BR9007306A - Composicao de revestimento aquosa sem cromo para um substrato de aluminio concentrado e processo para preparar um substrato de aluminio para receber um revestimento de acabamento organico - Google Patents
Composicao de revestimento aquosa sem cromo para um substrato de aluminio concentrado e processo para preparar um substrato de aluminio para receber um revestimento de acabamento organicoInfo
- Publication number
- BR9007306A BR9007306A BR909007306A BR9007306A BR9007306A BR 9007306 A BR9007306 A BR 9007306A BR 909007306 A BR909007306 A BR 909007306A BR 9007306 A BR9007306 A BR 9007306A BR 9007306 A BR9007306 A BR 9007306A
- Authority
- BR
- Brazil
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum substrate
- finish
- composition
- waterfall
- chrome
- Prior art date
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
- C23C22/361—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing titanium, zirconium or hafnium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
- C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/341,610 US4992116A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1989-04-21 | Method and composition for coating aluminum |
| PCT/US1990/001860 WO1990012902A1 (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-04-05 | A method and composition for coating aluminum |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| BR9007306A true BR9007306A (pt) | 1992-03-24 |
Family
ID=23338274
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| BR909007306A BR9007306A (pt) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-04-05 | Composicao de revestimento aquosa sem cromo para um substrato de aluminio concentrado e processo para preparar um substrato de aluminio para receber um revestimento de acabamento organico |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4992116A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0469034B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JPH02282486A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR0140876B1 (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE109518T1 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU635019B2 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9007306A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA2049316C (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE69011326T2 (pt) |
| DK (1) | DK0469034T3 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2061031T3 (pt) |
| NZ (1) | NZ233347A (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1990012902A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (63)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5294265A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1994-03-15 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Non-chrome passivation for metal substrates |
| US5306526A (en) * | 1992-04-02 | 1994-04-26 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of treating nonferrous metal surfaces by means of an acid activating agent and an organophosphate or organophosphonate and substrates treated by such method |
| FR2692599B1 (fr) * | 1992-06-17 | 1994-09-16 | Prod Ind Cfpi Franc | Procédé de traitement de substrats à base d'aluminium en vue de leur anodisation, bain mis en Óoeuvre dans ce procédé et concentré pour préparer le bain. |
| DE4317217A1 (de) * | 1993-05-24 | 1994-12-01 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreie Konversionsbehandlung von Aluminium |
| US5603754A (en) * | 1993-07-05 | 1997-02-18 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating tinplate and aluminum |
| JPH0748677A (ja) * | 1993-07-05 | 1995-02-21 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | アルミdi缶及びぶりきdi缶兼用表面処理液ならびに処理方法 |
| US5449415A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-09-12 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating metals |
| US5427632A (en) * | 1993-07-30 | 1995-06-27 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating metals |
| US5441580A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-08-15 | Circle-Prosco, Inc. | Hydrophilic coatings for aluminum |
| US5380374A (en) * | 1993-10-15 | 1995-01-10 | Circle-Prosco, Inc. | Conversion coatings for metal surfaces |
| JP2828409B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-24 | 1998-11-25 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | アルミニウム含有金属材料用表面処理組成物および表面処理方法 |
| DE4412138A1 (de) * | 1994-04-08 | 1995-10-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreies Verfahren zur No-Rinse Behandlung von Aluminium und seinen Legierungen sowie hierfür geeignete wäßrige Badlösungen |
| DE19508126A1 (de) * | 1995-03-08 | 1996-09-12 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreies Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Lackhaftung nach Dünnschicht-Anodisierung |
| EP0838537B1 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 2001-10-17 | Nippon Paint Co., Ltd. | Metal surface treatments, method for treating metal surface, and surface-treated metallic material |
| JP3620893B2 (ja) * | 1995-07-21 | 2005-02-16 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | アルミニウム含有金属用表面処理組成物及び表面処理方法 |
| US6059896A (en) * | 1995-07-21 | 2000-05-09 | Henkel Corporation | Composition and process for treating the surface of aluminiferous metals |
| US6059867A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 2000-05-09 | Prc-Desoto International, Inc. | Non-chromate corrosion inhibitors for aluminum alloys |
| KR100357726B1 (ko) * | 1995-10-10 | 2003-01-15 | 피알시-데소토 인터내쇼날, 인코포레이티드 | 알루미늄합금에대한비크롬산염부식억제제 |
| US5935348A (en) * | 1995-11-14 | 1999-08-10 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Composition and process for preventing corrosion and reducing friction on metallic surfaces |
| JPH101782A (ja) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-01-06 | Nippon Paint Co Ltd | 金属表面処理剤、処理方法及び表面処理された金属材料 |
| US6592738B2 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2003-07-15 | Elisha Holding Llc | Electrolytic process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby |
| US6599643B2 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2003-07-29 | Elisha Holding Llc | Energy enhanced process for treating a conductive surface and products formed thereby |
| US6322687B1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2001-11-27 | Elisha Technologies Co Llc | Electrolytic process for forming a mineral |
| US6720032B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2004-04-13 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Pretreatment before painting of composite metal structures containing aluminum portions |
| EP1017880B1 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 2002-05-08 | Chemetall Plc | Method and compositions for preventing corrosion of metal substrates |
| US5891952A (en) * | 1997-10-01 | 1999-04-06 | Henkel Corporation | Aqueous compositions containing polyphenol copolymers and processes for their preparation |
| EP1037719B1 (en) * | 1997-10-14 | 2005-08-24 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien | Composition and process for multi-purpose treatment of metal surfaces |
| US6802913B1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2004-10-12 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Aut Aktien | Composition and process for multi-purpose treatment of metal surfaces |
| DE19751153A1 (de) | 1997-11-19 | 1999-05-20 | Henkel Kgaa | Polymerisierbare chromfreie organische Coilbeschichtungen |
| US5858282A (en) * | 1997-11-21 | 1999-01-12 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Aqueous amine fluoride neutralizing composition for metal pretreatments containing organic resin and method |
| DE19923084A1 (de) * | 1999-05-20 | 2000-11-23 | Henkel Kgaa | Chromfreies Korrosionsschutzmittel und Korrosionsschutzverfahren |
| DE10005113A1 (de) * | 2000-02-07 | 2001-08-09 | Henkel Kgaa | Korrosionsschutzmittel und Korrosionsschutzverfahren für Metalloberflächen |
| DE10010758A1 (de) * | 2000-03-04 | 2001-09-06 | Henkel Kgaa | Korrosionsschutzverfahren für Metalloberflächen |
| DE10030462A1 (de) * | 2000-06-21 | 2002-01-03 | Henkel Kgaa | Haftvermittler in Konversionslösungen |
| JPWO2002061175A1 (ja) * | 2001-01-31 | 2004-06-03 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属材料用表面処理剤および表面処理方法 |
| DE10131723A1 (de) * | 2001-06-30 | 2003-01-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Korrosionsschutzmittel und Korrosionsschutzverfahren für Metalloberflächen |
| DE10164671A1 (de) * | 2001-12-27 | 2003-07-10 | Basf Ag | Derivate von Polymeren für die Metallbehandlung |
| US6866896B2 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2005-03-15 | Elisha Holding Llc | Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby |
| US20040188262A1 (en) * | 2002-02-05 | 2004-09-30 | Heimann Robert L. | Method for treating metallic surfaces and products formed thereby |
| US6821633B2 (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2004-11-23 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien (Henkel Kgaa) | Non-chromate conversion coating compositions, process for conversion coating metals, and articles so coated |
| US6881279B2 (en) * | 2002-12-11 | 2005-04-19 | Henkel Corporation | High performance non-chrome pretreatment for can-end stock aluminum |
| GB0314901D0 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2003-07-30 | Natech Ltd | Coating material |
| DE10339165A1 (de) * | 2003-08-26 | 2005-03-24 | Henkel Kgaa | Farbige Konversionsschichten auf Metalloberflächen |
| DE10353149A1 (de) * | 2003-11-14 | 2005-06-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Ergänzender Korrosionsschutz für Bauteile aus organisch vorbeschichteten Metallblechen |
| DE10358310A1 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-07-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Zweistufige Konversionsbehandlung |
| DE10358309A1 (de) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-07-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Funktionalisiertes Phenol-Aldehyd-Harz und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Metalloberflächen |
| DE102004022565A1 (de) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-12-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Farbige Konversionsschichten auf Metalloberflächen |
| JP4242827B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-08 | 2009-03-25 | 日本パーカライジング株式会社 | 金属の表面処理用組成物、表面処理用処理液、表面処理方法、及び表面処理金属材料 |
| PL1984536T3 (pl) * | 2006-02-14 | 2012-09-28 | Henkel Ag & Co Kgaa | Kompozycje i sposoby odpornej na korozję powłoki trójwartościowego chromu do suszenia na miejscu do stosowania na powierzchniach metalicznych |
| JP5690485B2 (ja) * | 2006-05-10 | 2015-03-25 | ヘンケル・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト・ウント・コムパニー・コマンディットゲゼルシャフト・アウフ・アクチェンHenkel AG & Co.KGaA | 金属表面に耐食被膜として用いられる改良された三価クロム含有組成物 |
| US8097093B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2012-01-17 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc | Methods for treating a ferrous metal substrate |
| US9428410B2 (en) | 2007-09-28 | 2016-08-30 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Methods for treating a ferrous metal substrate |
| EP2532769A1 (en) | 2011-06-10 | 2012-12-12 | Amcor Flexibles Kreuzlingen Ltd. | Method of producing a chromium-free conversion coating on a surface of an aluminium or aluminium alloy strip |
| DE102012220384A1 (de) | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-08 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Dosenvorbehandlung zur verbesserten Lackhaftung |
| DE102012220385A1 (de) | 2012-11-08 | 2014-05-08 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Dosenvorbehandlung zur verbesserten Lackhaftung |
| US9273399B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-03-01 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Pretreatment compositions and methods for coating a battery electrode |
| US10156016B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2018-12-18 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Trivalent chromium-containing composition for aluminum and aluminum alloys |
| GB2538899B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2017-04-12 | Schlumberger Holdings | A Method of Corrosion inhibition of Duplex Steel |
| CA2984597C (en) | 2015-05-01 | 2020-06-16 | Novelis Inc. | Continuous coil pretreatment process |
| CA3038800A1 (en) * | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Improved secondary li ion battery and li capacitor electrode compositions |
| EP3899088A4 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-08-17 | Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Metal pretreatment compositions containing phenalkamine compounds |
| WO2021116320A1 (de) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | Salzgitter Flachstahl Gmbh | Blech mit haftvermittlerbeschichtung als halbzeug zur fertigung von metall-thermoplastverbundbauteilen und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen bleches |
| EP3940106A1 (de) * | 2020-07-15 | 2022-01-19 | TI Automotive Engineering Centre (Heidelberg) GmbH | Verfahren zum beschichten einer rohrleitung und rohrleitung |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4017334A (en) * | 1973-10-04 | 1977-04-12 | Oxy Metal Industries Corporation | Process for treating aluminum cans |
| CA1098253A (en) * | 1976-04-05 | 1981-03-31 | Timm L. Kelly | Zirconium/titanium coating solution for aluminum surfaces |
| FR2417537A1 (fr) * | 1978-02-21 | 1979-09-14 | Parker Ste Continentale | Composition a base d'hafnium pour inhiber la corrosion des metaux |
| JPS5839232B2 (ja) * | 1980-05-12 | 1983-08-29 | 日本パ−カライジング株式会社 | アルミニウム及びアルミニウム合金表面の皮膜化成処理液 |
| US4433015A (en) * | 1982-04-07 | 1984-02-21 | Parker Chemical Company | Treatment of metal with derivative of poly-4-vinylphenol |
| US4457790A (en) * | 1983-05-09 | 1984-07-03 | Parker Chemical Company | Treatment of metal with group IV B metal ion and derivative of polyalkenylphenol |
| US4470853A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1984-09-11 | Coral Chemical Company | Coating compositions and method for the treatment of metal surfaces |
| AU4751885A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-04-17 | Parker Chemical Company | Treating extruded aluminium metal surfaces |
| US4978399A (en) * | 1988-01-04 | 1990-12-18 | Kao Corporation | Metal surface treatment with an aqueous solution |
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 US US07/341,610 patent/US4992116A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-04-03 JP JP2089026A patent/JPH02282486A/ja active Pending
- 1990-04-05 DK DK90906534.4T patent/DK0469034T3/da active
- 1990-04-05 AT AT90906534T patent/ATE109518T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-05 CA CA002049316A patent/CA2049316C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-05 EP EP90906534A patent/EP0469034B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-05 ES ES90906534T patent/ES2061031T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-04-05 BR BR909007306A patent/BR9007306A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-05 WO PCT/US1990/001860 patent/WO1990012902A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-05 DE DE69011326T patent/DE69011326T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-04-05 AU AU54362/90A patent/AU635019B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-04-18 NZ NZ233347A patent/NZ233347A/xx unknown
- 1990-04-21 KR KR1019900005708A patent/KR0140876B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR900016406A (ko) | 1990-11-13 |
| CA2049316A1 (en) | 1990-10-22 |
| WO1990012902A1 (en) | 1990-11-01 |
| AU635019B2 (en) | 1993-03-11 |
| CA2049316C (en) | 2000-05-30 |
| DE69011326T2 (de) | 1994-12-08 |
| NZ233347A (en) | 1991-11-26 |
| ES2061031T3 (es) | 1994-12-01 |
| AU5436290A (en) | 1990-11-16 |
| EP0469034A1 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
| DE69011326D1 (de) | 1994-09-08 |
| DK0469034T3 (da) | 1994-11-14 |
| JPH02282486A (ja) | 1990-11-20 |
| KR0140876B1 (ko) | 1998-06-15 |
| EP0469034B1 (en) | 1994-08-03 |
| US4992116A (en) | 1991-02-12 |
| ATE109518T1 (de) | 1994-08-15 |
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