[go: up one dir, main page]

AU719861B2 - Spray-drying oil recovery process - Google Patents

Spray-drying oil recovery process Download PDF

Info

Publication number
AU719861B2
AU719861B2 AU34820/97A AU3482097A AU719861B2 AU 719861 B2 AU719861 B2 AU 719861B2 AU 34820/97 A AU34820/97 A AU 34820/97A AU 3482097 A AU3482097 A AU 3482097A AU 719861 B2 AU719861 B2 AU 719861B2
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
water
oil
polymer
spray
microemulsion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
AU34820/97A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
AU3482097A (en
Inventor
William Bloor Davies
John Edward Healy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cytec Technology Corp
Original Assignee
Cytec Technology Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cytec Technology Corp filed Critical Cytec Technology Corp
Publication of AU3482097A publication Critical patent/AU3482097A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AU719861B2 publication Critical patent/AU719861B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/16Evaporating by spraying
    • B01D1/18Evaporating by spraying to obtain dry solids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12Powdering or granulating
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/14Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56Macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G81/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
    • C08G81/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers at least one of the polymers being obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/02Recovery or working-up of waste materials of solvents, plasticisers or unreacted monomers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/12Powdering or granulating
    • C08J3/122Pulverisation by spraying
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L101/00Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
    • C08L101/12Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity
    • C08L101/14Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds characterised by physical features, e.g. anisotropy, viscosity or electrical conductivity the macromolecular compounds being water soluble or water swellable, e.g. aqueous gels
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/10Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/26Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
    • C02F2103/28Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/32Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the food or foodstuff industry, e.g. brewery waste waters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2300/00Characterised by the use of unspecified polymers
    • C08J2300/14Water soluble or water swellable polymers, e.g. aqueous gels

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
AU34820/97A 1996-06-21 1997-06-05 Spray-drying oil recovery process Ceased AU719861B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/667,782 US5869542A (en) 1995-06-07 1996-06-21 Spray drying of polymer-containing dispersions, water-in-oil emulsions and microemulsions and dry polymer products formed thereby
US08/667782 1996-06-21
PCT/US1997/010056 WO1997048750A1 (en) 1996-06-21 1997-06-05 Spray-drying oil recovery process

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU3482097A AU3482097A (en) 1998-01-07
AU719861B2 true AU719861B2 (en) 2000-05-18

Family

ID=24679610

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU34820/97A Ceased AU719861B2 (en) 1996-06-21 1997-06-05 Spray-drying oil recovery process

Country Status (29)

Country Link
US (2) US5869542A (es)
EP (1) EP0906359B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2000513039A (es)
KR (1) KR20000016793A (es)
CN (1) CN1064377C (es)
AR (1) AR008247A1 (es)
AT (1) ATE200685T1 (es)
AU (1) AU719861B2 (es)
BG (1) BG63436B1 (es)
BR (1) BR9709873A (es)
CA (1) CA2258688A1 (es)
CO (1) CO5031305A1 (es)
DE (1) DE69704616T2 (es)
DK (1) DK0906359T3 (es)
ES (1) ES2156390T3 (es)
GR (1) GR3035900T3 (es)
ID (1) ID17359A (es)
MX (1) MX204127B (es)
NO (1) NO985968L (es)
OA (1) OA10941A (es)
PE (1) PE86098A1 (es)
PH (1) PH11997057029B1 (es)
PL (1) PL330724A1 (es)
PT (1) PT906359E (es)
RU (1) RU2180905C2 (es)
TW (1) TW420694B (es)
UA (1) UA47483C2 (es)
WO (1) WO1997048750A1 (es)
ZA (1) ZA975445B (es)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6313199B1 (en) * 1995-06-07 2001-11-06 Cytec Technology Corp. Spray drying of polymer-containing dispersions, water-in-oil emulsions and water-in-oil microemulsions, and dry polymer products formed thereby
US6011089A (en) * 1995-06-07 2000-01-04 Cytec Technology Corp. Spray drying of polymer-containing dispersions, water-in-oil emulsions and water-in-oil microemulsions, and dry polymer products formed thereby
US20050261399A1 (en) * 2004-05-19 2005-11-24 David Hunkeler Powdered flocculants prepared by using evaporative cooling to coat polymeric materials on a porous substrate
US9428630B2 (en) 2009-06-19 2016-08-30 Exacto, Inc. Water-in-oil polyacrylamide-based microemulsions and related methods
US9307758B2 (en) 2009-06-19 2016-04-12 Exacto, Inc. Polyacrylamide based agricultural compositions
US9309378B2 (en) 2009-06-19 2016-04-12 Exacto, Inc. Emulsion compositions comprising polyacrylamide copolymer and ethylene oxide—propylene oxide copolymer
BR112014012678B1 (pt) * 2011-12-09 2020-10-20 Dow Global Technologies Llc. método para produzir uma composição de cimento modificada e argamassa seca
WO2014158175A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Exacto, Inc. Emulsion compositions comprising polyacylamide copolymer and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer
WO2019043007A1 (en) 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 Capsugel Belgium Nv SINGLE-USE SPRAY DRYING COMPONENTS AND METHODS OF USE
CA3132992A1 (en) 2019-03-14 2020-09-17 Exacto, Inc. Transparent or semitransparent inverse microlatices of polyacrylamide as oil emulsion drift reducing agent
AU2020326629A1 (en) * 2019-08-02 2022-02-24 Mars, Incorporated Novel preparation of fat-based confections

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035317A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-07-12 American Cyanamid Company Rapidly dissolving, water-soluble polymers and spray drying method for their production
EP0084837A1 (en) * 1982-01-26 1983-08-03 Mitsubishi Kasei Polytec Company Flocculation of latex particles and production of thermoplastic resin
EP0711586A2 (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-05-15 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Methods for producing coating powders, catalysts and drier water-borne coatings by spraying compositions with compressed fluids

Family Cites Families (55)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA672769A (en) * 1963-10-22 G. Hedberg Johan Elastomers compounded by spray drying
US3275449A (en) * 1962-06-26 1966-09-27 Pillsbury Co Method of agglomerating solid particulate material
US3325425A (en) * 1962-12-03 1967-06-13 Monsanto Co Spray drying of aqueous acrylic polymer dispersion paints
US3279924A (en) * 1963-12-12 1966-10-18 Carnation Co Contacting apparatus and process for forming aggregates
US3803111A (en) * 1972-05-15 1974-04-09 Celanese Coatings Co Process for spray-drying acrylic polymer solutions
JPS5324115B2 (es) * 1974-03-22 1978-07-19
US4112215A (en) * 1975-03-20 1978-09-05 Rohm Gmbh Copolymeric resin binder powders
US4079027A (en) * 1975-04-18 1978-03-14 Nalco Chemical Company Quaternary modified acrylamide polymers
US4171296A (en) * 1976-07-15 1979-10-16 Nalco Chemical Company Method of hydrolyzing polyacrylamide
US4212784A (en) * 1979-05-04 1980-07-15 Nalco Chemical Co. Polymerization of water soluble polymers in water-in-oil latex form to produce emulsions containing high polymer solids levels and low oil levels
US4405728A (en) * 1982-01-15 1983-09-20 Nalco Chemical Company Compositions for on-site mannich polymer process
US4506062A (en) * 1982-08-09 1985-03-19 Allied Colloids Limited Inverse suspension polymerization process
DE3305361A1 (de) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-23 Röhm GmbH, 6100 Darmstadt Bindemittel fuer giessereiformsande
GB8309275D0 (en) * 1983-04-06 1983-05-11 Allied Colloids Ltd Dissolution of water soluble polymers in water
US4614827A (en) * 1983-07-20 1986-09-30 Rohm Gmbh Method for isolating vinyl salt compounds from aqueous solutions
DE3565475D1 (en) * 1984-04-07 1988-11-17 Bayer Ag Process and apparatus for the production of granules
GB8414950D0 (en) * 1984-06-12 1984-07-18 Allied Colloids Ltd Cationic polyelectrolytes
GB8426529D0 (en) * 1984-10-19 1984-11-28 Allied Colloids Ltd Dry polymers
DE3444960A1 (de) * 1984-12-10 1986-06-12 Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf Koerniges adsorptionsmittel
US4747880A (en) * 1984-12-12 1988-05-31 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Dry, granular maintenance product reconstitutable to an aqueous clean and shine product
USH915H (en) * 1985-07-22 1991-05-07 Gibbs Marylu B Controlled macroporous copolymer properties by removal of impurities in the diluent
US4696762A (en) * 1985-12-06 1987-09-29 Zumbro Enterprises, Inc. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
US4820773A (en) * 1986-04-21 1989-04-11 American Colloid Company Water absorbent resins prepared by polymerization in the presence of styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers
IL83130A (en) * 1986-07-09 1990-11-29 Monsanto Co Formulations of water-dispersible pesticidal or plant-growth regulating granules and process for preparation thereof
DE3626663A1 (de) * 1986-08-07 1988-02-11 Roehm Gmbh Bindemittel fuer formsande
DE3702997A1 (de) * 1987-02-02 1988-08-11 Roehm Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung eines redispergierbaren kunststoffpulvers
CA1329283C (en) * 1986-10-01 1994-05-03 David Farrar Water soluble polymeric compositions
DE3869631D1 (de) * 1987-01-30 1992-05-07 Allied Colloids Ltd Wasseradsorbierende polymere.
US5171781A (en) * 1987-01-30 1992-12-15 Allied Colloids Limited Polymeric compositions
US4767540A (en) * 1987-02-11 1988-08-30 American Cyanamid Company Polymers containing hydroxamic acid groups for reduction of suspended solids in bayer process streams
JPS6416812A (en) * 1987-07-10 1989-01-20 Japan Exlan Co Ltd Polymer bead
DE3807543A1 (de) * 1988-03-08 1989-09-21 Roehm Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung spruehgetrockneter emulsionspolymerisate
US5025004A (en) * 1988-06-13 1991-06-18 Eastman Kodak Company Water-dispersible polymeric compositions
NO176278C (no) * 1988-08-24 1995-03-08 Allied Colloids Ltd Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en partikkelformig blanding av aktiv bestanddel i et polymert materiale
US5132023A (en) * 1988-12-19 1992-07-21 American Cyanamid Company Emulsified mannich acrylamide polymers
US4956399A (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-09-11 American Cyanamid Company Emulsified mannich acrylamide polymers
US4956400A (en) * 1988-12-19 1990-09-11 American Cyanamid Company Microemulsified functionalized polymers
US5037881A (en) * 1989-10-30 1991-08-06 American Cyanamid Company Emulsified mannich acrylamide polymers
US5167766A (en) * 1990-06-18 1992-12-01 American Cyanamid Company Charged organic polymer microbeads in paper making process
US5274055A (en) * 1990-06-11 1993-12-28 American Cyanamid Company Charged organic polymer microbeads in paper-making process
GB9021565D0 (en) * 1990-10-04 1990-11-21 Allied Colloids Ltd Dewatering compositions and processes
JPH04145131A (ja) * 1990-10-04 1992-05-19 Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd 中空重合体粒子の製造方法
US5109062A (en) * 1990-11-15 1992-04-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Stabilized Mannich emulsions
DE4103969A1 (de) * 1991-02-09 1992-08-13 Basf Ag Verfahren zur herstellung von feinteiligen, wasserloeslichen oder wasserquellbaren polymerisaten
RU2032698C1 (ru) * 1992-05-18 1995-04-10 Научно-Коммерческое Предприятие "Полимерпласт" Пористый материал и способ его получения
US5698007A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-12-16 Akzo Nobel Nv Process for agglomerating particulate material
JP3005124B2 (ja) * 1992-09-10 2000-01-31 花王株式会社 不定形重合体粒子の製造方法
US5596056A (en) * 1992-10-23 1997-01-21 Kao Corporation Process for producing polymer particles with irregular shape by polymerizing a water-soluble polymerizable monomer
US5286806C1 (en) * 1993-05-14 2001-01-30 Cytec Tech Corp Methods of making and using high molecular weight acrylamide polymers
DE4320220A1 (de) * 1993-06-18 1994-12-22 Basf Ag Verwendung von Polymerisaten I, die spezielle monoethylenisch ungesättigte Sulfonsäuren einpolymerisiert enthalten, als Hilfsmittel bei der Sprühtrocknung wäßriger Dispersionen von Polymerisaten II
US5650465A (en) * 1994-02-23 1997-07-22 Cytec Technology Corp. Ampholytic polymers and polymeric microemulsions
WO1995025129A1 (en) * 1994-03-17 1995-09-21 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Spray dried polymer for catalyst support
DE19506634A1 (de) * 1995-02-25 1996-08-29 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von feinteiligen Mischungen aus amphiphilen Polymeren und Polycarboxylaten und ihre Verwendung
WO1996037441A1 (en) * 1995-05-24 1996-11-28 Cytec Technology Corp. Flash point stabilized tertiary aminomethylated (alk)acrylamide polymer microemulsions
US5696228A (en) * 1996-10-03 1997-12-09 Cytec Technology Corp. Process for producing substantially dry polymer particles from aqueous dispersions

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035317A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-07-12 American Cyanamid Company Rapidly dissolving, water-soluble polymers and spray drying method for their production
EP0084837A1 (en) * 1982-01-26 1983-08-03 Mitsubishi Kasei Polytec Company Flocculation of latex particles and production of thermoplastic resin
EP0711586A2 (en) * 1994-11-14 1996-05-15 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Methods for producing coating powders, catalysts and drier water-borne coatings by spraying compositions with compressed fluids

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3482097A (en) 1998-01-07
BG103078A (en) 1999-11-30
BG63436B1 (bg) 2002-01-31
JP2000513039A (ja) 2000-10-03
OA10941A (en) 2003-02-27
GR3035900T3 (en) 2001-08-31
EP0906359B1 (en) 2001-04-18
AR008247A1 (es) 1999-12-29
NO985968D0 (no) 1998-12-18
PL330724A1 (en) 1999-05-24
TW420694B (en) 2001-02-01
DE69704616D1 (de) 2001-05-23
US6110981A (en) 2000-08-29
BR9709873A (pt) 1999-08-10
US5869542A (en) 1999-02-09
MX204127B (es) 2001-09-07
ES2156390T3 (es) 2001-06-16
CA2258688A1 (en) 1997-12-24
EP0906359A1 (en) 1999-04-07
MX9810568A (es) 1999-09-30
UA47483C2 (uk) 2002-07-15
ZA975445B (en) 1998-01-05
CN1222922A (zh) 1999-07-14
RU2180905C2 (ru) 2002-03-27
KR20000016793A (ko) 2000-03-25
CN1064377C (zh) 2001-04-11
PE86098A1 (es) 1998-12-02
WO1997048750A1 (en) 1997-12-24
ID17359A (id) 1997-12-24
CO5031305A1 (es) 2001-04-27
DK0906359T3 (da) 2001-08-13
PT906359E (pt) 2001-07-31
NO985968L (no) 1998-12-18
PH11997057029B1 (en) 2001-03-02
ATE200685T1 (de) 2001-05-15
DE69704616T2 (de) 2001-11-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU712958B2 (en) Water-in-oil emulsion spray drying process
AU728983B2 (en) Spray-dried polymer compositions and methods
MXPA98010585A (es) Composiciones polimericas secadas por rocio, metodo para aglomerar particulas polimericas secadas por rocio y metodo para la utilizacion de las mismas
MXPA98010580A (es) Proceso para el secado por rocio de emulsion aguaen aceite
AU719861B2 (en) Spray-drying oil recovery process
US6313199B1 (en) Spray drying of polymer-containing dispersions, water-in-oil emulsions and water-in-oil microemulsions, and dry polymer products formed thereby
US6080804A (en) Spray drying of functionalized polyacrylamide microemulsions
MXPA98010568A (es) Proceso para la recuperacion de aceite mediante secado por rocio
KR100544606B1 (ko) 유중수에멀션분무건조방법

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FGA Letters patent sealed or granted (standard patent)
MK14 Patent ceased section 143(a) (annual fees not paid) or expired