White organic light emitting diode device with enhanced light extraction
Technical Field
The invention relates to a light emitting diode device, in particular to a white organic light emitting diode device for enhancing light extraction, which improves the light extraction efficiency and the visual angle stability of the white organic light emitting diode device by combining a one-dimensional photonic crystal structure and a medium-Metal-Dielectric (DMD) method, and simultaneously can effectively improve the electrode transmittance and further improve the light extraction efficiency of the device by the medium-Metal-Dielectric structure. In addition, the one-dimensional photonic crystal structure is formed by stacking multiple pairs of inorganic materials and organic materials, so that the problem of large stress of an OLED device with the photonic crystal made of all inorganic materials is solved.
Background
Nowadays, the demand for large-sized White Organic Light Emitting Diode (WOLED) displays in the market is increasing. Among the white organic light emitting diodes in the prior art, a Top Emission white organic light emitting diode (Top Emission WOLED, TE WOLED) is the most commonly used device structure, and a Microcavity Effect (Microcavity Effect) exists on the metal electrodes at both sides of the Top Emission white organic light emitting diode. The microcavity effect can effectively improve the color purity, but at the same time can cause severe angle-varying chromatic aberration. The current main methods for solving the angle variation chromatic aberration are to inhibit the microcavity effect or to stabilize the viewing angle by using a hybrid mode.
The Photonic Crystal has a Photonic band gap, so that light falling into the Photonic band gap is emitted in a radiation mode, the light extraction efficiency is improved, meanwhile, an optical surface state exists on the interface of the metal and the One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal (One Dimensional Photonic Crystal), the surface state can be in a hybridization mode in a mode of being coupled with a microcavity mode, the enhancement of two light-emitting peaks can be effectively realized, and the Photonic Crystal is suitable for being applied to white organic light-emitting diodes with two components to realize the light extraction enhancement. In addition, the microcavity effect has obvious viewing angle instability, and the optical surface state is not influenced by the viewing angle change because the optical surface state is not influenced by the microcavity length and is only determined by the thickness of the metal electrode and the photonic crystal structure, so that the white organic light emitting diode based on the hybrid state can well ensure the viewing angle stability.
At present, two inorganic materials with large refractive index difference are mostly adopted for the one-dimensional photonic crystal to carry out A-B-A-B structure multilayer stacking, if the one-dimensional photonic crystal is introduced into a white organic light emitting diode, the problem of large stress is caused by the multiple inorganic materials, so that the display panel is easy to crack and strip, and the flexibility of the display panel is reduced. In addition, the nucleation process of the metal film causes the film to have different degrees of cracks when the thickness of the film is thin, the cracks destroy the continuity and the conductivity of the metal, and the excitation of a metal surface plasma mode can occur, so that a large amount of photons are lost. When Dielectric layers are adopted on two sides of the Metal, namely Dielectric-Metal-Dielectric (DMD), the continuity and transmittance of the Metal film can be effectively improved on the premise of ensuring the conductivity, and the anti-reflection effect of the Metal is realized.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a white organic light emitting diode device with enhanced light extraction to solve the problems of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of reduced flexibility and defects of a display panel caused by the fact that two inorganic materials with greatly different refractive indexes are adopted for multi-layer stacking of one-dimensional photonic crystals of a white organic light emitting diode in the prior art, the invention provides a white organic light emitting diode device for enhancing light extraction, so as to solve the problems.
The invention mainly aims to provide a white organic light emitting diode device for enhancing light extraction, which comprises a glass substrate, and an electrode layer, a first functional layer, a first light emitting layer, a second functional layer, a charge generation layer, a third functional layer, a second light emitting layer, a fourth functional layer, a medium metal medium layer and at least two one-dimensional photonic crystal layers which are sequentially stacked on the glass substrate;
the medium metal medium layer comprises a first high-refractive-index layer, a metal layer and a second high-refractive-index layer which are sequentially arranged on the fourth functional layer in an overlapping mode, and the first high-refractive-index layer and the second high-refractive-index layer are used as medium layers;
the at least two one-dimensional photonic crystal layers are sequentially stacked on the dielectric metal medium layer, each one-dimensional photonic crystal layer comprises a second high-refractive-index layer and a low-refractive-index layer which are sequentially stacked, and the refractive index of the low-refractive-index layer is lower than that of the second high-refractive-index layer;
and the second high-refractive-index layer of the dielectric metal dielectric layer and the second high-refractive-index layer of the one-dimensional photonic crystal layer at the lowest part are the same layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the first high refractive index layer is the same as the refractive index of the second high refractive index layer.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the first high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 2, and the refractive index of the second high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 2.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first high refractive index layer and the second high refractive index layer are made of an inorganic material.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first and second high refractive index layers are made of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc selenide (ZnSe), titanium dioxide (TiO2), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3).
In an embodiment of the present invention, the low refractive index layer has a refractive index of less than or equal to 1.5.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the low refractive index layer is made of an organic material containing fluorine.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first light emitting layer is an organic light emitting diode light emitting layer, and the second light emitting layer is an organic light emitting diode light emitting layer.
In an embodiment of the invention, a color emitted by the first light emitting layer and a color emitted by the second light emitting layer are mixed to form white light.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the first functional layer, the second functional layer, the third functional layer, and the fourth functional layer is one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
Compared with the prior art, the white organic light emitting diode device for enhancing light extraction realizes hybridization of an Optical Tamm States (OTS) mode and a microcavity mode by using a method of combining the one-dimensional photonic crystal layer and the dielectric metal dielectric layer, respectively enhances the light emitting efficiency of the first light emitting layer and the second light emitting layer, simultaneously the Optical Tamm state is not influenced by the cavity length, realizes the enhancement of light coupling output efficiency and the guarantee of visual angle stability, simultaneously adopts the one-dimensional photonic crystal which is formed by stacking a plurality of layers of the second high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer as a thin film packaging layer in the display panel, has smaller stress compared with the traditional photonic crystal structure, and avoids easy cracking, stripping and incompatibility with flexibility caused by more inorganic materials. In addition, the medium metal dielectric layer effectively improves the transmittance of the metal electrode under the condition of ensuring the conductivity, and further improves the light extraction efficiency of the device.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects of the present invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below:
drawings
Fig. 1 is a side cross-sectional view of a white organic light emitting diode device with enhanced light extraction according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the white organic light emitting diode device for enhancing light extraction of the present invention includes a glass substrate 10, and an electrode layer 11, a first functional layer 41, a first light emitting layer 20e, a second functional layer 42, a charge generation layer 22, a third functional layer 43, a second light emitting layer 30e, a fourth functional layer 44, a dielectric metal dielectric layer 5, and at least two one-dimensional photonic crystal layers 7 sequentially stacked on the glass substrate 10.
The dielectric metal dielectric layer 5 includes a first high refractive index layer 51h, a metal layer 60m, and a second high refractive index layer 52h sequentially stacked on the fourth functional layer 44, and the first high refractive index layer 51h and the second high refractive index layer 52h serve as dielectric layers.
The at least two one-dimensional photonic crystal layers 7 are sequentially stacked on the dielectric metal dielectric layer 5, each one-dimensional photonic crystal layer 7 includes a second high refractive index layer 52h and a low refractive index layer 70, which are sequentially stacked, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer 70 is lower than that of the second high refractive index layer 52 h. The at least two one-dimensional photonic crystal layers 7 are unstructured, so that large-area preparation is facilitated, the light extraction efficiency of the white organic light emitting diode device can be improved, the stress of the device is weakened, and the white organic light emitting diode device can be used as a thin film packaging layer of the device.
The second high refractive index layer 52h of the dielectric metal dielectric layer 5 and the second high refractive index layer 52h of the one-dimensional photonic crystal layer 7 at the lowermost position are the same layer. The medium metal dielectric layer 5 can increase the transmittance of the metal electrode layer 11.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the first high refractive-index layer 51h is the same as the refractive index of the second high refractive-index layer 52 h. In an embodiment of the present invention, the refractive index of the first high refractive-index layer 51h is greater than or equal to 2, and the refractive index of the second high refractive-index layer 52h is greater than or equal to 2. In an embodiment of the present invention, the first high refractive index layer 51h and the second high refractive index layer 52h are made of inorganic materials.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the first high refractive-index layer 51h and the second high refractive-index layer 52h are made of zinc sulfide (ZnS), zinc oxide (ZnO), zinc selenide (ZnSe), titanium dioxide (TiO2), molybdenum oxide (MoO 3). In one embodiment of the present invention, the low refractive index layer 70 has a refractive index less than or equal to 1.5. In one embodiment of the present invention, the low refractive index layer 70 is made of a fluorine-containing organic material.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first light emitting layer 20e is an organic light emitting diode light emitting layer, and the second light emitting layer 30e is an organic light emitting diode light emitting layer. In an embodiment of the invention, the color emitted by the first light-emitting layer 20e and the color emitted by the second light-emitting layer 30e are mixed to form white light.
In an embodiment of the present invention, each of the first functional layer 41, the second functional layer 42, the third functional layer 43, and the fourth functional layer 44 is one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer.
Compared with the prior art, the white organic light emitting diode device for enhancing light extraction of the invention realizes hybridization of an Optical Tamm States (OTS) mode and a microcavity mode by using a method of combining the one-dimensional photonic crystal layer 7 and the dielectric metal dielectric layer 5, respectively enhances the light emitting efficiency of the first light emitting layer 20e and the second light emitting layer 30e, is not influenced by the cavity length, realizes the enhancement of light coupling output efficiency and the guarantee of visual angle stability, adopts the one-dimensional photonic crystal stacked by multiple layers of the second high refractive index layer 52h and the low refractive index layer 70 as a thin film packaging layer in a display panel, and has stress compared with the traditional photonic crystal structure, thereby avoiding the defects of easy cracking, peeling and flexibility caused by more inorganic materials. In addition, the dielectric metal dielectric layer 5 effectively improves the transmittance of the metal electrode under the condition of ensuring the conductivity, and further improves the light extraction efficiency of the device.