CN105165832B - 琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂在控制核盘菌属真菌中的应用 - Google Patents
琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂在控制核盘菌属真菌中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105165832B CN105165832B CN201510459602.8A CN201510459602A CN105165832B CN 105165832 B CN105165832 B CN 105165832B CN 201510459602 A CN201510459602 A CN 201510459602A CN 105165832 B CN105165832 B CN 105165832B
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
- A01N37/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides containing at least one oxygen or sulfur atom being directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/56—1,2-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，尤其是氟吡菌酰胺，在控制核盘菌属真菌中的应用，还涉及为控制核盘菌属真菌处理植物或植物部位的方法，还涉及为控制种子中和由种子长成的植物中的核盘菌属真菌处理种子的方法，其中所述种子经琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂处理。
Description
本申请是申请日为2010年5月26日，申请号为201080024517.4，发明名称为“琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂在控制核盘菌属真菌中的应用”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂尤其是氟吡菌酰胺(fluopyram)，在控制核盘菌属真菌(Sclerotinia ssp.)中的应用，还涉及处理植物或植物部位以控制核盘菌属真菌的方法，还涉及通过用琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂处理种子，控制种子中和由种子长成的植物中的核盘菌属真菌的方法。
背景技术
核盘菌属真菌(Sclerotinia ssp.)，尤其是核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的菌核大小为5-20mm，有些情况下甚至更大。借助菌核真菌可在土壤中、受感染的植物残体或多年生杂草上生存。如果潮湿的条件持续几个星期，核盘菌可以形成有性世代(sexualstage)：由菌核发育的一至几厘米大小的具有子囊孢子的子囊盘。在菌核萌发期，温度必须在6℃和约15℃之间。菌核的荫蔽和潮湿的土壤是萌发的最佳条件。子囊孢子最终被释放，并可能导致叶和茎的感染，前提是它们侵染弱的植物组织或伤口。陷入叶叉和侧枝的凋落的花会促进孢子定植，并最终使其萌发。真菌生长的最佳温度为约20℃，但它仍然可在0℃生长。菌核可在土壤中存活长达10年。
一个突出的标志是使植物泛黄，其植物也迅速变得早熟。在这样的植物中，可在主枝的下部观察到整个茎由灰色至棕色的变色。这些茎变色部分的内部一般是空心的，白色、棉花样的真菌菌丝体增殖遍布其中。在菌丝体中形成黑色的小颗粒菌核。在空气湿度高或在持续潮湿的天气中，在植物上出现的菌丝体和菌核也在茎的外部形成。
除了对油菜，核盘菌对向日葵、蚕豆(broad bean)、大豆、豌豆和苜蓿以及多种不同蔬菜作物也具有重大的经济意义。杂草也受到影响。
核盘菌几乎出现在温带气候区的所有草本作物植物中，是大豆栽培中危害最严重的病原体之一。
因此，人们迫切需要足以控制作物植物，例如油菜、向日葵、蚕豆、大豆、豌豆、苜蓿和多种不同蔬菜作物中的核盘菌属真菌尤其是核盘菌的杀真菌剂。更优选控制大豆中的核盘菌。
WO 03/010149公开了式I的甲酰胺在控制转基因植物例如大豆、油菜(第44-46页)中的真菌例如核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)(第31页第1行)中的应用。根据本发明，所有的植物、植物部位和/或繁殖材料均经处理。在第36-42页公开了将上述甲酰胺混合复配，作为一系列杀真菌剂。然而，从该出版物的教导中无法显而易见得出哪些具体的甲酰胺适合处理核盘菌属真菌。
WO 2006/015865公开了包括琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂的混合物，例如环丙吡菌胺(sedaxan)和其它抗核盘菌属真菌(第59页第7行)的活性化合物(权利要求1-10)，用于处理草、大豆、油菜、向日葵、豆类(第58页，第4行)。第51-52页公开了转基因植物及其处理。然而，从该出版物的教导中无法显而易见得出哪些具体的甲酰胺适合处理核盘菌属真菌。更具体地，没有明确公开环丙吡菌胺处理核盘菌属真菌的稳定性。
EP-A-1 389 614公开了吡啶乙基苯甲酰胺(pyridinilethylbenzamide)杀真菌剂的衍生物，例如氟吡菌酰胺(权利要求1-15)，其用于防治例如大豆植物(第6页第4行)上的核盘菌类真菌(第6页第38-39行)。然而，从该出版物的教导中无法显而易见得出哪些具体的吡啶乙基苯甲酰胺杀真菌剂适合处理核盘菌属真菌。更具体地，没有明确公开氟吡菌酰胺处理核盘菌属真菌的稳定性。
WO 2007/1017231公开了式I的甲酰胺(权利要求1-32)在植物例如大豆、油菜和向日葵(第16页第27-30行)中，用于种子处理以防治真菌如核盘菌的应用。权利要求8中公开了将上述甲酰胺混合复配，作为一系列杀真菌剂。然而，从该出版物的教导中无法显而易见得出哪些具体的式I的甲酰胺适合处理核盘菌属真菌。
WO 2006/131221公开了式I的甲酰胺例如琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂啶酰菌胺(boscalid)和吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)(权利要求4)用于控制大豆植物中的锈菌类，例如核盘菌(第28页第29行至第29页第12行)。可以进行处理的转基因植物，例如大豆植物，同样被公开(第2段，第37页，权利要求6)。在第2段，第36页公开了种子处理。第31-32页公开了将上述甲酰胺混合复配，作为一系列杀真菌剂。然而，从该出版物的教导中无法显而易见得出哪些具体的式I的甲酰胺适合处理核盘菌属真菌。更具体地，没有明确公开啶酰菌胺或吡噻菌胺处理核盘菌属真菌的稳定性。
WO 2007/118069公开了一种通过式I的活性甲酰胺(如吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam))处理草或草种子防治真菌例如核盘菌属真菌(权利要求11-15)的方法。第19-20页公开了将上述甲酰胺混合复配，作为一系列杀真菌剂。然而，从该出版物的教导中无法显而易见得出无论哪些具体的式I的甲酰胺适合处理核盘菌属真菌。
JP 2008/133237公开了一种通过吡唑甲酰胺类，例如吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)[0001]，针对植物例如豆类进行土壤处理以防治核盘菌类真菌[0007]的方法。
发明内容
令人惊奇地发现，选自氟吡菌酰胺、吡唑萘菌胺(isopyrazam)、啶酰菌胺(boscalid)、N-[2-(1,3-二甲基丁基)苯基]-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、环丙吡菌胺(sedaxan)、N-(3',4'-二氯二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2',4'-二氯二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(3',4',5'-三氟二苯基-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、氟酰胺(flutolanil)以及联苯吡菌胺(bixafen)，尤其是氟吡菌酰胺的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，非常适合控制作物植物中，例如油菜、向日葵、蚕豆、大豆、豌豆、苜蓿和蔬菜作物，尤其是大豆中的核盘菌属真菌、尤其是核盘菌。
具体实施方式
然而，上述植物仅为示例实例。原则上，用琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂可以处理受核盘菌属真菌感染的任何植物。
已发现将氟吡菌酰胺用于控制大豆中的核盘菌特别有利。
在本发明可选的实施方案中，包括丙硫菌唑(prothioconazole)以及选自嘧菌酯(azoxystrobin)、啶氧菌酯(picoxystrobin)、吡唑醚菌酯(pyraclostrobin)、异菌脲(iprodione)、咯菌腈(fludioxonyl)、丙环唑(propiconazole)、氟环唑(epoxiconazole)、环唑醇(cyproconazole)、戊唑醇(tebuconazole)、腐霉利(procimidone)(来自住友(Sumitomo)的Sialex)、氟啶胺(fluazinam)、多菌灵(carbendazim)、苯氧菌胺(metaminostrobin)的其它杀真菌剂的组合可以用于控制大豆中的核盘菌。
更优选地，丙硫菌唑和肟菌酯(trifloxystrobin)的组合适用于控制大豆中的核盘菌。
因此本发明提供琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，尤其是氟吡菌酰胺，在控制核盘菌中的应用。
在本发明的上下文中，琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂为在线粒体呼吸链中对琥珀酸脱氢酶具有抑制作用的所有活性成分。在本发明优选的实施方案中，琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂选自氟吡菌酰胺、吡唑萘菌胺、啶酰菌胺、吡噻菌胺、N-[2-(1,3-二甲基丁基)苯基]-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、环丙吡菌胺、N-(3',4'-二氯二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2',4'-二氯二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(3',4',5'-三氟二苯基-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、氟酰胺和联苯吡菌胺，以及这些化合物的混合物。在本发明尤其优选的实施方案中，所述琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂为氟吡菌酰胺。
EP-A-1 389 614描述了化学名称为N-{[3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶基]-乙基}-2,6-二氯苯甲酰胺的氟吡菌酰胺，及其由市售起始原料开始进行制备的适当方法。
WO 03/070705描述了化学名称为N-(3',4'-二氯-5-氟-1,1'-二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺的联苯吡菌胺，及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当制备方法。
WO 03/010149描述了N-[2-(1,3-二甲基丁基)苯基]-5-氟-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(戊苯吡菌胺，penflufen)及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当方法。
环丙吡菌胺为包括2′-[(1RS,2RS)-1,1′-二环丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰苯胺的两个顺式异构体和2′-[(1RS,2SR)-1,1′-二环丙-2-基]-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基吡唑-4-甲酰苯胺的两个反式异构体的混合物。WO 03/074491、WO 2006/015865和WO2006/015866描述了环丙吡菌胺及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当方法。
吡唑萘菌胺为包括3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(1RS,4SR,9RS)-1,2,3,4-四氢-9-异丙基-1,4-亚甲基萘(methanonaphthalen)-5-基]吡唑-4-甲酰胺的两个同式(syn)异构体和3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[(1RS,4SR,9SR)-1,2,3,4-四氢-9-异丙基-1,4-亚甲基萘-5-基]吡唑-4-甲酰胺的两个反式异构体的混合物。WO 2004/035589描述了吡唑萘菌胺及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当方法。
EP-A-0 737 682描述了化学名称为(RS)-N-[2-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-3-噻吩基]-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-甲酰胺的吡噻菌胺及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当制备方法。
DE-A 195 31 813描述了化学名称为2-氯-N-(4′-氯二苯基-2-基)烟酰胺的啶酰菌胺及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当方法。
N-[2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺是4个立体异构体的混合物。WO 2008/148570描述了其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当方法。立体异构体N-[(1R,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-(+)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-[(1S,2R)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-(-)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺；N-[(1R,2R)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-(-)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺和N-[(1S,2S)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2-甲氧基-1-甲基乙基]-(+)-3-二氟甲基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺可以通过HPLC采用手性固定相彼此分离，如WO 2010/000612中所描述。
WO 2005/123690描述了N-(3',4'-二氯二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、N-(2',4'-二氯二苯基-2-基)-3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-N-[2-(1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙氧基)苯基]-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-[2-(1,1,2,2-四氟乙氧基)苯基]-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺、3-(二氟甲基)-1-甲基-N-(3',4',5'-三氟二苯基-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺(氟苯吡菌胺，fluxapyroxad)及其由市售起始原料进行制备的适当方法。
本发明的上下文中，“控制核盘菌属真菌”是指与未处理的植物相比，能显著的降低核盘菌属真菌的感染，优选地与未处理的植物(100％)相比，显著降低(降低40-79％)；更优选地，核盘菌属真菌的感染被彻底抑制(抑制70-100％)。该控制可以是治疗性的，即用于处理已经感染的植物，或者是保护性的，用于保护尚未受感染的植物。
更优选地，通过喷施应用、种子处理、滴灌和喷淋应用、化学灌溉，即通过将活性成分添加到灌溉用水、以及水培/矿物系统中，本发明的应用对植物和植物部位或种子表现出优势。
本发明的上下文中，适当的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，与包括杀虫剂、杀真菌剂和杀细菌剂、肥料、生长调节剂的物质的结合，可以同样用于控制植物疾病。另外同样可以将适当的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，与基因改良的栽培品种，尤其是转基因大豆栽培品种结合应用。
在本发明的上下文中，植物优选地应理解为叶子发育时期或发育后的植物(根据德国联邦农林业生物研究中心，第2版，2001，BBCH专论(BBCH monograph from the GermanFederal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry,2nd edition,2001)，为BBCH 10期或之后)。在本发明的上下文中，术语“植物”也可以理解为种子或幼苗。
在一个实施方案中，例如，可以将本发明提出的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，喷施应用到适当的待处理的植物或植物部位。
本发明提出的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂优选氟吡菌酰胺的应用，优选剂量在0.01-3kg/ha，更优选在0.05-2kg/ha，尤其优选在0.1-1kg/ha起效。
根据其具体的物理和/或化学性质，琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，根据本发明可以转化为常规制剂，如溶液、乳液、悬浮液、散剂、泡沫剂、膏剂、颗粒剂、气雾剂和用于种子的高分子物质和包衣材料的微封装剂，以及ULV冷暖雾化制剂。
这些制剂可以通过已知方式制备，例如将活性成分与填充剂混合，即液体溶剂、减压下的液化气和/或固体载体，任选使用表面活性剂，即乳化剂和/或分散剂，和/或发泡剂。如果使用的填充剂为水，也可以使用例如有机溶剂作为辅助溶剂。有用的液体溶剂大体为：芳烃如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘，氯代芳烃或氯代脂肪烃如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷，脂肪烃如环己烷或石蜡，例如矿物油馏分，醇类如丁醇或甘醇及其醚类和酯类，酮类如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮，强极性溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲亚砜，或者水。液化气体填充剂或载体应理解为那些在标准温度和标准压力下为气态的液体，例如气雾推进剂，如卤代烃、或者丁烷、丙烷、氮气和二氧化碳。有用的固体载体为：例如天然岩石粉，如高岭土、粘土、滑石、防滑粉、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土，以及合成的岩石粉，如细磨二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐。颗粒剂中有用的固体载体：例如粉碎的和分异的(fractionated)天然岩石，如方解石、浮石、大理石、海泡石、白云石，及合成的无机和有机粉状颗粒，以及有机物质颗粒，如锯末、椰子壳、玉米棒子和烟草秸秆。有用的乳化剂和/或泡沫发生剂为：例如非离子和阴离子乳化剂，如聚氧乙基烯脂肪酸酯类、聚氧乙基烯脂肪醇醚类，例如烷基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、或其它蛋白水解物。有用的分散剂包括：例如木质素亚硫酸盐废液(lignosulphite waste liquors)和甲基纤维素。
在制剂中可以使用增粘剂，如羧甲基纤维素，散剂、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然和合成聚合物如阿拉伯树胶，聚乙烯醇和聚醋酸乙烯，或其它天然磷脂如脑磷脂和卵磷脂，以及合成的磷脂。进一步的添加剂可以是矿物油和蔬菜。
可以使用着色剂如无机颜料，例如氧化铁、二氧化钛和普鲁士蓝，以及有机染料如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料，以及微量营养素如铁、锰、硼、铜、钴、钼和锌的盐。
制剂中含有的活性成分重量一般为0.1-95％，优选地为0.5-90％。
种子处理
处理植物的种子已经为人所知很久了，并且是不断改进的主题。然而，在种子处理中还有一些问题总是不能得到令人满意的解决。例如，需要开发一种保护种子和发芽植物以及最终植物或植物部位的方法，该方法在播种后或植物发芽后，就能避免或至少显著减少额外使用作物保护产品。此外，还需要优化活性化合物的使用量，以便最大化地保护种子和发芽植物免受核盘菌属真菌的侵袭，且使用的活性成分不会损害植物本身。
因此，更优选地，本发明涉及通过用琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂处理种子以控制由种子长成的植物中核盘菌属真菌的方法。该种子更优选地为，例如，大豆的种子。
本发明同样涉及琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂在处理种子以控制种子及由其长成的发芽植物和植物或植物部位中的核盘菌属真菌的应用。
本发明的优势之一是基于琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂优选氟吡菌酰胺的特有的内吸性，用琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂优选用氟吡菌酰胺处理种子，不仅可以控制种子自身的核盘菌属真菌，还可以控制发芽后源于该种子的植物的核盘菌属真菌。用这种方式，在播种时或播种后短时间内立即处理作物就不必要了。
同样也视为优势的是琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂优选氟吡菌酰胺，可以特别地应用于转基因种子。
琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，适于保护农业、温室、森林或园林业中使用的任何植物品种的种子。更优选地，是谷类(如小麦、大麦、黑麦、小米和燕麦)、玉米、棉花、大豆、水稻、土豆、向日葵、黄豆、咖啡、甜菜(例如糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜)、花生、蔬菜(例如西红柿、黄瓜、洋葱和莴苣)、草坪草以及观赏植物的种子。进一步优选处理谷类(如小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦)、玉米以及水稻的种子。
在本发明的上下文中，琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，可单独或以适当的制剂应用于种子。优选地，种子在足够稳定以避免处理中受损害的状态下进行处理。一般地，可以在采收和播种之间的任何时候处理种子。通常使用已从植物体中分离并且除去穗轴、壳、茎、表皮、毛或果肉的种子。例如可以使用已被采摘、清洁及干燥的、含水量低于15wt％的种子。或者是，也可以使用干燥后，例如被水处理然后再次干燥的种子。
处理种子时，通常必须确保施用于种子的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂优选氟吡菌酰胺和/或其它添加剂所选择的量，以不会伤害种子发芽，或者不会损害生成的植株为度。尤其要注意在特定施用率的情况下可能具有植物毒性效应的活性成分。
琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，可以直接施用，即无需含有任何额外的成分，也无需稀释。通常，优选以适宜的制剂形式将琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，施用于种子。适宜的制剂及种子的处理方法是本领域技术人员公知的，且描述于例如下列文献中：US 4,272,417 A、US 4,245,432 A、US 4,808,430 A、US 5,876,739 A、US 2003/0176428 A1、WO 2002/080675 A1、WO 2002/028186 A2。
本发明可使用的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，可被转化成常规拌种剂，如溶液、乳剂、悬浮液、散剂、泡沫剂、浆液或其它种子包衣材料，以及超低容量喷雾剂(ULV)。
这些制剂可以将活性成分或活性成分组合物与常规添加剂混合通过已知方式制备，常规添加剂为，例如常规填充剂和溶剂或稀释剂、着色剂、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、粘合剂、赤霉素以及水。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还可以含有适宜的着色剂，包括为此目的常规使用的所有着色剂。可使用微溶于水的颜料和溶于水的染料。实例包括如下已知的着色剂：玫瑰红(Rhodamine)B、C.I.颜料红(Pigment Red)112以及C.I.苏丹红(Solvent Red)1。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还可以含有适宜的润湿剂，包括能提升湿度且在农用化学活性成分制剂中常规使用的所有物质，优选可用的为烷基萘磺酸盐，如二异丙基磺酸盐或二异丁基萘磺酸盐。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还可以含有适宜的分散剂和/或乳化剂，包括在农用化学活性成分制剂中常规使用的所有的非离子、阴离子及阳离子分散剂。优选使用非离子或阴离子分散剂或者非离子或阴离子分散剂的混合物。适合的非离子分散剂优选包括环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段聚合物、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚和三苯乙烯酚聚乙二醇醚，及其磷酸盐或硫酸盐衍生物。适合的阴离子分散剂优选木质素磺酸盐、聚丙烯酸盐，以及芳基磺酸酯-甲醛缩合物。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还可以含有的适宜的消泡剂，包括为此目的用于农用化学活性成分制剂的所有泡沫抑制物。优选使用硅胶消泡剂和硬脂酸镁。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还可以含有适宜的防腐剂，包括为此目的常规用于农用化学制剂的所有物质。实例包括二氯酚和苯甲醇半缩甲醛。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还可以含有适用的二次增稠剂，包括为此目的用于农用化学制剂的所有物质。优选的实例包括纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、黄原胶、改性粘土和细磨二氧化硅。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还含有适用的粘合剂，包括能用于拌种剂组合物的所有常规粘合剂。优选的实例包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和羟乙基纤维素(tylose)。
本发明使用的拌种剂中还含有适宜的赤霉素，优选赤霉素A1、A3(＝伪赤霉酸)、A4和A7，特别优选伪赤霉酸。赤霉素是已知的(参见，R.Weglaer“Chemie derPflanzenschutz-und-smittel”[作物保护化学和害虫控制组合物(Chemistry of Crop Protection and Pest Control Compositions)],Vol.2,Springer Verlag,1970,pp.401-412)。
本发明使用的拌种剂可以直接使用或用水稀释后处理众多不同种类的种子。例如，可用浓缩物或用水稀释该浓缩物制得的制剂对谷物类种子进行拌种，如小麦、大麦、黑麦、燕麦和黑小麦的种子，以及玉米、水稻、油菜、豌豆、黄豆、棉花、向日葵和甜菜的种子，或其它众多不同种类的蔬菜种子。本发明使用的拌种剂或它们的稀释剂也可用于转基因植物种子的拌种。在这种情况下，与通过表达所形成物质的相互作用还可产生另外的协同效应。
用本发明使用的拌种剂或对上述拌种剂加水制备的制剂处理种子，所有常规用于拌种的混合设备都可使用。具体的拌种程序为：将种子置于混合器中，加入拌种制剂本身或事先用水稀释后的具体所需的用量，然后进行混合直到制剂均匀分布到种子上。接下来可以进行干燥操作。
本发明使用的拌种剂的施用率可以在相对较宽的范围内变化。这取决于制剂中活性成分的具体浓度和种子。通常，活性成分组合物的施用率为每千克种子中0.001～50g，优选每千克种子中0.01～15g。
本发明尤其优选的是处理可商业获得或使用的植物或植物栽培品种。植物栽培品种应被理解为具有新的特性(“性状”)并通过常规育种、通过诱变育种或借助重组DNA技术获得的植物。因此，作物植物可以是通过常规育种和优化方法，或者通过生物技术和基因工程方法或其结合的方法获得的植物，包括转基因植物以及可以或不可以获得植物品种权保护的植物品种。
因此，本发明的方法可以用于处理基因改良的生物体(GMOs)，例如植物或种子。基因改良的植物(或转基因植物)是外源基因稳定的整合到染色体组的植物。术语“外源基因”本质上是一种基因，该基因是在植株体外提供或重组的，其一旦导入到细胞核基因组，通过表达目的蛋白质或多肽，或者通过植物中存在的另一个基因或植物中存在的其它基因被下调或者沉默(例如通过：反义技术、共抑制技术或RNAi技术(RNA干扰))，在转化的植物的叶绿体基因组或粒线体基因组中赋予新的或改良的农艺或其它性状。存在于基因组中的外源基因也称为转移基因。根据其在植物基因组中的特定位置，转移基因被称为基因转化或转基因事件(event)。
本发明优选处理的植物和植物栽培品种包括所有的植物，所述植物具有能将特定的有利和有用的性状传递给其它植物的遗传信息(是否通过育种和/或生物技术方式培育获得并不重要)。
本发明还可处理的植物与植物栽培品种为对一种或多种非生物胁迫具有抗性的植物。非生物胁迫的因素可以包括如干旱、低温暴露、热暴露、渗透压力、水涝、土壤高盐分、高矿物浓度、臭氧、强光暴露、氮营养元素供给受限、磷营养元素供给受限或荫避。
本发明可处理的植物与植物栽培品种为具有增加的产量这一性状特征的植物。所述植物中增加的产量可为如改善植物生理、生长与发育，如水分利用率、保水率、改善氮利用率、提高碳同化作用、改善光合作用、提高发芽率和加快成熟的结果。可通过改善株型(胁迫下与非胁迫条件下)来进一步影响产量，包括但不限于，提早开花、控制开花以产生杂交种子、幼苗活力、植物大小、节间数量与距离、根部生长、种子大小、果实大小、果荚大小、果荚或穗数量、每荚或每穗的种子数量、种子质量、加强种子饱满度、减少种子散落、减少果荚开裂与抗倒伏。其它产量性状包括种子成分，如碳水化合物含量、蛋白质含量、油含量与成分、营养价值、降低不良营养素化合物、改善可加工性和提高贮存稳定性。
可根据本发明处理的植物为已表现出异源或杂种优势性状的杂交植物，所述杂交植物一般可为高产量、活力、健康及对生物和非生物胁迫因素具有抗性。所述植物通常为通过将雄性不育自交系亲本(母本)与其它雄性可育自交系亲本(父本)杂交制得。杂交种子通常收获自雄性不育亲本，然后出售给种植者。雄性不育植物(例如玉米)有时可通过去雄制得，即通过机械去除雄性繁殖器官(或雄花)，但更为常见的是植物基因组中基因决定子造成雄性不育。这种情况下，尤其当杂交植物中收获的种子为所需产物时，其通常可确保含有负责雄性可育性的基因决定子的杂交植物完全恢复雄性可育性。这可以通过确保父本具有适当育性恢复基因，其可使含有负责雄性不育的基因决定子的杂交植物恢复雄性可育性来完成。雄性不育基因决定子可以位于细胞质中。细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的实例在如芸苔属(Brassica)植物中已有描述(WO 1992/005251、WO 1995/009910、WO 1998/27806、WO 2005/002324、WO 2006/021972 and US 6,229,072)。然而，雄性不育基因决定子也可位于细胞核基因组中。雄性不育植物也可采用植物生物技术方法获得，如基因工程。获得雄性不育植物的特别适用的方法公开于WO 89/10396，其中例如核糖核酸酶，如芽孢杆菌RNA酶(barnase)选择性地在雄蕊的绒毡层细胞中进行表达。通过核糖核酸酶抑制子，如芽孢杆菌RNA酶抑制剂(barstar)在绒毡层细胞中的表达即可恢复育性(例如WO 1991/002069)。
本发明可处理的植物或者植物栽培品种(可由植物生物技术方法，如基因工程获得)为除草剂耐受性植物，即可以耐受一种或多种特定除草剂的植物。所述植物可采用转基因方法或筛选包含除草剂抗性突变的植物获得。
除草剂-抗性植物为例如草甘膦抗性植物，即可以抗草甘膦除草剂或其盐的植物。例如，草甘膦抗性植物可通过在植物中转化编码5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸酯合酶(EPSPS)的基因获得。所述EPSPS基因的实例为沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)的AroA基因(突变株CT7)(Comai等人,Science(1983),221,370-371)、农杆菌属(Agrobacteriumsp.)细菌的CP4基因(Barry等人,Curr.Topics Plant Physiol.(1992),7,139-145)、编码矮牵牛EPSPS(Shah等人,Science(1986),233,478-481)、西红柿EPSPS(Gasser等人,J.Biol.Chem.(1988),263,4280-4289)或牛筋草EPSPS(WO 2001/66704)的基因。其也可为突变的EPSPS，例如描述于EP-A 0837944、WO 2000/066746、WO 2000/066747或WO 2002/026995。草甘膦抗性植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦氧化还原酶的基因获得，描述于US 5,776,760和US 5,463,175。草甘膦抗性植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦乙酰基转移酶的基因获得，描述于例如WO 2002/036782、WO 2003/092360、WO 2005/012515和WO 2007/024782。草甘膦抗性植物还可通过筛选包含上述基因的天然突变的植物获得，描述于例如WO 2001/024615或WO 2003/013226。
其它除草剂抗性植物，如已经制备的耐受抑制谷氨酰胺合成酶的除草剂，如双丙胺膦、草铵膦或草丁膦的植物。所述植物的制备方法可以通过表达可解除除草剂毒性的酶或可抗该抑制的突变谷氨酰胺合成酶而获得。其中一种有效解除毒性的酶为例如编码草铵膦乙酰转移酶(如来自链霉菌属(Streptomyces)的bar或pat蛋白)。US 5,561,236；US 5,648,477；US 5,646,024；US 5,273,894；US 5,637,489；US 5,276,268；US 5,739,082；US5,908,810和US 7,112,665也描述了表达外源草铵膦乙酰转移酶的植物。
进一步的除草剂抗性植物也可以是已经制备的耐受抑制对-羟苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD)的除草剂的植物。对-羟苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶催化对-羟苯基丙酮酸酯(HPP)转化成黑尿酸。根据WO 1996/038567、WO 1999/024585和WO 1999/024586，耐HPPD抑制剂的植物可通过转化编码天然抗性HPPD酶的基因或编码突变的HPPD酶的基因而获得。尽管HPPD抑制剂抑制天然HPPD酶，用编码某些能够形成黑尿酸的酶的基因转化植物，也可获得对HPPD抑制剂的耐性。这些植物和基因描述于WO 1999/034008和WO 2002/36787中。WO 2004/024928中描述了植物对HPPD抑制剂的耐性，除了通过编码HPPD-耐受酶的基因转化植物外，也可通过用编码预苯酸脱氢酶的基因转化植物得到改良。
其它除草剂抗性植物可以是已经制备的耐乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)抑制剂的植物。已知的ALS-抑制剂包括例如磺脲类、咪唑啉酮类、三唑并嘧啶类、嘧啶基氧(硫)苯甲酸酯类和/或磺酰基胺基羰基三唑啉酮类除草剂。已知不同ALS酶的突变体(也称为乙酰基羟基酸合成酶，AHAS)可对不同除草剂和不同类除草剂赋予耐受性，描述于例如Tranel和Wright，杂草科学(Weed Science)(2002),50,700-712，以及US 5,605,011、US 5,378,824、US 5,141,870和US 5,013,659。US 5,605,011、US 5,013,659、US 5,141,870、US 5,767,361、US5,731,180、US 5,304,732、US 4,761,373、US 5,331,107、US 5,928,937和US 5,378,824中，以及国际公开文本WO 1996/033270中公开了磺脲类耐受植物与咪唑啉酮类耐受植物的制备。其它咪唑啉酮类耐受植物也描述于例如WO 2004/040012、WO 2004/106529、WO 2005/020673、WO 2005/093093、WO 2006/007373、WO 2006/015376、WO 2006/024351和WO 2006/060634。其它磺脲类和咪唑啉酮类耐受植物也描述于例如WO 2007/024782。
其它耐咪唑啉酮类和/或磺脲类的植物可通过诱变、在除草剂存在下进行细胞培养选择，或者诱变育种获得，例如，对于大豆，描述于US 5,084,082中；对于水稻，描述于WO1997/41218中；对于甜菜，描述于US 5,773,702和WO 1999/057965中；对于莴苣，描述于US5,198,599中；或者对于向日葵，描述于WO 2001/065922中。
本发明还可处理的植物或植物栽培品种(由植物生物技术方法，如：基因工程获得)为抗虫转基因植物，即对某些目标昆虫侵害具有抗性的植物。这类植物可通过转基因方法，或筛选含有抗虫性突变的植物得到。
本文所用的术语“抗虫转基因植物”包括任何包含至少一种转基因的植物，所述转基因包含编码下述的编码序列：
1)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的杀虫结晶蛋白或其杀虫部分，如记载于Crickmore等，微生物学与分子生物学综述(Microbiology and MolecularBiology Reviews)(1998),62,807-813，由Crickmore等(2005)在苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素命名(Bacillus thuringiensis toxin nomenclature)中更新，网址：http：//www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/)的杀虫结晶蛋白或其杀虫部分，例如Cry蛋白类的蛋白Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab、Cry3Ae或Cry3Bb或其杀虫部分；或
2)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的结晶蛋白或其部分，其在来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的第二种其它结晶蛋白或其部分的存在下具有杀虫性，如由Cry34与Cry35结晶蛋白组成的二元毒素(Moellenbeck等，Nat.Biotechnol.(2001),19,668-72；Schnepf等，AppliedEnvironm.Microb.(2006),71,1765-1774)；或
3)包含来自苏云金芽孢杆菌的不同杀虫结晶蛋白如上述1)的杂种蛋白或上述2)的杂种蛋白的杂种杀虫蛋白，例如由玉米事件MON98034(WO 2007/027777)产生的Cry1A.105蛋白；或
4)上述1)至3)项中的任一蛋白质，其中有些氨基酸，特别是1-10氨基酸已被另一个氨基酸替换，可对目标昆虫产生更高杀虫活性，和/或可扩大受影响的目标昆虫的范围，和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中编码DNA中引起的改变，如：玉米品种MON863或MON88017的Cry3Bb1蛋白，或玉米品种MIR604的Cry3A蛋白；或
5)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的杀虫分泌蛋白质或其杀虫部分，如：营养期杀虫蛋白(VIP)，其列于：http：//www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html，如：来自VIP3Aa蛋白类的蛋白；或
6)来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的分泌蛋白质，其在来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的第二分泌蛋白的存在下具有杀虫性，如：由VIP1A与VIP2A蛋白组成的二元毒素(WO 1994/21795)；或
7)包含来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的包括不同分泌蛋白的部分的杂种杀虫蛋白，如包括：上述1)的杂种蛋白或上述2)的杂种蛋白；或
8)上述1)至3)项中任一蛋白质，其中有些氨基酸，特别是1-10氨基酸已被另一个氨基酸替换，可对目标昆虫产生更高杀虫活性，和/或可扩大受影响的目标昆虫范围，和/或在克隆或转化过程中编码的DNA中引起的改变(但仍可编码杀虫蛋白)，如：棉花品种COT102的VIP3Aa蛋白。
当然，本文所述的抗虫转基因植物也包括含有编码上述1至8类任一种蛋白的基因组合的任何植物。在一个具体实施方案中，抗虫转基因植物含有多种编码上述1至8类任一种蛋白的转移基因，通过对同一类目标昆虫使用不同的杀虫蛋白，但具有不同的作用模式，如结合到昆虫中不同受体结合位点，以扩大受影响的目标昆虫物种的范围或延缓昆虫对植物的抗性发展。
本发明还可处理的植物或植物栽培品种(由植物生物技术方法，如基因工程获得)可以抗非生物胁迫因素。所述植物可通过转基因的方法或筛选具有抗上述胁迫的突变体而获得。特别有用的抗胁迫的植物包括：
a.包含可以降低聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)基因在植物细胞或植物中的表达/或活性的转基因的植物，描述于WO 2000/004173或EP 04077984.5或EP 06009836.5；
b.包含可以降低植物或植物细胞的PARG编码基因的表达和/或活性的抗胁迫能力增强的转基因的植物，例如描述于WO 2004/090140；
c.包含编码烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸补救合成途径的植物功能性酶，包括烟酰胺酶、烟酸酯核糖磷酸转化酶、烟酸单核苷酸腺嘌呤基转化酶、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸合成酶或烟碱酰胺核糖磷酸转化酶的抗胁迫能力增强的转基因的植物，描述于例如EP04077624.7或WO 2006/133827或PCT/EP07/002433。
本发明还可处理的植物或植物栽培品种(由植物生物技术方法制得，如基因工程获得)所收获的产品表现出产量、质量和/或贮存稳定性得到改变和/或改变所收获的产品的特定成分的性状，如：
1)合成改性淀粉的转基因植物，其相对于野生型植物细胞或植物所合成的淀粉，已在物理化学特性上，特别是直链淀粉含量或直链淀粉/支链淀粉比例、分支程度、平均链长、侧链分布、黏度表现、胶凝强度、淀粉粒大小和/或淀粉粒形态等方面均已改变，因此更适于特殊用途。合成改性淀粉的所述转基因植物描述于例如，EP 0571427、WO 1995/004826、EP 0719338、WO 1996/15248、WO 1996/19581、WO 1996/27674、WO 1997/11188、WO1997/26362、WO 1997/32985、WO 1997/42328、WO 1997/44472、WO 1997/45545、WO 1998/27212、WO 1998/40503、WO 99/58688、WO 1999/58690、WO 1999/58654、WO 2000/008184、WO2000/008185、WO 2000/28052、WO 2000/77229、WO 2001/12782、WO 2001/12826、WO 2002/101059、WO 2003/071860、WO 2004/056999、WO 2005/030942、WO 2005/030941、WO 2005/095632、WO 2005/095617、WO 2005/095619、WO 2005/095618、WO 2005/123927、WO 2006/018319、WO 2006/103107、WO 2006/108702、WO 2007/009823、WO 2000/22140、WO 2006/063862、WO 2006/072603、WO 2002/034923、EP 06090134.5、EP 06090228.5、EP06090227.7、EP 07090007.1、EP 07090009.7、WO 2001/14569、WO 2002/79410、WO 2003/33540、WO 2004/078983、WO 2001/19975、WO 1995/26407、WO 1996/34968、WO 1998/20145、WO 1999/12950、WO 1999/66050、WO 1999/53072、US 6,734,341、WO 2000/11192、WO 1998/22604、WO 1998/32326、WO 2001/98509、WO 2001/98509、WO 2005/002359、US 5,824,790、US 6,013,861、WO 1994/004693、WO 1994/009144、WO 1994/11520、WO 1995/35026和WO1997/20936。
2)合成非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物或合成与未经基因改良的野生型植物相比性状改变的非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物的转基因植物。其实例为产生聚果糖的植物，尤指菊糖型与果聚糖型，描述于EP 0663956、WO 1996/001904、WO 1996/021023、WO 1998/039460和WO1999/024593；产生α-1,4葡聚糖的植物，描述于WO 1995/031553、US 2002/031826、US 6,284,479、US 5,712,107、WO 1997/047806、WO 1997/047807、WO 1997/047808和WO 2000/14249；产生α-1,6分支α-1,4葡聚糖的植物，描述于WO 2000/73422；产生交替糖(alternan)的植物，描述于WO 2000/047727、EP 06077301.7、US 5,908,975和EP 0728213。
3)产生玻尿酸(hyaluronan)的转基因植物，例如描述于WO 2006/032538、WO2007/039314、WO 2007/039315、WO 2007/039316、JP 2006/304779和WO 2005/012529。
根据本发明还可处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术，例如遗传工程而获得)为具有改变的纤维性质的植物，例如棉花植物。所述植物可通过遗传转化或通过筛选含有能赋予所述改变的纤维性质的突变植物而获得，所述植物包括：
a)含有形式改变的纤维素合酶基因的植物，例如棉花植物，描述于WO 1998/000549；
b)含有形式改变的rsw2或rsw3同源核苷酸的植物，例如棉花植物，描述于WO2004/053219；
c)蔗糖磷酸合酶表达增强的植物，例如棉花植物，描述于WO 2001/017333；
d)蔗糖合成酶表达增强的植物，例如棉花植物，描述于WO 02/45485；
e)如通过下调纤维选择性β-1,3-葡聚糖酶而改变纤维细胞基部胞间连丝门控时间的植物，例如棉花植物，描述于WO 2005/017157；
f)如通过包括nodC的N-乙酰葡萄糖胺转移酶基因和几丁质合成酶基因的表达而改变了纤维反应性的植物，如棉花植物，描述于WO 2006/136351。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物品种(通过植物生物技术，例如遗传工程而获得)为具有改变的油成分特性的植物，例如油菜或有关的芸苔属植物。所述植物可通过遗传转化或通过筛选含有能赋予所述改变的油特性的突变植物而获得，所述植物包括：
a)产生具有高油酸含量的油的植物，例如油菜植物，描述于例如US 5,969,169、US5,840,946或US 6,323,392或US 6,063,947；
b)产生具有低亚麻酸含量的油的植物，例如油菜植物，描述于US 6,270828、US 6,169,190或US 5,965,755；
c)产生具有低水平的饱和脂肪酸的油的植物，例如油菜植物，描述于例如US 5,434,283。
可根据本发明处理的特别有用的转基因植物为含有一种或多种编码一种或多种毒素的基因的植物，其为以下述的商品名市售的转基因植物：YIELD(例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(例如玉米)、(棉花)、(棉花)、Nucotn(棉花)、(例如玉米)、和(马铃薯)的植物。可提及的除草剂耐受性植物的实例有如下市售的商品名为Roundup(对草甘膦具有耐受性，例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、Liberty(对草丁膦具有耐受性，例如油菜)、(对咪唑啉酮类具有耐受性)和(对磺酰脲类具有耐受性，例如玉米)的玉米品种、棉花品种和大豆品种。可提及的除草剂抗性植物(以常规的除草剂耐受性方式育种的植物)包括市售的商品名为(例如玉米)的品种。
可根据本发明处理的特别有用的转基因植物为含有转化事件或转化事件组合的植物，所述植物列于例如多个国家或地区管理机构的数据库中(参见，例如http:// gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx和http://www.agbios.com/dbase.php)。
制剂：
本发明的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，可以存在于其市售可获得的制剂中，且可以存在于由这些制剂制备的应用形式中，作为与其它活性成分如杀虫剂、诱虫剂、消毒剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂、除草剂、安全剂、肥料或化学信息物质(semiochemicals)的混合物。
此外，以上描述的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，在控制核盘菌属真菌的积极作用，可以通过用杀虫的、杀真菌的或杀细菌的有效成分进一步处理来改善。
唑类化合物用于增强非生物胁迫抗性的优选应用倍数为，以获准的应用率对土壤、茎和/或叶进行处理。
本发明的琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂，优选氟吡菌酰胺，一般可以另外存在于其市售可获得的制剂中，且可以存在于由这些制剂制备的应用形式中，作为与其它活性成分如杀虫剂、诱虫剂、消毒剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂或除草剂的混合物。
下面的实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明。
实施例1
在巴西，根据农业实践的条件，对大豆品种Monsoy7908 RR进行小区试验(plottest)，目的是检测在喷施应用时氟吡菌酰胺的抗核盘菌效果。
对待检测的产品按照喷施顺序喷施到植物上。
个体植株的喷施期间隔可为2-3周不等。
氟吡菌酰胺以500SC制剂(制剂编号SP102000016460)施用，应用率为150、200和250g a.i./ha(克有效成分/公顷)。每公顷喷施量为300L水。
第三次喷施后30天，在区试地块(plot)目测评价控制成功率。在区试地块部分中通过对受感染的植物进行计数进行评级。然后通过雅培公式(Abbott formula)计算效果。
受感染的数量见下面的表1。
表1氟吡菌酰胺抗大豆中核盘菌的效果
Claims (3)
1.琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂在控制植物中的核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)中的应用，所述琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂是氟吡菌酰胺(N-{[3-氯-5-(三氟甲基)-2-吡啶基]乙基}-2-三氟甲基苯甲酰胺)，所述植物为BBCH 10期或之后的大豆，其中所述氟吡菌酰胺的用量为100-250g/ha。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于所述植物为转基因植物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于所述琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂与另外的活性杀真菌成分组合使用。
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- 2010-05-26 WO PCT/EP2010/003203 patent/WO2010139410A2/de not_active Ceased
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| WO2003010149A1 (de) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-06 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Pyrazolylcarboxanilide als fungizide |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2763835C (en) | 2017-01-31 |
| HRP20190216T1 (hr) | 2019-03-22 |
| BRPI1011983A2 (pt) | 2015-09-22 |
| EA023833B1 (ru) | 2016-07-29 |
| EP2437595B1 (de) | 2018-10-31 |
| US9232794B2 (en) | 2016-01-12 |
| CN102595889A (zh) | 2012-07-18 |
| EP2437595A2 (de) | 2012-04-11 |
| AR076715A1 (es) | 2011-06-29 |
| CN105165832A (zh) | 2015-12-23 |
| CA2763835A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
| PL2437595T3 (pl) | 2019-05-31 |
| US20110003869A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 |
| WO2010139410A3 (de) | 2012-04-12 |
| EA201171495A1 (ru) | 2012-07-30 |
| UA106618C2 (uk) | 2014-09-25 |
| ZA201108835B (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| WO2010139410A2 (de) | 2010-12-09 |
| US20160205932A1 (en) | 2016-07-21 |
| US9877482B2 (en) | 2018-01-30 |
| HUE042069T2 (hu) | 2019-06-28 |
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