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CN102802916B - 用于制造塑料制品的方法以及吹塑模具 - Google Patents

用于制造塑料制品的方法以及吹塑模具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102802916B
CN102802916B CN201080028009.3A CN201080028009A CN102802916B CN 102802916 B CN102802916 B CN 102802916B CN 201080028009 A CN201080028009 A CN 201080028009A CN 102802916 B CN102802916 B CN 102802916B
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Prior art keywords
mold
blow mold
preform
blow
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CN102802916A (zh
Inventor
V·海姆
A·利希特瑙尔
J·莫伊茨海姆
S·瓦尔布勒尔
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Kautex Maschinenbau GmbH
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Kautex Maschinenbau GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/18Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor using several blowing steps
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/28Blow-moulding apparatus
    • B29C49/30Blow-moulding apparatus having movable moulds or mould parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48Moulds
    • B29C49/4802Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48Moulds
    • B29C49/4802Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity
    • B29C49/4817Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity with means for closing off parison ends
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29DPRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D22/00Producing hollow articles
    • B29D22/003Containers for packaging, storing or transporting, e.g. bottles, jars, cans, barrels, tanks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C2049/2008Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements inside the article
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/20Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor of articles having inserts or reinforcements ; Handling of inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C2049/2073Means for feeding the inserts into the mould, preform or parison, e.g. grippers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48Moulds
    • B29C49/4802Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity
    • B29C2049/4807Moulds with means for locally compressing part(s) of the parison in the main blowing cavity by movable mould parts in the mould halves
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/48Moulds
    • B29C49/4823Moulds with incorporated heating or cooling means
    • B29C2049/4838Moulds with incorporated heating or cooling means for heating moulds or mould parts
    • B29C2049/4846Moulds with incorporated heating or cooling means for heating moulds or mould parts in different areas of the mould at different temperatures, e.g. neck, shoulder or bottom
    • B29C2049/4851Side walls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/58Blowing means
    • B29C49/60Blow-needles
    • B29C2049/6091Avoiding needle marks, e.g. insertion in sprue
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/62Venting means
    • B29C2049/622Venting means for venting air between preform and cavity, e.g. using venting holes, gaps or patterned moulds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0063Cutting longitudinally
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0081Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation before shaping
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0017Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0022Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04Extrusion blow-moulding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B29C49/04Extrusion blow-moulding
    • B29C49/04118Means for supporting the extruded parison
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4205Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
    • B29C49/42065Means specially adapted for transporting preforms
    • B29C49/42067Extruded preforms, e.g. providing means for avoiding deformation of the soft preform
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4242Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C49/4242Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation
    • B29C49/42421Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould
    • B29C49/42422Means for deforming the parison prior to the blowing operation before laying into the mould by the preform transporting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/42Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/712Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
    • B29L2031/7172Fuel tanks, jerry cans

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于制造塑料制品的方法以及一种用于实施该方法的吹塑模具。该方法包括:挤出大致管形的预成型件(2);在挤压头内部分开熔体流或者分离从挤压头输出或已输出的挤出物,从而获得具有大致C形横截面的预成型件;在使用压差的情况下在多件式吹塑模具(8)内将所述预成型件成型为空心体,其中,首先在部分闭合的吹塑模具中使所述预成型件扩张和部分地预成型,在进一步的步骤中,在未完全闭合的吹塑模具的各部分之间并通过所述预成型件的敞开侧,将至少一个嵌件(18)置入到部分预成型的制品的内部,并且在进一步的步骤中,将所述吹塑模具完全闭合,其中在形成至少一个至少部分环绕的挤压缝的情况下使制品完全成型。

Description

用于制造塑料制品的方法以及吹塑模具
背景技术
特别是在通过挤出吹塑制造大型塑料容器时,经常期望将嵌件置入到要完工的容器中。例如,用于机动车的由热塑性塑料制成的燃料容器经常设有功能性装入件或嵌件,该装入件或嵌件在制造该容器之后通过一个或多个设置在该容器中的修正开口手动地置入,或者在成型该容器期间通过挤出吹塑一同封装(umblasen)。为此已知的是,将待置入到容器中的嵌件放置在芯轴(Dorn)/支座上并这样设置在吹塑模具的打开的半体之间,使得经由吹塑模具挤出的由热塑性材料制成的预成型管挤出在支座上和设置在该支座上的构件上。在此,该管在功能性构件支座和功能性构件上翻卷。然后,吹塑模具的模具半体围绕支座和设置在该支座上的功能性构件闭合。在此,功能性构件支座可与后面的容器的壁焊接。在进一步的工序中,管形的预成型件在吹塑模具内被扩张。这种方法例如由DE 60218237T2已知。此外,已知的根据瓶中造船原理对嵌件的封装还应用于待置入到容器中的嵌件大于待设置在容器中的修正开口的情况。 
特别是在燃料容器由热塑性塑料制成的情况下存在如下问题:为此使用的塑料(通常为HDPE)对于烃而言是非抗扩散的。因此,现代的由热塑性塑料制成的燃料容器由具有用于烃的屏障层的共同挤出物制造。由此可以在最大程度上确保燃料容器的系统的密封性,然而其中屏障层通过容器壁中待事后安置的开口而损坏/中断,从而在容器壁中的环状切口(Auskreisung)和/或维护开口的区域中形成挥发性烃的潜在泄漏位置。 
因此,最近所有努力都致力于在制造燃料容器期间已尽可能将所有嵌件置入到该燃料容器中,以保持在容器壁中所需开口的数量尽可能少。 
尽管所谓的嵌件的封装解决了关于容器壁中所需开口的尺寸的问题,但在一些情况下一些嵌件(例如阀或类似物)的固定需要以刺穿或穿透的方式损坏容器壁,从而所需开口的数量由此不会显著减少。 
因此在EP 1110697B1中建议一种方法,其中从挤压头输出的具有闭合横截面的挤出物在两个直径对置的侧面上分离,从而获得两个带形的预成型件,这些预成型件借助于一个引导方向引导,并在其成形之前距彼此保持一定间距,同时人们将用于要被接纳在后面的容器中的附件插入到这两个预成型件之间。 
该方法特别是在提供用于处理嵌件的空间方面相对有利,但需要用于引导仍然具有热塑性的幅面形或带形的挤出物的高的器械费用。此外,该方法的使用限于挤压头相对于吹塑模具在空间上固定的设置结构。 
由JP 560511333A已知根据权利要求1前序部分的用于制造塑料制品的方法。一种类似的方法例如由JP 11254511A已知。 
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供根据权利要求1前序部分的方法,其允许在不提高设备费用的情况下将嵌件置入到塑料制品中,并且该方法不限于挤压头相对于吹塑模具在空间上固定的设置结构。 
该目的通过权利要求1的特征实现,根据本发明的方法的有利实施方案由从属权利要求给出。 
按照本发明的吹塑模具应理解为包括分别具有型腔的至少两个吹模半体的模具,所述型腔在完全闭合的状态下形成用于待成型制品的模腔。各吹模半体可分别设置在模具夹紧板上,并且单件式或多件式地构造。所述吹模半体可以以已知方式和方法具有用于使底切(Hinterschneidungen)或类似物脱模的滑块。在本发明的范围内,吹塑模具也可具有多于两个可相对彼此移动的模具部分,其中为了简单起见在下文中使用术语“吹模半体”。 
根据本发明的方法特别是具有如下优点:预成型件已在第一步骤 中在未完全闭合的吹塑模具中实现几乎完全地(部分地)成型。通过使管在一侧打开(开缝),可以在未完全闭合的吹模半体之间借助于操纵器将一个或多个装入件或嵌件置入到待完成的容器的内部,并例如通过与仍然具有热塑性的容器壁焊接而固定在那里。 
根据本发明的方法,在第一次加热中即在不再另外加热的情况下提供挤出物的变型和成型,在此不排除的是,待置入的嵌件和/或容器壁在嵌件与容器壁的焊接区域中被部分地加热以改善焊接连接。 
利用吹塑模具的滑块/模具间隔件(Formvoreiler:模具超前件),预成型件首先夹紧在模具间隔件之间,同时形成预腔(Vorkammer)。然后,预成型件贴靠到吹塑模具的型腔上,其中该预成型件的外形在本方法的该阶段还不对应于制品的最终外形。 
在根据本发明的方法的符合目的的实施方案中如下设定:所述吹塑模具的闭合运动分两个阶段执行,其中在该闭合运动的第一阶段中,至少一个、优选两个可伸出和缩回的、相应地框住所述吹塑模具的型腔的、作为模具间隔件的滑块将所述预成型件夹紧在所述滑块之间,同时形成至少一个开口。 
符合目的的是,在所述闭合运动的第一阶段与第二阶段之间,将所述预成型件扩张到所述吹模半体中并且置入所述嵌件。 
尽管在下文中讨论一个嵌件,但本发明应被理解为显然可以将多 个嵌件置入到制品中。 
通过预成型管的侧向开口并通过在吹模半体之间的开口,还可在待完成的制品内部执行其他操纵。 
根据本发明的方法可与燃料容器的制造相关,然而本发明应被理解为,任何塑料空心体可利用本发明的方法制造。 
在该方法的变型方案中如下设定:所述预成型件借助于吹制空气扩张,其中至少一个吹制芯轴(Blasdorn)置入到由所述模具间隔件形成的开口中。 
代替一个开口,也可设置多个开口,所述多个开口分别也可用于容纳一个吹制芯轴。 
符合目的的是,所述嵌件的置入通过由所述模具间隔件形成的开口进行。 
在根据本发明的方法的优选变型方案中,所述预成型件借助于夹具从所述挤压头被取下,并移送到所述吹塑模具的打开的半体之间。 
在此,所述预成型件例如可在置入到所述打开的吹模半体之间之前或期间沿周向扩张或部分地拉伸。为此设置的夹具例如描述在本申请人的受让人的DE 10205524中,在此也出于公开的目的对其全部内容进行参考。符合目的的是可如下设定:将预成型件固定保持在相应地远离彼此的各端部并使该预成型件沿周向扩张或拉伸。 
预成型件的扩张仅仅以如所需的程度执行,以利用模具间隔件和/或吹塑模具的挤压棱边来形成预成型管的搭接。 
特别符合目的的是,所述嵌件借助于优选多轴式的操纵器置入到部分地成型出的预成型件中。 
在根据本发明的方法的符合目的的变型方案中如下设定:在将一个或多个嵌件置入到部分地成型出的预成型件中之后,重新将吹制芯轴置入到由所述模具间隔件形成的开口中,并且重新用吹制空气对所述预成型件加载,以去除特别是在吹塑模具的挤压棱边与模具间隔件之间的区域中的可能存在的折皱。 
然后,吹塑模具可朝彼此闭合,并且塑料制品可完成吹塑。 
本发明所基于的目的还通过用于制造塑料制品的、特别是用于执行前述方法的吹塑模具实现,其中,该吹塑模具包括至少两个形成一模腔的吹模半体,所述吹模半体执行相对彼此的打开和闭合运动,其中至少一个吹模半体、优选两个吹模半体设有至少一个框住相应型腔的滑块作为模具间隔件,所述模具间隔件设有至少一个凹槽,用于形成用于容纳吹制芯轴和/或用于供操纵器穿过的开口。 
在根据本发明的吹塑模具的符合目的的实施方案中如下设定:该吹塑模具包括至少一个吹制芯轴,该吹制芯轴具有环绕的密封颈圈,该密封颈圈在预成型件扩张时能够密封地与移动到止挡上的模具间隔件贴靠。 
符合目的的是,所述模具间隔件被构造为能够例如液压地从所述吹模半体的分模面伸出和缩回。 
为了避免过多的料头(Butzen)(溢料),有利的是,所述模具间隔件与型腔的轮廓相匹配。在此,模具间隔件不必一定分别由单个滑块区段组成,而是其也可由多个彼此并排地设置在吹模半体的分模面中的滑块区段组成。 
优选地,至少一个模具间隔件可调温地、特别是可加热地构造,从而预成型件的材料塑性地保持在由模具间隔件形成的框架内部。 
在根据本发明的吹塑模具的另一符合目的的实施方案中可如下设定:至少一个模具间隔件设有用于固定所述预成型件的可被加载负压的抽吸开口。预成型件可在该区域中借助于施加到模具间隔件上的真空保持到模具间隔件上。符合目的的是,抽吸开口或真空孔彼此间隔一定间距地在模具间隔件的整个周边上设置在其面向型腔的内侧上。 
附图说明
下文中借助在附图中示出的实施例阐释本发明。在附图中: 
图1示出挤压头的一部分的透视图,包括从其输出的预成型件; 
图2示出沿图1的线II-II截取的剖面图; 
图3示出根据本发明的用于吹制塑料制品的装置的透视图,其还 显示根据本发明的方法的过程; 
图4a示出图3中的吹塑模具和定位在吹模半体之间的预成型件的剖视图; 
图4b示出沿图4a中所示箭头的方向的俯视图; 
图5a示出在预成型件扩张之前具有闭合的吹模半体的吹塑模具的局部剖面; 
图5b示出沿图5a的线B-B截取的剖面; 
图5c示出沿图5a的线C-C截取的剖面; 
图5d示出具有插入的吹制芯轴的对应于图5c的视图; 
图5e示出对应于图5d的视图,其显示嵌件置入到部分成型出的制品中; 
图6a示出具有缩回的模具间隔件的打开的吹塑模具; 
图6b示出处于图6a所示的状态下的吹塑模具的局部纵剖视图; 
图7a示出处于闭合状态下的吹塑模具的横剖视图;以及 
图7b示出在取出制品时吹塑模具和制品的横剖视图。 
具体实施方式
在图1中首先显示一遍根据本发明挤出大致管形的预成型件的步骤。首先,由热塑性塑料制成的管形预成型件在熔化热的状态下从用附图标记1表示的挤压头中排出,确切而言以已知方式和方法通过挤压头1的环形缝隙喷嘴排出。该挤出可连续或不连续地进行。在所示实施例中,预成型管(Vorformlingschlauch)2依照长度在一侧借助于分离装置3分离,从而该预成型管在其整个长度上具有图2中所示的横截面形状,即设有纵向缝4。例如考虑热封刀、可移动刀片、激光器或类似物作为该分离装置。 
预成型管2的分离可如同在所示实施例中那样在预成型管2从挤压头1或从未示出的环形缝隙喷嘴排出之后或期间在挤压头外部执行。可替选地,预成型管2的分离也可在挤压头1内部利用设置在那里的分流器执行。 
最后,还可替选地,预成型管2可首先以其整个长度排出,接着借助于夹具和分离装置进行分离。 
在所示实施例中如下设定:借助于夹具5从挤压头1上取下预成型管2并移送到吹塑模具6,如图3示意地示出。 
夹具5在附图中极为简化地示出。该夹具不必一定具有圆弓形的夹持元件,而是其可具有近似设置为处于圆弧形或多边形上的夹持段,该夹持段带有用于接纳预成型管2的吸盘。如开头所述,这种夹具例如在DE 1025524中描述。预成型管2的取下可通过另外的用于预成型管2的分离装置得以支持。可替选地,可通过使挤压头的喷嘴缝隙变窄而在预成型管2中形成薄弱位置,其允许借助于夹具5扯下预成型管。 
在利用夹具5操纵预成型管2时,预成型管2可沿周向或沿径向扩张,以实现吹塑模具6的型腔7的对应搭接。另外,预成型管在其沿重力方向的下端在与缝4邻接的区域中分别由扩展元件22抓持并夹紧地保持。扩展元件22可例如构造为气动操作的钳子,其能够为了预成型管2的扩张而相对彼此可移动地构造。 
在所示实施例中示出单型腔模具,即,吹模半体8a、8b的彼此互补的型腔7形成单个模腔。根据本发明,吹塑模具6可同样良好地构造为多型腔模具。 
在夹具5将预成型管移送到吹塑模具6的打开的吹模半体8a、8b之间时,预成型管2的纵向缝4这样定位,即使得纵向缝4与吹塑模具的分型面10或者分模面对准,确切而言在图3所示的实施例中向面对观察者一侧的方向定位。 
吹塑模具6的每个吹模半体8a、8b都设有滑块9a、9b、9c、9d,其优选构造为液压地从吹塑模具6的分型面可移出并可缩回到该分型面。滑块9a、9b、9c、9d在吹模半体8a、8b的闭合运动期间用作模具间隔件并相应地在下文中如此地表示。 
特别是如由图3可见,模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d分别框住吹模半体8a、8b的型腔7,其中出于简化图示的原因,在附图中所示的设 置结构与型腔7的轮廓不匹配。实际上,模具间隔件(滑块)由多个区段9a、9b、9c、9d组成,这些区段分别与型腔7的轮廓匹配,以保持料头(溢料)的产生量尽可能小。模具间隔件也可一件式地构造。 
在预成型管移送到图3所示的位置并相应地定位之后,吹塑模具6的吹模半体8a、8b以从分型面10伸出的模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d这样朝彼此移动,即使得模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d占据在图5a和5b中所示的位置。这些模具间隔件在形成料头11的情况下将预成型管3沿周向夹紧在它们之间。在该位置,吹模半体8a、8b未完全闭合,而是借助于模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d彼此保持一定间距。 
在吹模半体8a、8b的端侧(即横向于吹塑模具6的分型面10延伸的那些侧面)中的一个端侧上,在模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d中分别设置彼此互补的凹槽12,以及在定位件9a、9b、9c、9d朝彼此移动时如图5a所示相应地形成开口13,闭合的吹模半体8a、8b的分型面10延伸通过这些开口。这些开口分别关于(假想的)分型面10对称地设置。预成型管2的纵向缝4同样理想地在吹塑模具的分型面10中延伸。 
在模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d相向移动到一起之后(例如由吹模半体8a、8b的闭合运动引起(迫使)),预成型管在形成料头11的情况下仅仅在开口13的外部挤压在一起。在开口13的区域中预成型管2的纵向缝4保持敞开。 
在图5b和5c中表示的进一步的方法步骤中,附接在吹模半体8b上的吹制芯轴14相应地插入开口13中。各吹制芯轴14分别具有对应于开口的近似圆形的横截面。应这样理解本发明,开口13的轮廓和开口13的数量以及吹制芯轴14的相应数量对于本发明并是不关键的。 
在所示实施例中,吹制芯轴14可枢转地附接到吹模半体8b上,应这样理解本发明,吹制芯轴14也可设置在单独的装置上。 
特别是如由图5c和5d可得出的那样,吹制芯轴14分别设有密封颈圈15,该密封颈圈在开口13的区域中将吹制芯轴抵靠模具间隔件9a密封。 
在图5d和5e表示的进一步的方法步骤中,预成型管在引入吹制空气的情况下贴靠型腔7并抵靠该型腔成型。在预成型管2扩张和部分地成型为半成品的制品16之后,吹制芯轴14可以从开口13枢转离开。吹制芯轴相应地完全释放该开口13,从而如图5e中所示,操纵器17带着嵌件18可以插入到半成品的制品16中。 
在嵌件18接合到半成品的制品16的壁上之后,开口13重新用吹制芯轴14闭合。然后,预成型件重新被吹风压力加载,以防止在与模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d邻接的区域中意外地形成预成型管的折皱或将在这里可能形成的折皱拉平。 
在此需再次提及的是,嵌件的数量和位置以及嵌件的类型对于本发明并不关键。在该情况下,制品例如可以是燃料容器,防油浪挡盘(Schwalltopf)作为嵌件置入到该燃料容器中。 
在图3所示的实施例中,构造为三轴式机器人臂的操纵器17以及同样三轴式的夹具5分别设置在吹塑模具6的对置的两侧。其可以可替选地设置在吹塑模具6的一侧。 
在嵌件18置入到半成品的制品16中之后,必要时吹制芯轴14重新插入到开口13中并且预成型管2被再吹制,模具间隔件9a、9b、9c、9d缩回(见图6a)并且吹模半体8a、8b执行闭合运动,其中半成品制品的在吹模半体8a、8b之间延伸的在缝隙19的宽度上的壁材料一同挤压成一个另外的料头20。出于简化图示的原因,缝隙19在附图中过分夸大地示出。完成的制品获得图7a和7b所示的外形。吹模半体8a、8b打开或沿图7b所示箭头的方向彼此远离移动,并且完成的制品21可借助于取出装置取出。当然,料头20被去除。 
附图标记列表 
1               挤压头 
2               预成型管 
3               分离装置 
4               纵向缝 
5               夹具 
6               吹塑模具 
7               型腔 
8a、8b          吹模半体 
9a、9b、9c、9d  滑块(模具间隔件) 
10              分型面 
11              料头 
12              凹槽 
13              开口 
14              吹制芯轴 
15              密封颈圈 
16              半成品的制品 
17              操纵器 
18              嵌件 
19              缝隙 
20              料头 
22              扩展元件 

Claims (15)

1.用于制造塑料制品的方法,包括如下方法步骤:
挤出大致管形的预成型件;
在挤压头内部分开熔体流或者分离从挤压头输出或已输出的挤出物,从而获得具有大致C形横截面的预成型件;以及
在使用压差的情况下在吹塑模具内部将所述预成型件成型为空心体,其特征在于,首先在部分闭合的吹塑模具中使所述预成型件扩张和部分地预成型,
在一个进一步的步骤中,在未完全闭合的吹塑模具的各部分之间并通过所述预成型件的敞开侧,将至少一个嵌件置入到部分地预成型的制品的内部,
并且在一个进一步的步骤中,将所述吹塑模具完全闭合,其中,使制品完全成型,同时形成至少部分地环绕的挤压缝;
所述吹塑模具的闭合运动分两个阶段进行,其中,在该闭合运动的第一阶段中,至少一个框住所述吹塑模具的型腔的、作为模具间隔件的滑块将所述预成型件夹紧在它们之间,同时形成至少一个开口。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预成型件的分离缝相对于所述吹塑模具的分模面定位成,使得该分离缝大致在所述吹塑模具的假想的分模面中延伸。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述闭合运动的第一阶段与第二阶段之间,首先使所述预成型件扩张到吹模半体中,并且在一个进一步的步骤中置入所述嵌件。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预成型件借助于吹制空气被扩张,其中,至少一个吹制芯轴置入到由所述模具间隔件形成的开口中。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述嵌件的置入通过由所述模具间隔件形成的开口进行。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预成型件借助于至少一个夹具从所述挤压头被取下,并被移送到所述吹塑模具的打开的各半体之间。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预成型件在置入到打开的各吹模半体之间之前或期间沿周向被扩张和/或部分地被扩展。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述嵌件借助于操纵器被置入到部分地成型出的预成型件中。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在置入所述嵌件之后,重新将吹制芯轴置入到由所述模具间隔件形成的开口中,并且重新用吹制空气对所述预成型件加载。
10.用于根据前述权利要求任一项所述的方法制造塑料制品(21)的吹塑模具(6),包括至少两个形成一模腔的吹模半体(8a、8b),所述吹模半体执行相对彼此的打开和闭合运动,其中,至少一个吹模半体设有至少一个框住相应型腔的滑块(9a,9b,9c,9d)作为模具间隔件,所述模具间隔件设有至少一个凹槽,用于形成用于容纳吹制芯轴(14)和/或用于供操纵器(17)穿过的开口(13)。
11.按照权利要求10所述的吹塑模具,其特征在于,所述模具间隔件(9a,9b,9c,9d)被构造为能够从所述吹模半体的分模面(10)伸出和缩回。
12.按照权利要求10或11所述的吹塑模具,其特征在于,所述模具间隔件(9a,9b,9c,9d)与型腔(7)的轮廓相匹配。
13.按照权利要求10或11所述的吹塑模具,其特征在于,至少一个模具间隔件(9a,9b,9c,9d)可调温地构造。
14.按照权利要求10或11所述的吹塑模具,其特征在于,至少一个模具间隔件(9a,9b,9c,9d)设有用于固定所述预成型件的被加载负压的抽吸开口。
15.按照权利要求13所述的吹塑模具,其特征在于,所述至少一个模具间隔件可加热地构造。
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