CN105220813A - The useless X-type of a kind of profit is hollow/composite energy-saving building block - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an X-shaped hollow/composite self-insulating and energy-saving building block which utilizes waste. The matrix of the hollow energy-saving block is formed by mixing solid waste such as fly ash, slag, construction waste and cement according to a certain gradation and then pressing. The internal ribs are arranged in an X-shaped diagonal line, and the internal cavity is divided into four "triangular" cavities with similar volumes. The optimal porosity rate is 50-60%, thereby improving the thermal insulation performance of the block and the durability of the block. Stress performance. The waste utilization X-type hollow/composite self-insulating energy-saving block of the present invention has a small heat path unevenness and reduces hot and cold bridges. When no heat preservation material is compounded, its energy-saving effect is 20% higher than that of ordinary blocks; After compounding thermal insulation materials in two closed holes, its energy-saving effect is 55% higher than that of ordinary blocks; if all holes are compounded with thermal insulation materials, its energy-saving effect will be 80% higher than that of ordinary blocks, and it can save 50%-80 in different regions. % heating energy consumption, the masonry wall can meet the requirements of energy-saving design standards without other insulation measures.

Description

A X-shaped hollow/composite energy-saving block that utilizes waste

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of construction equipment, and in particular relates to an X-shaped hollow/composite energy-saving block that utilizes waste.

Background technique

Under the background of comprehensively promoting building energy saving and wall material innovation in the country, the systematic research on self-insulating wall materials has important practical significance for supporting and guiding the development of building energy saving work. In recent years, concrete composite self-insulating blocks have attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad because of their good thermal insulation properties and energy-saving effects. As a building form suitable for my country's national conditions, the advantages of block building are mainly manifested in: outstanding seismic performance; convenient and fast construction; Project cost plays an important role.

Recycling and comprehensive utilization of construction waste is currently the most effective means of waste reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization, and has good social and environmental benefits. my country has a large population, a high density, and a large daily output of construction waste. In-depth research on the recycling of construction waste can realize the resource utilization of incinerator slag and improve the quality of the living environment of the masses. Therefore, these construction wastes and incineration slag are fully used in the production of building materials, and while realizing the resource utilization of solid waste, a new type of composite self-insulating wall that meets the standards in terms of thermal performance and mechanical performance is developed. Material.

The self-insulation blocks currently researched and developed are as follows: Chinese patent "self-insulation block" (patent No. ZL201320293926.5); Chinese patent "concrete composite self-insulation block" (patent No. Inorganic self-insulating block" (Patent No. 201320028564.7); Chinese patent "L-shaped self-insulating block with non-equal width" (Patent No. ZL201210450545.3); Chinese patent "A concrete self-insulating block" (Patent No. ZL201110364481.0 ); Chinese patent "X-type self-insulating block" (patent number 201010247051.6), etc., which have a certain thermal insulation capacity. However, the manufacture of some self-insulating blocks is more complicated and the requirements for construction technology are more stringent. There are also some blocks where thermal bridges are more obvious at the joints.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite lightweight aggregate concrete self-insulating block, to solve the problem of increased construction difficulty, increased material waste, significantly increased cost, thermal insulation performance and It solves the problem of poor mechanical properties, and solves the problems that the existing lightweight aggregate concrete fails to make full use of solid waste in the production, the cost of raw materials is high, and the energy consumption of production is large, and the mold making of the existing hollow blocks is complicated. , thus affecting the production cycle of blocks and further affecting the construction efficiency.

In order to solve the above existing technical problems, the present invention provides a waste-reducing X-shaped hollow/composite energy-saving block. The block of the present invention is made of solid waste such as construction waste, incinerator slag, fly ash and thermal insulation materials. , is a light aggregate concrete small hollow block.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: a waste-reducing X-shaped hollow/composite energy-saving block, the raw materials of the block matrix are solid waste such as fly ash, slag, construction waste and cement according to a certain It is made by pressing after graded mixing. The parts by weight of the raw materials are as follows: 17-30 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of construction waste, 25-40 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of slag, 1.0-1.5 parts of water reducing agent, 2.0-30 parts of activator 3.0 parts, water-cement ratio 0.3~0.35. Making full use of construction waste resources, turning construction waste, incinerator slag and other materials into treasures.

The internal ribs of the blocks are arranged diagonally, showing four "triangular" holes, which can improve the mechanical performance of the blocks, enable the blocks to transmit force well, and improve the quality of the masonry wall. overall strength and stability of the body.

When no thermal insulation material is compounded, its energy-saving effect is 20% higher than that of ordinary blocks; when thermal insulation materials are compounded in two closed holes, its energy-saving effect is 55% higher than that of ordinary blocks; if all holes are compounded with thermal insulation materials , its energy-saving effect will be 80% higher than that of ordinary blocks, and it can save 50%-80% of heating energy consumption in different regions, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and protect the environment.

The two sides of the block are not connected in the middle, and the base material with a height of 25mm is left at the lower part to increase the strength and fix the composite thermal insulation material.

If all the holes are compounded with thermal insulation materials, then the four vertices each protrude a base material with a length of 20mm and a width of 25mm to fix the thermal insulation materials in the two semi-closed holes.

When building horizontal straight walls, the thermal bridges of the transverse mortar joints between adjacent wall blocks are cut off, thereby cutting off the heat transfer.

The wall blocks are formed by mold pouring. The block structure is simple, so the mold is relatively simple and convenient. Using the above-mentioned base materials, after measuring, stirring, pressing, vibration molding and curing, the X-shaped hollow block is obtained, and then compounded according to the thermal performance and energy-saving requirements. insulation material.

The wall blocks are lighter than ordinary concrete blocks of the same strength grade, so the structural load can be effectively reduced, the load weight of beams and columns can be reduced, and the cost of foundation treatment can be reduced.

Composite insulation materials can be extruded polystyrene board (XPS), molded polystyrene board (EPS) and polyurethane or foamed concrete.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that while realizing the reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization of waste disposal, the mechanical performance and thermal performance of the blocks are satisfied, and good social and environmental benefits are obtained.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment 1 of the present invention.

The top view of Fig. 2 Embodiment 1.

The adjacent block masonry diagram of Fig. 3 embodiment 1.

Figure 4 is a perspective view of Embodiment 2.

The top view of Fig. 5 Embodiment 2.

The adjacent block masonry diagram of Fig. 6 embodiment 2.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of Embodiment 3.

Figure 8 is a top view of Embodiment 3.

The adjacent block masonry diagram of Fig. 9 embodiment 3.

The left view of Fig. 10 Embodiment 1 and 2.

The left side view of Fig. 11 Embodiment 3.

Figure 12 is a sectional view of Embodiment 1.

The sectional view of Fig. 13 embodiment 2,3.

detailed description

The following two examples are designed as:

1. Block matrix, block size is 390mm×240mm×190mm

2. The height of the base material on both sides of the block is 25mm, and the thickness of the two internal ribs is 25mm respectively. After being arranged diagonally, 4 "triangular" holes are formed, and the size of the two closed holes is 183.8mm. 183.8mm, 340mm, and the dimensions of the three sides of the other two semi-closed holes are 183.8mm, 183.8mm, 140mm. During masonry, the semi-closed hole between two adjacent blocks forms a complete closed diamond-shaped hole with a side length of 183.8mm.

Example 1

1. The block matrix is made of concrete mixed with the following raw materials in parts by weight: 17-30 parts of cement, 20-30 parts of construction waste, 25-40 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of slag, and water reducing agent 1.0~1.5 parts, activator 2.0~3.0 parts, water-cement ratio 0.3~0.35;

2. The internal ribs of the block are arranged diagonally, presenting four "triangular" holes, resulting in a hollow block.

Through the block detection of above-mentioned embodiment 1, its performance is as follows:

(1) The density grade meets the density requirements of small lightweight aggregate concrete blocks;

(2) The intensity level reaches the standard;

(3) Using 240mm thick blocks and 22mm thick cement mortar inside and outside to plaster the block wall, it is concluded that its energy saving effect is 20% higher than that of ordinary blocks.

Example 2

In block 2, thermal insulation materials are compounded only in two closed holes, and the others are the same as in embodiment 1.

Through the block detection of above-mentioned embodiment 2, its performance is as follows:

(1) The density grade meets the density requirements of small lightweight aggregate concrete blocks;

(2) The intensity level reaches the standard;

(3) Use 240mm thick blocks and 22mm thick cement mortar inside and outside to plaster the block wall. The heat transfer coefficient K value of the wall is 0.415W/(m2 K), and the thermal performance meets JGJ134-2010 "Summer Design Standards for Energy Conservation of Residential Buildings in Hot and Cold Winter Areas and GB50189-2005 "Design Standards for Energy Conservation of Public Buildings" require thermal performance of exterior walls of buildings in hot summer and cold winter areas.

Example 3

In the block 3, thermal insulation materials are compounded in the four holes. It is particularly pointed out that in the process of making the mold, according to Figure (7), in the thickness direction, at the two semi-closed holes, as shown in the figure, each of the four vertices protrudes from the base of 20mm in length and 25mm in width. Wood, used to fix the insulation material in these two semi-closed holes. Others are all the same as in Example 1.

Through the block detection of above-mentioned embodiment 3, its performance is as follows:

(1) The density grade meets the density requirements of small lightweight aggregate concrete blocks;

(2) The intensity level reaches the standard;

(3) Use 240mm thick blocks and 22mm thick cement mortar to plaster the block wall. The heat transfer coefficient K value of the wall is 0.258W/(m ² ·K), and the thermal performance meets JGJ134-2010《 Design Standards for Energy Conservation of Residential Buildings in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Areas and GB50189-2005 "Design Standards for Energy Conservation of Public Buildings" require thermal performance of building exterior walls in hot summer and cold winter areas.

It is proved by inspection that under the condition of ensuring light weight, the present invention has good mechanical and physical properties, and all performance indexes meet the requirements of building self-insulating blocks.

Claims (9)

1. the X-type that a profit is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: the making raw material of described building block matrix adopt the solid waste such as flyash, slag, building waste and cement to form according to suppressing after certain grating mix, the weight portion of its each raw material is according to the following ratio: cement 17 ~ 30 parts, building waste 20 ~ 30 parts, 25 ~ 40 parts, flyash, 10 ~ 20 parts, slag, water reducing agent 1.0 ~ 1.5 parts, exciting agent 2.0 ~ 3.0 parts, water/binder ratio 0.3 ~ 0.35, take full advantage of building waste resource, make building waste, the materials such as slag are turned waste into wealth.

2. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: the internal rib frame of described building block is diagonal row, present four " triangle " holes, thus can be good at the stress performance improving block, make to can be good at power transmission between block, improve bulk strength and the stability of masonry panel.

3. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: when any heat insulating material of not compound, its energy-saving effect is higher than common building block by 20%; When after compound insulating material in two cap holes, its energy-saving effect is higher than common building block by 55%; If all equal compound insulating materials of hole, its energy-saving effect will exceed common building block 80%, can save the heating energy consumption of 50%-80% in different regions.

4. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: not through in the middle of the both sides of building block, the base material that bottom stays 25mm high, gains in strength, and the heat insulating material of fixing compound.

5. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: if whole equal compound insulating material of hole, then long 20mm is respectively stretched out at four summits place, the base material of wide 25mm, for fixing the heat insulating material in these two semiclosed holes.

6. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, and it is characterized in that: when building horizontal stalk by laying bricks or stones, the heat bridge of the horizontal mortar joint between neighboring walls building block is cut off, thus has cut off the transmission of heat.

7. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: described walling unit is that mould is built shaping, this block structure is simple, so the mould made also compares simple and convenient, adopt substrate material according to claim 1, X-type building-block is obtained, then according to thermal property and the corresponding heat insulating material of power conservation requirement compound after metering, stirring, compacting, vibration moulding and maintenance.

8. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: described walling unit is lighter than the ordinary concrete building block of same intensity grade, therefore effectively structural internal force can be reduced, reduce beam, post load weight, reduce the expense of based process.

9. the X-type that a kind of profit according to claim 1 is useless is hollow/the energy-saving building block of composite self-insulation, it is characterized in that: described heat insulating material can be extruded polystyrene board (XPS), molding polyphenyl plate (EPS), polyurethane or foamed concrete.