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CN106163278A - 烷醇胺硫酸盐水调节剂 - Google Patents

烷醇胺硫酸盐水调节剂 Download PDF

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CN106163278A
CN106163278A CN201580019692.7A CN201580019692A CN106163278A CN 106163278 A CN106163278 A CN 106163278A CN 201580019692 A CN201580019692 A CN 201580019692A CN 106163278 A CN106163278 A CN 106163278A
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CN106163278B (zh
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A·J·斯特恩
M·T·米雷蒂斯
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Yindu Lamar Investment Oxide Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract

本公开的实施方式包括农业组合物,其含有农业活性成分和水调节剂。水调节剂是烷醇铵硫酸盐。本公开的实施方式还包括通过向农业活性成分加入至少一种水调节剂来在农业配制剂中调节水并同时保持可比拟的挥发性的方法,其中所述水调节剂包含至少一种烷醇胺硫酸盐。

Description

烷醇胺硫酸盐水调节剂
发明领域
本公开一般地涉及水调节剂,其不增加农药的挥发性,和尤其涉及烷醇铵硫酸盐及其在农业组合物中的用途。
背景技术
水调节剂广泛地用来增加农药效力。传统水调节剂是硫酸二铵盐,一般称为"AMS"。AMS的最大用途是与对水硬度非常敏感的除草剂草甘膦组合。硬水离子比如钙、镁、铁等通过与草甘膦结合并由此使其无活性而降低草甘膦的效力。使用水调节剂比如AMS减少可以与草甘膦结合的硬水离子的量。
尽管AMS是廉价和有效的,已知其增加除草剂比如麦草畏和2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸(2,4-D)的挥发性。在许多情况下,草甘膦将在施用之前与其它除草剂比如麦草畏、2,4-D或其它合成的植物生长素除草剂在喷雾槽稀释中组合。
挥发性是在施用除草剂至待处理的区域/植物之后发生的负面结果。具有更高挥发性的除草剂更可能从所希望的施用区域蒸发/气化并变为空气传播的。然后风可以将除草剂携带并不期望处理的其它区域/植物。因此除草剂的挥发性是不希望的,原因在于其损害与初始除草剂施用场所相邻的作物或其它植物的潜力。
发明概要
从而需要水调节剂,其保持除草剂效力但是不引起更易挥发的除草剂配制剂。
本公开的实施方式包括农业组合物,其含有至少一种农业活性成分和至少一种水调节剂,所述水调节剂是烷醇铵硫酸盐。
本公开的实施方式还包括在农业配制剂中调节水并同时保持可比拟的农业活性成分的挥发性的方法,包括将至少一种水调节剂加至农业活性成分,所述农业活性成分在某些实施方式是与适中的水、硬水或很硬的水共混的,其中所述水调节剂包含至少一种烷醇铵硫酸盐。
发明详述
本公开的实施方式公开农业组合物,其包括至少一种农业活性成分和至少一种水调节剂,所述水调节剂是烷醇铵硫酸盐。
本公开的实施方式包括至少一种农业活性成分。在某些实施方式中,所述农业活性成分是除草剂。在其它实施方式中,农业活性成分是植物生长素,包括但不限于合成的植物生长素除草剂。合成的植物生长素除草剂可以包括但不限于3,6-二氯-2-甲氧基苯甲酸(麦草畏)及其盐,2,4-D酸及其盐,[(4-氨基-3,5-二氯-6-氟-2-吡啶基)氧基]乙酸(氯氟吡氧乙酸)及其盐,及其组合。
在其它实施方式中,农业活性成分可以是苯氧基除草剂比如2-甲基-4-氯苯氧基乙酸(2甲4氯)酸及其盐,和甲基氯苯氧基丙酸(MCPP)酸及其盐,4-(4-氯-2-甲基苯氧基)丁酸盐/酯(2甲4氯丁酸)及其盐及其组合。
在其它实施方式中,农业活性成分可以是吡啶羧酸比如3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶基氧基乙酸(三氯吡氧乙酸)酸及其盐,3,6-二氯-2-吡啶羧酸(二氯吡啶酸)酸及其盐,4-氨基-3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶羧酸(氨氯吡啶酸)酸及其盐,3,7-二氯-8-喹啉羧酸(二氯喹啉酸)及其盐,及其组合。
在其它实施方式中,农业活性成分可以是N-(膦酰基甲基)甘氨酸(草甘膦)及其盐,4-[羟基(甲基)氧膦基]-DL-高丙氨酸(草铵膦酸(glufosinate))铵或其它盐,及其组合。
上述农业活性成分可以单独或彼此组合使用。术语"它的盐"和"其盐"是指活性成分酸的中和形式,其可以是用各种平衡离子或种类比如钠或钾中和的。本领域技术人员将认识到其它适当农业活性成分,以用于本公开的实施方式中。
在其它实施方式中,农业活性成分与软水、适中的水、硬水或很硬的水共混。描述为"硬"的水富含溶解的矿物例如钙和镁。随钙和镁含量增加,硬度变得更高。按照U.S.Geological Survey定义的水硬度如下所述:
水硬度,表示为
*按CaCO3计的水硬度(mg/L)=2.5[Ca2+(mg/L)]+4.5[Mg2+(mg/L)]
本公开的实施方式还包括水调节剂组合物,其包括至少一种烷醇铵硫酸盐。烷醇铵硫酸盐包括下式I所述的硫酸盐。
其中R1,R2,R3,R4,R5和R6各自独立地是下式残基:
其中R1、R2和R3中至少一个且R4、R5和R6中至少一个是式(i)、(ii)或(iii)的残基。
适宜的烷醇铵硫酸盐的实例也包括二(2-羟基乙基铵硫酸盐)(又名"MEA硫酸盐"),二(二-(2-羟基乙基)铵硫酸盐)(又名"DEA硫酸盐"),二(三-(2-羟基乙基)铵硫酸盐)(又名"TEA硫酸盐"),二(2-羟基乙氧基乙基铵硫酸盐),及其组合。
适用于本公开的实施方式中的烷醇铵硫酸盐还可以包括式II所述的烷醇铵硫酸盐。
其中M是钠(Na)、钾(K)或能够带阳离子电荷的任意其它原子或原子组,并且其中R1、R2和R3各自独立地是下式残基:
其中R1、R2和R3中至少一个是式(i)、(ii)或(iii)残基。
适宜的烷醇铵硫酸盐可以包括钾烷醇铵硫酸盐比如钾羟基乙基铵硫酸盐,钾三(2-羟基乙基)铵硫酸盐及其组合。
其它可能的烷醇铵硫酸盐可以包括羟基乙基吗啉(HEM)硫酸盐,氨基乙基乙醇铵(AEEA)硫酸盐,二甘醇铵(DGA)硫酸盐,N-甲基乙醇铵硫酸盐,N,N-二甲基乙醇铵硫酸盐,N-甲基二乙醇铵硫酸盐,3-羟基丙醇铵硫酸盐,及其组合。HEM硫酸盐,AEEA硫酸盐和DGA硫酸盐如下所示:
所列的烷醇铵硫酸盐全部可以单独或彼此组合使用。
本公开的烷醇铵硫酸盐可以是至少一种烷醇胺和至少一种酸的反应产品。在本公开的实施方式中,烷醇胺可以是一乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺,二甘醇胺,氨基乙基乙醇胺,羟基乙基吗啉,N,N-二-(3-氨基丙基)甲胺及其组合。在实施方式中,所述至少一种酸是硫酸。本领域技术人员会认识到会与烷醇胺反应形成烷醇铵硫酸盐的其它适宜酸。在又一实施方式中,将两种或更多种不同烷醇胺的混合物与硫酸反应。
本公开农业组合物的实施方式还可以包括一种或多种添加剂。添加剂可以包括农业喷雾助剂或槽助剂,表面活性剂(例如脂肪胺乙氧基化物),分散剂,防飘剂,保湿剂,防冻剂,润湿剂,粘着剂,增稠剂和消泡剂。取决于农业组合物的用途和施用,本领域技术人员借助本公开将认识到使用其它的适当添加剂。
本文公开的水调节剂可以掺入农药配制剂从而提供"内嵌(built in)"的水调节,或作为独立的水调节助剂配制剂提供而不含农药组分,或作为多功能的助剂配制剂的一部分提供而不含农药组分。这些配制剂一般是浓缩物并且会如下使用:在施用之前简单将希望量的浓缩物加入桶混/喷雾混合物。
本公开的农业组合物可以包括喷雾混合物或桶混。这些混合物一般是单一的或多种农业产品的组合,消费者比如农业人员会将其倾入槽中,添加水和可能的其它助剂/添加剂,混合,然后喷雾/适用于田间。这些混合物一般在待施用物质的场所附近制备。
这些水调节剂在桶混/喷雾混合物中的用量类似AMS,也即约0.05至约3.0%,按重量(基于固体)/体积(w/v)计。在其它实施方式中,使用约0.1至约2.0%w/v的水调节剂。本公开的实施方式还包括通过向农业活性成分加入至少一种水调节剂来调节水并同时保持可比拟的农业组合物的农业活性成分挥发性的方法,所述农业活性成分在某些实施方式中是与适中的水、硬水或很硬的水共混的,其中所述水调节剂包含至少一种烷醇铵硫酸盐。"可比拟"意指农业活性成分挥发性在通过热重分析仪(TGA)方法测试的情况下不实质上增加或降低。本公开的实施方式还包括向植物和土壤施用本文公开的农业组合物的方法。
本公开的实施方式的优势包括:本文描述的水调节剂具有如下特质:与含铵(NH4)离子的传统水调节剂相反,它们不显著增加农业组合物的挥发性。
通过考虑下述实施例进一步说明本公开的实施方式,所述实施例期望是本公开的示例。
实施例
实施例1:制备一乙醇胺(MEA)硫酸盐水调节剂。
将208克MEA置于1升金属烧杯中,并置于水-冰浴中。用高架搅拌器,将350克的50%硫酸水溶液缓慢加入,保持混合物温度低于60℃。结果是MEA硫酸盐的黄色溶液,在水中为69%,具有6.45的pH。
全部其它烷醇铵硫酸盐水调节剂的制备都通过相似程序完成。含有一价金属阳离子和烷醇铵离子的混合盐比如钾2-羟基乙基铵硫酸盐也通过相似程序容易地制备。在该情况下,金属阳离子与烷醇铵离子的摩尔比能够在0.1:1.0至1.0:0.1之间变化。
实施例2:制备混合的烷醇铵硫酸盐水调节剂。
在冰浴中,将1摩尔(98克)硫酸仔细地加入在玻璃烧杯中的冰水(98克)中,加以连续的温和搅拌。在该混合物温度降至10℃时,随搅拌将三乙醇胺(74.5克,0.5摩尔)仔细地加入。随后,随搅拌将一乙醇胺(30.5克,0.5摩尔)仔细地加入。于1%浓度在去离子水中测量的溶液pH是6.0。
实施例3:比较植物生长素除草剂挥发性的增加,采用各种水调节剂。
在各种水调节剂中比较植物生长素除草剂挥发性的增加完成如下:制备水、除草剂(麦草畏二甘醇胺(DGA)盐,在该情况下)和水调节剂的混合物。溶液浓度模拟真实农业田间使用浓度。在用热重分析(TGA)完成的该试验中,将对照(单独的麦草畏-DGA)与麦草畏-DGA+水调节剂进行比较。表1结果显示:与含有简单铵离子的传统水调节剂AMS相比,本公开的烷醇铵硫酸盐水调节剂有效地抑制麦草畏的挥发性。另外,表1的TGA结果显示:二(异丙基铵)硫酸盐(表中的IPA硫酸盐)代表的烷基铵硫酸盐与AMS行为类似并且导致麦草畏挥发性的增加。具有烷醇铵硫酸盐的农业组合物展示优选的挥发性特征。
表1:麦草畏+水调节剂的TGA比较
实施例4.与草甘膦除草剂溶液的相容性。
制备混合物,其是含1000ppm钙的950克水,30克的实施例1的MEA硫酸盐溶液,和20克ROUNDUPMAX除草剂(The Scotts Company LLC of Marysville,Ohio)的混合物。结果是澄清、均匀的溶液,展示新的水调节剂在物理上和化学上与含草甘膦的配制剂相容。
实施例5.水调节效果,采用草甘膦。
进行田间试验以比较除草剂草甘膦(用蒸馏水或含1000ppm(钙+镁)的水稀释至小于其标记用量)的效力,含或不含本公开水调节剂。在该试验中,将含草甘膦的喷雾施用至亚麻,苋菜红,向日葵和玉米。该田间试验中所用的草甘膦是HT除草剂并且其喷雾施用率保持恒定于9.6fl oz/a。非离子表面活性剂(活化剂90表面活性剂)也以0.5%v/v的恒定喷雾施用率与除草剂施用。最终,本公开水调节剂当存在时以0.75%v/v和1.0%v/v喷雾施用量施用。在整个田间各个位置分区的亚麻、苋菜红、向日葵和玉米得以喷雾处理,并且在处理之后、在特定的天数视觉评价损伤,等级为0至100%,其中0代表"无"损伤和100%代表"完全"损伤或死亡。在该试验期间测试的水调节剂包括:
硫酸盐1=一乙醇胺硫酸盐(70%水溶液);
硫酸盐2=三乙醇胺硫酸盐(70%水溶液);和
硫酸盐3=混合的硫酸钾和一乙醇胺硫酸盐(25%水溶液)。
结果提供如下:
表2:%亚麻防治
表2A:%亚麻防治
表3:%苋菜红防治
表3A:%苋菜红防治
表4:%向日葵防治
表4A:%向日葵防治
表5:%玉米防治
表5A:%玉米防治
结果展示的是,将本发明水调节剂加入草甘膦/非离子表面活性剂喷雾混合物,与草甘膦/非离子表面活性剂喷雾混合物对照相比,显著改善%全部测试植物的防治。这指出本发明水调节剂在喷雾混合物中保持农业活性成分效力并且同时降低/阻止其挥发性的能力。
本领域技术人员将理解本文描述的发明能够进行变化和修饰,而不同于特别描述的那些。应理解本发明包括落入其主旨和范围的全部上述变化和修饰。本发明也包括在该说明书中单独或集体提及或指出的全部步骤、特征、组合物和化合物,和所述步骤或特征中任意两种或更多种的任意各种组合。

Claims (19)

1.农业组合物,包含:
至少一种农业活性成分;和
至少一种水调节剂,其中所述水调节剂包含烷醇铵硫酸盐。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷醇铵硫酸盐是式I的硫酸盐:
其中R1,R2,R3,R4,R5和R6各自独立地是下式残基:
其中R1、R2和R3中至少一个和R4、R5和R6中至少一个是式(i)、(ii)或(iii)的残基。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷醇铵硫酸盐选自:二(2-羟基乙基铵)硫酸盐,二(二-(2-羟基乙基)铵)硫酸盐,二(三-(2-羟基乙基)铵)硫酸盐,二(2-羟基乙氧基乙基铵)硫酸盐及其组合。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷醇铵硫酸盐是式II的硫酸盐:
其中M是钠或钾,和其中R1、R2和R3各自独立地是下式残基:
其中R1、R2和R3中至少一个是式(i)、(ii)或(iii)的残基。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷醇铵硫酸盐包含钠或钾烷醇铵硫酸盐。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中所述钾烷醇铵硫酸盐选自:钾羟基乙基铵硫酸盐,钾三(2-羟基乙基)铵硫酸盐及其组合。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷醇铵硫酸盐包含羟基乙基吗啉硫酸盐,二甘醇铵硫酸盐,氨基乙基乙醇铵硫酸盐,N-甲基乙醇铵硫酸盐,N,N-二甲基乙醇铵硫酸盐,N-甲基二乙醇铵硫酸盐,3-羟基丙醇铵硫酸盐及其组合。
8.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述烷醇铵硫酸盐包含至少一种烷醇胺和硫酸的反应产品。
9.权利要求8的组合物,其中所述至少一种烷醇胺选自:一乙醇胺,二乙醇胺,三乙醇胺,N,N-二-(3-氨基丙基)甲胺,羟基乙基吗啉,二甘醇胺,氨基乙基乙醇胺,及其组合。
10.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述至少一种农业活性成分是至少一种合成的植物生长素除草剂。
11.权利要求10的组合物,其中所述至少一种合成的植物生长素除草剂选自:麦草畏及其盐,2,4-D及其盐,氯氟吡氧乙酸及其盐,及其组合。
12.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述至少一种农业活性成分选自:麦草畏,其盐及其组合。
13.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述至少一种农业活性成分选自:2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸,其盐及其组合。
14.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述至少一种农业活性成分选自:2甲4氯酸及其盐,MCPP酸及其盐,2甲4氯丁酸及其盐,三氯吡氧乙酸及其盐,二氯吡啶酸及其盐,氨氯吡啶酸及其盐,氯氟吡氧乙酸及其盐,和二氯喹啉酸及其盐,及其组合。
15.权利要求1的组合物,其中至少一种农业活性成分选自:草甘膦酸及其盐,草铵膦酸及其盐,及其组合。
16.权利要求1的组合物,还包含表面活性剂。
17.权利要求16的组合物,其中所述表面活性剂是脂肪胺乙氧基化物。
18.在农业配制剂中调节水并同时保持可比拟的挥发性的方法,包括向农业活性成分加入至少一种水调节剂,其中所述水调节剂包含至少一种烷醇铵硫酸盐。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中农业配制剂是桶混或喷雾混合物。
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