N-邻苯二酰胺)丁酸,产率为82%(MP=114.5-115.5℃,在30%甲醇的水溶液中再结晶)进一步的特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ7.84(dd),7.72(dd),6.05(bs),3.77(t),2.42(t),2.02(P);
13C NMR(CDCl3)
δ177.9,169.4,134.0,123.3,37.1,31.2,23.6。
上述所制备的4-(N-邻苯二酰胺)丁酸用例A和例B的步骤进行反应,而得的白色固体标题的酯,其产率为68%(MP=72-74.5℃,Rf=0.38,氯仿),用快速硅胶色谱仪和采用氯仿作洗脱剂,其进一步特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ7.85(dd),7.73(dd),5.04(七重峰),4.23(dd),3.85(dt),2.51(m),2.36(m),1.29(d),1.26(d)。
本发明的方法
例1,1,4,7,10-四氮杂-1-〔(4-硝基苯基)甲基〕环十二烷的制备
没有加入碱,将3.5克(20.3毫摩尔)1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷和1.7克(7.87毫摩尔)对-硝基苄基溴在50毫升氯仿中,在25℃,在氮气中,搅拌24小时,然后将溴化氢盐的氯仿料浆放在1英寸×17英寸(2.5厘米×43.2厘米)的快速硅胶柱上(溶剂体系3)。得到浅黄色固体的产物2.13克(6.93毫摩尔)(MP=128-29℃,Rf=0.58溶剂体系3),产率为88%,进一步特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ8.18(d),7.49(d),3.69(s),2.82(t),2.70(t),2.59(m);
13C NMR(CDCl3)
δ147.2,128.4,123.8,58.8,51.7,47.1,46.3,45.1。
例2 1,4,7,10-四氮杂-1-〔2-(4-硝基苯基)乙基〕环十二烷的制备
在搅拌下向3.5克(20.3毫摩尔)1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷在50毫升的用戊烯稳定的氯仿溶液中,在5分钟以上在强搅拌和在氮气中滴入4.0克(17.4毫摩尔)1-溴-2-(4-硝基苯基)乙烷(Aldrich化学公司出产)。在25℃下续续搅拌过夜,于是从溶液中有结晶的胺基溴化氢沉淀出来。将烧瓶内物质置于1英寸×18英寸(2.5厘米×45.7厘米)的预先用5%甲醇(于氯仿中)洗脱的快速硅胶柱上和用200毫升此溶液作为洗脱剂,接着用溶剂体系3进行洗脱。将对一硝基苯乙烯(1.45克,9.7毫摩尔Rf=0.98,溶剂体系2)完全与2.27
克(7.06毫摩尔)所期望的桔黄色油产品,(产率为40.6%)分离,此产物在静置时即固化(Rf=0.73,溶剂体系2)。将此样品从氯仿/环己烷中重结晶(MP=146.5-148.5℃(dec)〕,进一步特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ8.14(d),7.40(d),2.91(t),2.77(t),2.72(t),2.50(t),2.60(s);
13C NMR(CDCl3)
δ148.5,129.6,123.4,55.5,51.4,46.9,45.9,45.1,33.7。
例3 1,4,7,10-四氮杂-1-〔1-甲酯基-3-(4-硝基苯基)丙基〕环十二烷的制备。
向1.72克(10.0毫摩尔)1,4,7,10-四多杂环十二烷在17毫升的用戊烯稳定的氯仿溶液中,在搅拌下,在氮气中,在5分钟以上的时间内加入2.07克(5.82毫摩尔)粗d,l-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸甲酯(由例A程序制备的)。反应混合物在25℃下搅拌48小时和用TLC(溶剂体系2)指示出转化为所期望的单烷基化产物(Rf=0.73,茚三酮、碘和紫外线活性)。将黄色氯仿溶液置于1英寸×16英寸(2.5厘米×40.6厘米)的快速硅胶柱上,此柱预先用5%甲醇的氯仿洗脱,接着用250毫升的预洗脱溶剂体系进行洗脱,然后用溶剂体系2洗脱。将含有所期望的产物的部分合并和蒸发后制得2.15克(5.46毫摩尔)所期望的产物(MP=156-159℃),用氯仿乙醚重结晶),产率为94%。进一步特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ8.14(d),7.39(d),3.71(s),3.39(dd),2.5-3.0(m),2.08(m),2.01(m);
13C NMR(CDCl3)
δ172.7,149.3,146.4,129.2,123.6,62.3,51.2,48.9,47.2,45.8,45.4,32.8,30.9,
例4 1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂-1-〔1-异丙酯-3-(4-硝基苯基)丙基〕-环十五烷的制备
用硅胶色谱进行提纯得到所期望的产物为淡黄色油,产率为77%(Rf=0.82,溶剂体系2),进一步特性是:
1H NMR(CDCl3)
δ8.14(d),7.49(d),5.09(七重峰),4.86(s),3.38(dd,s),2.5-3.0(m),2.30(m),2.11(m),1.29(d);
13C NMR(CDCl3)
δ171.9,149.1,146.5,129.5,123.6 68.7,61.9,49.5,46.8,46.7,45.5,45.3,32.9,32.1,22.1,22.0;
IR(CDCl3)Cm-1
3450,2860,1735,1350,915。
例5
对-硝基苄基溴(Aldrich化学公司出产)与1,4,7,10-四氮环十二烷的单-N-烷基化反应产物。
例6 采用本发明的工艺制备各种单-N-烷基多氮杂大环
在下面表Ⅱ中,各种亲电子试剂与多氮杂大环进行反应得出的所期望的产物的选择性高于40%(用离析产率的百分数(%)来表示)。本方法是采用当量进行反应,溶剂列于表Ⅱ并按例1-4程序进行。下面表Ⅲ是表明按表Ⅱ的反应而制得的所期望的单-N-烷基多氮杂大环的结构。
本发明的其他例子对于本领域的技术人员可从本发明所述的实例和说明中是显而易见地得知的。这仅仅是对实例的说明,而本发明的真正范围和构思可从下面的权利要求中加以说明。
通过阅读本发明的说明书或其中所公开的本发明的实践,本发明的其他实施例,对于本领域的技术人员,将是十分清楚的。本发明的说明书和实施例仅用来进行说明。下面的权利要求书指出了本发明的真正范围和精神。
Claims (11)
1、一种制备单-N-烷基化的对称多氮杂大环的方法,其特征在于,此法包括将一种亲电子试剂与一种1至3当量的对称多氮杂大环在不促进质子传递的溶剂中进行反应,其中反应温度为0至25℃,该亲电子试剂是RX,其中R是C1-C4烷基、氰基、吡啶基、硝基肉桂基、硝基苯基甲基、硝基苯基乙基、CO2R′或CON(R′)2式中R′是H、C1-C4烷基、C1-C4烷芳基,其中芳基部分可以是具有碳、硫、氮或氧原子的5或6元环,X是氯基、溴基、碘基、三氟醋酸根、三氟甲磺酸根(Triflate)、甲磺酰根、重氮基或对-溴苯磺酸根。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其中的溶剂是一种非极性、非质子传递的溶剂。
3、根据权利要求2的方法,其中的溶剂是氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、1,4-二恶烷或乙腈。
4、根据权利要求2或3的方法,其中的溶剂是氯仿。
5、根据权利要求1的方法,其中的溶剂是非极性、非质子传递醇类。
6、根据权利要求5的方法,其中的溶剂是正-丁醇、叔-丁醇、异丙醇或正-己醇。
7、根据权利要求1的方法,其中的多氮杂大环具有在杂原子间含有2-4个碳原子的亚甲基部分。
8、根据权利要求7的方法,其中的多氮杂大环是1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷、1,4,8,11-四氮杂环十四烷和1,4,7,10,13-五氮杂环十五烷。
9、根据权利要求1的方法,其中的亲电子试剂是d,1-2-溴-4-N-邻苯二酰胺丁酸异丙酯、d,1-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸异丙酯、d,1-2-溴-4-(4-硝基苯基)丁酸甲酯、4-硝基肉桂酰溴、4-硝基苯乙基溴、4-硝基苄基溴或苄基溴。
10、根据权利要求1的方法,其中相对于亲电子试剂是采用1至2当量的多氮杂大环。
11、根据权利要求1的方法,其中相对于亲电子试剂是采用1当量的多氮杂大环。
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| US5316757A (en) * | 1984-10-18 | 1994-05-31 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Synthesis of polyazamacrocycles with more than one type of side-chain chelating groups |
| FR2654102B1 (fr) * | 1989-11-09 | 1992-01-10 | Air Liquide | Procede de synthese de derives polyazotes cycliques. |
| FR2672051B1 (fr) * | 1991-01-24 | 1993-05-21 | Guerbet Sa | Nouveaux ligands macrocycliques azotes, procede de preparation, complexes polymetalliques, composition de diagnostic et therapeutique. |
| CA2072934C (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 2007-08-28 | Karl William Aston | Manganese complexes of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands effective as catalysts for dismutating superoxide |
| US5410043A (en) * | 1991-12-06 | 1995-04-25 | Schering Aktiengesellschaft | Process for the production of mono-N-substituted tetraaza macrocycles |
| DE4218744C2 (de) * | 1992-06-04 | 1997-11-06 | Schering Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von N-ß-Hxdroxyalkyl-tri-N-carboxylalkyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan- und N-ß-Hydroxyalkyl-tri-N-carboxyalkyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-Derivaten und deren Metallkomplexe |
| EP0588229A3 (en) * | 1992-09-12 | 1994-06-15 | Hoechst Ag | Macrocyclic chelating agents for the preparation of technetium or rhenium complexes |
| US6204259B1 (en) | 1993-01-14 | 2001-03-20 | Monsanto Company | Manganese complexes of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands effective as catalysts for dismutating superoxide |
| GB9504910D0 (en) * | 1995-03-10 | 1995-04-26 | Nycomed Imaging As | Compounds |
| US5612478A (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 1997-03-18 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process for preparing 1,1'-[1,4-phenylenebis-(methylene)]-bis-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane |
| US5606053A (en) * | 1995-05-02 | 1997-02-25 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process for preparing 1,1'-[1,4-phenylenebis-(methylene)]-bis-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane |
| US6525041B1 (en) | 1995-06-06 | 2003-02-25 | Pharmacia Corporation | Manganese or iron complexes of nitrogen-containing macrocyclic ligands effective as catalysts for dismutating superoxide |
| US5608061A (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-03-04 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Process for preparing 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane |
| BR9610241A (pt) | 1995-08-17 | 1999-06-29 | Monsanto Co | Processos para análise de imagem de diagnóstico utilizando bioconjgados de complexos de metal de ligandos macrocíclicos contendo nitrogênio |
| BR112013000236B1 (pt) * | 2010-07-06 | 2018-11-13 | Catexel Limited | método de produzir um composto, e, sal protonado |
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| DE3772785D1 (de) * | 1986-01-23 | 1991-10-17 | Squibb & Sons Inc | 1-substituiertes-4,7,10-triscarboxymethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan und analoga. |
| JPS6314780A (ja) * | 1986-07-08 | 1988-01-21 | Tosoh Corp | クラウンエ−テル連結大環状ポリアミン類およびその製造法 |
| FR2613718B1 (fr) * | 1987-04-10 | 1990-12-14 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Tetramines cycliques monofonctionnalisees, leur procede de preparation, leurs polymeres et utilisation de ces polymeres |
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