AT506155B1 - DOOR, ESPECIALLY FIRE PROTECTION AND FLIGHT DOORS - Google Patents

Abstract

Door for a dividing wall between two rooms with different values of air pressure (p1, p2) prevailing in them, in particular fire protection and escape doors from a tunnel into an escape area, the door leaf without auxiliary power even with large pressure differences (p = p2 - p1) between the Both spaces can be opened practically without resistance, characterized in that the door (100) as a revolving door (1) in two parts with a on a door jamb (41) in at least two pivot bearings (45, 45 ') vertically mounted, approximately C-shaped residual door part ( 3) with a vertical bar (31) and of the same, preferably horizontal, projecting partial beams (32, 32 ') and one in the distal end region (33, 33') of the partial beams (32, 32 ') along its vertical axis of gravity (Sa ) in pivot bearings (35, 35 ') and up to a stop (6) to a predetermined opening angle (a) relative to the remaining door part (3) limited pivotable turning wing part (2) is formed is t.

Description

Austrian Patent Office AT506155B1 2014-01-15

Description: [0001] The invention relates to a new door for a partition wall between two rooms with different values of air pressure prevailing in them, in particular such a door as fire protection and escape door from a tunnel to an escape or evacuation room, according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Such doors are for example for locks between rooms with different air pressure values or for the transition from a suction through the lower air pressure, ie low pressure, having tunnel and the shelters, escape routes and escape tunnels in which normal or low pressure prevails, intended.

For example, for today used escape doors, especially for those of, possibly fire-prone rooms, such as just. of tunnels for motor vehicle traffic, in fireproof escape shelters, in particular tunnels, are required to withstand dynamic pressures / suction loads between 2 and 10 kPa. In addition, in the event of a fire hazard today, it is necessary for such pressure equalization doors to comply with the fire protection resistance class El2 90-C (according to the standard temperature curve). This means that these types of doors have fire and fire tightness, and in particular that they must be fully smoke tight.

The existing state of the art is the following: DE 102006012092 A1 shows a fire and smoke protection door for closing a wall between two rooms, preferably for use in tunnel tubes and according to this document, the force required to open the door be low in case of danger to allow a safe opening even for children or infirm persons.

According to DE-A1 no one-sided lateral pivotal mounting of the door leaf in the door frame is provided in the two-leaf door, but there is a central storage of the double door leaf in the door frame.

The door according to the above-mentioned DE-A1 can not be used as escape door, since there is a danger that in a crowd in the escape direction, the door is blocked by the body resistance left and right of the doors rotation axis and then does not open. Thus, the door according to this DE-A1 is absolutely not suitable to fulfill the function of the escape door according to the invention, namely their full escape capability.

The door disclosed in DE 102006013093 A1 is based on its own functional principle, namely that of a swing door.

Such a swing door, which can be opened on both sides, is unsuitable for use in tunnels, in particular for the following reasons: [0010] The door leaf possibly protrudes into the roadway area of a tunnel from which persons want to flee, in case of incorrect operation, and thus in any case, against the direction of escape of the persons, which is absolutely to be avoided, especially in case of panic danger.

A real tightness of the door against the door facing out is difficult or impossible to reach in these openable doors on both sides.

She also makes problems in the independent locking, as can not be guaranteed especially in pressure differences, that the pivotable on both sides towards wings remains exactly in the actual locking position, whereby the risk of malfunction is very large.

When the door is locked no pressure compensation, which always carries the risk that, as a result of the pressure acting on the wing unlocking the door is at least considerably more difficult.

AT 384071 B1 relates only to the ventilation of a room. This door is not tight. Due to the practical experience gained in recent years, it has been noted again and again that the known and actually used escape door constructions meet the requirements made of them, e.g. only partially meet the exceptional loads in the tunnel area, and that they by no means have grown satisfactorily the conditions, especially in use in case of danger or disaster, especially what their function and handling by possibly escaping from a danger area in panic people are satisfying.

This of course already applies to conventional pressure equalization doors, e.g. in laboratories, in industry, in mining and the like. And just in a very special degree for in emergencies and disasters required, as quick and easy disclosure of the doors from one room to another and in particular from a possibly exposed to fire tunnel in the or the escape or shelters or tunnels, which due to the high pressure load by the circumstances under no circumstances high, due to the size of the door leaf, however, hardly surmountable, pressure differences between two different printing underlying rooms, in particular between Recovered having Ge-hazardous and higher air pressure having shelter, escape tunnel od. Like.

The aim of the invention is therefore the development of functioning in any situation pressure equalization doors, such. of escape doors, which e.g. in the case of fire doors that meet the following technical specifications: Such fire doors must, what their door frame or door frame, its connection to the partition, the door leaf, its seals, its fittings, tapes u. Like., All conditions of the fire protection test on the resistance class El 30, El 60 and EI90 according to EN ÖN 1634 and EN ÖN 1363, tested according to the respective required temperature curve correspond, and this on each side.

Another essential requirement placed on pressure equalization doors is their automatic self-closing after use, which of course is to a very high degree applicable to escape doors and, in particular, to fire doors, in order to be used in disaster, e.g. Fire, to ensure full protection of persons.

In particular, fire protection or escape doors with pressure compensation function must further fully meet the panic function according to EN1125 for use in escape routes. This standard prescribes the type, the mode of operation, the dimensions, the usability and the actuation forces for locks and fittings for escape route doors, whereby above all their full operational reliability must be fulfilled even after years. By their design, such doors must be designed for a dynamic working pressure of +/- 10 kPa.

In tunnels, mine tunnels. Like. Occur by suction and traffic on high dynamic pressure and suction loads. Conventional door designs can not withstand these often rapidly changing loads. Therefore, special door constructions are required for such applications, a greater number of which have become known and used.

Especially for this type of doors, especially in tunnels, underpasses, canals, shafts, studs od. Like. It is important that all locks and fittings with the often high corrosion loads permanently resistant materials are formed.

What must always be possible in any situation and in particular in a hazardous situation must be manual operation of the novel pressure equalization door at a pressure difference of up to 10 kPa between the two door sides, without the use of an external power supply, so this particular is the following to consider: Due to the air extraction and ventilation and traffic occur, for example In tunnels often high pressure differences between the two tunnel tubes and in particular between the tunnel tube and side, escape and / or shelters on. Essentially the same applies to doors and locks in high-rise buildings, industrial plants, cellars, in shafts of mine, air-raid shelters u. Like. Such doors are - possibly panicked - 2/8 Austrian Patent Office AT506155B1 2014-01-15

People difficult or impossible to open.

When closing the doors can cause a significant risk of injury to the doors operating persons auftre-th due to the pressure difference on the two sides thereof.

The described heavy or possibly even non-Öffenbarkeit such doors at higher pressure differences between the two door sides is in stark contradiction to the required ease of the doors when opening (escape doors!). However, there is still no corresponding, actually fully functioning and sustainable product on the market, which fulfills all the required properties of such pressure equalization and escape doors, and it had to be accepted this shortcoming as a given.

The solution to this problem has a fundamental new development of pressure balance doors required and the present invention solves the problem described by a as mentioned in the preamble of claim 1, at least single door, which has the essential features listed in the characterizing part of this claim ,

The new solution variant according to the invention is capable of meeting all the requirements enumerated above and further has the advantage of being manufacturable at a reasonable cost.

In contrast to the above-mentioned DE 102006012092 A1, the door construction according to the invention has some important differences and thus important advantages: The door according to the invention has a pivotable wing, which is mounted in the other pivotable wing. The door according to DE-A1 consists of only one wing. This results in a completely different functional principle. The wing according to DE-A1 is statically balanced in itself, whereby an opening of the door is possible.

The door according to the invention is characterized by a first partial opening, namely the pivotable in the other hinged door, pressure moderately balanced, there centrally mounted, second door leaf, a pressure compensation for the entire wing.

The proposed arrangement of the laterally mounted in the first way in the usual way laterally side door wing has the following advantages: The door according to the invention requires only half the installation width for the same width with the door according to DE-A1 passage width and it does not protrude into wings the tunnel area, so it is when opening the door not one of the wings fully aligned against the direction of escape.

It should be mentioned here that swing doors, as shown in DE 102006012093 A1, have not become known in the tunnel area, because the development of such a door does not seem to make sense. In general, the above two DE-A1 clearly show that in the field of tunnel protection of the prior art has not yet offered a satisfactory solution, and that only by the present invention in a door frame with a vertical pivot axis only to one side When opening the self-centered and therefore pressure-difference-independent, easily actuated second wing, it is indeed very briefly so that a part This door is aligned against the direction of escape, but that already at this moment the pressure equalization between the pressure different rooms is done and opens from that moment on the door frame pivotally mounted first door in the direction of escape movement and the door thus without any resistance and without Einengun g or disability is available for an escape.

Basically, it should be noted that in order to achieve a pressure equalization between two rooms of different air pressure without the use of auxiliary power, the door leaf in the Austrian Patent Office AT506155B1 2014-01-15

Essentially along its - related to the pressure or the pressure difference exposed door leaf surface - to store heavy axis.

There are two realizable solution variants for this purpose: Variant 1: The door axis of rotation passes through or along the vertical (n) axis of gravity of the door leaf. The door pivot itself is guided linearly hiebei and can be moved with an arrangement similar to that of a folding door. Such a door construction is technically and costly consuming and can still lead to complications in their function. This variant of a pressure equalization door has the following disadvantages: There may be a failure due to contamination of the linear axis of rotation guide.

In particular, it would lead to problems with the requirements of EN 1125 in the tunnel, tunnel or shaft area.

There are difficulties in the concrete fire protection design with respect to the sealing of the door leaf against the door frame or door frame.

Variant 2: This is the variant of the novel door according to the invention: The door leaf consists of a hinge-side U- or C-shaped residual door part, in which the reversible wing part balanced along the vertical axis of gravity is mounted. When opening the new security door both door leaf parts are unlocked and the reversible wing part can, because centrally or heavily axle-mounted, to a predetermined angle, for. up to about 30 °, easily open to allow pressure equalization between the two door sides. Thereafter, the U- or C-shaped hinge-side residual door part opens without any problem, which then opens the entire door leaf in rotation.

A simple and easy to operate in danger or panic situations embodiment represents a new pressure equalization door with the resulting from the claim 2 features. In that the - mostly horizontal unlocking handle bar in essential parts on that side of the reversible wing part or Wendetürblattes is located, where the same thing "up", it is ensured that the new door serving, possibly endangered, people can open the door immediately where the escape route opens directly and just virtually no pressure difference is overcome.

Important in terms of a non-actuation of the new door immediately achieved security are further self-closing and self-locking the door by means of the operable by the door handle or by the doorknob and the door handle handle door locking mechanism of the invention, a split door leaf having door according to claim 3 and claim 4.

It has proven to be cheap and in terms of the rapid opening of the entire conceived as a revolving door, pressure equalization door or protective door advantageous to keep the opening angle of the turning wing part relative to the remaining door part relatively small, preferably approximately in the range of up to 30 °, in particular from 10 to 20 °, as essentially to claim 5.

As stated above, it is in the sense of high reliability of the new pressure equalizing door of particular advantage to manufacture all fittings and the internal mechanics of the same stainless steel corrosion, for which reference is made to claim 6.

The door according to the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawings: Figures 1 to 3 show the new pressure equalizing door in a front view from the premises into which persons coming from an adjoining room enter, e.g. in the case of tunnel escape routes from the side of the Schutzräumlichkeiten ago, further in a side view and in its closed position and Figs. 4 and 5, the door at substantially done without resistance opening of the reversible wing part to the intended opening AT506155 B1 2014-01-15

Angle and full opening respectively in views from above.

The in a view from the side of the room to be entered, so e.g. Shelter 8 shown in Fig. 1, designed according to the invention pressure equalization door 100, so e.g. Tunnel door, comprises a built-in a partition wall 9 door frame 4 with two upright door posts 41, 41 '. At the right vertical door jamb 41 three bearings 45 are arranged at a distance from each other, in which the pivotable about said bearings 45 door-side residual door part 3 of the two-part door leaf 1 of the new pressure equalization door 100 is mounted.

The remaining part of the door 3 has two part arms 32, 32 'protruding horizontally away from it, in each of whose two end regions 33, 33' a bearing 35, 35 'is arranged. The two bearings form the bearing of the reversing wing part 2, wherein its surface f1 to the left of the gravity axis Sa and the surface f2 right of the same have substantially the same size, so that the force acting on these two surface parts of the reversing wing part 2 air pressure forces are equal and the same can be opened even with large pressure differences Δρ = p1 - p2 with practically no effort.

The reversible wing part 2 has on the usual opening side to the left here vertical door jamb 41 'out on the side of the room to be entered, e.g. Escape space 8 a conventional doorknob 25 and on the other, so on the example. endangered, in particular fire-endangered, eg. on the side of the tunnel 8 ', from which persons can escape, a little more than half of the same, so from the opening edge 21 to shortly beyond the gravity axis Sa out extending, by virtually resistanceless depression for easy opening of the The remaining door part 3 of the new door 100 is always pressed into a closed-holding position by means of at least one corrosion-resistant self-closing device 7, likewise the reversing wing part 2 by means of at least one further self-closing device 7 ', which is attached to the remaining door part 3 is attached.

From the side view of Fig. 2 is further - with otherwise constant reference numerals - to see how, for. in the protective space 8 of the overpressure p2 and in the hazardous area 8 'of the sub-pressure p1 prevails, the pressure difference Δρ = p2 - p1 (or vice versa) makes in the new door 100 and the novel door leaf 1 according to the Invention not noticeable, since the two surfaces f1 and f2 of the reversible wing part 2 are substantially equal in size and the door 1 thereby essentially always powerless from both sides 8, 8 'forth can be opened.

From the top views of the novel, in the unopened normal state N and in the partial opening state Ö shown door 100 shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 - with otherwise constant reference numerals - can be seen how the reversible wing part 2 to the between the not shown bearings extending axis of gravity Sa in the direction of the arrow can be opened, which is ensured by means of an angle limiting stop 6 that the reversible wing part 2, as shown here, virtually without effort up to an angle α of about 20 ° swings open and thus openable.

The angle limiting stop 6 is fixed at least on one of the two horizontal arms 32 or 32 'of the remaining door part 3 of the door 100 and the door leaf 1 and by the same is the reversible wing part 2 when it is opened by the opening angle α and abuts against the same , Hindered at a further opening relative to the remaining door part 3.

From this point or state of the remaining door part 3 is then taken, opens and it can be opened the door panel 1 in its full width by the remaining door part 3 can be pivoted about the mounted on the vertical door jamb 41 bands 45. 5.8

Claims (6)

Austrian patent office AT506155 B1 2014-01-15 Claims 1. Door with two hinged door leaves (3, 2) for a partition wall (9) between two spaces (8, 8 ') with different values of air pressure (p1, p2) prevailing in them or pressure equalization door (100), in particular fire protection and escape door of a tunnel (8) in an escape or evacuation space (8 '), the door leaf without auxiliary power even with large pressure differences (Δρ = p2 - p1) between the two Spaces (8, 8 ') can be opened substantially without or with only little effort, characterized in that the door (100), in particular the fire and fire-tightness and smoke-tightness having fire door, as at least single-wing revolving door with at least a two-part door leaf ( 1) with a at one (41) of the vertical door jambs (41, 4T) of the door frame (4) in at least two pivot bearings (45) vertically mounted, substantially C- or U-shaped Resttürteil (3) having a vertical beam portion (31) and at least two of the same, preferably substantially horizontally, laterally projecting, preferably an upper and a lower, partial arms (32, 32 ') and - one at or in the distal end region ( 33, 33 ') of said sub-arms (32, 32'), in particular on the top and bottom side substantially along its substantially vertical, - on the the different pressures (p1, p2) exposed partial surfaces (f1, f2) related - heavy axis ( Sa) in pivot bearings (35, 35 ') and about the same up to a stop (6) at a predetermined opening angle (a) relative to the remaining door part (3) limited pivoting and thus openable reversible wing part (2) is formed. 2. Door according to claim 1, characterized in that the reversible wing part (2) in the normal state (N) on the one hand on the opening side vertical door jamb (4T) and optionally on the other part of the rest door (3), in particular by means of door handle (25) and / or opening or Panic grip bar (26) is lockable and in the case of use or danger (G) on one side, for example on the side of the room, preferably by means of door handle or pawl (25), and on the other side, for example at the end of the tunnel or tunnel, Preferably, by means of opening or panic-grip bar (26) which extends substantially within the region of the reversing wing part (2) from the door post-side opening edge (21) to over its axis of gravity (Sa), can be unlocked and opened. 3. Door according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the remaining door part (3) of the door leaf (1) or the door (100) is equipped with at least one self-closing device (7) which is supported on the door frame (4). 4. Door according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reversible wing part (2) with at least one self-closing device (7 ') is provided which is supported on the remaining door part (3) of the door leaf (1). 5. Door according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the opening angle (a) of the reversing wing part (2) relative to the remaining door part (3) by means of a stop (6) to 30 °, in particular to 15 °, limited. 6. Door according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, especially when using the same in tunnels, basements, channels, tunnels, shafts od. Like., All fittings thereof, in particular all bearings, straps, buckles (25), the opening or panic handle lever (26) and the entire inner locking mechanism, made of corrosion-resistant stainless steel, in particular made of the stainless steel alloy 1,4571, 1,4401 or 1,4529. For this 2 sheets drawings 6/8